Analysing rainfall and runoff patterns over the Niger River in Mali, West Africa
September 2023
The Niger River plays an important role for all riparian countries, especially Mali because many irrigated areas use this resource for their daily activities. Climate change, leading to a reduction in rainfall, may have a negative impact on the Niger River. Therefore, it is useful for researchers to study this natural resource to address climate risks. The main goal of this current study is to characterize the river...
Characterization of rainfall occurrences using a Markovian approach and artificial neural networks in the Oueme River basin at Savè Outlet in Benin
April 2023
The Oueme basin in Benin, like several other basins in the region, is increasingly affected by floods that have numerous environmental, social, and economic impacts. In this context, it is essential to analyze rainfall occurrence to propose mitigation or adaptation measures for water management. This study analyzes rainfall occurrence over the period 1921 to 2020 in the Oueme River basin at the Savè outlet, using...
The path to investment in water infrastructure in low income and least developed countries: Obstacles and possibilities
January 2023
Rural communities in low-income countries rely on intermittent water supply, defined as access to water for less than 24 h a day. The path to continuous water supply requires electricity as well as water infrastructures, which in turn requires the necessary finance for investment. We show that a sample of 16 Least Developed Countries (as classified by the UN) do not yet meet the minimum conditions necessary to implement...
Modelling daily river discharge using stochastic differential equation in Ouémé at Savè Basin, Benin, West Africa
October 2022
This work aims to study the uncertainties in the rainfall-runoff process using a stochastic approach derived from the deterministic hydrological model based on the least action principle (ModHyPMA). The stochastic formulation of ModHyPMA allows for consideration of both the dynamics and stochastic nature of the hydrological phenomenon. The main assumption is that uncertainties in the hydrological process are...
Investigation of voltage storage capacity for the variation of electrode materials in microbial fuel cells with experimentation and mathematical modelling
October 2022
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are considered as one of the best prospective natural resources to be discovered on the way to reduce the dependence on fossil fuel-based electricity generation. However, low power generations from MFCs, expensive electrode materials, and the inability to scale-ups MFCs to industrially relevant capacities have made the usage of MFC even worse. The utilization of MFCs in the area of...
Assessment of the hygienic quality of groundwater for drinking and domestic use in the peri-urban villages of the municipality of Jacqueville in Côte d'Ivoire
October 2022
The shortages in the distribution of drinking water from the public network in the municipality of Jacqueville lead the population of the peri-urban villages of the said municipality to turn to well water, the quality of which remains a concern. The objective of this study is to evaluate the hygienic quality of well water used by the population for their domestic needs. The measurement and sampling were carried out on...
Climate related risks in Oti I and II rural communities (Northern Togo)
September 2022
In tropical Sudan climate regions, agricultural activities are often affected by increasingly frequent extreme climate events (floods, droughts). With regard to current climate manifestations, this study aimed at assessing agricultural risks in the rural communities of Oti I and II. The analysis of daily, monthly and annual rainfall and temperature data for the period from 1961 to 2020 enabled to identify the risks...
Compositional and contextual factors as mediators in the relationship between incidence of diarrhoea and sources of drinking water in Ghana
September 2022
Globally, diarrhoea is considered as a major threat to human health and remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Several studies have shown that incidence of diarrhoea is influenced by source of drinking water and mediated by some compositional and contextual factors. However, not much is known about how mediating factors interact with source of drinking water to influence incidence of diarrhoea in Ghanaian...
Determinants of the adoption of rainwater harvesting technologies in Kebri-Beyah District, Somali Region, Ethiopia
July 2022
The study was conducted in 2019 in the Eastern Ethiopia Somali region Kebri-beyah district to identify the determinants of the adoption of rainwater harvesting technologies (RWHT) in the district. The study revealed several determinants for the adoption of RWHT in Kebri-Beyah district, among the factors include a level of education, access to finance, training, extension service and approaches which are major...
Historical and projected meteorological droughts in the Beninese Niger River Basin, Benin
April 2022
Droughts are part of extreme meteorological phenomena that generate serious social, economic and environmental consequences. This study seeks to characterize the historical (1976-2019) and projected (2021-2050) meteorological drought in the Niger River Basin in Benin. To achieve this, the present study used daily rainfall observations and simulations of two regional climate models (RCM) (HIRHAM and REMO) from fifteen...
Effect of acidic rainfalls on soil erosion in gypsum formation
March 2022
One of the most important effects of acidic rainfall is on the soil. It can affect other environments such as surface water and groundwater, plants and animals. In this study, to investigate the sensitivity of the runoff and sediment production of Gachsaran Gypsum Formation to acidic rainfalls and its density change, parts of Gypsum Mountain watershed the area in Izeh Township in Khuzestan province was selected with the...
Supplying drinking water to rural households through trickle fill and decentralized cisterns
March 2022
Many rural households do not have access to treated drinking water. However, some households may be in regions where a water treatment plant has excess capacity to supply some additional households. In such circumstances, small diameter low-pressure supply systems can be connected to major transmission lines to give these households access to water. These typically occur in locations that do not belong to recognized...
Hydro-environmental impact of Khor Arbaat Dam, Eastern Sudan
February 2022
To improve water supply services in Port Sudan City (Sudan), a dam with storage capacity of 16 Mm3 was established at the upper gorge of the Khor Arbaat catchment area, which generates runoff that contributes to the sedimentation of the dam at an average rate of about 6% annually. At present (2021), the storage capacity of the dam is reduced by 69% of its original design capacity. Without interventions, the dam is...
Climate compatible development in Ethiopia: A policy review on water resources and disaster risk management of Ethiopia
September 2021
Climate Compatible Development (CCD) is an emerging development approach which seeks to minimize the threat posed by climate change while maximize the opportunities for development. In view of the adverse impact of climate change on the general development of the country, Ethiopia, a number of polices which constitute climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies have been adopted and established. Among such...
Lactic acid from food waste enhances pathogen inactivation and urea stabilization in human urine
September 2021
In areas where conventional sewer systems are not possible, innovative and low-cost methods are needed to get rid of pathogens in human urine. Treatment through acidification is a reliable method. In this study, the effect of fresh cabbage waste, potato peel, and teff flour water as substrate for lactic acid treatment of source-separated urine was investigated. Laboratory scale batch experiments were conducted to...
Assessment of the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of the waters of the quaternary aquifer of the city of Mao in Chad
August 2021
The objective of this work is to characterize the quality of drinking water in the city of Mao and its surroundings. This study is based on 20 water samples collected in the city of Mao and its surroundings between 2018 and 2020. The parameters considered are the physicochemical parameters (pH, T°, Electrical conductivity), major chemistry and bacteriological. The chemical analysis made it possible to highlight...
Estimation of stream discharge of ungauged basins using NRCS-CN and remote sensing methods: A case study of Okhuwan and Okhaihe catchments, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
August 2021
The study aims to utilize the NRCS-CN and remote sensing methods in estimating streamflow of Okhuwan and Okhaihe catchments. Remote sensing data, coupled with GIS techniques were used to estimate seasonal rainfall and streamflow. Measured rainfall data was collected from the Nigerian Meteorological Service, while field measurement of streamflow was carried to generate baseline data. Measured rainfall and streamflow were...
Current methodologies and algorithms used to identify and quantify pollutants in sub-basins: A review
May 2021
Over the past few years, water quality has been threatened and is vulnerable to various pollutants and climate variables. The deteriorating state of water resources/bodies has been further exacerbated by the impacts of climate change patterns in Southern Africa. Therefore, modelling and predicting the quality of water in sub-basins has become important in controlling water pollution. Remote sensing techniques gained...
Water supply interruptions in Umzinto Water System: Ugu District, South Africa
April 2021
The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa states that all citizens have a right to access adequate food and water. However, water services provision has remained one of the biggest challenges faced by most municipalities. The Umzinto water supply system under the auspices of the Ugu District Municipality (Ugu DM) was selected as the study area to evaluate the water supply interruption frequency. Data range for...
Intensity duration frequency relationship of maximum rainfall in a data scarce urbanized environment: A case study of the Guma Catchment in Sierra Leone
April 2021
Rainfall intensity for a particular frequency and duration is one of the most important parameter for the hydrologic design of dam, reservoirs, storm sewers, culverts and many other hydraulic structures. This can be obtained from Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) relationship, which is determined by frequency analysis of rainfall data. The goal of this research is to develop rainfall intensity-duration frequency...
Influence of a quasi-delegated management framework on sustainable distribution of quality drinking water in Umoja Innercore Estate, Nairobi
April 2021
Managing drinking water in its distribution pathways is one of the main indicators of the quality of service provided to the consumer. Its quality management is important since human health and livelihoods depend on adequate, clean, reliable water supplies. Unfortunately, this is not true to many neighborhoods in developing countries and the quality of water distributed in Umoja Innercore is no exemption. This research...
Potential of Moringa oleifera seeds and fuel wood ash as adsorbent of dye and organic matter in wastewater from batik producing enterprises
April 2021
Treatment of effluents from batik producing enterprises to removal dyes and other impurities is inevitable as these enterprises are becoming ubiquitous in many cities in Tanzania. Wastewater from batik production processes are discharged haphazardly without treatment. In this study, preliminary results on adsorption potential of defatted Moringa oleifera crude seed extract (DMOCSE) and fuel wood ash (FWA) for dye and...
City scale water audit of a pilgrimage town in South India
March 2021
The water need of a religious pilgrimage town in South India would typically be much larger than a regular town where religious pilgrims and ritual activities do not add to the water burden of the municipality. To understand this added water burden, a city scale audit was carried out to estimate the water supply, demand and deficit at Guruvayoor, which is a pilgrimage town in South...
Water quality assessment of Ntawogba Stream in Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria
March 2021
Ntawogba stream is one of the natural water bodies that drain the marshy swamp forest water from Port Harcourt municipality into Amadi Creek which empties into the Bonny estuary. Water quality assessment was carried out for three consecutive months (July - September) across three sampling points (upstream, midstream, and downstream). The physical parameters pH, temperature, EC, and turbidity were measured in-situ. The...
Impacts and uncertainties of climate change on stream flow of the Bilate River (Ethiopia), using a CMIP5 general circulation models ensemble
February 2021
The impact and uncertainty of climate change on stream flow of the Bilate River Watershed was assessed. Ensemble of 20 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) general circulation models (GCMs) under two Representative Concentration Pathways and six GCM structures were selected to form 24 future climate scenarios for the watershed. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was selected to simulate stream...
Assessment of soil and water characteristics and land cover changes along the Tigris River in Baghdad
February 2021
Land cover changes impact the soil and water quality which are critical for environmental and human health. The goal of this study is to evaluate whether the land cover change along the Tigris River, one of the largest rivers in the Middle East, is causing any heavy metal contamination. The objectives of this study were: (1) To analyze the metal concentrations in the water and soil samples along the Tigris River and (2)...
Indigenous knowledge assessment on irrigation water management practices at Western Showa Zone, Ethiopia
February 2021
Farmers practices in irrigation water management mostly from indigenous knowledge but the potential of such knowledge is not much understood in terms of irrigation water management in West Showa. Therefore, this study was carried out based on the objective to identify the indigenous knowledge on irrigation water management of the West Showa. The survey was conducted at West Shoa Zone, Dandi, Ambo, Toke Kutaye, Liban...
Statistical downscaling (Delta method) of precipitation and temperature for Bilate watershed, Ethiopia
January 2021
It is important to investigate potential changes in temperature and precipitation for assessing the impacts of future climate change on agricultural production for specific regions. In this study, climate scenarios of precipitation and temperature for the bilate watershed were generated. Statistical downscaling techniques of the Delta method analysis protocol of the Agricultural Intercomparison and Improvement...
Raw, activated and modified biosorbents for the speciation of C. I. acid red 2 from aqueous solutions: An adsorption study
January 2021
Adsorptive removal of C. I. Acid Red 2 dye in the aqueous solution has been carried out on the various surfaces. This study describes the comparative adsorption of dye using mustard cakes (MC), sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) and leaves of water hyacinth (WH) in different forms. The effects of initial adsorbate concentration, contact time, adsorbent dosage, temperature and pH of the medium on the adsorption of C. I. Acid...
Flood frequency analysis of River Niger at Lokoja, Kogi State using Log-Pearson Type III distribution
January 2021
This study applied Log-Pearson Type III probability distribution to model time series annual peak flow records of River Niger recorded at Lokoja gauging station. This was necessitated by the need to provide reliable data for safe and economic hydrologic design for security of lives and property at downstream of river Niger basin. Though several methods have been adopted in the study area for flood mitigation, however,...
Impact of land use/land cover change on hydrologic processes in Dijo watershed, central rift valley, Ethiopia
January 2021
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of land use / land cover changes on the hydrological process in the central valley basin of Ethiopia, from 1985 to 2018 and evaluate historical land use/land cover change using satellite image. Satellite images were classified by supervised classification technique with maximum likelihood. SWAT model were used to simulate hydrological processes in the watershed. The result...
Dynamics of microbial communities in co-digestion of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) with ruminal slaughterhouse waste under mesophilic conditions
November 2020
Co-digestion of water hyacinth (WH) (E. crassipes) with ruminal slaughterhouse waste (RSW) has the potential for improving biogas production by complementing process parameters. This study evaluated microbial communities in co-digestion of WH with RSW at 32ËšC by isolation, phenotype analysis, DNA extraction and PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA genes. Digestion of WH and RSW separately exhibited lag times of 5 to 20...
Estimation of Mg, Cd, and Ni levels in urban waterfront using one-dimensional transport model
October 2020
Accurate quantification of heavy metals is essential for optimizing remedial efforts at polluted waterfronts. Although surface water quality models can be helpful tools for rapid quantification of heavy metals in streams, they cannot be extrapolated to other water bodies. This study estimated Mg, Cd, and Ni levels in one of the polluted urban waterfronts in the Niger Delta Province, Nigeria (5.317°N, 6.467°E)...
The need for integrated flood management approach from social, economic and environmental perspectives: The case of Upper Awash River Basin
September 2020
Flooding has been a critical problem in our globe causing huge damage on human lives as well as socio-economic and environmental assets. The upper Awash river basin in Ethiopia, which is the target of this study, is one such region that is affected by recurrent flooding. Thus, there is a need to develop appropriate and sustainable management mechanisms to mitigate flood impacts. An integrated flood management approach...
Influence of bed roughness on near-bed turbulent flow characteristics
July 2020
Influence of bed roughness on near-bed flow characteristics is of considerable importance, especially in turbulent flows over rough beds. This experimental study is devoted to insight various turbulent flow characteristics such as velocity distributions, Reynolds shear stresses (RSS) and velocity power spectra at the groove, lee and crest level of carrier fluid in an immobile gravel bed stream. Uniform round shape...
Watershed delineation and morphometric analysis using remote sensing and GIS mapping techniques in Qena-Safaga-Bir Queh, Central Eastern Desert
May 2020
The development of drainage basins to raise aquifer potentiality is considering the major target in Qena-Safaga-Bir Queh (central Eastern Desert). It is attributed to drought, scarce groundwater resource, expansion of agriculture, growth population, infrastructures, and civilization. Geological, hydrogeological, and morphometric information is used to prepare the drainage development plan and strategy. The morphometric...
Probability functions of road failures in a typical basement complex region, South-western Nigeria: A case study of Akure - Oba Ile Airport Road
April 2020
In this study, effort has been made to achieve a comprehensive geophysical investigation on immediate and remote causes of structural/foundation failures, specifically highway(s) within the southwestern basement complex region of Nigeria. Geophysical survey involves the use of Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic method (VLF-EM) which was complemented with electrical resistivity method using two techniques; 2D Electrical...
Post drilling investigation for prolific groundwater aquifer using geoelectric logging at Nigeria LNG base, Port Harcourt
March 2020
Post-drilling investigation for prolific groundwater aquifer was conducted in a well at the Nigeria LNG Base, Port Harcourt using geoelectric logging. Resistivity (Short Normal and Long Normal) and Self-Potential (SP) logs were employed. Two zones (A and B) were tested to determine the porosity (ɸ), permeability (k) and the total dissolved solids (TDS) in the aquifer. Results show that the inferred lithology in the...
Estimate of bed load transport and scour depth in Kwadna watershed in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
November 2019
Knowledge of sediment transport has been used to determine whether erosion or deposition will occur beneath the hydraulic structures, especially the magnitude of this erosion or deposition, and the time and distance over which it will occur. This paper, utilizes the stream gauging by wading method in estimating the bed load transport and scour depth in Kwadna Basin. The estimate of bed load transport enhances the...
Spatial and temporal fluctuation of groundwater depth in Amibara, middle Awash, Ethiopia
November 2019
Soil salinity is a threat for agriculture under irrigation as it affects the growth and development of plants and the problem is widespread in middle Awash where Amibara irrigated farms are present. Therefore, Measurements of groundwater depth were taken from thirty piezometers in the months of August, September, October, November and December to investigate spatial variability and temporal fluctuation of...
Geographic Information System (GIS) based soil loss estimation using Universal Soil Loss Equation Model (USLE) for soil conservation planning in Karesa Watershed, Dawuro Zone, South West Ethiopia
October 2019
Soil erosion is the most challenging and continuous environmental problems resulting in both on-site and off-site effects in the world particularly in Ethiopia. Karesa watershed is one of the most erosion-prone watersheds which received little soil conservation attention. This study was conducted to estimate average annual soil loss rate using Geographic Information System and Universal Soil Loss Equation Model adapted...
Enhancing the adsorption of Pb(II) and Fe(II) in the reactor by the thermally treated alluvial clay from Far North Cameroon
August 2019
The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of the thermal treatment of alluvial clay on the ad-sorption capacity of Pb(II) and Fe(II) to reduce clogging during adsorption phenomenon. The chemical, X- ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy...
Finite difference method to design sustainable infiltration based stormwater management system
July 2019
Infiltration based stormwater best management practices bring considerable economic, social and ecological benefits. Controlling stormwater quantity and quality are primarily important to prevent urban flooding and minimizing loads of pollutants to the receiving waters. However, there have been growing concerns about how the traditional design approach contributes to the failure of infiltration based BMP’s that...
Evaluation of the current water quality of Lake Hawassa, Ethiopia
July 2019
The research aimed to evaluate the current wáter quality of Lake Hawassa in order to identify potential pollution sources and suggest appropriate measures. Physico-chemical water quality parameters have been determined by taking duplicate samples from seven sampling sites and the results were compared with WHO and FAO standards. The findings of the study revealed that the concentration of metals such as manganese...
Evaluation of sand-dam water quality and its suitability for domestic use in arid and semi-arid environments: A case study of Kitui-West Sub-County, Kenya
June 2019
Sand dams are one of the most successful rainwater harvesting methods, adopted in most of arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) of Kenya to secure domestic water supply and micro-irrigation. Their ability to maintain acceptable water quality, under extreme climatic conditions of recurrent drought and floods, is therefore of paramount public health concern as various pollutants find easily their way into them. This study...
Prototype of a control system for trickle irrigation systems considering distributors’ flow rate variation
May 2019
A prototype of a real-time closed loop automatic control system has been successfully developed to suit trickle irrigation systems management. The control system was designed to manage the irrigation system based on collecting data through soil moisture sensors located at three different locations acting each third of the lateral to put the effect of emitters’ flow rate variation along laterals on soil moisture...
Efficiency of empirical methods for reference evapotranspiration estimation in the district of Vilankulo, Mozambique
April 2019
Precise quantification of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is crucial for calculating crop water demand. Eight empirical methods based on temperature and six on solar radiation were evaluated against Penman-Monteith FAO 56 method based on: Mean Bias Error (MBE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Willmott coefficient (“d”), determination coefficient (R2) and the Student’s t-test. The meteorological data...
Design, fabrication and evaluation of bio-digester for generating bio-gas and bio-fertiliser for Auchi polytechnic demonstration farm
April 2019
A 4000 L bio-digester was designed and fabricated using 5 mm mild steel plate with the main purpose of generating biogas and bio-fertiliser for Auchi Polytechnic Demonstration Farm. To achieve this, a varying ratio of 1.155 m3: 2.310 m3 mixtures of cow dung and water were anaerobically digested in the batch digester. The experiment lasted for 33 days during which the quantity of gas generated were evaluated. The volume...
Comparative study of physico-chemical parameters with national and international standard and the insect community of Erelu Reservoir in Oyo town, Oyo State, Nigeria
March 2019
Assessment of water bodies is very crucial to determine its quality and proffer solution before it has an adverse impact on its biota and direct users of the water body. Insect communities and physico-chemical parameters in comparison with national and international criteria of Erelu Reservoir were investigated to determine their impacts on insect community of the reservoir. Water and insect macro-invertebrates sampling...
Detection of hydrological impacts of climate change in Benin by a multifractal approach
February 2019
This study analyzed the hydrological impacts of climate change over Bénin synoptic stations from 1951 to 2010 using multifractal approach. This method is based on the study of temporal evolution of fractal dimension (D_f), multifractality index (α), co-dimension (C_1) and probable maximum singularity (γ_s). The comparison of the average values of yearly fractal dimension ((D_f)) Ì… obtained over the...
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