Effect of premarital sex on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and high risk behaviors in women
February 2013
This research aimed to study the effect of premarital sex on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and high risk behaviors among women in sub-Saharan Africa. It included 1,393 women randomly selected from the Moshi urban district of northern Tanzania. Participants’ demographic and socio-demographic characteristics, alcohol use, condom use, number of partners, symptoms of STIs and age at first sex and marriage...
Autonomic dysfunction as a predictor of heart disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
January 2013
The purpose of this study was to test the presence of Autonomic Dysfunction (AD) in patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). 30 HIV (study) and non HIV (control) patients were prospectively enrolled and underwent five different established methods for detection of autonomic dysfunction. Amongst the five tests employed, there was a statistical difference in 4/5 tests between the two groups. The HIV...
Randomized control trial to evaluate yoga-based peer support group for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive Zambian adolescents
January 2013
It has been shown that Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive adolescents are more vulnerable to behavioural problems than non-infected adolescents and stress compromises immune function. There is some evidence that yoga and peer support benefits mental health. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a 10-week programme of peer support and yoga on the psychological well being of HIV positive Zambian...
Rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing on the college campus: Comparing traditional and outreach models
January 2013
The purpose of this study was to compare rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing services on a college campus between a clinic-based group and an outreach-based group.Study participants were 1,233 individuals who underwent HIV counseling and testing. Questionnaires assessed demographics and HIV transmission risk behaviors. Results indicate that outreach-based testers were more likely to be younger, female,...
The extent of knowledge about HIV/AIDS among young people in the Ejura-Sekyedumase district of Ghana
December 2012
Globally, young people are among the most vulnerable groups to HIV/AIDS, while adequate knowledge about the disease is key to their protection. This paper presents a mixed method analysis of knowledge about HIV/AIDS among young people in the Ejura-Sekyedumase district of Ghana. The study relies on questionnaire-based data from a random sample of 450 males and females of age 15 to 24, as well as qualitative data from...
Perceptions of people towards male circumcision as a technical method to reduce HIV and AIDS infection in Masvingo district of Zimbabwe
December 2012
This study sought to investigate people’s perception towards male circumcision as a tool to reduce Human Immuno-Deficiencymuno Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) infection in Masvingo district of Zimbabwe. It has been confirmed that few campaigns have been done to convince the general public of the value of male circumcision as a method to combat HIV infection, even among the Varemba and...
Family chickens, poverty alleviation, food security and HIV/AIDS mitigation: The case of BONEPWA+
October 2012
This paper reviewed literature on the role of family chickens in poverty alleviation, food security and HIV/AIDS mitigation with particular reference to Botswana Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS (BONEPWA+). Family chickens play an important role in the nutrition and income generation of households in Botswana. Secondary sources of data collected from the family chicken project funded by the Swedish International...
HIV prevention services utilization among men who have sex with men that have recently migrated to Beijing
October 2012
To assess HIV prevention services access among men who have sex with men (MSM) that recently migrated to Beijing, we conducted a cross-sectional study from October 2010 to January 2011 in Beijing using social network based recruitment. Ten “seeds” were selected purposefully. Each subsequent participant was given three recruitment cards to hand to potential recruits. Participants completed a...
Are first line anti-retroviral therapies really toxic for children? A study from Eastern India
September 2012
This research aims to study the incidence of drug induced toxicity during antiretroviral therapy (ART) among children from a tertiary care institute from Kolkata. This is a prospective study that consist of 100 children aged 2 to 14 years receiving first line ART [Stavudine (d4T), Lamivudine (3TC), Nevirapine (NVP)/Efavirenz (EFV)]; these children were followed up for 3 years (2007 to 2010). The results showed...
Discriminatory practices of health workers towards people living with HIV/AIDS in Sokoto, Nigeria
September 2012
People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Nigeria have been found to be subjects of discrimination and stigmatization in the work place and by family and communities. PLWHA may also face discrimination from those employed in the health sector. This study is aimed at assessing the discriminatory practices of doctors and nurses towards people living with HIV/AIDS in Sokoto. The study was a cross-sectional descriptive...
Trends in knowledge, risk behaviour, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) symptoms and associated factors among truckers and helpers in South India over a 12-year span
August 2012
Prevalence of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among truckers and helpers (TH) is 10 times higher than in the general population. TH are more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviour that makes them vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV. This paper aims to comprehend the trends in knowledge, risk behaviours, reported STIs and associated factors among TH over 12 years. Data from 12 rounds of...
Is serious mental illness associated with earlier death among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)? A ten year follow up in Maryland Medicaid recipients
August 2012
Serious mental illness (SMI) is associated with earlier mortality. The objective of this study was to determine if SMI was associated with an increased risk of death among Maryland Medicaid beneficiaries with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This was a retrospective cohort study of adult Maryland Medicaid recipients with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) after January 1, 1997. SMI was defined as a...
Genotypic diversity and mutation profile of HIV-1 strains in antiretroviral treatment (ART) -Naïve Ghanaian patients and implications for antiretroviral treatment (ART)
July 2012
Forty samples collected from HIV-1 AIDS and asymptomatic patients in 2002 and 2003 before the initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART), most in poorly investigated regions of Ghana were retrospectively examined. For baseline data on genetic diversity before therapy, env, gagand pol phylogenetic analysis was generated. pol was further analysed for potential resistance to...
Various neurological manifestations in HIV positive patients, their outcome and its correlation with CD4 counts- A tertiary centre experience in North Indian population
July 2012
The central nervous system (CNS) is among the most frequent and main target of HIV infection in severely immunocompromised patients. Neurological manifestations occur due to either primary pathologic process of HIV or secondary to opportunistic infection. The present study was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of various neurological manifestations in HIV positive patients, correlation of CD4 levels in CNS...
Prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) infections among intravenous drug users (IDUs) in the MAH-o-MEHR Harm Reduction Center of Tehran, Iran
June 2012
Intravenous drug users are considered to be at high risk of having the infections, hepatitis B virus (BBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immune-deficiency virus (HIV), because of their high risky behaviours especially of sharing of syringes. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of BBV, HCV and HIV in intravenous drug users in a harm reduction center. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample...
HIV-Related knowledge, attitudes, and practice among educated young adults in Botswana
June 2012
Students at the University of Botswana, an at-risk group, have previously been shown to have high levels of risky sexual behavior despite widespread knowledge that these behaviors might lead to HIV-1 infection. As there have recently been considerable efforts focused on HIV-1 prevention in Botswana through nationwide media education campaigns and the opening of voluntary counselling and testing centers, re-evaluation of...
Development and validation of HIV prevention scale for Historically Black College students
June 2012
This paper reports the development and initial validation of scores obtained from the socio-cognitive determinants of HIV prevention measures. Series of scales developed to identify HIV prevention are knowledge, motivation and behavioral skills of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. The study was carried out among college students attending Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU). In the...
Single HIV infected women’s experiences with HIV and coping strategies: The case of Chitungwiza and Epworth in Zimbabwe
June 2012
The existence of HIV among people in sexual relationships has become one of the major factors leading to dissolution of relationships thereby creating single-parents in large numbers. Despite the growing prevalence of HIV infected single women, relatively few psychosocial support systems are available for them. There is not much information addressing this subject specifically focusing on women single parents in the...
Prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infections among HIV infected people in Iran
June 2012
Infections of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are among the grave health concerns confronting global public health. These infections spread via similar routes (e.g. parenteral, sexual and vertical); leading to the anticipation of high prevalence rates of HBV and HCV co-infections among HIV infected patients. HBV and HCV co-infections in HIV-positive patients lead...
Factors associated with consistent condom use among senior secondary school female learners in Mbonge subdivision of rural Cameroon
June 2012
The aim of this study was to examine the factors associated with consistent condom use among senior secondary school female students in Mbonge subdivision of Cameroon within the parameters set by the Health Belief Model (HBM). The objective of the study was to report on the components of the HBM with statistically significant explanatory associations with consistent condom use during sexual intercourse to prevent human...
Disclosure of information by patients about HIV/AIDS infection in Northeastern Thailand
May 2012
Few studies have focused on the processes in which patients reveal their HIV infection toothers. This study sought to understand these processes. Thus, the research questions were: (a) What were their thoughts about the moment when patients learned that they were infected?(b) To whom and when did patients disclose that they were infected? (c) How did they disclose the information? (d) How much or...
HIV/AIDS control programmes in developing countries: The role of human resource
May 2012
The health sector is one of the most challenged sectors in the developing countries given to the shortage of trained manpower particularly in Africa and Asia. Human resource is a very important aspect of any functioning health systems. However this aspect is often neglected in the long term plans and strategies development for the sector. We observe that often in the disease control programmes due importance is not...
Desire to procreate among people living with HIV/AIDS: Determinants in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
May 2012
This study focused on the assessment of determinants of fertility desire among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Mekelle town, Tigray, in Northern Ethiopia. An institution based cross sectional study was conducted, by interviewing members of the PLWHA associations in Mekelle town. Three hundred and seven subjects participated with a response rate of 95%, the median age of the respondents was 32....
The association between religious affiliation and frequency of attendance at religious services on HIV risky behaviors among people living with HIV/AIDS
May 2012
The purpose of this study was to examine if religious affiliation and frequency of attendance at religious services were associated with HIV risky behaviors among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The participants are HIV positive clients of a community based HIV/AIDS outreach facility (CBHAOF) located in Montgomery, Alabama, USA. The participants completed the questionnaire during their medical visits to the...
An exploration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) knowledge gaps among male migrant workers in Singapore
May 2012
The general objective of this study is to provide a rapid assessment of HIV knowledge gaps among male migrant workers (MMWs) in Singapore. A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted in June 2011, in Singapore. A 14 multiple choice closed question self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on current HIV knowledge among MMWs. Sixty seven MMWs participated in the survey and a total of 58 valid...
Impact of pharmacist provided education on medication adherence behaviour in HIV/AIDS patients treated at a non-government secondary care hospital in India
April 2012
A single group pre-post test study evaluated the impact of a pharmacist provided education session on medication adherence behaviour in 104 HIV/AIDS patients receiving highly active Anti Retroviral Therapy. A brief medication questionnaire was administered to eligible patients at baseline and follow up to assess their reported medication adherence and barriers to adherence. The number of subjects reporting greater than...
The challenge of ethnic diversity and HIV prevalence in Nigeria
April 2012
British colonial research put the number of ethnic groups in Nigeria at 200 in 1914-1934; Otite Onigu identified 374 ethnic groups in 1980s while M. Onwuejeogwu listed over 480 ethnic groups in 1990s. This makes Nigeria to be the most culturally diverse nation in the world. This diversity produces various shades of inter-ethnic conflicts and challenge of programmatic interventions to counter culturally specific...
Perception about HIV testing among women attending antenatal clinics at Primary Health Centres in Osogbo, Southwest, Nigeria
April 2012
As PMTCT services are being decentralized to primary health centres, it becomes important to understand the disposition of clients at this level to HIV counselling and testing (HCT) in order to design targeted programs. This study aimed to examine the perception about HIV testing among ante-natal clinic clients at primary health centres (PHC) in Osogbo, Southwest, Nigeria. This is a cross-sectional descriptive...
Presentation of a fast solution for solving HIV-infection dynamics and chemotherapy optimization based on fuzzy: AVK method
March 2012
The issue of including the most optimal amount of medicine consumption in the program of illness control program is important in the control of HIV because of its high cost and high risk of side effects (poisoning), so applying a mathematical model and modern technique are necessary in solving optimal control problem for prescribing optimal amount. In this paper two ordinary differential equations systems which models...
HIV fighting at an agricultural company and at a railway transport company in Mwenezi district, Masvingo province, Zimbabwe
March 2012
This case study involved sugar cane production workers and railway workers who lived 30 km apart, in a farming district with agro-industries. Major roads and railway lines pass through the district, bringing in inflows of human traffic, a potential conduit for HIV infection. The two companies had a combined workforce of more than 1260 who mix with people of different social behaviours and economic status, promoting...
Hepatitis A vaccination among human immuno- deficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults: Current evidence and unanswered questions
March 2012
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is common, can cause significant morbidity and mortality, and the prevalence may be higher in populations infected or at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Immunization with HAV vaccine is recommended for HIV-infected individuals, particularly men who have sex with men, injection drug users, hemophiliacs, those with chronic liver disease, and international travelers without...
Inclusion of South African adolescents in HIV vaccine trials
February 2012
South Africa has more people living with HIV than any other nation. The HIV epidemic in South Africa is being driven by new infections among adolescents. Inclusion of adolescents in HIV vaccine trials is essential for successful vaccine development, however, recruitment and retention of at-risk South African adolescents into these trials poses a number of legal, ethical and operational challenges. This article discusses...
Rural perspectives on the HIV/AIDS dinosaur: A case of four communities in the Brong Ahafo region of Ghana
February 2012
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) constitute one of the most worrisome public health problems in the world today. The impact of HIV has been devastating in many developing countries, especially sub-Saharan Africa; the area hardest hit. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), global estimates of HIV infections as of 2006 were 39.5 million, with 64% of those...
Integrating a web-based, patient-administered assessment into primary care for HIV-infected adults
February 2012
Providers routinely under diagnose at risk behaviors and outcomes, including depression, suicidal ideation, substance abuse, and poor medication adherence. To address this, we developed a web-based, self-administered patient-reported assessment tool and integrated it into routine primary care for HIV-infected adults. Printed results were delivered to providers and social workers immediately prior to patient...
Prevalence of dermatologic manifestations among people living with HIV/AIDS in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, Iran
February 2012
Dermatological conditions are observed in an estimated 90% or more of all HIV infected people worldwide. Microbial infections, inflammatory conditions and neoplasms are the three main causes for the development of dermatological findings in HIV patients. A total of 276 HIV patients were examined by a dermatologist to identify skin, hair and nail pathologies. CD4 count was measured; Liver function test (LFT) and complete...
Sociosexuality, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) susceptibility, and sexual behavior among African American women
February 2012
Psychosocial correlation of risky sexual behavior is important for the design and implementation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related prevention and intervention studies. Sociosexuality (individual differences in endorsement of casual sexual behavior) and perceived susceptibility to HIV were examined for their relationship to each other, and in predicting risky sexual behavior among adult, heterosexual African...
Does infant feeding modality have an impact on the health of mothers infected with human immunodeficiency virus in sub-Saharan Africa? A systematic literature review
January 2012
Concerns for perinatal HIV transmission and health of infants have led to calls for a religious adoption of WHO recommendations on HIV and infant feeding. That which is not established is how this impacts on the health of mothers. While the dilemma of breastfeeding and risk of transmitting the virus to the infant is fast becoming history, the impact infant feeding choices may have on the health of mothers is not well...
Psychosocial factors as predictors of HIV/AIDS risky behaviors among people living with HIV/AIDS
January 2012
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still rising globally. In order to develop effective HIV/AIDS risky behavior reduction intervention strategies and to further decrease the spread of HIV/AIDS, it is important to assess the prevalence of psychosocial problems and HIV/AIDS risky behaviors in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The objective of...
Herpes simplex virus type 2 seroprevalence, HIV and Antiretroviral therapy knowledge and beliefs in the general population in Kisumu, Kenya
January 2012
With the increasing use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in developing countries, little is known on the potential impact of large-scale ART use on sexual behavior. We used Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection as a marker for sexual behavior to aid in assessing the association between ART related knowledge and beliefs and sexual behavior. This cross-sectional study analyzed secondary data collected in...
Professional, social, and psychological correlates of HIV/AIDS care involvement among nurses in Botswana
January 2012
This analysis explores the correlates of HIV/AIDS care involvement among nurses in a healthcare system (Botswana) that is severely impacted by the AIDS epidemic. It identifies the antecedents and consequences of recent HIV/AIDS nursing care participation in Botswana and develops testable hypotheses for further study. In 2009 a self-administered questionnaire on nursing practice and related issues was completed by 201...
Case of thrush and weakness after pregnancy
December 2011
AIDS continues to be one of the infectious pandemics of our time. Pneumocystis pneumonia or today known as Pneumocystis Jeroveci is considered a deleterious infection in AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) patients. Here we present a patient with oral candidiasis, respiratory distress suspicious of PCP (Pneumocystisis carinii pneumonia), without any known risk factors for acquiring HIV who responded to PCP...
Modelling of HIV/AIDS in Iran up to 2014
December 2011
Using estimation-projection package (EPP) and spectrum, the model was developed based on different data sources. Four scenarios were introduced, including minimum and maximum estimations, plus most realistic scenario. In the fourth scenario (R2), data of studies with adequate quality were applied. The objective of the study is to estimate and project HIV/AIDS in Iran up to 2014. Based on the main scenario R2, the...
Evaluation of depression and anxiety on HIV/AIDS in-patient
December 2011
Since its discovery, the expansion of HIV/AIDS epidemic has been considered an issue of great concern. Even along the advances in treatment and the increase in life expectancy of patients, there are still several implications involved in the infection and its evolutionary process which need deeper studies. One of these implications is the combination between the impact of the disease and the mental disorders. The...
Safe use of Sunitinib in metastatic non-clear cell renal cell cancer in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus
November 2011
The introduction of targeted therapies has offered the promise of better survival outcomes for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Sunitinib malate, an oral, multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is an important treatment option for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. This case study explores the controversial use of sunitinib in a patient with a non-clear cell variant of renal cell carcinoma,...
Analysis of coital activity, number of sexual partners, and non-use of condoms among High School students in Namibia: Implications for the ABC approach
November 2011
Understanding sexual risk behaviours is important in monitoring the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS preventive interventions such as the ABC (abstinence, be faithful, and use a condom) approach. This study analysed the sexual activity, numbers of sexual partners, and non-use of condoms among Namibian High School students. A randomised cross-sectional survey was carried out in 18 High Schools located in six educational regions...
The relationship between subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV patients and cardiovascular risk factors
November 2011
HIV-infected patients are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) is regarded as non-invasive test for diagnosing subclinical atherosclerosis (SA). Until now, there have been very few studies which have analysed SA in HIV patients using PWV measurements. Our objectives were to analyse the prevalence of SA in a Spanish cohort of HIV patients using PWV and compare it with the data...
Single cohort study of the effect of low dose naltrexone on the evolution of immunological, virological and clinical state of HIV+ adults in Mali
October 2011
To implement an immuno-regulatory approach for reducing or preventing the onset of AIDS symptoms in HIV+ individuals a single prospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the effect of low-dose naltrexone (LDN) on HIV infected, asymptomatic, otherwise untreated Mali adults with CD4 levels between 350 and 600 cell/mm3. We measured changes in CD4 count, CD4%, BMI, hemoglobin, viral load, interferon alpha, and...
Impact of low dose naltrexone (LDN) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) treated HIV+ adults in Mali: A single blind randomized clinical trial
October 2011
To implement an immuno-regulatory approach for reducing or preventing the onset of AIDS symptoms in HIV+ individuals we conducted a single blind nine-month randomized clinical trial to evaluate the impact of low-dose naltrexone (LDN) on asymptomatic HIV+ Mali adults undergoing antiretro virial (ART) treatment with CD4 counts below 350 cell/mm3. We measured differences between groups in CD4 count, CD4%, hemoglobin, viral...
Premarital sex and condom use among never-married men in Malawi
September 2011
Premarital sex and non-condom use are both associated with HIV infection. This study used data from the Malawi Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS) 2004 to estimate the prevalence of premarital sex-and examine the association between religion and pre-marital sex among never married Malawian men. The associations between the variables were assessed by logistic regression analysis. A total of 1039 never-married men, mean...
HIV/AIDS information source use and sexual behaviour of adolescents in Ekwusigo Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria
August 2011
This paper established those information sources that mostly provided the information about HIV/AIDS to 540 adolescents in Ekwusigo Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria. The study showed further, how the adolescents' personal and parental characteristics explained the use of the sources as well as the relationship between source use and adolescents' sexual behaviour. The result showed that handbills,...
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