February 2014
Bacterial dynamics and chemical changes during the spontaneous production of the fermented porridge (Calugi) from cassava and corn
A traditional fermented porridge made from maize, cassava and rice, named calugi, was microbiologically and chemically analyzed. Our results show that aerobic mesophilic bacteria reached values of approximately 7 log CFU ml-1 and were the predominant group; acetic acid bacteria were also observed at the onset of fermentation (3.82 log CFU ml-1). The population of lactic acid bacteria was 3.7 log CFU ml-1 and remained...
February 2014
Genetic and morphologic variations during L-form conversion in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
The loss of cell wall in bacteria may result in uncoordinated propagation and occurrence of highly pleomorphic forms with new biologic characteristics, known as L-forms. The ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to survive and reproduce as L-forms is assumed to be an adaptive reaction towards unfavourable factors. In this respect, stress induced L-form conversion could provide an interesting opportunity to study...
February 2014
Synergic bactericidal activity of novel antibiotic combinations against extreme drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii
The emergence of extreme drug resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii represent a major problem in health care settings. Colistin is the only therapeutic option available for treatment of infections caused by such pathogens. Worryingly, colistin resistance recently emerged which may lead to the return to the pre antibiotic era. The aim of the present study was to assess for the first time the...
February 2014
Molecular characterization of diazotrophic bacteria isolated from rhizosphere of wheat cropping system from central plain region of Punjab
Soil is a hot spot for microbial diversity, however, the excessive use of agrochemicals have reduced natural microflora of soil. Soil samples were collected from central plain region of Punjab and geo-referenced. Physicochemical properties of the soil samples ranged from 5.9-8.7 (pH), 0.13-0.51 dSm-1 electrical conductivity (EC), 0.26 - 0.77% organic carbon (OC), 14 -119 ppm (ammonical N) and 28 -119 ppm (nitrate N)....
February 2014
Optimization of production of an extracellular alkaline protease by soil isolated bacillus species using submerged and solid- state fermentation with agricultural wastes
The present study focuses on the production of an extracellular alkaline protease enzyme from soil selected strains of various active solid substrates by Bacillus sp., screened from soil. Some fermentation conditions were studied aiming to improve enzyme production-substrate; pH 9.0 and incubation temperature of 37° C given the best results. For the enzyme activity stability, the following best conditions were...
February 2014
Molecular identification of different actinomycetes isolated from East Black Sea region plateau soil by 16S rDNA gene sequencing
In order to obtain different actinomycetes isolates from the East Black Sea Region plateau soil, an isolation study was carried out by using sucrose gradient method and different growth media. A molecular taxonomic method, 16S rDNA gene sequencing, was applied to obtain different actinomycetes isolates from East Black Sea region plateau soil. Phylogenetic dendrograms based on 16S rDNA nucleotide sequences were...
February 2014
Ultrastructure of the dikaryotic stage of anise rust, Puccinia pimpinellae (F. Strauss) Link.
This study examined the ultrastructure of urediniospores, teliospores, intercellular hyphae and haustoria of the rust fungus: Puccinia pimpinellae on Pimpinella anisum. The morphology and structure of urediniospores and teliospores is similar to those of most other Puccinia species. The ultrastructure of intercellular hyphae and haustoria is mainly similar to those of other rust fungi. The intercellular hyphae are...
February 2014
Comparative analysis of the miRNA profiles from Taenia solium and Taenia asiatica adult
Taenia solium and Taenia asiatica are zoonotic parasites which are transmitted between pigs and humans, with pigs acting as the intermediate host and humans as the definitive host. The aim of the present study was to compare the microRNA (miRNA) profiles between T. solium and T. asiatica by Solexa deep sequencing and bioinformatic analyses. A total of 18.26 and 15.24 million reads with high quality and three new miRNAs...
February 2014
Impact of partial milk substitution with cocoa powder on the properties of milk fermented by Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus
Milk powder was substituted by 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% (w/w) cocoa powder, and used for yoghurt production. Microbiological and physico-chemical analyses were carried out during fermentation and sensory profile of fermented products evaluated in comparison to plane commercial yoghurt. Adding cocoa powder induced an increase of the initial pH (p<0.05). A reduction (p<0.05) of the fermented products viscosity was...
February 2014
Comparison of DNA extraction methods for polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis of the infant fecal microbial communities
The study of the intestinal microflora has been developed mainly using conventional microbiological approaches. These studies have made ​​great progress, but it is imperative that new methods will be applied to facilitate scientific progress. Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) has been used to study microbial communities in many environmental samples. So, we must do our best...
February 2014
Antibiotics susceptibility patterns and characterization of clinical Salmonella serotypes in Katsina State, Nigeria
Serotyping characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella clinical isolates were examined for a period of 10-months to study the most frequently encountered serovars in salmonellosis and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Seven hundred and twenty (720) samples of both stool and blood specimens were collected from out patients attending three hospitals in Katsina State, Nigeria. The samples...
February 2014
Farnesol produced by the biocontrol agent Candida ernobii can be used in controlling the postharvest pathogen Penicillium expansum
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Candida ernobii strain Pg2-5 against postharvest disease of Penicillium expansum and to evaluate the possible mechanisms involved. Disc diffusion assay showed that Pg2-5 exhibited an inhibitory effect against P. expansum growth. An antifungal compound was isolated from the cell-free supernatant culture of Pg2-5 and identified as farnesol. The minimal inhibitory...
February 2014
Optimization of phytase production by Aspergillus japonicus Saito URM 5633 using cassava bast as substrate in solid state fermentation
Production of phytase by Aspergillus japonicus URM 5633 was investigated by solid state fermentation (SSF) using cassava bast as substrate. The effects of temperature, pH and initial moisture on phytase production were studied using a full factorial design 23. The maximum phytase activity was 174 U/g dry substrate. The optimum conditions for phytase production were pH 6.5 and 40% initial moisture at 26°C with 96 h...
February 2014
Optimization of Agaricus blazei laccase production by submerged cultivation with sugarcane molasses
Laccases are copper polyphenol oxidases that are interesting for several applications such as in the food industry, sewage treatment and decolorization. The use of agro-industrial byproducts allows bioprocesses development for the production of large quantities at viable cost enzymes. In this study, the laccase production of Agaricus blazei was optimized in submerged cultivation (SmC). First, the following...
February 2014
High prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers in fatal cases of pediatric septicemia among the Enterobacteriaceae in the pediatric hospital of Annaba, Algeria
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers and to perform molecular typing of ESBL-encoding genes in Enterobacteriaceae from clinical isolates recovered from blood samples of children in Annaba, Algeria. A total of 42 clinical isolates were collected from March 2010 to July 2011 from the pediatric hospital of Annaba. The strains were identified by...
February 2014
Effect of 2,4-D treatment and Azospirillum inoculation on growth of Cymbopogon winterianus
The association of Cymbopogon winterianus (Citronella), a member of the Poaceae family, with the N2-fixing bacteria, Azospirillum was examined to evaluate possible benefits for agriculture. The nodules on citronella were induced using plant growth regulator 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) 1.0 ppm in nitrogen free Hoagland’s solution. Concentration of 2,4-D greater than 1.0 ppm caused stunning and death,...
February 2014
Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos by co-culture of Cellulomonas fimi and Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Chlorpyrifos is one of the major organophosphorous pesticides used in agriculture to control insect pests. Due to the widespread toxicity of chlorpyrifos in the environment, exploration of various chlorpyrifos-degrading microbes to clean-up the pollutant is of immense importance. A bacterial strain (Cellulomonas fimi), that could transform chlorpyrifos to 3,5,6-trichloro-2 pyridinol (TCP) and a TCP utilizing fungal...
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