The study was designed to ascertain the use of library information services and resources and research productivity effectiveness of agricultural scientists in Nigeria specifically; the study determined whether there is different between research productivity effectiveness of agricultural scientists in the universities of agriculture and that of agricultural research institute. The study was guided by two research questions and two hypotheses. The researchers employed a descriptive survey research design and questionnaire was used for data collection. 701 respondents (460 and 241) from universities of agriculture and agricultural research institutes respectively were sampled out from a population of 1465 for the study. Data were analysed using mean, and standard deviation, while t-test was used to test the hypotheses. The finding showed that library information services were utilized to a large extent while most library information resources also had 2.50 and above mean score of utilization. The finding also indicated that there was no significant difference in the research productivity for agricultural scientists in the universities of agriculture and agricultural research institutes in Nigeria. It was recommended that agricultural scientists should effectively utilize library information services and resources especially e-resources and e-services to enhance their resource productivity.