Effect of puerarin on glutamine synthetase activity in rat retina following acute intraocular hypertension
June 2021
This study was conducted to demonstrate whether puerarin regulates glutamine synthetase (GS) activity following intraocular hypertension and has therapeutic potential in ophthalmology for the protection of optic nerves in patients with glaucoma. This study used a Wistar rat model of acute closed-angle glaucoma to investigate the effect of puerarin on GS activity in rat retina following intraocular hypertension. Acute...
Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical fingerprints of five crude extracts obtained from indigenous medicinal plants of Uganda
December 2017
Five crude extracts from four Ugandan plants were screened in vitro for their antimicrobial activity and phytochemical composition. They included the chloroform extracts of Bothliocline longipes, Maesa lanceolata, Trimeria bakeri, Rhus natalensis and the petroleum ether extract of T. bakeri. The plant crude extracts were tested against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas...
Evaluation of the in vivo anti malarial activity of the methanolic leaf extract of Nepata cateria
September 2015
Nepata cateria (Labiatae) growing widely in northern Nigeria is used by most indigenes for the treatment of malaria and other related diseases. The in vivo anti-malarial activity of the methanol leaf extract was evaluated in mice infected with the chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei berghei NK65 strain. Oral acute toxicity of the methanol leaf extract with modified Lorke`s method was evaluated against early,...
Protective effect of HAMI 3379 against high glucose-induced PC12 cell injury
August 2015
Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common diabetic complications, associated with long time exposure to high glucose. Hyperglycemia induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species contributing to neuronal damage. We have previously reported that HAMI 3379, a selective antagonist of CysLT2 receptor, is involved in neuron injury after ischemia. In this study, we investigated the...
Antibacterial activity of alkaloidal compound isolated from leaves of Catharanthus roseaus (L.) against multi-drug resistant strains
December 2014
The following alkaloids were isolated from Catharanthus roseus L. leaves from the yellow crystal as white powder at (38°C). The chemical and physical properties were studied by thin layer chromatography (TLC), IR-spectrum (IR), Ultraviolet - visible spectrum (UV) and melting point (mp). Standard strains of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571, Escherichia coli NCTC 5933 and the clinical multidrug resistance...
Instrumental and chemical characterization of Moringa oleifera Lam root starch as an industrial biomaterial
March 2014
Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae family) is a deciduous plant with tuber-like root at the earlier stage. Starch was isolated from the young tuber of the plant and examined instrumentally for its functional groups, X-ray diffractometer (XRD) profile, elemental analysis and antioxidant activities. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis shows that peaks at 3465.23 to 3577.11 cm−1 represent...
Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of 2-Aryl -2, 3-dihydro-1H-perimidine
March 2014
A series of new 2-Aryl-2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidine, derivatives (3a - j) were synthesized under reflux and at room temperature by condensation reaction of 1,8-diaminonaphthalene (2) with various substituted benzaldehyde using glacial acetic acid a catalyst. The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods, infrared (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance...
Antioxidant activity of n-butanol extract of celery (Apium graveolens) seed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats
November 2012
The potent of n-butanol extract of celery (Apium graveolens) seed in ameliorating the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status was investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Thirty two mature male rats were assigned to four groups, non-diabetic control and three diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by single injection with streptozotocin (60 mg/kg b.w., i.p.). Rats ≥ 200 mg/dl of blood...
Comparative phytochemical screening and biological evaluation of n-hexane and water extracts of Acacia tortilis
November 2012
N-Hexane and water extracts of the leaves, stem-bark and roots of the indigenous plant Acacia tortilis locally reputed for the treatment of cough, malaria, asthma and stomach pain in Girei Local Government Area (LGA), Adamawa State were phytochemically screened and biologically tested against Escherichia coli, Shigella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus...
Evaluation of Sesamum indicum gum as a binder in the formulation of paracetamol granules and tablets
March 2012
Comparative evaluation of Sesamum indicum gum as a binder in the formulation of paracetamol (PCM) granules and tablets was performed using acacia, gelatin, and Sodium carboxyl methylcellulose (SCMC) as standard binders for comparison. The properties of granules and tablets such as; flow rate, angle of repose, density, weight uniformity, crushing strength, friability, disintegration rate and release...
Rosiglitazone protection against experimentally-induced intestinal ischemia/re-perfusion
March 2012
Several studies have shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-g (PPARg) agonists protect against ischemia/re-perfusion (I/R) damage in different organs. This study was carried out to assess the possible role of PPARg on intestinal I/R-mediated tissue injury. This was achieved by evaluating the effects of the PPARg agonist rosiglitazone and the PPARg antagonist bisphenol A...
Ketamine hydrochloride induces anxiety behaviour activities in adult male mice
December 2011
The trafficking and abuse of Ketamine are a concern to law enforcement and drug treatment providers because of the drug’s increasing availability and its use in facilitating sexual assaults globally. The aim of this study is to investigate some of the effects of administration of ketamine intramuscularly (IM) on bebaviour in mice. The presumably 16 healthy male mice were used for this study; the...
Histopathological examination of formulated drugs against typhoid
December 2011
Typhoid fever (TF) is a systemic bacterial infection caused by Salmonella typhi, a facultative and gram negative rods. The infection is usually acquired through the ingestion of contaminated water or food. Almost 80% of cases and deaths occur in Asia. The attack rate as high as 1100 cases per 100000 populations have been documented in developing countries. In typhoid fever, various organs can be involved...
Technical report on laboratory outbreak investigation of sudden death syndrome in broiler chicken in Kathmandu valley Nepal 2009
October 2011
The incidence of death of broiler birds above 40 days suddenly increased in the month of July to October 2009 in Kathmandu valley. Birds that were presented for post-mortem examination at the Central Veterinary Laboratory Tripureswor Kathmandu were usually found dead on their backs with wings out-stretched. Gross abnormalities recorded on post mortem examinations were: muscle oedema, pulmonary, renal and...
Mechanisms of endothelial cell protection by quercetin in hypercholesterolemia
October 2011
Mechanism of quercetin for protection of endothelial cell was studied in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Thirtyrabbits were randomly divided into five groups. The negative control group was fed with a standard diet; the positive control group was fed with the same diet with 2% cholesterol; the quercetin group was fed with the same diet with 2% cholesterol...
The effect of oral administration of honey and glucophage alone or their combination on the serum biochemical parameters of induced diabetic rats
October 2011
The effects of feeding honey on normal and alloxan induced diabetes rats treated and untreated were studied. In the experimental design, 25 rats were divided into five groups of five rats each, with Groups I and II serving as the normal and diabetic control, while Groups III, IV and V were the diabetic test groups administered with glucophage 500 mg/kg, glucophage in combination with honey (500 and 10 mg) and...
The effect of indole – 3 – butyric acid (IBA), indole – 3 – pyruvic acid (IPA) and their synergetic effects on biochemical contents on the silkworm, Bombyx mori
August 2011
Topical application with indole – 3 – butyric acid (IBA) showed a significant increase in glycogen, protein and total lipids in the body fat and trehalose and protein contents in the haemolymph in all the groups of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Topical application with indole – 3 – pyruvic acid (IPA) showed a significant increase in glycogen, protein and total lipids in the body fat...
Privatisation of the Central Medical Supplies (CMS) public corporation: Why not?
August 2011
To improve the effectiveness of the public pharmacy, resources should be switched towards areas of need, reducing inequalities and promoting better health conditions. Medicines are financed either through cost sharing or full private. The role of the private services is significant. A review of reform of financing medicines in Sudan is given in this article. Also, it highlights the current drug supply system...
Phytochemical and biological study of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth callus and intact plant
July 2011
Preliminary phytochemical screening of Striga hermonthica was carried out to assess the chemical contents and biological activity of callus comparing to that of intact plant (upper and underground parts). The results show the presence of terpenes, tannins, coumarins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, anthracenosides and alkaloids. Further, ethanol extracts analysis-using thin layer...
Assessment of radiation-induced DNA damage by comet assay in cultured HeLa cells treated with guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia Miers) before exposure to different doses of g-radiation
July 2011
The radiomodulatory effect of guduchi extract (TCE) was studied in HeLa cells incubated with 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 or 8 µg/ml of TCE for 2 or 4 h before exposure to 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 or 4 Gy of g-radiation. The molecular DNA damage was assessed using alkaline comet assay, where DNA tail fragmentation olive tail moment (OTM) served as a measure of DNA damage. Exposure of HeLa...
Qualitative (phytochemical) analysis and antifungal activity of Pentas decora (De wild), a plant used traditionally to treat skin fungal infections in Western Uganda
July 2011
The ethanolic leaf extract of Pentas decora, a plant known in the local community as “Kabyakyasha” (in Runyankole Language), was evaluated for its antifungal activity against Candida albicans,Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis and Trichophyton rubrum, and qualitatively analyzed for its phytochemical composition. The disc diffusion method was employed to...
Comparative effects of smoke and ethanolic extract of Nicotiana tabacum on hippocampus and neurobehaviour of mice
June 2011
The effects of tobacco use on health are well known, and are documented in reliable scientific reports. The aim of this study is to investigate some of the effects of both ethanolic and smoke tobacco on the hippocampus and behaviour of mice. The presumably healthy 32 mice were used for this study, the animals were randomly divided into four groups, A, B, C and D, of eight animals each. Group A were given...
Evaluation of the gastrointestinal activity of the aqueous root extracts of Talinum triangulare
June 2011
The effect of the aqueous root extract of Talinum triangulare on the gastrointestinal system was evaluated in mice and rats using normal intestinal transit. Castor oil induced diarrhea and castor oil induced enteropooling models. The result obtained showed that, the effects of the aqueous root extract were dose dependent and biphasic in all the models used. The extract (500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg) produced a...
Antifungal activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Picralima nitida seeds on Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans and Microsporum canis
May 2011
Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Picralima nitida seeds were tested for their antifungal activities using Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans and Microsporum canis as test organisms. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of some plant metabolites which have been reported to have antimicrobial effects. Assays were performed using extract concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and...
Antinociceptive potential of the methanolic extract of Microdermis puberula (Hook. F. Ex. Planch)
May 2011
This study investigated the antinociceptive effects of the methanolic extract of the stem wood ofMicrodermis puberula (Hook. F. Ex. Planch) in Swiss albino mice of either sex with weights ranging from 17 to 25 g. Acetylsalicylic acid and morphine were used as standards for the antinociceptive tests while distilled water was used as control. Acetic acid - induced mouse writhing reflex test and...
Ethnobotanical importance of halophytes of Noshpho salt mine, District Karak, Pakistan
April 2011
The present study documents the traditional knowledge of medicinal halophytes of Noshpho Salt Mine District Karak, Khyber Pakhton Khwa (KPK), Pakistan. These medicinal halophytes are wide spread and are common in Noshpho Salt Mine. We have documented the use of 33 species belonging to 18 families. The dominant families are Asteraceae with 6 species, followed by Chenopodiaceae and Poaceae with 3 species,...
Effects and mechanism of action of immunomodulating agents against schistosomiasis-induced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in mice
April 2011
While hepatic schistosomiasis results in morbidity from infection and complications of liver fibrosis, there are few medicines/means available to prevent, control, or treat this fibrosis. The aim of this study was to assess the potential beneficial effects of immunomodulating agents against hepatic schistosomal fibrosis. Swiss mice were infected with Schistosoma mansoni live cercariae and then left...
Clinical epidemiological investigation of moldy grain and fodder poisoning in goat in Kathmandu Valley - A technical report
March 2011
An outbreak of a syndrome of unknown etiology associated with the feeding of moldy maize grain and green fodder to goat in a herd of male 3853 goats for sale for the Dashahara festival during the month of October, 2010 in Kathmandu Valley. In a period of 10 days 500 goats suddenly became ill with symptoms of anorexia, apathy, diarrhea and ruminal stasis. On clinical examination these goats were provisionally...
Disposition of quinine and its major metabolite, 3-hydroxyquinine in patients with liver diseases
March 2011
Quinine, extensively metabolized by CYP 3A4, has 3-hydroxyquinine as the major metabolite which also contributes to its antimalarial activity. This study assessed the impact of various liver diseases on the disposition of quinine and 3-hydroxyquinine. Ten adult patients with liver diseases ranging from cirrhosis, primary liver carcinoma, hepatitis, ascites, and amoebic liver disease as well as six healthy...
Effect of EDTA on the activity of ciprofloxacin against Shigella sonnei
February 2011
Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA) is a compound predominantly known for its chelating ability. It has also been found that in combination with antibacterial agents like benzakolium and chlorocresol, they were able to kill resistant bacteria. EDTA was used in combination with ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, against Shigella sonnei. This was done by determining their respective and combined Minimum Inhibitory...
Evaluation of essential oils composition of methanolic Allium sativum extract on Trypanosoma brucei infected rats
February 2011
The essential oils composition and anti – trypanosomal activity of fermented methanolic Allium sativum extract was investigated. The crude extract was partially purified using column chromatography to give fractions A, B and C, which were further characterized by gas chromatographic – mass spectral (GC/MS) analysis. The fractions identified thirteen, sixteen and seventeen compounds...
Pharmacognostic evaluation of the Amaranthus viridis L.
January 2011
The Amaranthus viridis Linn. (Family Amaranthaceae) plant was studied to determine the various parameters for pharmacognostical standards. The present investigation deals with the report on macro and microscopical, vein islet and vein termination numbers, palisade ratio, stomatal index (upper and lower surfaces of the leaf) and different chemical parameters have been determined. These findings will...
Induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 via the Caspase pathway by longilactone from Eurycoma longifolia Jack
January 2011
The effects of longilactone isolated from Eurycoma longifolia Jack were studied in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The research aim was to investigate the possible molecular mechanism of action of longilactone on MCF-7. The SRB assay showed that longilactone exerts a strong cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 with an IC50 of 0.53 ± 0.19 µg/ml. Hoechst 33342 staining assay and TEM analysis...
Determination of bioload of commercially available brands of fruit juice in Uyo, Nigeria
August 2010
Six brands of fruit juice preparations made up of three different batches per brand were used for the study. The purpose of the experiment was to identify and characterize the microbial load (bioload) in these products using standard procedures. At the end of the study, none of the samples was found to contain any viable microorganism. These findings showed that the samples used in the study were of high...
In vitro antiplasmodial and cyclin- dependent protein kinase (pfmrk) inhibitory activities of selected flavonoids in combination with chloroquine (CQ) and artemisinin
August 2010
In this study, we report in vitro chloroquine (CQ) and artemisinin combination studies of eight flavonoids against Plasmodium falciparum strains. The flavonoids were previously isolated from Erythrina sp. (Family Leguminosae) growing in Kenya. Synergism was observed for chloroquine/ Sigmoidin E (5) combination at ratios of 5:1 and 3:1 respectively, while other...
Evaluation of okro gum as a binder in the formulation of thiamine hydrochloride granules and tablets
June 2010
The aim of this study is to examine the suitability of okro gum as a binder for pharmaceutical tablet formulations. A comparative evaluation of Abelmoschus esculentus (okro) gum as a binder in the formulation of thiamine hydrochloride granules and tablets was performed. Gelatin, acacia and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), were employed as standard binders for comparison. The properties of granules and...
Formulation and evaluation of paracetamol tablets manufactured using the dried fruit of Phoenix dactylifera Linn as an excipient
June 2010
Dried and milled date palm fruit was evaluated for its binding properties in comparison with acacia and tragacanth. Characterization of the granules in addition to quality control tests that included uniformity of weight, hardness, friability, disintegration and dissolution were undertaken. The granules manufactured using the binders had good flow properties and compressibility. As the concentration of the...
Evaluation of in vitro antimicrobial effect of combinations of erythromycin and Euphorbia hirta leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus
April 2010
The in vitro combined effects of erythromycin and methanol extract of leaves ofEuphorbia hirta against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were investigated using the Checkerboard technique. The organism was susceptible to the extract with MIC of 25 mg/ml, while erythromycin had MIC of 0.005 mg/ml. The research aims to investigate the possible interaction that may exist when...
Cinnamomum zeylanicum extract inhibits proinflammatory cytokine TNFµ: in vitro and in vivo studies
April 2010
Cinnamomum zeylanicum, a commonly used spice and well-known medicinal plant has been reported to have anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant and anti-microbial properties. We have investigated its anti-inflammatory activity using ethanol extract obtained from bark. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed targeting TNF-α using flow cytometry. Ethanol extract of C....
Potential therapeutic interventions on toll like receptors for clinical applications
February 2010
Toll like receptors (TLRs) function as pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and play key roles in the recognition of microbial components or endogenous ligands induced during inflammatory response. Studies on TLR-deficient mice have indicated TLRs' involvement in multiple pathologic conditions, and targeting of either the TLRs themselves or the signals they generate is proving to be of great interest to...
Validation and stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the determination of tadalafil API in pharmaceutical formulations
February 2010
The present study describes the development and subsequent of a stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the analysis of tadalafil. The samples separated on an Inertsil C18, (5 m , 150 mm x 4.6 mm i.d) by isocratic run using acetonitrile and phosphate buffer as mobile phase), with a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, and the determination wavelength was 260 nm for analysis of tadalafil. The described method...
Neuropharmacological effects of Sorghum bicolor leaf base extract
November 2009
The neuropharmacological effects of aqueous methanolic extract of leaf base ofSorghum bicolor were studied on Wistar rats and Swiss albino mice; evaluations were done on spontaneous motor activity, exploratory behaviour, apomorphine-induced stereotypic behaviour, pentobarbitone sleeping time and rota-rod performance for motor coordination. The results showed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the...
Synthesis, antimicrobial potential and toxicological activities of Ni(II) complex of mefloquine hydrochloride
November 2009
Transition metal complex of Ni(II) with mefloquine hydrochloride (antimalaria drug) was synthesized using a template method. Chemical analysis including conductivity measurements and spectroscopic studies were used to propose the geometry and mode of binding of the ligand to metal ion. From analytical data, the stoichiometry of the complex has been found to be 1:1. Infrared spectral data also suggest that the...
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