A study of physico-chemical characteristics of three fresh water springs of Kashmir Himalaya, India
June 2013
The present study was carried out on the physico-chemical analysis of three fresh water springs in district Pulwama of Kashmir Valley viz: Sandyasar naag (Ladhu), Batenaag (Khrew) and Sonaraaz naag (Shar).The samples were collected on monthly basis from January to June 2011. The various parameters were analyzed after APHA (1992) and Gupta (2004). The determined values of the three springs depicted slight...
Neotectonic belts, remote sensing and groundwater potentials in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
June 2013
The Eastern Cape Province is surrounded by three major neotectonic belts (south, east and north). Each one of these neotectonic belts has its own particularities. This study aims at characterizing and targeting potentially high yield aquifers in the neotectonic zones in the Eastern Cape Province. The methods used in this study include a comprehensive literature review, examination of digital elevation models and...
Satellite remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) to assess changes in the water level in the Duhok dam
June 2013
The use of satellite remote sensing (RS) has salient progress in water budget calculation and it performs in watershed management. An RS technique can properly enhance hydrogeologic surveys. Moreover, to have an intimate understanding of the changes in water level fluctuations, it is also important to relate them to the surrounding eomorphic, structural, climatic and geologic factors. This research serves...
Influence of potable water in the characterization of habitat in African Sub-Saharan countries: Application to Cameroon
May 2013
By reason of its necessity, habitat is a fundamental index in the description of the standard of living in a society. This habitat has at the center of its design and function water for consumption and sanitation. The procurement of these two essential elements for life is still a problem in Africa, particularly in Sub- Saharan Africa. Every scheme relevant to the raising of the standard of living of the...
Topology optimization method for materials zoning of a concrete face rockfill dam
May 2013
For finding a reasonable layout of the fill materials in the dam body of a concrete face rockfill dam (CFRD), a new algorithm is proposed based on continuum topology optimization. In the present approach, the materials in dam are classified into several materials with different moduli and each material has a material number (an integer) according to the value of modulus. Material with higher modulus has a...
Simulation of interaction of side weir overflows with bed-load transport and bed morphology in a channel (SSIIM2.0)
May 2013
To describe the complexity of flows accurately around side spillways, a 3D numerical flow model has been tested. In this study 3D numerical model SSIIM2.0 is used to simulate unsteady flows in side spillways in a schematic test channel. Side channel spillways are one of the types of outlet works at dams with wide applications in irrigation, drainage systems, in water and wastewater facilities....
Mud rotary drilling in Southern Nigeria: Potential adverse effects of its by-products on the environment
May 2013
Boreholes are the major sources of potable water for households, communities, institutions and industries in Nigeria and the number of these boreholes continues to rise and does not show any sign of abatement. Among the current methods used for drilling boreholes, mud rotary drilling has been consistently chosen due to its low cost and efficient operation. However, no attempt has been made to assess the...
Water quality assessment of a wastewater treatment plant in a Ghanaian Beverage Industry
May 2013
The research is aimed at assessing the performance of the wastewater (excluding sewage) treatment plant in a Ghanaian beverage industry. Sixteen (16) water quality parameters were analyzed by collecting influent and effluent wastewater samples of the treatment plant for a year and their average values were compared with EPA (Ghana) guidelines for beverage industries discharging into water bodies. Most of the...
Stratigraphic mapping of subsurface structures and groundwater potentials from electrical resistivity soundings in Onicha Olona, Atuma Iga and Akwukwu-Igbo, Delta State Nigeria
May 2013
Onicha Olona, Atuma Iga and Akwukwu-Igbo have experienced severe hardship in getting reliable boreholes over many years due to their high topography. They are transition towns as it is from here that marked variations in subsurface structures and topography commence. Although the entry point at onicha Olona which is tied to Issele Uku is a flat land by contouring, the western end of the town has evidence of...
Water resources utilization in Yenagoa, Central Niger Delta: Environmental and health implications
April 2013
This study examined the groundwater in relation to the surface water quality analysis in Yenagoa Local Government Area (LGA), Bayelsa State, Central Niger Delta. Groundwater samples were collected from the boreholes in the randomly selected communities namely Igbogene, Akenfa, Edepie, Swali, Biogbolo and Amarata and surface water samples from a point in Epie Creek that flows through the selected...
Study on the effects of vegetation density in reducing bed shear stress on the downstream slope of earthen embankment
April 2013
River bank, coastal erosion and embankment failures are endemic and recurrent natural hazards, causing loss of lands and livelihoods along major rivers and coastlines. Overflow is the most damaging factor for earthen embankments on the downstream (d/s) slope due to the erosion of surface material which is caused by the high bed shear stress and supercritical flow over the entire d/s slope. Vegetation planted...
Assessment of pollution levels of groundwater in parts of Imo River Basin, South Eastern Nigeria
April 2013
Twenty five samples of groundwater were obtained from various boreholes in the study area and subjected to physico-chemical analysis using standard laboratory techniques. The study was aimed at the assessment of the pollution status of the groundwater supply in parts of Imo River Basin and its environs using some pollution indications namely: electrical conductivity, phosphate (PO4), total dissolved solids...
Geo-spatial technology based study on climate change impact and stewardship for rural India: A pragmatic approach for comprehensive groundwater resource mapping and management
April 2013
Climate change may influence hydrogeological processes and groundwater resources directly and indirectly in various modes. Therefore, a systematic planning, management and adaption are challenging task. Considering the importance of climate change impact, the study was to identify the sustainable Groundwater (GW) / Drinking Water (DW) resources potential zones, suitable locations for GW harvesting structures,...
Assessment of water quality of Betwa River, Madhya Pradesh, India
April 2013
The present paper deals with the monthly interval variation of physico-chemical characteristics of River Betwa during October 2011 to August 2012. Five major sampling station (10 sites) were selected: station- I Jhirri (1 to 2 sites), station- II Nayapura (3 to 4 sites), station- III Mandideep (5 to 6 sites), station- IV Bhojpur (7 to 8 sites) and station- V Vidisha (9 to 10 sites). Various...
Housing typology in the forecast of demand for drinking water in developing country towns and cities: Application to Yaoundé - Cameroon
April 2013
The lack of mastery of housing problems in developing countries causes difficulties in the forecasting of the demand for potable water, which in turn causes waste and high cost of water. We modeled the forecasting of the demand for potable water in a city, taking into account the housing typology. The latter depends on parameters such as: household income, size of households, price of water, annual rainfall...
Physico-chemical and Escherichia coli assessment of selected sachet water produced in some areas of Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
March 2013
Access to good quality drinking water in Minna and, indeed, other parts of Niger State is one of the biggest challenges to many households which have, for years, depended on other sources of water to augment the erratic supply made by the government. In an effort to ensure adequate supply, packaged water has been introduced to provide safe, hygienic and affordable drinking water. However, trends have...
Study of specific power input and mass transfer coefficient in aeration of volatile organic compounds
March 2013
The aeration of volatile organic compounds (VOC) is based on the mass transfer rate of VOCs from the liquid phase to the gaseous phase. Principle of air stripping involves the mass transfer of volatile organic contaminant from water to air. The system can be easily upgraded to strip greater amount of VOCs with relatively small increase in capital cost. Aeration tanks strip volatile compounds by bubbling air...
Integration of HEC-RAS and geographical information system (GIS) in the hydrological study of peak flow response to deforestation on a small watershed in Malaysia
March 2013
Land use change is one of the most serious environmental and hydrological problems nowadays. It has become a global issue including Malaysia due to the greenhouse effect. Land use changes cause a significant adjustment of the hydrological balance of a watershed mainly by eliminating evapotranspiration, redistributing and modifying the amount of rainfall that reach the ground. A 20 years historical data were...
Validating the Soil Conservation Service triangular unit hydrograph (SCS-TUH) model in estimating runoff peak discharge of a catchment in Masvingo, Zimbabwe
March 2013
The knowledge of runoff discharged by a catchment at its outlet is important for water accounting and water allocation to competing uses. Runoff generated by a catchment is important in determining the catchment water balance, estimating pollutant loads, and quantifying sediment yield and delivery ratio. The Soil Conservation Service triangular unit hydrograph (SCS-TUH) model was used in this study to...
Atmospheric pollution from the major mobile telecommunication companies in Tanzania
March 2013
Air pollution from five mobile telephone companies in Tanzania was investigated. Results show maximum noise level of 83 dB and a minimum of 61.4 dB, above a permissible 45 dB. Concentrations of NOx ranged from 0.135 mg/m3(NO) to 0.18 mg/m3(NO2), above a permissible level of 250 mg/m3. The applied Gaussian model estimated the contribution of the BS generators to the atmosphere, to be between 0.0006...
Evaluation of ground water quality in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh using remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS)
February 2013
Lucknow being capital city of most poapulated state of India is facing tremendous population pressure. This has led to overexploitation of natural resources and among them water is most valuable natural resource essential for human survival and ecosystem. This study monitors ground water quality, relating it to land use/land cover and habitation mask of different water quality parameters are prepared by...
Use of multivariate statistical and geographic information system (GIS)-based approach to evaluate ground water quality in the irrigated plain of Tadla (Morocco)
February 2013
Twenty five chemical, physical and bacteriological features of water samples from 25 wells were analyzed by multivariate statistical tools to provide the characterization of the ground water distribution in the basin of Tadla province (Morocco). The 25 parameters determined include: temperature, pH, conductivity, IP (permanganate index), dry residue (RS), total hardness, total iron (FeT), several...
Predicting sediment concentration upstream of sandbags in gullies: Modeling and analysis
February 2013
The study was aimed at optimization of the use of sandbags in controlling gully erosion through the application of principles of hydrodynamics. Field studies were carried out in an artificial channel excavated on the catchment of Otamiri River at Federal University of Technology, Owerri. Artificial runoff was simulated into the channel by pumping water from Otamiri River. Sandbags of various patterns and...
Cost differentials and scale for newer water treatment technologies
February 2013
Although a number of jurisdictions in Europe have abandoned chlorine as a disinfectant, most water utilities with conventional water treatment plants in North America seem to rely on chlorine for disinfection. However there are a number of newer treatment technologies that offer advantages and appear to be cost effective at a number of scales. It is the objective of this paper to consider 5 newer treatment...
Design of a waste management model using integrated solid waste management: A case of Bulawayo City Council
February 2013
The purpose of this research paper was to design a waste management model for Bulawayo City Council (BCC) based on integrated solid waste management system. The increasing solid waste generation in the city of Bulawayo is evidenced by increased number of illegal dumping of waste in the urban communities. In this paper, a model that identifies cost-effective and efficient combinations of scientific and...
Irrigated agricultural production and poverty reduction in Northen Ghana: A case study of the Tono Irrigation Scheme in the Kassena Nankana District
February 2013
Irrigated agriculture offers opportunities for greater livelihoods security and poverty reduction in northern Ghana where climatic conditions do not allow for an all-year-around agricultural production. It is the knowledge gap as regards the contribution of existing irrigation facilities in the area that occasioned the case study of the Tono irrigation scheme in the Kassena-Nankana District. The investigation...
Groundwater management using a new coupled model of flow analytical solution and particle swarm optimization
January 2013
In this research, a steady state analytical solution is suggested and derived for the groundwater flow equation in a homogeneous unconfined aquifer. The solution can be used for calculating the hydraulic heads in a complex flow field caused by multi injection-pumping wells having different rates in a domain subjected to a uniform recharge. The analytical method, used for flow simulation, is coupled with the...
Geoelectric evaluation of groundwater prospect within Zion Estate, Akure, Southwest, Nigeria
January 2013
Electrical Resistivity method involving Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) have been used to evaluate the groundwater potential and aquifer protective capacity of the overburden units within Zion Estate area. Sixty-eight Vertical Electrical Soundings were carried out using Schlumberger configuration with AB/2 varying from 1 to 65 m. The generated geoelectric section from the interpretation of the sounding...
Surface water quality and risk assessment in the vicinity of Sylhet City
January 2013
This paper is aimed to determine the surface water quality in an around Sylhet City. We used surface water for our keen purpose. Surface water as well as ground water has been contaminated by humans. Nowadays, water pollution is a major global problem which requires ongoing evaluation and revision of water resource policy at all levels. In addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing...
Assessment of water quality in Noyyal River through water quality index
January 2013
Assessment of water quality in Noyyal River from 20/12/2010 to 27/12/2011 was carried out in this study. Water samples were collected from the Noyyal River at a stretch of 3800 m. The sampling locations have been fixed at every 50 m. The parameters were estimated such as dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, Temperature, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), Sulphate, Chloride,...
Mineralogy and physico-chemical properties of alluvial clays from far-north region of Cameroon: A tool for an environmental problem
January 2013
In a view to evaluate their potential use as adsorbent for wastewater treatment, the mineralogical and physico-chemical properties of alluvial clays from far north region of Cameroon has been determined. Chemical, X- ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the...
Assessment of health risks associated with wastewater irrigation in Yola Adamawa State, Nigeria
January 2013
In a view to evaluate their potential use as adsorbent for wastewater treatment, the mineralogical and physico-chemical properties of alluvial clays from far north region of Cameroon has been determined. Chemical, X- ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the...
Flow and contaminant transport simulations of the Solimões River using three depth-averaged two-equation closure turbulence models
December 2012
This paper reports a numerical simulation in the Amazon water system, aiming to develop a quasi-3D numerical tool for refinedly modeling turbulent flows and passive mass transport phenomena in natural waters. Three depth-averaged two-equation closure turbulence models, - , - , and - , were used to close the non-simplified quasi three-dimensional hydrodynamic fundamental governing equations. The...
Groundwater quality and pollution potential studies around Baikunthpur Area, Rewa District, Madhya Pradesh, India
December 2012
Hydrogeochemical investigations were carried out in Baikunthpur Area Rewa District Madhya Pradesh. In the study area, Rewa shale and Rewa sandstone of Vindhyan Supergroup are exposed. The groundwater samples were collected from 30 locations during post monsoon season of 2010 and analysed for major cations and anions. The study reveals that groundwater of the area is generally moderately hard to very hard, normal...
Evaluation of hydrogeological properties of fractured granitic aquifer in a micro watershed of Kandukuru -Southern India
December 2012
Aquifer performance tests were conducted in a fractured granitic bedrock aquifer to determine the well performance and hydraulic characteristics of bore wells in a micro watershed of Kandukuru from Southern India. The long duration pump tests under constant rate conditions (ranges: 216-363 m3/day) were conducted independently at 6 bore wells to examine the variations in transmissivity. Different analytical methods were...
Coupling agricultural non-point source (AgNPS) model and geographic information system (GIS) tools to predict peak runoff and sediment generation in the upper River Njoro catchment in Kenya
December 2012
Human interference in the upper River Njoro catchment has led to the increased exposure of the land to accelerated erosion. An application that combined the capabilities of remote sensing, geographic information system (GIS) and agricultural non-point source (AgNPS) model was used to estimate peak runoff rate and sediment yield from the upper River Njoro catchment. Remotely sensed Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images...
Water quality assessment of Ruguti River in Meru South, Kenya
December 2012
Physicochemical and microbiological analyses were carried out on water and sediment samples from Ruguti River in Meru South, to ascertain the water quality. The mean of the results obtained were compared with WHO (2011) standards for drinking water .The physicochemical parameters such as temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, total hardness, sulphates, chlorides, fluorides were...
Rainwater harvesting assessment for a small size urban area in Jordan
December 2012
Jordan is currently one of the world’s four poorest nations in water resources. Rainfall harvesting from rooftops, roads, and parking lots can increase the water supply for various uses and help combat the chronic water shortage in Jordan. This work aimed at evaluating the potential for potable and non-potable water savings by using rainwater at Yarmouk University and to provide recommendations for increasing...
Development of monsoon model for long range forecast rainfall explored for Anand (Gujarat-India)
November 2012
Rainfall plays an important role in agricultural production. It has a profound influence on the growth, development and yields of a crop, incidence of pests and diseases, water needs and fertilizer requirements in terms of differences in nutrient mobilization due to water stresses and timeliness and effectiveness of prophylactic and cultural operations on crops. Occurrences of erratic rainfall are beyond human control....
Rainwater harvesting potential in Central Niger Delta
November 2012
The three major sources of water are easily accessible in the Central Niger Delta area. The tributaries of the River Niger form a complex network of rivers, streams and lakes; groundwater is available at relatively shallow depths for abstraction; and rainfall lasts for about 9 months and varies from about 3500 to 2000 mm per annum. On relatively sophisticated water supply systems, groundwater is the most exploited but...
Messinian salinity crisis impact on the groundwater quality in Kert aquifer NE Morocco: Hydrochemical and statistical approaches
November 2012
Groundwater’s studies at middle Kert aquifer in northeast of Morocco are very important due to the semi-arid character and its geological history. The region is recognized by messinian salinity crisis already 5.6 Ma. Water chemistry is mainly dominated by dissolution of evaporate rocks (Halite and Gypsum) related to outcropping and basement limits developed in Messinian age. Freshwater with total dissolved solids...
Sustainable water supply from boreholes in neighborhood communities besieged by off-campus students
November 2012
Problems of water supply in four neighborhood communities housing Federal University of Technology Owerri (FUTO) and Federal Polytechnic Nekede (POLYNEK) off-campus students have been investigated. The four communities are Ihiagwa, Eziobodo, Nekede and Obinze all in Owerri west county of Imo state, Nigeria. The communities and the larger population of off-campus students are in dare need of portable and sustainable...
Physiochemical evaluation of the drinking water sources from district Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
October 2012
Safe drinking water is a high priority issue for safeguarding health and well-being of humans all over the world. Both in the urban and rural areas of Pakistan, the quality of drinking water are not being managed properly. Results of various studies provide evidence that most of the drinking-water supplies are physiochemically contaminated. In this study, a detailed investigation of the drinking water sources...
Analysis of quality of water at Kintampo, Ghana
October 2012
The aim and purpose of this research work was to ascertain the seasonal variations in water quality at Kintampo. Thirty out of 200 hand-dug wells were random selected for the study. Three mechanized boreholes and treated water from the township supply system (34 sampling points) were also selected. The sampling was carried out on 15th October 2008, 20th December 2008, and 14th February 2009. Fifteen parameters analysed...
Assessment of water resource allocation policies based on the principle of comparative advantage and a policy analysis matrix: A case study of Hamedan-Bahar Plain
September 2012
Comparative advantages of agricultural products were evaluated using the policy analysis matrix (PAM), to determine the combination of products according to market and shadow prices. Based on these evaluations, maximum amount for import virtual water was identified. Results showed that optimum cropping pattern in term of maximizing social benefits not only had the highest amount of benefits - 29160 USD but it also...
Assessment of borehole water quality in Yola-Jimeta Metropolis, Nigeria
September 2012
This study investigates the chemical concentration of borehole water in Yola-Jimeta Metropolis so as to assess their suitability for domestic use. Water samples were collected from twenty-two boreholes, one sample from each of the twenty-two administrative wards (Wards are the lowest political units in Nigeria) in the metropolis. Samples were analyzed in the laboratory using standard guideline procedures suggested by...
Effect of groin geometry on scouring of sandy river beds having 180° Bend
September 2012
Groins are commonly used at the river bends for controlling erosion along the banks and protecting the adjacent infrastructure. Groins are designed to divert river flows towards its axis, thus reducing stream pressures leading to enhanced protection of river banks. The new flow pattern, however, entails the inherent risk of disturbing the established river regime leading to scouring around the groin. This research was...
Development, utilization and statistical evaluation of Hardy Cross pipe network analysis softwares
August 2012
Pipe network analysis is an essential aspect in the design of water distribution networks. The Hardy Cross method is one of the methods commonly employed in pipe network analysis. Two softwares are developed using the Hardy Cross method for analysis of flow in pipe networks based on FORTRAN and Visual BASIC (VB) programming languages. HARDY CROSS1 (FORTRAN-based) and PNET Expert (VB-based) are proposed. They differ only...
Water-supply augmentation options in water-scarce countries
August 2012
Growing demand for water resources due to increased population and improved living standards, have prompted public agencies and others in the Fertile Crescent (FC), a semi-arid region, to seek better ways to manage water. This paper discusses water supply-augmentation options (e.g., desalination, water importing, wastewater treatment, recycling, water conservation, reducing evapotranspiration and storage) to alleviate...
Assessment of atmospheric moisture using hygroscopic salts in dry-and-wet climate of Nigeria
August 2012
Atmospheric moisture content plays an important role in climate changes studies. Atmospheric moisture content was determined using four different hygroscopic salts, viz Sodium chloride (NaCl), Potassium chloride (KCl), Zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) and Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) salts and hygrometer. Evaluation of different hygroscopic salts for the determination of humidity was based on the ability of the salts to absorb...
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