Ecofriendly management of mixed coconut oil cake waste for lipase production by marine Streptomyces indiaensis and utilization as detergent additive
August 2012
The utilization of agro waste for the production of lipase enzyme was one of the ecofriendly methods for the management of waste. From 34 actinomycetes strains screened from sediments of Tiruchendhur coastal areas of Tamil Nadu, India, 26 strains exhibited lipase activity. The marine actinomycete strain MAC 7 was used for the production of extracellular lipase by using mixed coconut oil cake waste as substrate. The...
Quality assessment of traditional water resources in Khamis Mushait City, Abha Metropolitan, Assir Province, Saudi Arabia
July 2012
The physical and chemical quality within traditional water resources of Khamis Mushait City, Saudi Arabia, that are being used for various urban purposes were assessed to explore consistency. The network sampling and cross-sectional techniques were implemented. Google earth digital satellite map of the study area was used as a master map for sampling. A total of 66 water samples were collected randomly from surface and...
Impact of land use activities on Subin and Aboabo Rivers in Kumasi Metropolis
July 2012
Water resources have come under a lot of threat in recent years from human activities especially in the urban environment as their protection seem to be neglected not only by the populace but also the responsible institutions as well. Within this context, study seeks to address the issues of compatibility of land uses with water bodies. Sample size of 90 activity units selected at 90% confidence level and a margin of...
Groundwater: Characteristics, qualities, pollutions and treatments: An overview
June 2012
This review considered groundwater resources, its characteristics, qualities, pollutions and available treatments. Groundwater refers to all the water occupying the voids, pores and fissures within geological formations, which originated from atmospheric precipitation either directly by rainfall infiltration or indirectly from rivers, lakes or canals. The chemical, physical and bacterial characteristics of...
Modeling the generation of domestic waste for supporting the planning of municipal waste services
June 2012
The Polokwane declaration on waste management is to stabilize waste generation and reduce the waste disposal by 50% by 2012 and develop a zero plan for zero waste by 2022 waste generation is an ongoing process which will continue, as long as humans exist. The types and quantity of waste generated in South Africa have however, changed over time often leading to constraints in municipal waste management budgets...
Kinetic studies on the removal of some metal ions from aqueous solution using modified orange mesocarp extract
June 2012
This study examines the kinetics of the removal of zinc, copper, nickel and cobalt ions from aqueous solutions by Carboxylated-Toluene Di-isocyanate Orange Mesocarp Extract Resin (CTOR) and Sulphonated-Toluene Di-isocyanate Orange Mesocarp Extract Resin (STOR). Results from contact time experiments indicate that the rate of ion exchange was initially rapid and equilibrium was attained within 40 to 45 min. It...
Reservoir storage variations from hydrological mass balance and satellite radar altimetry
June 2012
Knowledge of storage variations in reservoirs and lakes is important for water resources planning and use. In developing countries where lakes may be poorly gauged and water quantity data sparse or unavailable, a simple and cost-effective method of estimating storage would be useful for reservoir operation and management. In this study, we showed how to estimate reservoir storage by combining hydrological...
Nonlinearity in storage- discharge relationship and its influence on flood hydrograph prediction in mountainous catchments
June 2012
The influence of nonlinearity in storage-discharge relationship on flood hydrograph prediction in three catchments in Zagros mountain region in south west of Iran is examined. An event based runoff routing model, watershed bounded network model (WBNM) is applied to assess the response of the selected catchments. Using all available hyetographs and corresponding flood hydrographs, the nonlinear parameter value...
Modeling daily stream flow using plant evapotranspiration method
June 2012
In hydrological models, soil conservation services (SCS) are one of the most widely used procedures to calculate the curve number (CN) in rainfall run-off simulation. Recently, another new CN accounting procedure has been mentioned, namely the plant evapotranspiration (ET) method or simply known as the plant ET method. This method is embedded in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model which has been...
An assessment of hydrogeologic characteristics of Bamikemo's hard rock terrain using geophysical techniques
May 2012
Resistivity depth soundings integrated with the very low-frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) profiling and some hydrogeologic measurements were conducted at Bamikemo, Nigeria. The exercise attempted to evaluate the groundwater potential of the main water supply area. The integrated approach enabled the delineation of the regolith/weathered layer containing the overburden aquifers from the hard rock housing the...
Evaluation of the quality of sachet water vended in the New Juaben municipality of Ghana
May 2012
Access to good quality water has been a challenge to humans due to the pollution of the limited water resources around. Over one billion people do not have access to a safe source of drinking water. This phenomenon is leading to the loss of children below the age five (5) on an hourly basis. With the rate at which sachet water producing companies are coming up, there is the need to assess the quality of the...
EROD and PAH detection as biomonitoring tool in Golden Horn-Istanbul Turkey
May 2012
This investigation covers studies on the concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Golden Horn and their effects on Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase EROD activities of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2. Water samples were collected from eight different stations around Golden Horn. Concentrations of total water PAHs ranged from 3.8 ng/L to about 259.7 ng/L. CYP1As enzymes...
Flood frequency analysis of homogeneous regions of Jhelum River Basin
May 2012
Jhelum River is one of the major tributary of the Indus Basin River system. It drains the Northeast part of the Pakistan which includes the territory of occupied Kashmir, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP) and Punjab. The major problem in the Jhelum River Basin is the scarcity of flow data. Therefore, under the circumstances of the lack of sufficient hydrological data, a...
Municipal solid waste management systems in the Kingdom of Bahrain
May 2012
Waste management has been acknowledged as one of Bahrain’s biggest challenges due to its impending effects regarded as detrimental to the country. Data gathered within the past thirty years have all revealed significant increases on waste quantity generated in the country along the categories of residential, commercial, institutional, construction and demolition, municipal services, public areas,...
Phosphate pollution control in waste waters using new bio-sorbents
April 2012
Thermally activated barks/stems and their ashes of Ficus religiosa, Cassia auriculata, Punica granatum and Calotropis gigantean are found to have remarkable affinity towards phosphate ions. The sorption characteristics of these bio-products towards phosphate from synthetically prepared waste waters have been studied with respect to various physicochemical parameters such as...
Regional model for peak discharge estimation in ungauged drainage basin using GIUH, Snyder, SCS and triangular models
April 2012
Due to the importance of instantaneous peak discharge estimation for watershed management study in countries like Iran, the search is ongoing to correlate geomorphologic and hydrologic parameters to present models. This paper describes the use of synthetic unit hydrograph at drainage basin of Mehran (Joestan River). The obtained results were compared with recorded peak discharge in outlet of watershed. The...
Limnochemical characteristics of river Yamuna in Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
April 2012
The present paper deals with the monthly variations of limnochemical characteristics of river Yamuna, Yamunanagar which is polluted with industrial effluents and domestic sewage via, maskara nala. Three sampling points that is, Station-Y1: Upstream of the river; Station-Y2: Point of influx of industrial effluents and domestic sewage; Station-Y3: About 5 km downstream from station Y2 were selected for the...
Seasonal and interannual validation of satellite-measured reservoir levels at the Kainji dam
April 2012
Although several studies have demonstrated the potential for inland water monitoring using satellite radar altimeters, the technology still carries with it certain limitations. Therefore, the direct application of altimetry data to reservoir management is often preceded by validation of satellite altimetry data with reliable ground-measured data. Kainji reservoir in Nigeria was selected for this study due to...
Removal of phosphorus from Nigeria’s Agbaja iron ore through the degradation ability of Micrococcus species
April 2012
Study on the potential of Micrococcus species to remove phosphorus (P) from Nigeria’s Agbaja iron ore was carried out by submerged culture technique. Findings reveal that Micrococcus species which was originally isolated from the ore samples solubilized phosphorus with 69.66% phosphorus removal rate. The microbe also completely accumulated iron (Fe) and cadmium (Cd) ions found in the...
A framework for defining equity and sustainability in the Nile River Basin
March 2012
The objectives of this research were to objectively define the two important terms, ‘equity’ and ‘without appreciable harm’, in the water utilization principles enshrined in the United Nation (UN) Convention in the context of visions of the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI). Need-based allocation of Nile waters and the new emerging concept of ‘reserved’ and ‘shared’...
Water pollution: Major issue in urban areas
March 2012
Like most of developing countries urbanization and industrialization have not gone in pace with environmental pollution, resulting in numerous problems arising from environmental pollution. This is specifically true about water bodies wherein various toxic solid wastes, effluents and emission are being discharged, resulting in an excessive amount of toxic and hazardous metals in local ground water. Due to...
Physiochemical and bacteriological analysis of surface water in Ewekoro Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria: Case study of Lala, Yobo and Agodo Rivers
March 2012
This study examined the physiochemical and bacteriological analysis of surface water in Ewekoro Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria - a case study of Lala, Yobo and Agodo Rivers. Water samples were collected from the rivers in October and December 2008. The samples were analyzed for pH, TDS, TH, electrical conductivity, chloride, calcium, nitrate and fecal coli form. Result indicated that total...
Impacts of urban growth on flood hazards in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia
February 2012
Flash floods are the most dangerous type of natural disasters in arid regions, such as Saudi Arabia. The effects of urban growth, witnessed between 1990 and 2010, in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia, on runoff volume and peak discharge are investigated using the curve number (CN) flood-modelling methodology. Shapefiles of residential areas are compiled and integrated in a unique geographic information system (GIS)...
Well water contamination by pit latrines: A case study of Langas
February 2012
In many peri-urban areas of Kenya, potable piped water does not exist and where it does, it is rarely reliable. Thus, in such areas, residents heavily rely on groundwater sources for their daily survival. Therefore, it is common to find individual wells in each plot within such a peri-urban dwelling. Furthermore, in most cases, such dwellings lack municipal sewers, hence forcing residents to construct pit...
Species richness and diversity of chlorophyceae and bacillariophyceae in Cauvery River, Mysore, India
December 2011
Selected physico-chemical parameters and a taxonomic survey of fresh water algae in lotic water bodies of river cauvery in and around Mysore district were carried out between 2008 and 2009. The quantitative and qualitative analyses of chlorophyceae and bacillariophyceae have revealed the presence of 21 taxes respectively. The maximum chlorophyceae and bacillariophyceae species were found at stations D1 and R1 and...
Phytoplankton dynamics and seasonal variation in Tungabhadra River, India
December 2011
Tungabhadra River, an important tributary of Krishna, flows in the district Davangere in the central part of Karnataka State, India. A total of 64 species of phytoplankton were recorded during the present study period. These include 23 species of Chlorophyceae, 18 species of Cyanophyceae, 14 species of Bacillariophyceae and 9 species of Euglenophyceae. Water and algal samples were collected at regular intervals of 15...
A study of solar disinfection for rural water supply
December 2011
Drinking water available to rural communities in many developing countries contains disease germs. Solar disinfection of water is becoming increasingly appreciated because of the feasibility of its application. This study investigated the level of transmission of ultraviolet light by bottles made of glass, poly vinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethlene terephthalate (PET) in relation to their ability to disinfect water...
Optimal management for groundwater of Nubian aquifer in El Dakhla depression, Western Desert, Egypt
December 2011
El Dakhla depression occupies a structurally localized depression at 100 to140 m (amsl), below a 400 m escarpment bordering the Libyan Plateau, Western Desert of Egypt. In this area, groundwater of the Nubian Sandstone aquifer is the unique source of fresh water. The increasing demand of groundwater in El Dakhla depression has resulted in an indiscriminate exploitation of this source causing environmental hazards...
Artificial neural network model to assess the impacts of land development on river flow
December 2011
Some types of land development can be associated with increased impervious area that causes increase in surface runoff and decrease in ground water recharge. Both of these processes can have large-scale ramifications through time. Increased runoff results in higher flows during rainfall events. On the other hand, groundwater recharge decreases due to increase impervious surfaces and decrease rate. Hence, there is a need...
Thermosyphon solar water distiller of cement and aluminum absorber with auxiliary condenser
December 2011
Two modifications of solar water distillers using cement and aluminum absorbers are presented experimentally. The first modification uses separated condenser to purge vapor from the cement absorber distiller to increase the condensation, while second modification uses a plate thermosyphon charged with acetone installed on the bottom of the water basin in the aluminum absorber distiller to increase input energy to the...
Very low frequency - electromagnetic (VLF-EM) and Offset Wenner resistivity survey of spring sources for groundwater development
December 2011
Geophysical mapping involving VLF Electromagnetic profiling along seven profiles, ten Offset Wenner and two azimuthal soundings were employed in the study of perennial spring sites at Iloyin community in Akure metropolis, southwest Nigeria. Geophysical methods are useful in mapping areas of natural water resource for groundwater abstraction or construction of containment such as dam or fishpond. Linear inversion of the...
Evaluation of water quality in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria
December 2011
Groundwater is an economic resource and more than 85% of the public water for consumption in Nigeria is obtained from groundwater. This source of water is of great use for domestic, industrial, and agricultural purposes. Groundwater in Abeokuta is largely derived from the aquifers within coastal plain. The water in this formation is however not always suitable due to urban waste disposal and sea water intrusion. Water...
Water management with wastewater treatment and reuse, desalination, and conveyance to counteract future water shortages in the Gaza Strip
November 2011
Groundwater is the only freshwater source available for the Gaza Strip of Palestine, but Gaza groundwater is heavily polluted from agricultural activities and seawater intrusion. Water resource planners therefore have to find innovative alternate sources of water to minimize existing and future deficits. Possible management options include the use of treated wastewater (TWW), desalination, and conveyance of water...
Identifying a cost effective method for thermo tolerant coli forms enumeration in raw water resources used for domestic consumption and irrigation
November 2011
The present study is descriptive and analytical in nature, aimed to determine the correlation and compatibility rates of the detection methods of multiple tube fermentation (both traditional and direct techniques) using Escherichia coli (EC) Broth and plate count in special fecal Coli form culture media. The objective was to identify the one method among these which is economical, effective, rapid and easy to use under...
Selection of optimum option for sludge disposal in the Guilan province of Iran using rapid impact assessment matrix (RIAM)
November 2011
All wastewater treatment processes produce a large amount of semisolid pollutants, especially wastewater sludge. Discharge of sludge without environmental considerations will have many serious effects on public health and environment. The main objective of this study is the selection of optimum option for sludge disposal in the Guilan province of Iran using rapid impact assessment matrix (RIAM) which is a tool to...
Minimising the deterioration of the properties of Moringa oleifera seed extract using Trona solution
November 2011
This study intends to investigate the feasibility of using a local preservative under ambient environmental conditions to minimise the deterioration of Moringa oleifera seed extract in terms of pH fluctuations and coagulation properties. The effect of Trona solution on the pH stability of M. oleifera seed extract was evaluated by observing varying concentrations (0.5 to 2%) of mixtures of seed extract and Trona solution...
Process design for decentralized sewage treatment system with total natural resource management
November 2011
In developing countries sewage disposal is still a major problem. Increase in population and less availability of natural resources makes sewage a major source of health hazard. With sprawling urban population sewage disposal has become a very serious problem. Under this circumstances, the decentralized sewage treatment system (DTS) for population varying from 1000 to 10,000 that is, 120 to 1200 Kl/day or more can play...
The use of natural system for the treatment of greywater: A case study of Kpeshie Lagoon, Accra, Ghana
November 2011
Handling of wastewater (greywater and blackwater) in urban areas is a big problem. The La Sub Metro in Ghana is no exception. Due to lack of wastewater treatment facilities, almost all the wastewater in the Sub Metro is discharged into the Kpeshie Lagoon without pre-treatment. The objective of this study was to characterise greywater and determine the potential of receiving environment (Kpeshie Lagoon and surrounding...
Culturing a rabbit fish (Siganus canalicullatus) in cages: A study from Palk Bay, South East Coast of India
November 2011
Preliminary investigation on the culture of Siganus canalicullatus in floating cages in Mandapam coastal water has revealed that the fish has high culture potential in the region. It is euryhaline, inhabiting areas where salinities range from 23’/,, to 35.8O/,, ,. The fish grows faster on pelletted diets than on ordinary seaweeds. It is estimated that the fish would reach a marketable size of 20 cm fork length in...
Determination of watershed’s hydrological parameters using remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) techniques: Case study of Wadi Al-kangar, Sudan
November 2011
The need for information in user friendly formats and which is easy to update, query, manage and utilize, has popularized the use of geographical information system (GIS). Remote sensing and GIS techniques are increasingly becoming an important tool in hydrology and water resources development. This is due to the fact that most of the data required for hydrological analysis can easily be obtained from remotely sensed...
Assessment of safe reservoir yield by full optimization model by linear programming method
October 2011
This study determines a deterministic distribution of future water storage shortages, based on the known existing demands and the historical data. The data used for this study is the historical monthly flow data for 28 years of the Upper Penganga Project- Isapur reservoir in the Godavari river basin in Maharashtra, India. It is major irrigation reservoir with live capacity of 958.43 MCM and for this given capacity the...
Morphometric analysis of Dwarakeswar watershed, Bankura district, West Bengal, India, using spatial information technology
October 2011
Spatial information technology that is, remote sensing (RS) coupled with geographical information system (GIS) has come out as an efficient tool in delineating drainage pattern and water resource management and its planning. GIS and Image Processing techniques have been adopted for the identification of morphological features and analyzing their properties in Dwarakeswar River Basin area in Purulia and Bankura districts...
Integrated rainwater management strategies in the Blue Nile Basin of the Ethiopian highlands
October 2011
This paper describes one component of the research that International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and partners are undertaking as part of the challenge program on water and food (CPWF) Nile Basin Development Challenge (NBDC). The objective of the NBDC is to increase understanding of how to plan successful rainwater management strategies (RMS) and identify how these can be effectively implemented in the Ethiopian...
Time series analysis of ground water table fluctuations due to temperature and rainfall change in Shiraz plain
October 2011
This research aims at forecasting ground water fluctuations due to temperature and rainfall effects using time series and cross-correlation analysis. Box Jenkins’s time series model was analyzed and the best one for Shiraz plain proved to be multiplicative seasonal. This model was used to forecast the future ground water fluctuations as affected by long term temperature and rainfall data. Results showed that...
Removal of nitrogen from ammonium-rich synthetic wastewater in an upflow column type anammox reactor
October 2011
The aim of this study is to illustrate the efficiency of nitrogen removal from synthetic wastewater using a fixed-bed anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) reactor. A continuous fed flow reactor was inoculated with upflow anammox and fed with synthetic wastewater. The reactor was operated for 75 days without pH control. The maximum ammonium and nitrite removal efficiencies achieved were 95 and 97.5%, respectively. The...
Interference of organic waste pollution from municipality cattle market/slaughter on adjacent stream/ground water quality
October 2011
Chemical contaminants from animal droppings and other organic wastes, nonpoint source (NPS) runoff and abattoir waste water at the municipality cattle market/slaughter lot, Uyo, Nigeria, which increased detritus litter or are leached to ground water, were investigated on the facility borehole and adjacent stream water. Statistical analysis of samples’ physico-chemical composition using SPSS ver 17 package,...
Impact of Rogun dam on downstream Uzbekistan agriculture
September 2011
Strains among the states of Central Asia over using the region’s scarce water resources are increasing. A major controversy is Rogun dam (RD) on the Vakhsh River, a tributary of the Amudarya River. The intent of RD is to supply energy revenue for Tajikistan, but a side effect may be the agricultural sector of Uzbekistan. Future water shortage may cost Uzbekistan over US $600 million annually in losses from...
The effect of inclined groins on the flow
September 2011
Hydraulic structures, such as pile dikes, groins, splitting dikes, have been constructed in natural rivers to improve the channel stability to bank or bed erosions by reducing flow velocity or changing flow direction. In order to produce better river environments, river flow mechanisms with the hydraulic structures need to be intensively studied. In this paper, an experimental flow field with non-overflow groins in a...
A multi-objective optimization approach to groundwater management using genetic algorithm
August 2011
Management of groundwater resources is very important for regions where freshwater supply is naturally limited. Long-term planning of groundwater usage requires method-based new decision support tools. These tools must be able to predict the change in the groundwater storage with sufficient accuracy, and must allow exploring management scenarios with respect to different criteria such as sustainability and cost. So,...
Monitoring trends of nitrate, chloride and phosphate levels in an urban river
August 2011
Concerns for the river environment in Malaysia are highlighted. There had been occurrences of inadequate supply for water in big cities and unexpected floods over the last few years. This paper discussed the results of ‘clean-up’ efforts of Gombak River which passes through several industrial areas and the City of Kuala Lumpur. The trends in the levels of nitrates, chlorides and phosphates present in the...
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