Conservation and cultivation of threatened and high valued medicinal plants in North East India
September 2013
Medicinal plants exploration in North Eastern India has been carried out in the various forests including Crude drugs markets up to the range wherever medicinal plants produce are sold in the markets. Various attempts have also been made for the acclamatisation through cultivation of medicinal plants from one zone to another in the Region. The crude drugs produce from the region are traded in the markets of...
Wild edibles of Murari Devi and surrounding areas in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh, India
September 2013
The wild edibles served as a dietary supplement and medicine for thousands of years, particularly in the tribal and rural areas of the Himalayas. A total of 43 wild edibles, representing 33 genera and 25 families were reported. Maximum number of species were reported in the altitudinal zone, 700 to 1800 m followed by >1800 m altitudinal zone. Forty species were found in dry habitat followed by...
Informative microsatellites for freshwater and marine shrimp species
September 2013
Marine and freshwater shrimp are overexploited worldwide due to their high commercial value being usually fished in a predatory manner. The concern about conserving the stocks for economical or ecological reasons has been threatened by the absence of molecular markers for the majority of these species. In this work, we described ten anonymous microsatellites isolated from an enriched-library with magnetic...
Medicinal Plants Scenario in Forest Vegetation of Baikunthpur (District-Koria) Chhattisgarh (India)
September 2013
The State of Chhattisgarh has about 44% of its geographical area covered with forests. The Koria district in Chhattisgarh lies between 22°58’ to 23°49’ North latitudes and 81° 33’ to 82°45’ East longitude. The average rainfall is 121.36 cm. The forest area is 81.23% of total district Area. The district Koria has a very rich flora exhibiting diversity especially of...
Towards sustainable financing of protected areas: A brief overview of pertinent issues
August 2013
According to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) now known as the World Conservation Union (IUCN), a protected area refers to a clearly defined geographical space, recognised, dedicated and managed through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values. The recognition of the role of protected...
Mangrove forests of river estuaries of Odisha, India
August 2013
A clear and current picture of the mangrove forests extant in different river estuaries of the Odisha state of the Indian sub-continent have been provided in this communication. Apart from their role in upgrading the state’s economy, the other features exploited by the local inhabitants have been highlighted in brief. Effective measures for the conservation of these rare and unique ecosystems have also...
Potent anticancer compounds from the ocean
August 2013
Over 70% of the earth’s surface is covered by oceans, and it is an established fact now, that life originated in the oceans. Additionally, the oceans are also the source of matchless natural products that are mainly accumulated in living organisms. Several bioactive compounds of therapeutic interest have been isolated from marine invertebrates, and some of them have been reported to be of microbial...
Knowledge and attitude of peasants towards birds in church forests in Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia
August 2013
Residents who have lived in the same area for extended periods can provide valuable insights into changes that have taken place in the diversity and abundance of local wildlife. Birds are among the best known parts of the earth’s biodiversity. This study was conducted in three selected church forests located in different agroclimate zones (“Kola”, “Weyna Dega” and...
Prevalence and seasonal periodicity of endophytic coelomycetous fungi in Tamil Nadu, India
August 2013
The present study reports 2,644 endophytic isolates; only 74 different morphospecies of coelomycetes have been isolated and identified from 14,400 segments of healthy tissues such as leaves (4,800), stem (4,800) and bark (4,800). Each plant tissue with 300 segments was studied in a Petri dish containing 10 segments; totally, 30 plates were studied with four seasons. Totally, 74 coelomycetes...
Linking population size to conservation needs of the Grey Parrot in Cameroon
August 2013
Unsustainable exploitation of the wild Grey Parrot is a complex and challenging phenomenon for governments and international organizations to tackle. The need to reverse the negative impacts of exploitation on the Grey Parrot population and to conserve it for future generations formed the basis of this study. Population data on the Grey Parrot in Cameroon were obtained using the point count method with two counting...
The folk biology of South American-native shrub, Mimosa pigra L. [Leguminosae] and its invasive success in Rwanda
August 2013
Although, the probability of an alien plant species to become invasive in natural or semi-natural habitats is relatively low, the introduction of new taxa should always be regarded as a sensitive issue because the effects of an insertion of an invasive species are likely to be prohibitive as well as external. Ideally, plant species with an invasive potential should not be allowed to enter a country and,...
Local vulnerability, Forest communities and Forest-carbon conservation: case of southern Cameroon
August 2013
The mechanism for reducing carbon emissions through forest conservation is dominating climate policy processes in many tropical forests countries. However, there are concerns about the implications of these activities on forest-dependent communities, who are vulnerable to climatic stresses. Reconciling local vulnerability, adaptive capacity and forests carbon conservation initiatives is necessary but...
Studies on biodiversity of fleshy fungi in Navsari (South Gujarat), India
August 2013
Mushrooms have created great excitement because of their presence especially after the down pour during the monsoon season. So a detailed survey was made in and around Navsari, south Gujarat, from July to September, 2010, to understand the morphological variability in their population which has not been done earlier. The region is a habitat of well distributed micro flora and fauna. Navsari is located between...
Herpetofauna of Thummalapalle uranium mining area, Andhra Pradesh, India
August 2013
The present study on herpetofauna in Thummalapalle uranium mining area resulted in a collection of 52 species belonging to 17 families. Snakes were the dominant group with 20 species. Most species recorded are in the least concerned and not assessed categories, and only two species (Geochelone elegans and Lissemys punctata) were in the lower risk - least concern category and one species...
Genetic variability and association between agronomic characters in some potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes in SNNPRS, Ethiopia
August 2013
Thirteen (13) potato genotypes were evaluated for genetic variability and association of agronomic characters among themselves and tuber yield. The study aimed to find out the genetic variability, and interrelationships among different characters in potato. The plot design used for the experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replications. The analysis of variance showed that the...
Diversity of fishes in relation to physcio-chemical properties of Manakudy estuary, Southwest coast of India
July 2013
Present study deals with fish diversity and physico-chemical properties of Manakudy estuary. Thirty-eight (38) species of fin and shell fishes of commercial importance were recorded during the study period (February 2010 to January 2011), higher than that of previous observations. Average fish catch in these estuary ranged from 80 to 280 kg/day, comprising mainly Etroplus suratensis (Pearl...
Seasonal variations in seagrass biomass and productivity in Palk Bay, Bay of Bengal, India
July 2013
Seagrass meadows are valuable habitats having economic and ecological importance in coastal ecosystem. The major seagrass meadows in India exist along the southeast coast of India, particularly in Palk Bay region. The dominant seagrass species of this region was Cymodocea serrulata andSyringodium isoetifolium and these two species were taken for the survey. In this study, a survey was...
Efficacy of chilli Capsicum oleoresin guns usage by local hunters as African elephant repellent from crop raiding in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia
July 2013
Chilli Capsicum oleoresin guns have been utilised by local hunters in Luangwa Valley, Zambia in the recent years as Community Based Conflict Mitigation (CBCM) for human-elephant conflict (HEC) situations. Through use of C. oleoresin guns, transformation of local hunters from elephant poachers to sustainable agriculturalists has been a milestone for conservation efforts. In this study,...
Traditional beliefs and conservation of natural resources: Evidences from selected communities in Delta State, Nigeria
July 2013
The role of traditional beliefs systems in the conservation of natural resources in some selected communities in Delta State, Nigeria, have been studied. Methodology of study involves the use of personal interview, literature review, group discussion, and site visitation carried out by the authors between April 2011 and March 2012. Findings show that traditional natural resources management in the selected...
Fish muscle protein highest source of energy
July 2013
The proximate biochemical composition and seasonal variation in proteins of small indigenous fish species such as Salmostoma sardinella, Cirrinus reba, Garra mullya, Rasbora daniconius andPuntinus conchonius were analyzed. The proximate composition was found to vary among the species. Protein was estimated in S. sardinella (25.64%), C. reba (24.19 %), G....
Application of diversity indices to crustacean community of Wular Lake, Kashmir Himalaya
June 2013
The present work is aimed at comparing the various diversity indices applied to crustacean community assemblages in the Wular Lake during September 2010 to August 2011. In all, 42 taxa were identified, of which 23 were Cladocera, 16 were Copepoda and only 3 were Ostracoda. Different species have different ecological requirements which enable them to thrive well in their ecological niches...
Limnological study on a Samrat Ashok Sagar with special reference to zooplankton population
June 2013
Present investigation has been conducted on Samrat Ashok Sagar (popularly known as Halali reservoir) of Madhya Pradesh with special reference to its zooplankton diversity in relation physico-chemical characteristics. 105 (One hundred and five) zooplankton species were identified from Samrat Ashok Sagar which consisted of Rotifera 43 species (41%), Cladocera 25 species (24%), Protozoa 20 species (19%),...
Multiple usages of forest trees by the tribes of Kalahandi District, Orissa, India
June 2013
Forest trees are the integral part of human society. Forest trees provide both direct and indirect benefits to humans. The number of products provided by trees worldwide is extensive. The wood, bark, leaves, fruits, seeds and roots of trees yield food, fodder, shelter, medicine, fibre, resin, oils and other numerous products used for subsistence of people living in rural and tribal areas. There is a great...
Participatory assessment of grazing scenario in Kumaon Himalaya
June 2013
Livestock is one of the most important and dynamic components of mountain farming systems and their linkage with forest and agro-system are the very basis of sustainability of mountain agriculture. But, livestock economy in the mountain region is suffering a set- back due to poor production, which is mainly contributed by inadequacy of quality fodder and pitiable condition of forests and grazing land. In...
Assessment of fish distribution and biodiversity status in Upper Halda River, Chittagong, Bangladesh
June 2013
The Halda River of Bangladesh has immense importance as it is the only natural spawning ground of major carp fishes. In the present survey, the overall fish distribution and biodiversity from the upper portion of Halda River along with its two tributaries were studied. The sampling stations were Nazirhat Bridge, Sattarghat Bridge and Garduara. Fishes were collected directly from sampling stations two times in...
Woody species diversity and important value indices in dense dry forests in Abdoulaye Wildlife Reserve (Togo, West Africa)
June 2013
Dry forests are seriously under threats, mostly linked to human disturbance. In Togo where continuous deforestation is ongoing, it important to assess woody species diversity that maintain forest structure and functions. In that concern, this study was carried out in Abdoulaye Wildlife Reserve (AWR) with a specific objective to assess woody species diversity. A total of 258 plant species belonging to 119...
Strychnine poisoning in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in the Loliondo game controlled area, Tanzania
June 2013
The retaliatory persecution of large carnivores is a worldwide conservation concern. We report a case of malicious strychnine poisoning of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in the Loliondo Game Controlled Area (LGCA), Tanzania. Eight out of ten individuals (80%) in one of our study packs were poisoned in retaliation for a livestock attack. Samples were collected from the internal organs for toxicological...
Elephant damage and tree response in restored parts of Kibale National Park, Uganda
June 2013
Elephant tree damage is a key factor in conservation and restoration efforts of African rain forests. This study was conducted between June 2009 and February 2010 to examine elephant damage and tree response in restored parts of Kibale National Park, a rain forest in Uganda. First gazetted as Forest Reserve in 1932, the area had its southern block settled and degraded through human utilization between 1970...
Spatial distribution and abundance of selected exploited non-timber forest products in the Takamanda National Park, Cameroon
June 2013
This study investigated the spatial distribution and abundance of selected non-timber forest products (NTFPs) exploited in the Takamanda National Park, Cameroon. The distribution, abundance, encounter rates, species condition, seasonality and human impacts were assessed in the 217 km reconnaissance survey. The most dominant species recorded were Afrostyrax kamerunensis (44%) and Gnetum...
Fish diversity of the River Choto Jamuna, Bangladesh: Present status and conservation needs
June 2013
River Choto Jamuna is an important and well-known river in north-west Bangladesh in terms of fish production and source of income for many fishermen living beside where this study has been conducted from January to December, 2012. This study revealed the existing fish species and their composition along with diversity, richness and evenness indices. A total of 63 species of fishes have been recorded belonging...
Preparation and quality control of a product for seasoning made with the kernels of Ricinodendron heudelotii or “akpi†from Côte d'Ivoire
May 2013
Ricinodendron heudelotii kernels, which are used in food because of their aroma and very pronounced taste, are very popular in Africa, specifically in Côte d'Ivoire. That is why we have developed a solid seasoning product from its kernels. The dough was compacted and molded into small longitudinal shapes in the form of bricks, and slightly dried. The taste of the product was...
Diversity and regeneration status of tree species at Nainital Catchment, Uttarakhand, India
May 2013
The existence of a species in a forest community largely depends on its ability to regenerate under varied environmental conditions. In the present study, effect of biotic disturbance was assessed and analysed on diversity and regeneration of pre-dominant tree species of oak forests. For this, two adjacent sites were selected in mixed oak forest zone (2100 m asl), namely, undisturbed open area (inside...
Water quality and brine shrimp (Artemia sp.) population in Al Wathba Lake, Al Wathba Wetland Reserve, Abu Dhabi Emirate, UAE
May 2013
Al Wathba Lake is located at Al Wathba Wetland Reserve which is located 40 km east of Abu Dhabi Island on the left side of the truck road to Al Ain. The water body extends for approximately 1.5 km in length and 0.5 km in width with a maximum depth of almost two meters (in the period of 2010). Al Wathba Reserve exists primarily because it is supplied with tertiary treated waste water from the Mafraq Waste...
Galling insects associated with Haloxylon spp. (Bunge) in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
May 2013
This article introduces the arthropods that induce galls or are associated with galls in two plant species (Haloxylon persicum and Haloxylon salicornicum) in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. In connection with a baseline survey conducted to establish species knowledge to assess the habitat and diversity of the flora and fauna in proposed Houbara bustard (Chlamydotis (undulata)...
Species richness and diversity of a terrestrial insular environment: serpentine of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa
May 2013
The serpentinite outcrops of the Barberton Greenstone Belt are considered to be amongst the oldest in the world and have been exposed for over 50 million years. Of the 30 large outcrops in eastern Mpumalanga, South Africa, seven were selected for detailed comparison of species richness and diversity with those of surrounding non-serpentine vegetation. Various non-parametric species richness estimators were...
Trends in wildlife conservation practices in Nigeria
April 2013
Civilization and development came with force of manipulations on the habitats of most wildlife so as to meet the needs of man. Urge for propagation and sustainability of wild flora and fauna brought about conservation practices that led to designating particular locations for their keeping. These areas are set aside to maintain functioning natural ecosystems to act as refuge for species and to maintain ecological...
Synanthropic indices and baits preferences of common non-biting flies (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha) of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
April 2013
Non-biting fly surveys in urban, rural, and forested areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, using rotten meat, fish fruits and human faeces, for collection yielded 4290 and 2474 flies from 9 families in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Synanthropic Indices (SI) of 15 species were calculated for the wet season, of which 10 species were positively synanthropic, and five negatively synanthropic to human settlements. In...
Taxonomic revision of genus Hordeum L. (Gramineae) in Egypt
April 2013
This study was conducted to revise the taxonomic identity and clarify inter- and intra-specific relationships among the studied wild and cultivated Hordeum taxa in Egypt. The studied taxa includedHordeum marinum subsp. gussoneanum, H. marinum subsp. marinum, H. Hordeum leporinum,Hordeum glaucum, Hordeum spontaneum and Hordeum vulgare. The results revealed...
Benthic insect diversity in the sewage fed pond of Aligarh Region
April 2013
The paper deals with the study of benthic insect diversity of a sewage fed pond of Aligarh. Although, insects are common components of the benthic communities, their role in the dynamics of the aquatic ecosystem and their contribution to biomass production is not well known. The compostion and abundance of benthic insects are commonly used as bioindicator to determine the impact of water pollution. The present study was...
Diversity and nutritional status of edible insects in Nigeria: A review
April 2013
Information on insects as food in Nigeria was collected by reviewing the literature of what scientists have done locally in the country. A list of 22 edible insect species from six orders were compiled. Of these, 77.3% were Lepidoptera (27.3%), Coleoptera (27.3%), Orthoptera (22.7%) and 22.7% Isoptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera. These insects are rich in protein, vitamins and minerals. Some anti-nutritional factors are...
Varietal diversity and genetic erosion of cultivated yams (Dioscorea cayenensis Poir - D. rotundata Lam complex and D. alata L.) in Togo
April 2013
Yam (Dioscorea cayenensis Poir - Dioscorea rotundata Lam complex; Dioscorea alata L.) is one of the major food crops that significantly contribute to food security and poverty alleviation in Togo. To assess its cultivar diversity and document the performence of existing cultivars vis-à-vis biotic and abiotic factors, 50 villages were randomly selected throughout the country and...
Diversity and distribution of Mollusca in relation to the physico-chemical profile of Gho-Manhasan stream, Jammu (J & K)
April 2013
The present communication is aimed at assessing the molluscan diversity and distribution under the impact of some physico-chemical variables on them in Gho-Manhasan stream (a distributory of Chenab), Jammu (J & K). The study involved bottom sampling for 12 months (June, 2010 to July, 2011) from the banks of the stream and registered a total of 11 taxa of freshwater molluscs from class Gastropoda and Bivalvia...
Rice landraces of Kerala State of India: A documentation
April 2013
Rice landraces of Kerala State of India are named based on cropping season, growing conditions, crop duration, morphological features, color of seed and other specific traits, if any. The collections of landraces of Kerala are classified as rare, very rare and common. A part of these collected accessions have been characterized. DIVA-GIS was used to map the collection site, which showed that the collections...
Indigenous vegetables of Nepal for biodiversity and food security
March 2013
Nepal has great biodiversity, as a result of its extreme variations in altitude, ecology, farming systems and varied socio-cultural settings. In Nepal, about 200 plant species are consumed as vegetables. The aim of paper is to point out existing indigenous vegetables in Nepal and how these are utilized for food security and biodiversity conservation. Indigenous vegetables are considered valuable because of their ability...
Factors affecting the Luangwa (Zambia) hippo population dynamics within its carrying capacity band – Insights for better management
March 2013
This study assessed factors regulating the Luangwa (Zambia) hippo population within the carrying capacity band along the 165 km stretch of the Luangwa River, Eastern Zambia. Objectives of the study were to 1) establish whether the hippo population had reached and remained within the carrying capacity band in the last 32 years, and 2) determine the influence on population size and density distribution of grass biomass...
Estimating suitable environments for invasive plant species across large landscapes: A remote sensing strategy using Landsat 7 ETM+
March 2013
The key to reducing ecological and economic damage caused by invasive plant species is to locate and eradicate new invasions before they threaten native biodiversity and ecological processes. We used Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus imagery to estimate suitable environments for four invasive plants in Big Bend National Park, southwest Texas, using a presence-only modeling approach. Giant reed (Arundo donax),...
A comparison of species richness of the true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) among four desert types in Kazakhstan
March 2013
Kazakh insect fauna and biodiversity, especially in arid regions, are largely unknown. We identified species rich (252 species) Heteroptera assemblages associated with four desert types: sandy, solonchak (salt), clay and stony desert. The sandy desert was most species rich (153), followed by the solonchak desert (101), and clay desert (73). The stony desert was the poorest species (61). We found...
Biodiversity scenario of lower hills of Baikunthpur (Dist.-Koria) Chhattisgarh (India) with special reference to medicinal plants
March 2013
The State of Chhattisgarh has about 44% of its geographical area covered with forests. The Koria District in Chhattisgarh lies between 22°58’ to 23°49’ North latitudes and 81°33’ to 82°45’ East longitude. The average rainfall is 121.36 cm. The forest area is 81.23% of total dist. area. The district Koria has a very rich flora exhibiting diversity specially of medicinal...
The impact of reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) on forest-dependent livelihoods by gender in Tanzania and the role of the institutional framework for equitable benefits
March 2013
Tanzania has been receiving significant funding from donor countries for the implementation of programmes to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD). REDD is seen as an opportunity to enhance conservation and livelihoods. But what is the impact of REDD on gender? This is an area of inquiry that has not been critically looked into. This study was an attempt towards filling this...
Diversity of Collembola (Arthropoda: Hexapoda) across different types of vegetation in Brazil
March 2013
The diversity of Collembola across three forest types was compared on the basis of species richness, abundance and species turnover. The goal of this study was to identify patterns of diversity at local scale in each forest type sample and to compare it at the regional scale. Our results showed that samples taken from the Atlantic Forest had higher α, β and γ diversity than those from Amazon Campinarana...
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