2024-07-17T19:44:00Z https://academicjournals.org/oai-pmh/handler

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:FE5490D5781 2009-03-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

Play, unity and symbols: Parallels in the works of Froebel and Jung Kelly A. Russell and Jerry Aldridge Full Length Research Paper Fredrich Froebel is recognized as the father of kindergarten (Wolfe, 2002), but is it possible that Froebel had a significant influence in the field of analytical psychology? The ideas of Carl Jung, who pioneered the field of analytical psychology, bear striking similarities to Froebelrsquo;s ideas about play, unity and the use of symbols. The circumstances of their lives offer possible explanations for these similarities. Froebel and Jung were sons of ministers and both were criticized by traditional religious leaders. While Jung was born in Switzerland, Froebel was born in Thuringia which was a German Principality. Froebel did live in Switzerland for a time before being driven out by religious leaders of the Catholic faith. However, these simple coincidences could not possibly explain the similarities in their work. Froebel died in 1852, and Jung was not born until 1875. There is no possibility that these men could have ever conversed, but it can be argued that Froebel had a very important impact on Jungrsquo;s life and beliefs about play, unity and the use of symbols. It is probable that Jung attended a Froebelian kindergarten. By 1872, kindergarten had become mandatory throughout Switzerland, and Froebelrsquo;s method was the required curriculum (Stein, 1997). Because Jung was born in Switzerland in 1875, it is reasonable to assume that he would have been educated in the method of Froebel. This early influence could explain the remarkable parallels in their most fundamental ideas. This paper describes the parallels in the works of Froebel and Jung with regard to their ideas about play, unity and the use of symbols. Key words: Play, kindergarten, unity, symbols. Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/FE5490D5781 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000035 en Copyright © 2009 Kelly A. Russell and Jerry Aldridge

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:2D466235796 2009-03-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

The relationships between perceived stress for the future and coping strategies in times of social uncertainty: A study of Italian adolescents Silvia Ciairano, Palma Menna, Roberta Molinar and Laura Aleni Sestito Full Length Research Paper Rapid social and economic changes in most industrialized countries have increased the level of uncertainty and precariousness to which young people are exposed. Adolescents are increasingly preoccupied with their future in terms of education, jobs, and career. The current study was aimed at investigating: 1) the stress for the future and the coping styles; 2) gender, age, and living place differences in stress and coping; 3) the relationships between coping styles and future-related stress. 916 Italian adolescents of both sexes, ages 11 to 20, attending public middle and high schools in two living places with different levels of unemployment (lower in Turin, higher in Naples) participated in the study. Adolescents completed the questionnaires ldquo;Coping Across Situations Questionnairerdquo; and ldquo;Problem Questionnairerdquo;. Main findings showed that: 1) the adolescents perceive the future as the most stressful domain and they use active and internal coping more than withdrawal; 2) stress is higher among girls than boys; younger use coping strategies more than older; c) stress is higher in Turin and internal coping and withdrawal is higher in Naples; 4) stress is: a) positively related to active coping and negatively related to withdrawal (especially in Naples where there is also a negative relation with internal coping); b) withdrawal moderates the effect of active coping. When the context offers too few opportunities for the future, active coping seems ineffective in reducing perceived stress. Key words: Societal uncertainty, stress for the future, coping strategies, adolescents. Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/2D466235796 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000057 en Copyright © 2009 Silvia Ciairano, Palma Menna, Roberta Molinar and Laura Aleni Sestito

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:49597365760 2009-03-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

Eastern Roots of Psychology and Counseling Cecilia Lai Wan Chan, Ph.D., R.S.W., J.P Editorial Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/49597365760 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000012 en Copyright © 2009 Cecilia Lai Wan Chan, Ph.D., R.S.W., J.P

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:057260A5817 2009-04-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

The dance of the mind-body in psychology and counseling Rainbow T .H. Ho Ph.D Editorial Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/057260A5817 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000050 en Copyright © 2009 Rainbow T .H. Ho Ph.D

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:C5DF9795828 2009-04-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

The problem of qualia R. T. Oyelakin Full Length Research Paper The paper intends to research into the mind-body problem and examine an aspect of the current issue in the debate. An attempt to solve the mind/body problem has moved to the examination of the nature and property of consciousness. It is hoped that sufficient study and understanding of the nature and characteristics of consciousness could suffice for the solution to the age-old problem. This has generated series of arguments between the physicalists such as Paul and Patricia Churchland and the anti-physicalists such as Frank Jackson, about the possibility of the complete empirical explanation and reduction of the nature and property of the subjective aspect of consciousness. The former argue for the possibilities of the project while the latter dissent. That which would be left unexplained and unreduced is termed lsquo;qualiarsquo; or the phenomenal experience. The paper intends to examine some of the arguments on both sides and conclude that though much objective nature of consciousness could be explained, the phenomenal aspect of consciousness is going to be left unexplained and so unreduced by the physicalists. I will, in this respect, argue that the understanding of the nature of the phenomenal aspect of consciousness may assist some experts dealing with mental illnesses to tackle the problem of mental disorderliness in our society. Key words: Qualia, phenomenal experience, what it is to see red, raw feels, physicalists, anti-physicalists. Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/C5DF9795828 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000055 en Copyright © 2009 R. T. Oyelakin

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:4AC3FB05839 2009-04-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

Anorexia and bulimia nervosa: The scenario among Nigerian female students Dike I. P. Full Length Research Paper Eating disorders are a major source of physical and psychosocial morbidity among young women. The present study was two-fold; one was to confirm if such eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia which have plagued the developed western world have engulfed the women of Nigeria and to identify young Nigerian female students most at risk of subsequently developing an eating disorder. Anorexia and bulimia have for long been considered a western disorder or the disorder of the developed world but the results obtained clearly indicate that assumption is incorrect. 58% of the students involved in this study indicated a predisposition to two eating disorders namely: anorexia and bulimia. Key words: Eating disorders, anorexia, bulimia, Nigerian, female students. Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/4AC3FB05839 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000002 en Copyright © 2009 Dike I. P.

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:E2F91D15846 2009-04-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

Issues faced by therapists with visible disabilities: The role of transference, anxiety, and the notion of otherness in the therapeutic relationship Michael Axelman and Dokie Riahi Kashani Full Length Research Paper Historically, the view towards those with disabilities has ranged from divine reverence to complete social exclusion, with many holding attitudes that fluctuate between these polarities. Based on the notion of otherness and transference anxiety, such perspectives may impact the therapeutic alliance between able-body clients and a counselor with a visible disability. Two focus groups were held, exploring the complexities which may arise within the therapeutic relationship of an able-body client and a counselor with a visible disability. The exploratory investigation centered on: the underlying attitudes towards disabilities, role of disclosure, nature of disability, and clientrsquo;s self comparison. The focus groups yielded some preliminary findings which may guide therapists with visible disabilities with respect to building rapport and guiding disclosure of the disability. Key words: Counseling, physical disability, therapeutic alliance, attitudes. Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/E2F91D15846 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000028 en Copyright © 2009 Michael Axelman and Dokie Riahi Kashani

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:D0153E65861 2009-05-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

Do we still need Male Dominance? Prof. Narasappa Kumaraswamy Editorial Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/D0153E65861 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000011 en Copyright © 2009 Prof. Narasappa Kumaraswamy

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:8400FEE5876 2009-05-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

Men as partners in maternal health: Implications for reproductive health counselling in Rivers State, Nigeria Joseph B. Kinanee and Jessica Ezekiel-Hart Full Length Research Paper Over the years, the issue of maternal health has been predominantly seen and treated as a purely feminine matter. The involvement of men in ensuring and enhancing maternal health is actually a new idea, first hatched at a conference in Cairo in 1994, but not much has been done in practical terms in the developing world. This paper is aimed at examining the underlying problem that patriarchy in the African setting has created in relation to maternal health crisis in Nigeria, with particular reference to Rivers State (which equally holds true for other parts of Africa) and the need for men to have a change of attitude and become involved in contributing towards maternal health issues. The paper highlights some forms of cultural practices exacerbated by male dominance which affect maternal health negatively in Rivers State, and the possible roles men can play as partners in maternal health. This paper is not a research work, but a theoretical write-up based on the unwholesome circumstances women are subjected to, in the authorsrsquo; environment which greatly affect their maternal health. It is hoped that an examination of such situations will enable one see the need for male involvement in maternal health, not just in Rivers State of Nigeria, but in other parts of Africa where the patriarchal system is the order of the day in family relations. Key words: Maternal health, menrsquo;s participation, reproductive health, maternal mortality, counselling, Nigeria. Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/8400FEE5876 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000030 en Copyright © 2009 Joseph B. Kinanee and Jessica Ezekiel-Hart

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:C4033865889 2009-05-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

College students perception and awareness of the North Carolina Online sex offender registry Brandon Herman and L. Alvin Malesky, Jr Full Length Research Paper Public awareness of the North Carolina sex offender registry website as well as the perceived accuracy of the information posted on this website was examined. Two hundred and sixty individuals participated in this survey. Fifty-seven percent had previous knowledge of the website; however, only 27% of those who were aware of the website had actually accessed the online sex offender registry. Over 90% of respondents felt that the information contained on this website was accurate. Implications for public policy are discussed. Key words: Online sex offender registry websites, public notification, public perceptions of sex offenders. Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/C4033865889 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000007 en Copyright © 2009 Brandon Herman and L. Alvin Malesky, Jr

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:1343FF65908 2009-06-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

Counseling in Schools Sue Pattison, Ph.D., Accred MBACP., H.V., MA Couns. Editorial Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/1343FF65908 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000008 en Copyright © 2009 Sue Pattison, Ph.D., Accred MBACP., H.V., MA Couns.

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:2F61EB25923 2009-06-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

Enhancing the research prowess of emotionally tensed distance learners (DLS) through three behaviour techniques Osiki, Jonathan Ohiorenuan Full Length Research Paper Understanding the relationship between learnersrsquo; emotions and how they achieve academically is a regular research emphasis. And in particular, knowing how to select adequate Behaviour Techniques (BTS) and subsume that in psychotherapy to enhance the academic potentials of the Distant Learners (DLS) still constitute a challenge. Participants in the study are 1057 DLS graduates of the four academic sessions (1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000) in Education and Guidance and Counselling Baccalaureate Programme, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Using the Quasi-experimental and causal comparative research designs, participants were grouped along four interventions, with three BTS and the Control (CT); and were exposed to a four-week, face-to-face classroom lecture/review format. Adopting the descriptive statistics and ANCOVAR at the alpha level of 0.05, the findings showed that participants exposed to RT combined with AM(X=73.43) did better as compared to RT(X=71.23); REBT(X=69.56), AM (X=54.3) and the control(X=48.02) alone and was significant [F (3, 1053) =7.52; Plt;0.05] respectively. Overall, it further showed that participantsrsquo; research prowess improved tremendously with a significant treatment effect [F (7, 1049) =5.01; Plt;0.05]. Key word: Behaviour techniques, reframing, rational emotional behaviour technique, psychotherapies, assignment method, distance learners. Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/2F61EB25923 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000016 en Copyright © 2009 Osiki, Jonathan Ohiorenuan

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:47F8F515935 2009-06-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

Employment, experiences of intimate partner violence, and health related quality of life Kjersti Alsaker, Bente E. Moen and Valborg Baste Full Length Research Paper We wanted to study the relationship between being unemployed or not, health related quality of life (HRQOL), and intimate partner violence (IPV) among women who had just arrived at a womenrsquo;s shelter and one year later. This seems as an important issue as employment rates are quite low among abused women. In measuring HRQOL, SF-36 was used both at baseline and follow-up. Lower scores in SF-36 are reflecting poorer functioning. Physical and psychological violence at baseline were measured by Severity of Violence against Women Scale and Psychological Maltreatment of Women Index. T-tests were used in the comparing analyses among unemployed women with those who took part in work life outside their homes. Significantly more psychological violence was reported by those who were unemployed compared to those who were employed at baseline. No significant differences in physical violence were reported. Those who were unemployed had higher HRQOL in all domains both at baseline and in follow up except physical health at baseline and physical health and bodily pain at follow-up. Among women who had experienced IPV, psychological violence may lead to unemployment. Better physical health and less bodily pain were reported among the employed women than the unemployed, but other HRQOL domains were better among the unemployed. Keywords: Intimate partner violence, employment, quality of life. Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/47F8F515935 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000015 en Copyright © 2009 Kjersti Alsaker, Bente E. Moen and Valborg Baste

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:3B358F35949 2009-07-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

What is happening to me!! I really don’t know. How to tackle this question? Frenny Ann Philip, Shiv Pratap Singh Rana, Seema Mishra and Sushma Bhatnagar Case Report Cancer is a word which produces a certain amount of fear, especially in the hearts of those diagnosed with it. Though the advances in medical science have rendered certain types of cancer curable, majority of the malignancies still have a poor long term prognosis (Barchielli 1985, 1987; MLG Janssen-Heijnen et al., 2007). This can be especially in India due to late diagnosis, wrong treatment, inadequate treatment, lack of facilities, non-compliance and poverty and so on. This in the end leads to a confused, miserable patient who has neither any idea of what is happening to him nor what will happen to him (Twycross and Lichter, 1999). Below are 3 case histories which reflect the plight of the cancer patients who come to us seeking help for pain and distress. Key words: Cancer, prognosis, chemotherapy. Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/3B358F35949 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000062 en Copyright © 2009 Frenny Ann Philip, Shiv Pratap Singh Rana, Seema Mishra and Sushma Bhatnagar

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:BE66CA45959 2009-07-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

The incidence of pica in a sample of dialysis patients M. A. Stillman and E. A. Gonzalez Full Length Research Paper End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) occurs when the kidneys are no longer able to function at a level necessary for day to day life. Pica refers to the persistent, compulsive craving for and ingestion of nonfood items and certain food items. ESRD may constitute a potent stress and stimulus for pica, especially in those patients with an underlying cultural predisposition. The occurrence of pica in a South Florida dialysis unit was studied via a carefully designed a pica questionnaire aimed towards creating a human connection. A significantly greater proportion of subjects endorsing pica practices were found in the dialysis group (38.3%) as compared to the control group (16%). Dialysis patients endorsing pica behaviors were significantly younger than those who denied pica behavior. Additionally there was a significantly greater proportion of females endorsing pica behaviors. Odds ratios analyses revealed greater odds of engaging in pica behaviors for Black participants than Hispanics or Whites. Pagophagia (ice pica) was the most frequently reported type of pica practice. The incidence of pica in this study was considerably higher than that which had been found in past studies. This likely resulted from the unique manner in which the information was educed. Implications and suggestions for future research directions are discussed. Key words: Chronic kidney failure, dialysis, pica, pagophagia, geophagia, behavioral medicine, health psychology. Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/BE66CA45959 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000053 en Copyright © 2009 M. A. Stillman and E. A. Gonzalez

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:804D9045972 2009-08-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

Therapy, Education and Technology Sue Pattison Editorial Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/804D9045972 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000060 en Copyright © 2009 Sue Pattison

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:38614F95981 2009-08-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

Socio – economic status and personality type as correlates of spouse abuse behaviour in Rivers state Sunday Nsirimobi Ordu Full Length Research Paper This study investigated socio-economic status and personality type as correlates of spouse abuse behaviour in Rivers State. The purpose of the study was to determine the degree and nature of association among Socio-Economic Status, gender and religion, as well as predict spouse behaviour. Three research questions and three null hypotheses were examined in the study. The correlational design was adopted in the study. Data collected from 500 subjects with the aid of a 43-item spouse abuse behaviour questionnaire were analyzed with multiple regression and path analytic models. It was found that there was no significant correlation among socio-economic status, personality type and spouse abuse behaviour. The moderating impact of the secondary independent variables, gender, religion, were not significantly correlated among socio-economic status, personality type and spouse behaviour in the study respectively. On the basis of these findings, counsellors and psychologists should not rely on the level of socio-economic status and personality type to predict the spouse abuse behaviour since socio-economic status and personality type did not correlate significantly with spouse abuse behaviour. Counsellors, teachers and psychologists should not rely on the basis of religion and gender to predict spouse abuse behaviour since they did not significantly moderate the correlation among socio-economic status, personality type and spouse abuse behaviour. Since this study has actually established that socio-economic status, personality type, gender and region were not significantly predictors of spouse abuse behaviour among couples in Rivers state, it was recommended that the State Government should without further delay come up with a policy statements under the urgent need for the introduction of premarital education and counseling programme in the state school in order to facilitate preventive counseling against spouse abuse behaviour. It was also recommended that marriage seminars and workshops which could help minimize disunity in families should be organized and couples of various level should be encouraged to attend. Key words: Socio-economic status, personality type, gender and religion, spouse behaviour. Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/38614F95981 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000043 en Copyright © 2009 Sunday Nsirimobi Ordu

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:46C94215995 2009-08-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

Attitude as a factor in men’s and women’s participation in technical education in Botswana: Implications for counseling education Raditloaneng Wapula Nelly Full Length Research Paper The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the importance of attitude as a factor that reinforces and disproportionately affects boys and girls on one hand, and men and women on the other. The main argument posed in the paper is that attitudes are an important factor in the way men and women are disproportionately participate and are affected by access to technical training and work based learning opportunities. The camp of transformation and critical feminist thinkers who view part of the overall mission of Adult Education as critical feminist pedagogy call for the need for an inclusive technical training for both men and women, as part of the global initiative to ensure gender equality in access to technical education. Gender research and literature that inform this paper, and the empirical study conducted under the auspices of Botswana Training Authority metaphorically conceive technical training as a male province while women have remained relatively invisible, partly due to unfavorable attitudes, in training and employment opportunities in the technical sector. The post independence Botswana as a nation has worked towards a reversal of this trend by creating the necessary housing infrastructure, and striving to gradually reshape the trend by mainstreaming gender on a pilot basis in some government ministries. As a nation, Botswana can take pride in mainstreaming gender as a step in the right direction towards redressing gender inequality in technical training. However, a lot can be achieved through addressing negative attitudes that men are the most suited for technical training and employment than women. Key words: Technical education, attitudes, technical training, gender. Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/46C94215995 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000003 en Copyright © 2009 Raditloaneng Wapula Nelly

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:36712D46010 2009-09-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

Development of prayer in adolescence and youth Magorzata Tatala Review The study was designed to address the following research question: what does the development of prayer look like in adolescent and youth? The study presented the specifics of prayer from adolescence to early adulthood. At every stage prayer takes on a different form; however the same characteristics can appear in neighbouring or more distant phases. Features signifying more mature religiousness can disappear both temporarily and permanently. Nevertheless, the development of prayer communication is not sudden, it is gradual and fluid. Sometimes one form of prayer is maintained while new ones are formed. Key words: Development, Prayer, Adolescence, Youth Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/36712D46010 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000010 en Copyright © 2009 Magorzata Tatala

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:6ECAB816026 2009-09-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

Interference of first language in the acquisition of second language Avanika Sinha, Niroj Banerjee, Ambalika Sinha and Rajesh Kumar Shastri Review This review paper focused on the issue of language acquisition and the interference created by first language (L1) on the learning of second language (L2). Efforts were made to find out the factors that play a major role in this dysfunction of language acquisition. Further, what type of standardized measures or training should be employed, so that an individualrsquo;s weak performance would be eliminated and she/he could do well academically as well as professionally. Key words: Language acquisition, interference, standard measures, first language, second language. Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/6ECAB816026 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000026 en Copyright © 2009 Avanika Sinha, Niroj Banerjee, Ambalika Sinha and Rajesh Kumar Shastri

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:8E8EE5741209 2009-10-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

What makes a difference in on-line impressions? Avatars, attribution, and cognitive processes Ho-Kyung Kim and Keith E. Davis Full Length Research Paper This study examined how perceivers with initial negative expectations about a chat partner developed their final expectations in text versus avatar-based settings, and which computer-mediated communication (CMC) environments exhibited higher attributional confidence in these impressions. Experimental conditions indicated that when participants attributed the personrsquo;s negative behaviors to the situational contexts, they perceived the personrsquo;s reactions to strangers less negatively, as opposed to those who attributed to the personrsquo;s negative actions to the personrsquo;s dispositions, regardless of the degree of cognitive busyness. On the other hand, participants formed negative impressions regarding the personrsquo;s reactions to new relationship, regardless of what information they had and how distracted they were. No significant difference in attributional confidence existed as a function of cognitive busyness conditions within different CMC situations. Interestingly, participants who received the graphic-based identity cues were more likely to identify say that the female#39;s situation changed her attitudes toward strangers than those who received the text-based cues. In person perception through online communication environment, avatar messages could provide more personal and positive information to explain a personrsquo;s unexpected, negative behaviors. Key words: Impression, confirmation bias, cognitive busyness, avatar, attribution. Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/8E8EE5741209 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000063 en Copyright © 2009 Ho-Kyung Kim and Keith E. Davis

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:86F443A41211 2009-10-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

Parental support as mediator between optimism and depression in early adolescents Melisa Sumer, Fabrizia Giannotta, Michele Settanni and Silvia Ciairano Full Length Research Paper A number of studies showed a relation between parental support and depression and between optimism and depression. However there is a lack of studies that considered together the influence of parental support and dispositional optimism on depression in early adolescence. In the current study we examined the mediating role of parental support on the relation between optimism and depression in a community sample consisting of 149 middle school students (68 boys and 81 girls) aged from 12 to 13 (mean age = 12.60, SD = 0.60) and living in an urban area in Northern Italy. In order to assess the level of optimism, we used the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R; Scheier et al., 1994). The Childrenrsquo;s Depression Inventory (CDI; Kovacs, 1985) and the Network of Relationship Inventory (NRI; Furman, Laursen and Mooney, 1985) were used to investigate respectively depression and parental support. Using the approach proposed by Baron and Kenny (1986), we found a partially mediating effect of parental support between optimism and depression. That is, adolescents who perceived higher dispositional optimism were also less depressed. However, the negative effect of lack of optimism was mediated by parental support, which in turn negatively affected depression. Implications for practice as the possibility to work with parents in order to improve the psychological condition of pessimistic early adolescents were discussed. Key words: Optimism, parental support, mediation, depression, early adolescents. Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/86F443A41211 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000033 en Copyright © 2009 Melisa Sumer, Fabrizia Giannotta, Michele Settanni and Silvia Ciairano

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:B9B6FCD41210 2009-10-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

Factors in the career decision-making of nurses in Rivers State of Nigeria: Implications for counselling Joseph B. Kinanee Full Length Research Paper This paper investigated the factors in the career decision-making of nurses in Rivers State of Nigeria. The sample was made up of 128 participants, comprising an equal number of nurses and student-nurses selected from three health institutions in Rivers State of Nigeria; two General Hospitals and a School of Nursing. A standardized instrument titled ldquo;Motivation for Occupational Preference Scalerdquo; (MOPS) was administered to elicit information about the relative influence of the external and internal variables on the vocational choice of nurses. Three null hypotheses were formulated for the study; the data obtained were analysed using the chi-square technique for the first two hypotheses, and the t-test statistic for the third. The results showed no significant relationship between external variables and career decision-making; a significant relationship between internal influence and career decision-making; and no significant sex difference in the career decision-making factors of nurses. Based on the findings, counselling implications and recommendations were made. Key words: Motivation, career choice, nursing, counselling, vocation, MOPS. Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/B9B6FCD41210 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000018 en Copyright © 2009 Joseph B. Kinanee

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:FDCDF0114243 2009-11-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

Support groups for HIV positive mentally ill patients M. Y. H. Moosa, G. Jonsson, F. Y. Jeenah, J. Michael and L. De Wee Full Length Research Paper The aim of this study was to describe the demographics, clinical characteristics and expectations of the members of a newly established support group for HIV positive mentally ill patients. The factors associated with disclosure of status and expectations of the group, were also to be determined. All mental health care users, aged 18 years and older, with HIV and admitted to Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital (CHBH) between March and June 2008 were invited to participate in the support group at Luthando Psychiatric HIV clinic. All the members of the support group were asked to complete a questionnaire at the first group session they attended. The questions related to demographic data (age, gender, home language, employment status, marital status, level of education, number of children); clinical data [past psychiatric illness; current diagnosis, on Antiretroviral treatment (ART)]; if they had disclosed their HIV status and the expectations of the members of the group were collected. All fifty members of the support group volunteered to complete the questionnaire resulting in a 100% response rate. The majority of the subjects were in the age range 26 - 35 years (44%); female (78%); single (88%); had 2 or more children (71%); had less than a grade 10 level of education (44%) and were unemployed (68%). The common spoken first languages of the subjects were Zulu (34%) and Tswana (20%). Only 6% of the subjects reported English as their first language. Approximately two thirds (60%) of the subjects had been diagnosed with a psychiatric illness. The current diagnoses of the members of the group included mood or psychotic symptoms secondary to HIV (25%); bipolar disorder (33%); anxiety disorders (3%) and schizophrenia (3%). Only one third of the group had been commenced on antiretroviral treatment (ARV) treatment. Two out of every three members (68%) in the group were aware of their HIV status for longer than six months. The majority (70%) of the members of the group had disclosed their status either to a family member of friend. The common expectations of the group included education (36%) and support (32%), whilst 32% had other expectations or were unsure of their expectations. This study found that mostly young females, who had dealt with the issues of disclosure of their diagnosis to a family member or friend, joined the support group with the expectation of receiving emotional support and education. The inability of individuals to cope with the burden of HIV and AIDS and a co-morbid mental illness may be associated with feelings of hopelessness and a depressed mood which may lead to decreased adherence to medication regimes, suppression of immunity and accelerated disease progression. This may also be closely associated with HIV transmission risk behaviours and increased risk of suicide attempts. It is imperative that all mentally ill patients with HIV and AIDS receiving ART be a member of a support group as it will help improve adherence and functioning. Key words: support group, HIV/AIDS, mental illness, antiretroviral treatment (ART) Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/FDCDF0114243 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000048 en Copyright © 2009 M. Y. H. Moosa, G. Jonsson, F. Y. Jeenah, J. Michael and L. De Wee

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:A3FB97714245 2009-11-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

Risk starvation contributes to dementias and depressions: Whiffs of danger are the antidote Robin Pope Review This paperrsquo;s objective is to use SKAT, the authorrsquo;s Stages of Knowledge Ahead Theory of risk, to shed fresh light on the treatment and prevention of mental disorders. SKAT employs a broad definition of risk that allows for nice ndash; not merely nasty ndash; possibilities. SKAT is here shown to solve eight epidemiological puzzles left unexplained by our current theories and associated treatments for the demented and depressed. SKAT does so by enabling a decision model of mental health that puts centre stage why people (and other soft-wired animals) have brains ndash; to make decisions under risk. To make good decisions (be healthy), brains need exercise. Brains get beneficial exercise from what the paper terms ldquo;whiffs of dangerrdquo;, namely sets of risks with the characteristics that the risks are 1) tiny, 2) varied, and 3) frequent. Brains deteriorate when there are shortfalls in such risk exercise. The paper terms such shortfalls ldquo;risk starvationrdquo;. Those lacking a history of whiffs find normal mishaps too stressful and frequently become depressed. A lot of time with an inadequate amount of whiffs generates the endemic co-morbidity of becoming demented as well as depressed. Socio-economic cultural changes such as the introduction of unemployment benefits and old age pensions and increasing protection of women and children have had the beneficial effects of removing big challenges and big dangers and thus of prolonging physical longevity. But these changes also removed the tiny challenges and tiny dangers formerly faced by those sub-groups in the population identified as more prone to depressions and dementias. Unintentionally, these sub-groups thus were deprived of whiffs of danger, and suffered from risk starvation. In both drug and psychotherapeutic stress research and treatments of the depressed and demented, there should be injections of whiffs of danger to enhance the likelihood of enduring improvements. It is unkind and dangerous for peoplersquo;s brains to be treated with drugs while maintaining the modern socioeconomic culture of coddling parents and coddling college / university student counsellors, coddling unemployment benefits and coddling old age pensions. These coddles need to be complemented with whiffs of danger, tiny varied chances and challenges. These whiffs of danger need to be introduced in three forms: eliciting social security recipientsrsquo; whiffs of danger in the form of little obligations to help the community; educating the poor and other sub-groups that believe closeting females at home endangers their mental health; and educating parents on the damage from overprotection. Overprotection prevents children from becoming inoculated against depression with sensible hope developed over a childhood in which they were allowed to experience numerous failures, not merely numerous successes from parents too closely engineering their environment. Research is required on the likely role of risk starvation in mental disorders other than dementias and depressions and in some physical illnesses. Key words: Stress, whiffs of danger, decision, dementia, depression, risk starvation, risk, learning, hope, fear, risk-based emotions. Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/A3FB97714245 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000039 en Copyright © 2009 Robin Pope

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:C6C9B4814247 2009-12-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

Students’ test anxiety, motivation for examinations and science achievement in junior secondary schools in Ogun State, Nigeria R. A. Olatoye (PhD) Full Length Research Paper This study investigated the relative and combined influences of test anxiety and motivation for examinations on science achievement of selected Junior Secondary School students in Ogun State, Nigeria. Twelve secondary schools were randomly selected from the list of secondary schools in all the four divisions of Ogun State. A sample of three hundred and sixty students selected from twelve schools participated in the study. Three instruments were used to collect data. Test anxiety and motivation for examinations accounted for 14.6% of the total variance in science achievement. (R square = 0.146, p lt; 0.05). This percentage is statistically significant. There is negative significant relationship between test anxiety and science achievement (r = -0.228, p lt; 0.05) and positive significant relationship between motivation for examinations and science achievement (r = +0.333, p lt; 0.05). Teachers and counselors should motivate students for examinations by providing necessary materials and equipping them with techniques of tackling questions. Key words: Test anxiety, examinations, motivation, science achievement, junior secondary school, Ogun State, Nigeria. Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/C6C9B4814247 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000046 en Copyright © 2009 R. A. Olatoye (PhD)

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:9A8002F14246 2009-12-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2009

The role of personal adjustment to developmental crises in improving quality of life Magorzata Tatala Review The paper discusses the issue of quality of life with the special focus on its developmental aspects. Conceptualisation of the notion of quality of life was based on the views proposed by Tomaszewski and Kowalik. An interesting complement to these approaches is provided by Eriksonrsquo;s theory of psychosocial development. Although Erikson did not undertake an empirical study on the issue of quality of life, the developmental crises distinguished by him can be related to the process of improvement of quality of life. Successful solving of the crises and developmental achievements were analysed in eight developmental stages. In the final part of the paper the relationship between the quality of life and the hierarchy of needs according to Maslow is presented. Moreover, the practical implications of the presented issues are raised. Key words: Quality of life, quality of life in the context of development, developmental crises. Academic Journals 2009 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/9A8002F14246 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000058 en Copyright © 2009 Magorzata Tatala

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:C76E5AE14249 2010-06-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2010

Work-family role conflict and organizational commitment among industrial workers in Nigeria D. I. Akintayo Full Length Research Paper This study investigated the impact of work-family role conflict on organizational commitment of industrial workers in Nigeria. The descriptive survey research method was adopted for the study. A total of 247 respondents were selected for the study using proportionate stratified sampling technique. Instruments used for data collection are: Work-family role conflict scale and organizational commitment scale. Linear regression analysis and t-test were used to test hypotheses that were generated for the study at 0.05 alpha levels. Finding reveals that there was a significant contribution of work-family role conflict to organizational commitment. Also, it was found that a significant difference exists between married and single respondents` experience of work-family role conflict. Moreover, the finding shows that there was a significant difference between organizational commitment of male and female respondents based on work-family role conflict. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that organizational support programme needs to be introduced and provided for all levels of workers in order to reduce the burden of work-family role conflict interface and virtually induced commitment to their jobs. The level of family responsibilities of the workers need to be considered during recruitment, in assigning responsibilities and placement process in order to foster organizational commitment. Key words: Work-family, role conflict, organizational commitment, industrial workers, Nigeria. Academic Journals 2010 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/C76E5AE14249 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000064 en Copyright © 2010 D. I. Akintayo

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:CA1378D14251 2010-06-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2010

The meaning of life: Health, disease, and the naturopathy Suliddin Hamidli, Ayen Yetkin and Yalccedil;n Yetkin Full Length Research Paper The meaning of life is what humans expect of it. The quality of life is explained by social concepts. Life has to do with maintaining the functions of biological systems. Organisms must be healthy to maintain their life. Health is a perfect working condition of the body. Disease is a divergence from normal physiological conditions of the organism in question. The cause of most diseases can be traced to physiology and its effect on humans. Obesity is one of the contemporary diseases that are psychologically tied. For this reason, some clinical applications have been used, including exercise, diet and some surgical methods. However, alternative remedies are been applied and they include herbal therapy, hunger, aromatherapy, musical, color and magnet therapies, yoga and acupuncture amongst others for one to stay healthy. The above examples are referred to as naturopathy. Hunger is a psychological stimulus and not a pathological condition. When the glycogen level in the liver or glucose in the blood falls below a ratio, this is usually followed by a desire to eat. The often unpleasant feeling originates in the hypothalamus. Hunger is seen in different religions of the world as a rule. Hunger, as a cure or remedy to diseases, has been used at different times because of its numerous advantages. In some cases, hunger makes one to be contented, and patient with life; it also brings about good health, as staying hungry can help one to fight against obesity. Using hunger as a form of treatment to stay healthy should not be considered at any time as torture. Key words: Philosophy of life, health, disease, naturopathy, human. Academic Journals 2010 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/CA1378D14251 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000054 en Copyright © 2010 Suliddin Hamidli, Ayen Yetkin and Yalccedil;n Yetkin

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:8AB234A14255 2010-08-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2010

Jing Qicheng: The leading figure of contemporary Chinese psychology Zhang Yun, Yang Wendeng and Ye Haosheng Review Jing Qicheng was the most distinguished psychologist of contemporary China and also the spokesman of Chinese psychology around the international arena after the opening and reform of China. With a broad view, he was both an experimental psychologist of high attainments and a theoretical psychologist with profound knowledge. This paper does not deal with his contributions in cognitive and developmental psychology, but analyzes his international psychological thoughts and practices from a theoretical perspective. It is observed that Jing Qicheng not only endeavored in his writings to bridge the gap between Chinese and western psychologies (both introducing foreign psychologies to China and advocating Chinese psychology abroad), but also, he actively participated in the organization and practice of international psychology. As a leader of the international union of psychological science, he organized and hosted the 28th International Congress of Psychology in 2004. Through his life, he had contributed significantly in highlighting the international aspect of psychology, promoting the exchange of international psychology and pushing Chinese psychology into the world stage. Key words: Jing Qicheng, international psychology, Chinese Psychological Society, International Union of Psychological Science, practice. Academic Journals 2010 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/8AB234A14255 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000029 en Copyright © 2010 Zhang Yun, Yang Wendeng and Ye Haosheng

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:EE6532B14261 2010-08-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2010

International students’ race-ethnicity, personality and acculturative stress Senel Poyrazli, Rajat K. Thukral and Erdinc Duru Full Length Research Paper The present study is an investigation of how personality, gender, age, and race-ethnicity factors are related to the acculturative stress of international students. The participants were 613 international students enrolled in a U.S. University. The students completed the online surveys that included Acculturative Stress Scale for International Students, the Big Five Inventory and a demographic questionnaire. Results showed that only one personality type, neuroticism was significantly correlated with the overall acculturative stress. Neuroticism was also significantly related to perceived discrimination, homesickness, fear, and perceived hate/rejection sub factors of acculturative stress. Openness was positively related with homesickness and negatively related with age. Other results indicated are that compared to the European students, African, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Middle Eastern students reported having significantly higher levels of acculturative stress. The results of this study imply that counseling center personnel need to identify the high risk groups for acculturative stress and provide psychoeducational intervention programs. Further implications are discussed. Key words: Acculturative stress, race-ethnicity, international students, personality. Academic Journals 2010 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/EE6532B14261 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000027 en Copyright © 2010 Senel Poyrazli, Rajat K. Thukral and Erdinc Duru

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:A0F9CE714271 2010-09-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2010

Bridging gender equity gap in Africa: A psycho-historical exposition of Efunsetan Aniwura Ilesanmi Oluwatoyin Olatundun Review Efunsetan Aniwura is an example of an African woman who stood against male chauvinism and gender inequity in her time. She wielded economic power in that she owned her own household full of slaves. As her name depicts ldquo;Aniwurardquo; meaning ldquo;owner of wealthrdquo;, was a woman of wealth and spiritual depth in power and authority. A psycho-historical exposition of her personality will reveal the male chauvinistic character of the African society as well as its traditional role of silencing women in the past. This psycho-historical exposition of the personality of Efunsetan Aniwura will no doubt assist in the creation of enabling environment for the present African women to participate in the national development of low-income earning nations of Africa. Realizing Africarsquo;s androcentric cultural and social leaning, this study will also aid in suggesting some extra and special measures that are required to enhance equitable participation of women in national development. Through the pains and agony of Efunsetan Aniwura, this paper identifies the root of gender inequity and discusses issues relating to gender equity in national development in Africa. It suggests practical approaches to equitable participation of women in nation building Key words: Bridging, gender, equity gap, psycho-historical exposition, Efunsetan Aniwura. Academic Journals 2010 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/A0F9CE714271 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000006 en Copyright © 2010 Ilesanmi Oluwatoyin Olatundun

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:AEA364D14274 2010-09-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2010

A study of the general perceptual ability of mainstream and high-risk students in Nigeria Atubobaralabi Jamabo and Tamunoimama Jamabo Full Length Research Paper This study investigated whether or not academically high-risk students of Junior Secondary School 2 students in Rivers State of Nigeria differed from their mainstream counterparts with regard to their perceptual organisation. The ex post facto research design was used with a hypothesis guiding the study. Stratified random sampling was used in drawing a sample of 1,205 subjects. The survey utilized the Perceptual Organization Visual Battery Test (POVBT) for data collection. The major finding of the study was that there is a significant difference between high-risk and mainstream students in general perception as a complex psychological phenomenon. Recommendations included identifying and fitting the perceptual structure of the learner to the entire learning situation and exposing such instructional techniques to the learners in which they would benefit more. Key words: Nigeria, perceptual ability, high-risk students, mainstream students. Academic Journals 2010 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/AEA364D14274 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000001 en Copyright © 2010 Atubobaralabi Jamabo and Tamunoimama Jamabo

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:03C34A214278 2010-09-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2010

Influence of family attachment styles on premarital sexuality of secondary school students in Rivers state, Nigeria Atubobaralabi Jamabo and Tamunoimama Jamabo Full Length Research Paper This study is aimed at determining the influence of family attachment style on premarital sexuality of secondary school students in Rivers State, Nigeria. The survey data collected from a sample of 1000 secondary school two (SS2) were used for the study. Face and construct validity using factorial design to determine the factor structure of the instrument Cronbach-Alpha consistency coefficients at 0.73; and test-retest reliability determined as 0.87, so the instrument is considered valid and reliable. The one-way analysis of variance was used in testing the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The results obtained showed a significant influence between family attachment style and premarital sexuality. The pattern of significant influence of family attachment styles on premarital sexuality is explored using Fisherrsquo;s least significant difference (LSD) post hoc pair wise multiple comparison analysis. It was recommended among others that parents should encourage the development of a secure and enduring attachment relationship with their children. Key words: Family attachment, premarital sexuality, peripheral sexual activities, coition, Nigeria. Academic Journals 2010 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/03C34A214278 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000023 en Copyright © 2010 Atubobaralabi Jamabo and Tamunoimama Jamabo

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:B4F585114280 2010-09-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2010

Parental influence on Mexican American students’ academics Tracy Schumann Full Length Research Paper This study examined how Mexican American parents influence their adolescent childrenrsquo;s academics. Eleven Mexican American high school students took part in this study which occurred in a small Midwestern town. Four factors of parental influence were examined using questionnaires that were administered through interviews. The factors of parental influence were: parental ability to help with academics, parental support, parental monitoring and parental education level. It was hypothesized that Mexican American parents who are able to provide support and monitoring, and who have the ability to help their adolescent students with school work will positively influence their adolescents academically. It was also hypothesized that the more education the parents have, the better their children will do with their academics. Key words: Mexican American, adolescents, parenting, academics. Academic Journals 2010 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/B4F585114280 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000032 en Copyright © 2010 Tracy Schumann

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:146D16414287 2010-10-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2010

Working hours and psychological health among Japanese restaurant services workers Yasumasa Otsuka and Megumu Tatemaru Full Length Research Paper The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between the number of working hours and psychological health among restaurant services workers compared to office workers in the restaurant industry. Research participants are 1,107 workers in restaurant services. Analyses of variance were performed to test the association of negative emotions, fatigue, and concentration/activity levels, measured by the ldquo;subjective symptomsrdquo; subscale of the self-diagnosis check list for assessment of workerrsquo;s accumulated fatigue, as dependent variables, and occupation (services worker vs. office worker) and number of working hours per day (ldquo;8 h or lessrdquo;, ldquo;8 to 10 hrdquo;, ldquo;10 to 12 hrdquo;, or ldquo;12 h or morerdquo;) as independent variables. There was a significant main effect of the number of working hours on negative emotions and concentration/activity levels, suggesting that long working hours were associated with a high level of negative emotions and low concentration/activity levels. The interaction between number of working hours and occupation had a significant effect on fatigue. Post hoc comparisons in each occupation indicated that the fatigue scores in each working-hour group were significantly different among service workers. Reducing the number of working hours is essential to maintain employeesrsquo; health, especially restaurant services workersrsquo; subjective fatigue. Key words: Working hours, fatigue, negative emotions, concentration/activity levels, restaurant services workers. Academic Journals 2010 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/146D16414287 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000065 en Copyright © 2010 Yasumasa Otsuka and Megumu Tatemaru

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:0B7300814291 2010-10-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2010

Perfectionism and five-big model of personality in an Iranian sample Siamak Khodarahimi Full Length Research Paper The purpose of this research was to examine the perfectionism and five big personality relationships, as well as the possible effects of gender and age group differences on these in Iranian adolescents and young adultsrsquo; sample. The sample included 136 adolescents and 184 young adults that were selected randomly from the Shiraz city, Fars province, Iran. A demographic questionnaire, the Ahwaz Perfectionism Inventory (API) and the NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) were used in this study. Analysis indicated there are significant negative correlation coefficients between perfectionism, neuroticism and agreeableness, but there are no significant correlation coefficients between perfectionism, extraversion, openness to experience and conscientiousness. However, a MANOVA rejected the effects of gender and gender-aged group interaction significant effects in perfectionism and personality. Finally, the multiple regressions indicated that only neuroticism explained perfectionism variation in females, males, adolescents, young adults and the total sample. Key words: Perfectionism, five big personality, adolescents, young adult, gender. Academic Journals 2010 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/0B7300814291 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000034 en Copyright © 2010 Siamak Khodarahimi

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:F1987CF14297 2010-11-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2010

Factors associated with satisfaction in career counselling Leehu Zysberg Full Length Research Paper This study examined factors associated with usersrsquo; satisfaction in career counseling settings. It is hypothesized that both expectation management and the rapport established with the counselor will determine usersrsquo; satisfaction of the process and its outcomes. Two hundred and forty-seven Israeli participants agreed to fill out a questionnaire assessing the career counseling process they went through, 3 - 10 months after its completion. Results suggest overall moderate levels of satisfaction of the whole process, while multiple step-wise regressions supported our hypotheses regarding the roles of expectations, expectation management and rapport (secure, open relationship) with the counselor in overall satisfaction. Structural equation modeling supported a moderating model, discussed in light of existing evidence and potential for future studies. Key words: Career counselling, expectations, rapport, satisfaction, moderating model Academic Journals 2010 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/F1987CF14297 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000017 en Copyright © 2010 Leehu Zysberg

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:8F10AA014302 2010-11-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2010

Role of energy psychology in treatment of road accident trauma Zaved Ahmed Khan, Shahila Zafar, Pratima Giri and Kumari Priyamveda Full Length Research Paper Stress reactions after a road accident may include the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety disorders, as well as other psychiatric conditions such as prolonged grief reactions, somatisation and substance abuse. This paper reviews the approach, considers the viability and offers a framework for applying energy psychology in treating road accident trauma patients. Energy psychologies have been dubbed quot;power therapiesquot; because they work so quickly compared to the traditional talk therapy. This appears to be due in part because they target the more primitive parts of the brain. These would include the Limbic system, the Medulla Oblongata and the Enkephalin system, which is in every cell of the body. Key words: Energy psychology, road accident, trauma, therapy. Academic Journals 2010 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/8F10AA014302 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000040 en Copyright © 2010 Zaved Ahmed Khan, Shahila Zafar, Pratima Giri and Kumari Priyamveda

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:3FCABD714306 2010-12-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2010

“The impact of couple therapy based on attachment” in deterministic thinking and marital satisfaction among couples Masoudeh Honarian, Jalal Younesi, Abdollah Shafiabadi and Gholamreza Nafissi Full Length Research Paper The research, before and after study, was done with the purpose of examining effectiveness of couple therapy based on attachment in relation to decreasing of deterministic thinking and increasing of marital satisfaction among couples. Twenty couples were referred to consultation and health centers in three areas of Tehran (Iran) and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group was exposed to couple therapy in ten weekly 1.5 h sessions and the control group was in the waiting list. The dependent variables of this research were evaluated through questionnaires of the short Persian version of Enrich Marital Satisfaction, and Deterministic Thinking before and after the therapy. Then the data was analyzed using an ANCOVA Analysis. The results indicated that the couple therapy based on attachment was the most effective. Key words: Couple therapy, attachment, marital satisfaction, deterministic thinking, couples. Academic Journals 2010 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/3FCABD714306 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000005 en Copyright © 2010 Masoudeh Honarian, Jalal Younesi, Abdollah Shafiabadi and Gholamreza Nafissi

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:474909214310 2010-12-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2010

Types of services for children infected and affected by HIV and AIDS: Results and implications of a Zimbabwean study Magen Mhaka-Mutepfa Full Length Research Paper This study aimed to explore types of support children infected and affected by HIV and AIDS receive from public and civic organizations. The extent to which the types of support (that is, emotional, mental, spiritual, social welfare and educational support) were received was studied. Purposive sampling was used to select 105 students (mean age = 13.2; S.D = 2.9) in a city district. Data on types of support received by children affected by HIV were gathered from Heads of schools and the orphaned children using self administered questionnaires. Participants provided quantitative and qualitative data on the types of support they were rendered. The results showed that some of the affected children received educational support. Medical, social welfare, nutritional and psycho-social support were also received on a minute scale. Key words: Psycho-social support, infected, affected, orphans, civic organizations, public welfare. Academic Journals 2010 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/474909214310 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000061 en Copyright © 2010 Magen Mhaka-Mutepfa

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:A42596514325 2011-01-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

Self-esteem and life satisfaction as mediators between parental bonding and psychological well-being in Japanese young adults Niwako Yamawaki, Julie Ann Peterson Nelson and Mika Omori Full Length Research Paper Today, Japanese young adults are at increased risk for psychiatric disorders. Given that the presence of mental illness early in life increases the risk of further depressive episodes in later life and that psychiatric disorders are associated with college attrition rates and academic performance, investigating the mechanisms contributing to college studentsrsquo; mental health is crucial. This study explored the mediating roles of self-esteem and life satisfaction in the relationship between parental bonding and general mental health among Japanese young adults. Six-hundred-eighty-two undergraduates (358 women and 324 men) completed four measures: Parental Bonding Instrument, Rosenbergrsquo;s Self-esteem Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire. A structural equation modeling procedure was used to examine the model of best fit for parental bonding (care and over-protection), life satisfaction, self-esteem, and psychological well-being. Results showed that self-esteem fully mediated the relationship between parental bonding (parental care and parental over-protection) and general mental health. This study demonstrated the mechanism through which perceived parenting style influences Japanese young adultsrsquo; psychological well-being. Implications for mental health professionals are addressed. Key words: Parental bonding, life satisfaction, self-esteem, general mental health, Japanese college students. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/A42596514325 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000042 en Copyright © 2011 Niwako Yamawaki, Julie Ann Peterson Nelson and Mika Omori

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:C0669D814327 2011-01-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

Stress and instructors’ efficiency in Ogun State Universities: Implications for Nigerian educational policy F. R. Sulaiman and P. O. Akinsanya Full Length Research Paper The Federal Government of Nigeria in the National Policy on Education expressed itself emphatically in Section 8, no. 70 (a) that no educational system is capable of rising above the quality of its teachers and thus, teacher education and teachersrsquo; welfare would be given major emphasis in all educational planning and development. As lofty as this policy-statement sound, it stands far away from praxis. Both teacher education and welfare have left much to be desired. This paper considered the effect of stress on teachersrsquo; efficiency in churning out educationally sound and capable outputs from higher citadels of learning. The population for the study consisted all the public and private universities in Ogun State. Four Universities (two public and two private) were purposely selected as sample based on Nigerian University Commissionrsquo;s approval, sufficient number of years of establishment and geographical locations. Four questions and six hypotheses were formulated in null form. A questionnaire tagged SATE (Stress and Teachersrsquo; Effectiveness) was used to gather the needed data for the study. Findings from the study revealed that teachers from both universities were working under stress, albeit public universities teachers were more prone to stress than their counterparts in private universities. The implication of this is that the government, policy makers as well as the implementers of the policy have only paid lip services to teachersrsquo; welfare and this, of course, has its negative consequential turn on the system of education in Nigeria. Key words: Efficiency, policy, stress and management. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/C0669D814327 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000045 en Copyright © 2011 F. R. Sulaiman and P. O. Akinsanya

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:6D3BD9E14331 2011-01-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

Impact of family type on involvement of adolescents in pre-marital sex Adejumo Gbadebo Olubunmi Full Length Research Paper This study examined the impact of home type on involvement of in-school adolescents in premarital sex in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria. This study adopted a survey research design. Three hundred and sixty-eight students from four secondary schools were randomly selected, 128 (47.8%) were males and 148 (53%) were females. Their ages range from 16 to 19 years with the mean of 18.24 years. Only 186 (69%) have had sexual intercourse and 94 of them had only one sex partner while 92 had more than one sex partner. Two research instruments were developed for this study-attitude towards pre marital sex scale (ATPSS) and parent involvement questionnaire (PIQ). The findings revealed a significant effect of home type in prediction of adolescentsrsquo; involvement in premarital sex at r=0.569, r2 =0.347, f (1,218) = 56.47 and lt;0.05 significant level. There was a significant difference in involvement in premarital sex between adolescents from single parent and intact homes at X2-observed=22.46, 1 degree of freedom and plt;0.05. It was concluded that parental involvement is paramount in adolescentsrsquo; premarital sexual behavior. It was recommended that government, religious bodies and individuals should uphold the sacred institution of marriage for wellbeing of our children. Key words: Premarital sex, adolescents, parental involvement. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/6D3BD9E14331 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000022 en Copyright © 2011 Adejumo Gbadebo Olubunmi

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:956171114335 2011-02-28T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

Gender, marital status and religious affiliation as factors of assertiveness among Nigerian education majors A. A. Arigbabu, S. E. Oladipo and M. A. Owolabi-Gabriel Full Length Research Paper Using an ex-post factor survey research design, the present study examined the influence of gender, marital status and religious affiliation on assertiveness of education majors. For the purpose of the study, 367 education majors were randomly selected from two institutions. This was made up of 96 (26.2%) males and 271(73.8%) females; 165 (45%) married, 191 (52%) singles and 11 (3%) widowed. Participantsrsquo; ages ranged between 17 to 53 years. Validated scales were used to collect data, which was analyzed using univariate analysis of variance. The result showed no significant differences for gender, martial status or religious affiliation. Key words: Education major, assertiveness, pre-service teachers, N.C.E. students, university undergraduates. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/956171114335 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000020 en Copyright © 2011 A. A. Arigbabu, S. E. Oladipo and M. A. Owolabi-Gabriel

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:DC27F3414339 2011-02-28T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

The effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy on increasing social adjustment of female students residing in Tehran university dormitories S. Saffarpoor, K. Farahbakhsh, A. Shafiabadi and H. Pashasharifi Full Length Research Paper The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy on increasing social competence of female students residing in Tehran university dormitories. The statistical population of this study consists of female students residing in Tehran public university dormitories during the 2008 to 2009 academic years. The studied sample includes 30 participants, randomly placed in an experimental and one control group. The members of the experimental groups participated in 6 sessions of solution-focused treatment. The results demonstrate that treatment method were effective on the increase of social adjustment in the students. Key words: Solution-focused brief therapy, solution-focused treatment, social adjustment, social competence. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/DC27F3414339 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000051 en Copyright © 2011 S. Saffarpoor, K. Farahbakhsh, A. Shafiabadi and H. Pashasharifi

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:55E940214344 2011-02-28T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

Motivation and student’s behavior: A tertiary level study Zulfiqar Ali, Ijaz Ahmad Tatlah and Muhammad Saeed Full Length Research Paper Student motivation is an important focus of research in Education. The research in the area has primarily focused on student motivation and academic achievement. There are no significant studies looking at the relationship of motivation with student behavior at tertiary level. This article draws on social exchange theory to examine the connection between motivation and student behavior as a learning outcome. The main premise of the article is that motivation basically depends upon the goal achievement that the students may be allowed to carry out. This means the extent to which creative skills and competence of students are appreciated. Studentsrsquo; needs for achievement were used as the moderator. Analysis was conducted on the sample of 200 students in one of the leading private universities in the province of Punjab in Pakistan. The findings reveal that an important factor that affects the motivation level is the extent to which students are duly given rewards. Results showed that if motivated, students display positive feelings towards their institute and vice versa. Recommendations in the light of the outcomes were made that the students need to be motivated by providing them more rewards. They should also be provided more encouragement to achieve their goals. This will result in positive behavior from students. Key words: Goals, incentives, students` behavior, competencies, motivation. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/55E940214344 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000031 en Copyright © 2011 Zulfiqar Ali, Ijaz Ahmad Tatlah and Muhammad Saeed

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:5166FD114349 2011-03-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

Attitude of counsellors towards undergoing HIV voluntary counselling and testing in Ado-Odo/Ota, Nigeria Adekeye Olujide A. Full Length Research Paper This study was an investigation into the attitude of counsellors who offer HIV pre and post counselling. Sixteen counsellors who offer HIV pre-post-test counselling were identified from the preliminary field work, of these, 9 counsellors who reported they had not presented for HIV/AIDS testing were identified and 7 eventually participated in the study. The participants were active counsellors, 27 through 46 years of age, who provided HIV pre-post-test counselling services. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select the participants. The non-scheduled structured interview was employed for data collection while the cross case method was used to analyze the data. The study found that the participants possessed negative attitude towards undergoing voluntary HIV/AIDS testing though they acknowledged the importance of HIV/AIDS test. The participants identified fear of being HIV/AIDS positive, lack of confidentiality and knowledge of HIV/AIDS as barriers to their undergoing HIV/AIDS test. Being counselled by a professional counsellor/ psychologist or someone living with HIV/AIDS, feeling too sick or being pregnant were highlighted as factors that may facilitate their undergoing HIV/AIDS test. It was also found that HIV/AIDS counsellors are as vulnerable to HIV/AIDS as the general population. Counsellors who by their training or job schedule encourage others to undergo HIV test were themselves unwilling to test for HIV. In conclusion, counsellors are advised to undergo voluntary HIV/AIDS test. Key words: HIV/AIDS counsellors, attitude, HIV/AIDS VCT, interview, confidentiality. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/5166FD114349 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000004 en Copyright © 2011 Adekeye Olujide A.

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:1C48F4F14352 2011-03-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

Risk behaviours and early warning signals for ODL dropout students in Nigeria: Implications for counselling Fidel O. Okopi Full Length Research Paper This research was to identify the risk behaviours and early warning signals for dropping out of students in Nigeria with particular reference to National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN). The research design used for this study was a descriptive survey via causal comparative technique to describe the current status of risk behaviour and early warning signals among NOUN students. The sample of 1,440 registered students was stratified randomly selected from 18 study centres in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. A self designed 15 items questionnaire was used for the study. Percentile and chi square statistics via SPSS version.16 were used for the analysis. Fifteen hypotheses (behaviours) were formulated and the students were asked to indicate which among the test items were applicable to them. Four of these risk behaviours and early warning signals for dropping out of open and distance learning (ODL) behaviours were identified among significant number of NOUN students. The researcher went further to find out whether the gender of the students has a significant influence on their risk behaviour or not. The finding indicated that gender has no significant influence on students of NOUN risk behaviour. In conclusion therefore, the researcher suggested possible counselling proactive and preventive intervention strategies on how support staff especially student counsellors can help such students overcome these obstacles. Key words: Risk, behaviour, warning, signals, dropping, out, open and distance learning, implications, counselling, attrition. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/1C48F4F14352 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000038 en Copyright © 2011 Fidel O. Okopi

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:C5BDC0714356 2011-03-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

Effect of homogenous and heterogeneous ability grouping class teaching on student’s interest, attitude and achievement in integrated science Adodo S. O. and Agbayewa J. O. Full Length Research Paper The study investigated the effect of homogeneous ability level grouping class teaching and heterogeneous ability class teaching on studentsrsquo; learning outcome in Integrated Science. The sample comprised 60 students in the junior secondary school class 3 randomly selected from 2 schools. In each school, 30 students comprising 15 males and 15 females were selected through stratified random sampling technique. The students were assigned to 3 ability levels of high, average and low using a numerical/word knowledge instrument. 10 students were also selected through purposive sampling technique to each level. Each of the school served as experimental study for homogeneous and heterogeneous ability level grouping class respectively. Four instruments namely achievement test in integrated science (ATIS), science oriented attitudinal scale (SOAS) and science vocational interest inventory (SVII) and studentsrsquo; questionnaire on preference for grouping types were used to collect data for the study. Two general research questions and three hypotheses were raised, tested and analyzed using measurement of central tendency, mean, standard deviation and t-test statistics. The results show that homogeneous ability level grouping is superior for promoting students learning outcome. The reported change in the attitude and interest of the students is in favour of the homogeneous ability grouping class teaching. Recommendations were made based on the findings. Key words: Attitude, stigmatized, achievement, homogenous class, heterogeneous class, gifted students. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/C5BDC0714356 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000013 en Copyright © 2011 Adodo S. O. and Agbayewa J. O.

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:8D9BA1914362 2011-03-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

Relationship trauma: Assessing the criteria of trauma in adult intimate abusive relationships Tricia L. Orzeck, and Ami Rokach, Full Length Research Paper The present study analyzed the factor structure of items related to trauma experienced in the context of an abusive intimate adult relationship. One hundred and twenty male and female participants who experienced an abusive traumatic relationship completed the post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTRS) questionnaire, a 40-item scale, measuring several dimensions of relationship trauma. The scale was shown to have strong reliability (alpha; = 0.97) and between 0.70 and 0.96 for the varying factors. Seven meaningful factors resulted from an exploratory factor analysis used to assess the performance of items related to trauma symptomatology in abusive relationships. These factors included: Physiological Anxiety Responses, Safety/Trust, Hyperarousal, Emotional/Cognitive Dysregulation, Intimate Relational Changes, Emotional/Psychological Distress, and Loss/Isolation. The PTRS questionnaire appears to be a reliable and valid screening tool for relationship trauma. Key words: Relationship, trauma, abusive relationships, post traumatic symptoms, factors. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/8D9BA1914362 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000036 en Copyright © 2011 Tricia L. Orzeck, and Ami Rokach,

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:36F311E14370 2011-04-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

Gender and age variations in perceptions of situational appropriateness of academic integrity among students in Kwara State, Nigeria Olasehinde-Williams Olabisi, Olawuyi Olabisi and Yahaya Lasiele Alabi Full Length Research Paper This study investigated the extent to which male and female students differ in their endorsement of academic integrity across the variables of age, institution type and marital status. One thousand students from ten secondary and tertiary institutions in Kwara state, Nigeria, responded to three hypothetical scenarios created to measure their academic integrity status. Findings of the study indicated that high proportion of participants manifested medium to high levels of academic integrity. Specifically, significantly more male, than female, many younger than older and more secondary than tertiary students endorsed academic integrity; while marital status had no significant influence on their endorsement of academic integrity. These findings underscored the need to mainstream value orientation into the curricular at every level of education in Nigeria. Key words: Endorsement, perception, situation appropriateness, academic integrity. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/36F311E14370 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000019 en Copyright © 2011 Olasehinde-Williams Olabisi, Olawuyi Olabisi and Yahaya Lasiele Alabi

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:231441D14376 2011-04-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

Happiness and worry in an Iranian adolescents and young adults sample Siamak Khodarahimi Full Length Research Paper The purpose of the present study was to examine the happiness and worry in adolescents and young adults, the effects of gender and age group in these constructs, and the role of happiness in prediction of worry. Participants were 200 adolescents and 200 young adults from Eghlid in Iran and they were selected through random sampling in this survey. A demographic questionnaire, the Oxford Happiness Inventory and the Ahwaz Worry Inventory were administrated during this study. Resulting data demonstrated that there are significant negative relationships between happiness and worry in adolescents and young adults. Findings rejected the effects of age group and gender-age interaction in happiness and worry but confirmed the role of gender. Also, happiness explained 34, 46 and 41% of worry variation in adolescents, young adults, and total sample respectively. Key words: Happiness, worry, gender, age. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/231441D14376 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000021 en Copyright © 2011 Siamak Khodarahimi

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:A2EBA8414380 2011-04-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

The impact of the sellers’ perceived ethical behaviour on consumers’ emotions and behaviour intention Asma Bouguerra, Nabil Mzoughi, Karim Garrouch and Hallouma Bouazza Full Length Research Paper This research aims to verify the effect of consumersrsquo; evaluation of sellersrsquo; ethical behaviour on their emotion and behaviour intention. Actually, the concept of ethics have been partially studied before Reidenbach and Robinrsquo;s work and its consideration as an antecedent of consumer behaviour has not been proven. Previous studies have integrated few indirect effects of ethics on behaviour intention through the mediation of affective reactions. The present study aims to check all possible direct effects of ethics on the frequentation intention and indirect ones through emotions. The proposed model is verified using structural equations modelling. A quantitative study is conducted with 227 consumers who were recently involved in a shopping experiment. The effects of moral fairness and contractualism on interest, positive and negative emotions as well as on frequentation intention are confirmed. Relativism has, whereas, no significant effect. Contrarily to previous studiesrsquo; results, the frequentation intention was found not increased by emotions. Key words: Ethics evaluation, emotion, frequentation intention, structural equations modelling. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/A2EBA8414380 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000052 en Copyright © 2011 Asma Bouguerra, Nabil Mzoughi, Karim Garrouch and Hallouma Bouazza

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:DE7D84814410 2011-05-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

Some correlates of students attitude towards chemistry in Government Technical Colleges in Imo State Angela Onyinyechi Dara and Ugwuegbulam N. Charles Full Length Research Paper It has been noted that students in government technical colleges are not well disposed to the study of chemistry. This is evidenced by the general performance of students inNational Technical Certificate (NTC) and National Business Certificate (NBC) results. For instance, it was observed in one of the four government technical colleges in Imo State that, out of a total of 122 students who took chemistry in the 2007 NTC examination, only 4 students had credit (C6) while the rest of 118 students had ordinary pass and failure grades. The attitude of students to this subject can influence its study. There are no conclusive variables known to be responsible for the negative attitude of the students to the study of Chemistry. The researcher wonders whether it may be due to the following variables; studentsrsquo; occupational aspiration; teachersrsquo; method of teaching; studentsrsquo; intelligence; influence of family on the students; teachersrsquo; qualification. Five research questions and hypotheses were formulated and each focused on the identified variables. The researcher prepared and administered questionnaires to 277 students, out of a total of 2800 students in the four technical colleges in Imo State, to determine their responses. Correlational technique was used to ascertain the extent each of the identified variables is related to the studentsrsquo; attitude to chemistry. T-test statistic was used to find out if there is significant relationship between students attitude to chemistry and each of the identified variables. It was observed that, four of the variables have significant correlation with studentsrsquo; attitude to chemistry while one of them has no significant correlation with studentsrsquo; attitude to chemistry. The researcher therefore recommends among other things that, schoolsrsquo; guidance counsellor should be made to organize regular career guidance to the students. Key words: occupational aspiration, teaching method, student intelligence and family influence on students. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/DE7D84814410 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000044 en Copyright © 2011 Angela Onyinyechi Dara and Ugwuegbulam N. Charles

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:11834AF14418 2011-05-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

The relation of depression and anxiety in academic achievement among group of university students Lama M. Al-Qaisy Full Length Research Paper This study aims to identify the impact of mood disorders, especially anxiety and depression among a sample of students for their academic achievement in Tafila Technical University. In addition, the study focused on knowing the difference between gender and the level of depression and anxiety they have. It also investigates the difference between colleges and the levels of depression and anxiety. So two measurements have been applied, one measures the level of anxiety and the other measures the level of depression on a random sample of 200 students from different faculties in the university. The results of the study indicate that females are more anxious than males, while males are more depressed than females. Additionally, the results indicate that there is a positive relationship between achievement and anxiety, while a negative relationship is found with depression. Key words: Depression, anxiety, achievement, college, gender. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/11834AF14418 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000056 en Copyright © 2011 Lama M. Al-Qaisy

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:E4C2C9814434 2011-09-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

The training and development of housekeepers in Nigerian Universities C. A. Akinfolarin and O. S. Alimi Review Training and development of individuals in the University system provides favorable climate for carrying out teaching, research and services. This paper suggests appropriate approaches for the training and development of housekeepers. It also identifies the engagement of professional housekeepers as a means of effective realization of goals. It discusses qualities of good housekeepers, the skills and knowledge to be acquired, training ground for staff development, management implication for training needs analysis. Recommendations were equally made for more structured, consistent and systematic training and development programme for housekeepers in Nigerian Universities. Key words: Housekeeper, training, skills, management. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/E4C2C9814434 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000059 en Copyright © 2011 C. A. Akinfolarin and O. S. Alimi

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:71A28EC14440 2011-09-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

The accuracy of emotional intelligence and forgiveness in predicting the degree of satisfaction in marital communications Afsaneh Ghanbari-Panah, Haji Mohamed Shariff , and Roya Koochak-Entezar Full Length Research Paper This research investigates the accuracy of emotional intelligence and forgiveness in predicting the degree of satisfaction in marital communications between Iranian married couples. A total of 200 Iranian married couples were randomly selected for investigation. Multivariable regression and correlation coefficients were used to measure the accuracy. Results show that the correlation coefficient calculated between emotional intelligence and satisfaction in marital communications was 0.405, which was significant at 0.01 level. The correlation coefficient calculated between emotional intelligence and forgiveness did not reach a level of significance. The correlation coefficient calculated between satisfaction in marital communications and forgiveness was 0.71 for original families and 0.243 for nuclear families, which were significant at 0.05 level. An analysis of multivariable regression of female and male data showed a significant coefficient between predictions and evidence variables. The correlation coefficients calculated between satisfaction in marital communications and forgiveness were 0.71 and 0.243 for the original and nuclear families, respectively. The predictive accuracy of emotional intelligence is 0.505 for males and 0.253 for females. Key words: Emotional intelligence, forgiveness, satisfaction marital communications. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/71A28EC14440 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000049 en Copyright © 2011 Afsaneh Ghanbari-Panah, Haji Mohamed Shariff , and Roya Koochak-Entezar

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:7D4468B14454 2011-10-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

Reliability and correlation of interest inventories: Strong interest inventory (SII) and self-directed search (SDS) Sohrab Abdi Zarrin, Iran Baghban and Mohammad Reza Abedi Full Length Research Paper The study examined the reliability and correlation of the strong interest inventory (SII) and self-directed search (SDS). In Iran, these two instruments are relevant for assessing interest. Thus, college students in the University of Isfahan in Iran were taken as participants in the university to examine the reliability and correlation of SII and SDS. The mean internal consistency coefficients for the SII and SDS were 0.90 and 0.86, respectively, and mean test-retest reliability for SDS subscales was high. Mean correlation between the same SII and SDS scales of participants who took both versions was high. For this group, the Realistic, Social, Investigative, Artistic, conventional and enterprising were subscales that produced the configuration of a RIASEC-order hexagon. These results highly support the further use of SII and SDS. Key words: Strong interest inventory (SII), self-directed search (SDS), college students, University of Isfahan, Iran. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/7D4468B14454 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000037 en Copyright © 2011 Sohrab Abdi Zarrin, Iran Baghban and Mohammad Reza Abedi

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:1C44B3414460 2011-10-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

Innovative teaching in Pharmacy education Wasif Syed G., Azhar S. Sulaiman, Azmi Sarriff and Yelly O. S. Full Length Research Paper The aim of this study was to determine the learning-style scores of final-professional Pharmacy students before and after various teaching experiences and to evaluate the relationships between scores and teaching practice variables (problem-construction practice). The outcome was the determination of better teaching experiences to improve learning skills. The study was an observational cohort study design used for final professional Pharmacy students. The Pharmacy inventory and learning style (PILS) model was employed for pre and post score after every teaching practice. Problem-construction practice (PCP) technique was developed and analyzed against other teaching practices. Research findings show significant increase in level of knowledge after each module of teaching, the majority of students fall in high level of clinical knowledge with Problem-base learning (PBL) and Problem construction practice (PCP). Two domains of PILS (Enactor and Producers) significantly cross-over the other two domains with 17.6 and 5.9% of increase in post-result score. Findings also showed the increase characteristics of Enactor and Producers with PCP, compared with Producer and director in PBL practice. The external environment (teaching style) has influence on the individual student learning behavior. For effective learning, a variety of techniques were employed for the identification of EPI (educational personnel intellectuality). PILS scoring model is a unique model which comprises both cognitive (constructivism) and psychological concept. Currently, the only limitation found in this research was absence of a benchmark for teacher assessment. Key words: Problem-base learning, learning style, case-construction study, self-learning, assessment. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/1C44B3414460 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000025 en Copyright © 2011 Wasif Syed G., Azhar S. Sulaiman, Azmi Sarriff and Yelly O. S.

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:15A87B314468 2011-10-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

Emotional intelligence and creativity in teacher education Ogoemeka, Obioma Helen Full Length Research Paper Emotional intelligence (EI) and creativity have emerged to be crucial components of emotional adjustment, personal well-being, life success, and interpersonal relationship in the past decade. This article provides a critical review of the research field of EI and Creativity in the school context and analyzes its present and future value in teacher education in the Nigerian educational system. Firstly, the author examines the debate on educational policies in different countries (UK, USA, Spain and Nigeria) for providing children the best start in life and for development of EI and Creative abilities. Secondly, theoretical models of EI by Mayer and Salovey (1997), and Creativity by Edward de Bono (2001) were discussed in detail. Thirdly, the author summarizes research concerning the relevance of EI and Creativity to indicators for personal and school success. Some recommendations for developing EI and Creativity at school and implication for future educational policies were given. Key words: Emotional Intelligence (EI), creativity, personal well-being, educational policies and school success. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/15A87B314468 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000014 en Copyright © 2011 Ogoemeka, Obioma Helen

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:AB6FE4814487 2011-11-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

Study of some environmental and genetic determinants of autism in Egyptian children El Sawy MA, Awadalla HI, Mohamed RR, Zaki OK and Mohamed OA Full Length Research Paper Autism is a neuro-developmental disorder of unknown cause. Both genetic and environmental influences are claimed to contribute to the etiology of autism. Several studies were done to determine the factors that contribute to the expression of the symptoms. We studied genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors that may influence the neurodevelopmental alteration that can cause vulnerability to autism. We did a controlled study on 44 patients who volunteered to participate at two Egyptian health clinics over 10 months duration. Full clinical evaluation, Cytogenetic analysis, biocard celiac test were done to detect anti-t TG Ig A antibodies for gluten sensitivity test; and quantase neonatal phenylalanine screening was done to detect the phenylalanine level in blood using ELISA. A part of significant positive family history, and no significant association were found between autism and the studied parameters. This study points to the important role of genetic susceptibility compared to the environmental factors and the role of family studies for determining the susceptible individuals to autism. Key words: Autism, genetics and environmental interaction. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/AB6FE4814487 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000047 en Copyright © 2011 El Sawy MA, Awadalla HI, Mohamed RR, Zaki OK and Mohamed OA

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:610604B14494 2011-11-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

Development and validation of crime behaviour factor battery R. A. Animasahun Full Length Research Paper This research examined the systematic processes utilized in the development and validation of the Crime Behaviour Factor Battery (CBFB) for measuring crime behaviours and factors responsible for such. The intended sample was 900 Nigerian adolescents, youths and adults, popularly believed to be prone to committing crime; but only 548 of them finally participated in the research. Their ages ranged between 16 and 58 with a mean of 30.5. The internal consistency for the sub-scales ranged between 0.1183 and 0.8816. While the Crombach alpha (alpha;) ranged between 0.9079 and 0.9726, the Guttman split half reliability (r) ranged between 0.8068 and 0.9073. The significant inter-factor correlation coefficient is an evidence for the construct validity of the scales. The significance of the inventory to psychologists, counselors and all kinds of researchers were discussed. Key words: Crime behaviour, battery, reliability, validity, internal consistency. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/610604B14494 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000009 en Copyright © 2011 R. A. Animasahun

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:198504314501 2011-11-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

Influence of the knowledge of HIV/AIDS on behaviour change among adolescents in Anambra State, Nigeria Ada Anyamene, Chinyelu Nwokolo, Ebele Anyachebelu and Ifeoma Obum-Okeke Full Length Research Paper HIV/AIDS prevalence had become a global issue in the whole continent today. The study examined the influence of the knowledge of HIV/AIDS on behaviour change among adolescents in Anambra State, Nigeria. A sample of 960 adolescents were used for the study. Three research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The study was a descriptive survey on adolescents in Anambra State. The instrument was a 38-item questionnaire which was duly validated by three experts. Findings from the study revealed that the adolescentsrsquo; knowledge about HIV/AIDS was high but their behaviour changes were not encouraging. It is therefore recommended that the counsellors should partner with appropriate agencies of government and non-governmental organizations in order to help the adolescents overcome the problem of HIV/AIDS by providing accurate and effective information that will bring a change in their life styles for realistic and appropriate behaviour. Key words: Knowledge, behavioural change, adolescents, HIV/AIDS. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/198504314501 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000024 en Copyright © 2011 Ada Anyamene, Chinyelu Nwokolo, Ebele Anyachebelu and Ifeoma Obum-Okeke

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:6EDD11214512 2011-11-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

Science management in modern organization Tahereh Bagherpour, Ramzan Jahanian and Hairul A. Hashim Short Communication Applying modern methods, new processing technology in modern organizations depends on a number of facts: One of them is efficient human resources management and wisely utilized human intelligent resources capital. Providing such demand needs appropriate management knowledge tools. Knowledge and intelligence always have been issues throughout the nations and human norms. But today for first decade of 3rd millennium, information is considered as a success key in organizations and society. Of course its values depend on how it is applied; such as source. Therefore gaining, reproducing and using of knowledge which is also considered as a main duty of knowledge management, is the main path of human science development in a stable society. Key words: Science management, human resources management, human science development. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/6EDD11214512 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC.9000041 en Copyright © 2011 Tahereh Bagherpour, Ramzan Jahanian and Hairul A. Hashim

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:24C392E14527 2011-12-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

Gender and socio-economic background differentials in students’ attitude to information and communication technology education in Nigerian secondary schools: Implications for policy, ICT education and counselling ADENUGA, R. Alaba, OWOYELE, Jimoh Wale and ADENUGA, F. T. Full Length Research Paper This is a study of gender and socio-economic background differentials in studentsrsquo; attitude to information and communication technology education in Nigerian secondary schools. The aim was to determine studentsrsquo; differential attitude to information and communication technology education in order to proffer appropriate counselling interventions for the advancement of information and communication technology (ICT) education among Nigerian adolescents. This study used descriptive survey research design involving a sample of 500 respondents. Data collection was done using a socio-demographic form and the ICT Attitudinal Scale (ICTAS) developed by the researchers. The instrument yielded 0.91 and 0.86 index of reliability and internal consistency respectively. While the results indicated poor attitude towards ICT education, no significant gender and socio-economic differentials was observed in studentsrsquo; attitude to ICT education. Thus, it was recommended that stakeholders in education especially, administrators, lecturers and counsellors should device appropriate means of fostering studentsrsquo; positive attitude to ICT education. Key words: Information and communication technology (ICT), gender, socio-economic background, adolescents, Nigeria. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/24C392E14527 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC10.029 en Copyright © 2011 ADENUGA, R. Alaba, OWOYELE, Jimoh Wale and ADENUGA, F. T.

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:861C6FF14539 2011-12-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

Health and wellness in Southern Africa: Incorporating indigenous and western healing practices Edward Shizha and John Charema Full Length Research Paper Current healing systems in Southern Africa focus on the holistic approach to the health and wellness of patients. Biomedical approaches and traditional healing systems that incorporate spiritual healing, mental healing, physical and social healing play a crucial and significant role in health delivery systems in Southern Africa. An integrative approach has been accepted as a vital component of holistic healing. Often, biomedicine has been criticized for overlooking the relationship of the social and spiritual being to the body and the effect the former has on the latter. Medicine and healing are cultural practices; hence the process of healing and the interpretation of illness reflect and reinforce the cultural definitions of the health problem. Biomedical technology often determines what is to be taken as authoritative knowledge and, in turn, establishes a particular domain of power. Biomedicine typically extends this privileged position to economics, politics, and class relationships. While the situation of traditional medicine appears to remain weak and marginalized, effort is being made in most African countries to integrate biomedicine and alternative healing paradigms. This paper explores the influence of traditional beliefs and practices and the use of African traditional medicine in the healing process. It further discusses the integration of indigenous healing systems and western medical approaches. The paper concludes that where both biomedical practices and traditional healing systems exist, patients should have a choice of the healing approach and process they prefer, the former or the latter, or a combination of both. Key words: Biomedicine, culture, traditional medicine, holistic approach, western medicine. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/861C6FF14539 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC10.030 en Copyright © 2011 Edward Shizha and John Charema

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:5CACBEE14544 2011-12-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

Comparison of the effectiveness of family therapy based on rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) and person centered theraphy (PCT) on self-differentiation among divorce applicant clients Naser Yoosefi Full Length Research Paper This study was aimed to compare the effectiveness of the rational-emotive-behavioral therapy (R.E.B.T) and Person-centered therapy (PCT) on self-differentiation among divorced applicant clients. All divorced applicant clients in Sanandaj counseling center were considered as the population under study, 112 of whom were selected through stratified random sampling method for self-differentiation. From those diagnosed with differentiation of self inventory-2 (DSI-2), 42 subjects were randomly assigned to three groups (14 subjects in each group), therefore, three groups were formed; PCT, REBT, and control group. The recovery indices (dependent variables) employed were the subjects of self-differentiation, which were measured twice before and after interventions of (DSI-2 scale). The results showed that REBT and PCT were effective on self-differentiation. Also, they were influential in recovery and self-differentiation in the following up stage. Key words: Self-differentiation, person-centered therapy (PCT), rational-emotive-behavioral therapy (REBT). Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/5CACBEE14544 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC11.023 en Copyright © 2011 Naser Yoosefi

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:0CDD34014551 2011-12-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2011

The attachment styles bases of loneliness and depression Atilgan Erozkan Full Length Research Paper The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive role of attachment styles on loneliness and depression. The sample consisted of 652 (313 females; 339 males) university students. Data were collected by using the relationship scales questionnaire, UCLA-R loneliness scale, and Beck depression inventory. To analyze data, Pearson product-moment correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis was employed. Attachment styles were found to be significantly correlated to loneliness and depression. A significant relationship was also found between loneliness and depression. A significant effect of attachment styles on loneliness and depression was detected. Key-words: Attachment styles, loneliness, depression. Academic Journals 2011 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/0CDD34014551 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC11.032 en Copyright © 2011 Atilgan Erozkan

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:D1BACFB38358 2012-01-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2012

University education and poverty alleviation as mechanisms for enhancing youth development in Nigeria ADEBAYO, Florence Aduke Review This paper examined university education and poverty alleviation as mechanisms for enhancing youth development in Nigeria. It is observed that illiteracy and poverty are interrelated and that functional education is one of the most efficient ways to empower the youth and this is supposed to be got in the university. University education is presupposed to develop the three domains (cognitive, psychomotor and affective). Most importantly, the development of the psychomotor domain, in the era of economic recession and uneasy accessibility to white collar jobs. This domain gives room to skill acquisition, self-reliance and employment of other people in the society. Poverty alleviation programme is supposed to reduce unemployment, make the youth self-dependent, so that they can make positive contributions to the society. The questions then arise, is university education meeting up with the demands of the youths in relation to skill acquisition. Is poverty alleviation programmes youth oriented or focused? Upon this background, the paper examined the concepts of university education, poverty alleviation and youths in Nigeria context. Effective approached to the issue of empowerment to reduce poverty among Nigerian youth were discussed. Some of the recommendations made were that enhancing youth through combined literacy education with skilled training will reduce poverty among the youth. University education geared to poverty alleviation should not limit itself to the regular cognitive domain alone but to functional education that will pragmatically affect lives of Nigerian citizens. Key words: Education, poverty alleviation, youth development. Academic Journals 2012 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/D1BACFB38358 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC10.042 en Copyright © 2012 ADEBAYO, Florence Aduke

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:80BBB7738361 2012-01-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2012

Prevalence of premarital sex and factors influencing it among students in a private tertiary institution in Nigeria Adeoye, Ayodele O, Ola, Omolayo and Aliu, Bose Full Length Research Paper This study examined prevalence of premarital sexual activities among the youth in a selected private University in Nigeria. A sample of 300 students comprised of 176 males and 124 females were randomly selected to participate in the study. The mean age and standard deviation was 21.7 plusmn; 6.3 years. The ex-post-facto research design was employed. A 35 item; youth premarital sexual activities (YPSA) developed by the researchers was used to generate data for the study. All the hypotheses data were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data was analyzed with the use of Independent t-test and Multiple Regression and Analysis of Variance. The results indicated that there is a significant difference between the sex, age and family background and premarital sexual activities, as F (3,296) = 3.303; Plt; 0.05. Also, family background contributed most to premarital activities (beta;=0.439; t=4.174; Plt;0.05), followed by age grouping as beta; = 216; t = 2.142 (Plt; .05) and finally by gender, (beta; = .083; t = .825; P gt;0 .05). Lastly, there is no significant difference between the age grouping and premarital sexual activities. It is seen that beta; = 0.319; df = 298 (Pgt; 0.05). On the basis of finding, it was concluded that gender and family background play a vital role in engagement of premarital sexual activities by young people, whereas age that suppose to have impact on the dependent variable proved wrong the intention of the researchers. Key words: Gender, age, family background and premarital sexual activities. Academic Journals 2012 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/80BBB7738361 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC11.030 en Copyright © 2012 Adeoye, Ayodele O, Ola, Omolayo and Aliu, Bose

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:EB157EA38367 2012-01-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2012

Age at menarche in two tribal groups of Dharwad and Bijarpur Districts in Karnataka State Sangeetha R. Mane, Ravikanth B. Lamani and Ravindra M. Short Communication The aim of this study was to find the mean age at menarche in two different tribal groups namely Kanjarbhat and Lamani. This study was to assess the level of knowledge regarding rituals, taboos, food pattern, social restrictions, health problems and nutrition observed during the menstrual period. The sample for the research comprised of 310 Kanjarbhat girls and 310 Lamani girls in the age groups of 11 to 18 years from Dharwad and Bijapur Districts of Karnataka State. The results reveal that the mean age at menarche among the Kanjarbhat girlrsquo;s is13.0516 and Lamani girlrsquo;s is 13.129 and total is 13.0903. Key words: Menarche, girls, physical growth, taboos, nutrition, Lamani and Kanjarbhat. Academic Journals 2012 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/EB157EA38367 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC10.007 en Copyright © 2012 Sangeetha R. Mane, Ravikanth B. Lamani and Ravindra M.

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:DA2E7E238376 2012-02-28T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2012

Understanding human sexuality: A case study on innovative method for sex education to adolescent children Rajan R. Patil Full Length Research Paper Globalization has a far reaching influence on every aspect of human life. No other sector has embraced globalization as much as television entertainment industry. The speed with which television entertainment industry has imbibed changes is unprecedented. One of the most obvious outcomes of liberalized and privatized visual entertain medium is easing of censorship owing to which, the sexual behavior and attitude towards human sexuality has gone sea change, especially among the youth. Consequently, degradation in moral standards and a weakened value system is manifested by increasing incidence of sexually transmitted diseases apart from deadly HIV-AIDS apart from putting strain on social fabric. The subject lsquo;sexualityrsquo; is one of the most stigmatized and most misunderstood topics of all the issues concerned with human behavior. Part of the reason being that there is no culture of open, frank and informed discussion over the subject. Consequently, the subject of sexuality is fret with myths and misconception. It requires tremendous maturity and skill on the part of the educator. This subject cannot be taught with traditional approach. Hence, there is a greater need for innovative methods of teaching and training human sexuality leading to increasing felt need for access to support in the form of training or consultation with other sex educators. This paper deals with innovative training methodology. Key words: Human sexuality, sex education, methodology. Academic Journals 2012 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/DA2E7E238376 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC11.013 en Copyright © 2012 Rajan R. Patil

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:48D921838383 2012-02-28T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2012

Sport imagery and mental health among omnivorous combative players: A psychological probe Baljinder Singh Bal and Gaurav Dureja Full Length Research Paper The present study was examined to determine sport imagery and mental health among omnivorous combative players. To obtain data for this study, the investigators had selected ninety (N=90) male omnivorous combative players. They were further assigned into three categories that is Category (A) thirty (N=30) judokas, Category (B) thirty (N=30) wrestlers and Category (C) thirty (N=30) boxers, who had participated in inter-college competitions from various colleges of Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar and Panjab University, Chandigarh were randomly selected for the collection of data. The age of the subjects was ranged between 20 to 25 years. Sport imagery questionnaire developed by Hall et al. (1998) and mental health questionnaire prepared by Singh and Gupta (2000) were administered. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to find out the significant differences among omnivorous judokas, wrestlers and boxers. Where lsquo;Frsquo; values found significant in ANOVA test then Tukey post-hoc test (TPHT) was applied to see the mean difference between mean scores of three categories. Data was analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 18.0. The level of significance was set at 0.05. It is concluded that the results on the subscales that is cognitive general, motivational general-arousal and motivational general were found insignificant among all omnivorous combative players. With regard to cognitive specific, motivational specific, the overall sport imagery were found highly significant among omnivorous combative players. However, the results on the subscales that is emotional stability, security-insecurity, the overall mental health were found insignificant whereas highly significant results were found on the subscales overall adjustment, autonomy, self-concept and intelligence among omnivorous judokas, wrestlers and boxers. Key words: Sport imagery, mental health, omnivorous, combative. Academic Journals 2012 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/48D921838383 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC12.001 en Copyright © 2012 Baljinder Singh Bal and Gaurav Dureja

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:D3F71E038395 2012-03-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2012

A study of role conversion of leaders in group counseling Zhang Chao, Meng Li and Jiang Hai Full Length Research Paper Role conversion of leaders in group counseling can develop the potential power of a class, strengthen their cohesion and improve learning environment, which have been proved in a growing number of studies in this field. However, most studies are only confined to theoretical discussions and few studies concentrate on empirical studies on roles conversion of leaders in group counseling. The paper aims to study the functions of role conversions of leaders in group counseling. The study tools are comparative experiment empirical research methods. The result of empirical studies proves the assumptions that the former studies of role conversions of leaders in group counseling can improve the learning environment of a class, strengthen relations between teachers and students, and reduce the burden of study. The practical significances of this study are breaking through the bottlenecks of former studies by theoretical studies and empirical analysis. Key words: Group counseling, roles conversion, empirical analysis. Academic Journals 2012 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/D3F71E038395 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC12.034 en Copyright © 2012 Zhang Chao, Meng Li and Jiang Hai

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:65EF28B38405 2012-03-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2012

Vulnerabilities to depression and sense of coherence among Bedouin Arab and Jewish students: A test of a mediation model Abu-Kaf Sarah and Priel Beatriz Full Length Research Paper This study examined cultural differences in self critical and dependent vulnerabilities to depression and sense of coherence as predictors of depression among Bedouin Arab and Jewish university students in Israel. In addition, this study explored the role of sense of coherence on the self-criticism-depression association and the dependency-depression association. 120 Bedouin Arab and 130 Jewish university students completed the depressive experiences questionnaire (DEQ), the center for epidemiological studies depression scale (CES-D), sense of coherence scale (SOC), and a questionnaire on demographic variables. Bedouin Arab students presented higher level of self-criticism and depression, as well as lower sense of coherence scores. There were no differences in the dependency scores. Sense of coherence partially mediated the association between self-criticism and depression within both groups of students. These results suggest that different cultural contexts associate with different levels of vulnerability to depression and resilience. However, the general mechanisms involved in the formation of depressive states seem to be similar across cultures. Key words: Self-criticism, dependency, sense of coherence, Bedouin Arab, collectivism, individualism. Academic Journals 2012 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/65EF28B38405 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC11.035 en Copyright © 2012 Abu-Kaf Sarah and Priel Beatriz

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:5B8FC9938421 2012-04-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2012

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) of business organizations in Niger State, Nigeria: An Islamic perspective Haliru Bala Full Length Research Paper This paper examined an Islamic perspective of corporate social responsibility (CSR) of business organizations in Niger State, Nigeria. The study was conducted in Minna, Suleja, Kontagora and Bida towns of Niger State, Nigeria. Multi-stage and random sampling techniques were used in selecting 1,600 respondents of the study using staff of business organizations, investors, consumers and some people in the society. Information was gathered using primary and secondary data. Questionnaires were used to elicit information and were validated by experts. The data generated from the survey were subjected to descriptive analyses. The findings revealed that Islamic socio-economic rules and regulations have influence on corporate social responsibility to investors [x2 (4) = 3529.65; plt;0.001]; to customers [x2 (4) = 4075.69; plt;0.001], to employees [x2 (4) = 4236.19; plt;0.001] and to society = [x2 (4) = 4265.19; plt;0.001]. The study concluded that Islamic socio-economic system has influence on corporate social responsibility in Niger State, Nigeria. Key words: Nigeria, Niger State, Islamic, corporate social responsibility, customers, investors, employees, society. Academic Journals 2012 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/5B8FC9938421 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC11.037 en Copyright © 2012 Haliru Bala

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:F1630A038427 2012-04-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2012

Socio-economic influence of Shari’ah on consumers’ motives and perception in Zamfara State, Nigeria Haliru Bala Full Length Research Paper This study examines socio-economic influence of Sharirsquo;ah on Muslim consumersrsquo; motives and perception in Zamfara State, Nigeria. Primary and secondary data were utilized for the study. The primary data were collected through questionnaires administered on three hundred and eighty seven respondents comprising two hundred and eighty two male and one hundred and five female drawn from three local government areas of Zamfara State: Tsafe (129), Bungudu (129) and Gusau (129). The multistage sampling technique involving statistical random selected process was used in selecting three villages from each local government area. Three wards were randomly selected from each LGA. Forty-three households were randomly selected from the three wards in each of the three LGAs. Descriptive and inferential statistical tools were employed in the data analysis. The result of the analysis showed that positive correlation exists between socio-economic rules and regulations of Sharirsquo;ah and perception ability of the consumer and consumer motives. Sharirsquo;ah as a way of life has significant relationship with consumer behaviour. Key words: Muslims, Sharirsquo;ah, consumers, motives, perception, consumer behaviour. Academic Journals 2012 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/F1630A038427 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC11.040 en Copyright © 2012 Haliru Bala

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:2346AFA38451 2012-05-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2012

Health and wellness in Southern Africa: Incorporating indigenous and western healing practices Edward Shizha and John Charema Full Length Research Paper Current healing systems in Southern Africa focus on the holistic approach to the health and wellness of patients. Biomedical approaches and traditional healing systems that incorporate spiritual healing, mental healing, physical and social healing play a crucial and significant role in health delivery systems in Southern Africa. An integrative approach has been accepted as a vital component of holistic healing. Often, biomedicine has been criticized for overlooking the relationship of the social and spiritual being to the body and the effect the former has on the latter. Medicine and healing are cultural practices; hence the process of healing and the interpretation of illness reflect and reinforce the cultural definitions of the health problem. Biomedical technology often determines what is to be taken as authoritative knowledge and, in turn, establishes a particular domain of power. Biomedicine typically extends this privileged position to economics, politics, and class relationships. While the situation of traditional medicine appears to remain weak and marginalized. effort is being made in most African countries to integrate biomedicine and alternative healing paradigms. This paper explores the influence of traditional beliefs and practices and the use of African traditional medicine in the healing process. It further discusses the integration of indigenous healing systems and western medical approaches. The paper concludes that where both biomedical practices and traditional healing systems exist, patients should have a choice of the healing approach and process they prefer, the former or the latter, or a combination of both. Key words: Biomedicine, culture, traditional medicine, holistic approach, western medicine. Academic Journals 2012 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/2346AFA38451 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC11.030 en Copyright © 2012 Edward Shizha and John Charema

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:DFCB35938443 2012-05-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2012

Gender and socio-economic background differentials in students’ attitude to information and communication technology education in Nigerian secondary schools: Implications for policy, ICT education and counselling ADENUGA, R. Alaba, OWOYELE, Jimoh Wale and ADENUGA, F. T. Full Length Research Paper This is a study of gender and socio-economic background differentials in studentsrsquo; attitude to information and communication technology education in Nigerian secondary schools. The aim was to determine studentsrsquo; differential attitude to information and communication technology education in order to proffer appropriate counselling interventions for the advancement of information and communication technology (ICT) education among Nigerian adolescents. This study used descriptive survey research design involving a sample of 500 respondents. Data collection was done using a socio-demographic form and the ICT Attitudinal Scale (ICTAS) developed by the researchers. The instrument yielded 0.91 and 0.86 index of reliability and internal consistency respectively. While the results indicated poor attitude towards ICT education, no significant gender and socio-economic differentials was observed in studentsrsquo; attitude to ICT education. Thus, it was recommended that stakeholders in education especially, administrators, lecturers and counsellors should device appropriate means of fostering studentsrsquo; positive attitude to ICT education. Key words: Information and communication technology (ICT), gender, socio-economic background, adolescents, Nigeria. Academic Journals 2012 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/DFCB35938443 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC11.029 en Copyright © 2012 ADENUGA, R. Alaba, OWOYELE, Jimoh Wale and ADENUGA, F. T.

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:F21314038475 2012-06-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2012

Sexual attitudes among Mozambican adults Germano Vera Cruz and Etienne Mullet Full Length Research Paper This study examined the sexual attitudes of Mozambican adults. A total of 301 participants, aged 18 to 41 years (154 males and 147 females), living in the area of Maputo, were presented with the Portuguese version of the sexual attitude scale devised by Hendrick and Hendrick (1987). Data were analyzed using factorial analyses, ANOVA and correlation coefficients. A structure of seven factors was found (pleasure/premarital sex, responsibility, no-normative sex, awareness of risks, permissiveness, communion, and instrumentality). The results of ANOVA and correlation coefficients show that, in general, the participants agreed with the idea that sex may be a responsible practice and were in complete disagreement with the idea that everything in sexual relationships was permissible. They were clearly aware of the risk associated with unprotected sex and were neither favorable nor hostiles to anal or oral sex. Female and religious participants were less permissive and less instrumental than their male and nonreligious counterparts. Key words: Attitude, permissiveness, responsibility, risk, sex. Academic Journals 2012 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/F21314038475 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC12.002 en Copyright © 2012 Germano Vera Cruz and Etienne Mullet

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:410B95D38469 2012-06-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2012

Prediction of attitude and interest of science students of different ability on their academic performance in basic science Sunday Olufemi Adodo and L. O. Gbore Full Length Research Paper The study measures and predicts the effect of attitude and interest of students on academic performance in science. It investigates which of the variables, as essential attribute to study integrated science, will predict studentsrsquo; performance. Its aim is also to find out which one of the variables is influenced first under a particular teaching method. Three instruments were used for the study. They are, Science Oriented Attitude Scale (SOAS), Science Vocational Interest Inventory (SVII) and Achievement Test in Integrated Science (ATIS). The study is a quasi-experimental type. The sample of the study consisted of 30 Junior Secondary School one Students in Nigeria. Multiple regression was used to analyze the hypothesis raised for the study and the outcome shows that Science Interest possessed the strongest strength for predicting performance than attitude among the students in their different ability level group. It is therefore recommended that, teachers should use good innovative methods that will stimulate studentsrsquo; interest in an attempt to make learning of science more meaningful to the learners and thereby generating improved leaning outcomes that will lead to a change of attitude to science. Key words: Students attitude, academic performance, basic science, vocational interest, prediction. Academic Journals 2012 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/410B95D38469 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC10.049 en Copyright © 2012 Sunday Olufemi Adodo and L. O. Gbore

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:F3FD0A138488 2012-08-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2012

Assessment of obsessive beliefs in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder in comparison to healthy sample Razieh Izadi, Karim Asgari, Hamidtaher Neshatdust and Mohammadreza Abedi Full Length Research Paper Cognitive models of obsessivendash;compulsive disorder (OCD) suggested that dysfunctional beliefs have important role in the etiology and maintenance of this disorder. However, empirical evidence in support of this notion is limited and inconsistent. The aim of current study was to compare scores obtained from the obsessive beliefs questionnaire (OBQ-44) and its subscales in 59 patients with OCD and 54 healthy subjects. OBQ-44 developed by the Obsessive-Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (OCCWG, 2001). All OCD patients were diagnosed using interview based on DSM-IV-TR and completed the Yale-brown obsessive-compulsive scale (YBOCS). Healthy sample was selected from family members of OCD patients. All subjects completed OBQ-44 and Beck depression inventory (BDI). Findings demonstrated that, consistent with predictions, that both OCD and healthy groups had significant differences in scores obtained from OBQ-44 (Plt;0/01) and its subscales. In addition, belief domains concerning perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty (PC subscale) explained 41% of difference between the two groups. Importance/Control of Thoughts (ICT subscale) and responsibility/overestimation of threat domains (RT subscale) explained 17% and 5% of differences between two groups respectively. Possible explanations for these results were discussed. Key words: Obsessive-compulsive disorder, obsessive beliefs, dysfunctional beliefs. Academic Journals 2012 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/F3FD0A138488 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC12.010 en Copyright © 2012 Razieh Izadi, Karim Asgari, Hamidtaher Neshatdust and Mohammadreza Abedi

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:9A0B76038499 2012-08-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2012

Improving well-being with a gratitude exercise in Japanese workers: A randomized controlled trial Yasumasa Otsuka, Masashi Hori and Junko Kawahito, Full Length Research Paper Few individual-focused interventions that focus on improving the well-being of employees have been conducted in the workplace. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of worksite intervention consisting of a gratitude exercise on employeesrsquo; well-being, such as positive affect, life satisfaction and subjective happiness among Japanese workers. A randomized controlled trial was conducted among daytime local-government employees. Participants in the gratitude group were asked to write down up to five people to whom the participant was grateful or thankful in the past week, and participants in the control group were asked to write down up to five events that occurred during the past week, for 4 weeks. Gratitude-related feelings, positive affect, life satisfaction, and subjective happiness were measured as well-being indices three times, that is, at baseline, immediately post intervention and one-month after the intervention. Two-way analysis of variance revealed that gratitude-related feelings and positive affect improved in both groups. No significant effects were observed on life satisfaction and subjective happiness. Gratitude intervention may be beneficial to increase gratitude-related feelings and positive affect. However, similar tendencies were observed in the control group who were asked to simply write down five events that occurred during the week. Key words: Gratitude, positive affect, life satisfaction, subjective happiness, intervention, employees, randomized controlled trial, Japan. Academic Journals 2012 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/9A0B76038499 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC11.031 en Copyright © 2012 Yasumasa Otsuka, Masashi Hori and Junko Kawahito,

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:360FF3D38517 2012-09-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2012

Child maltreatment as predictors of suicidal ideas and attempts in a general female population Monique Seacute;guin, Marc Tourigny and Jacques Joly Full Length Research Paper Child maltreatment has been investigated as a suicide risk for decades. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of women from the general population with suicidal ideas or attempts and add to the actual literature a larger perspective of different types of maltreatment in regards to experiences such as neglect, psychological, physical or sexual abuse, and its association to risk factor for suicide ideas and attempts. Data were collected during a telephone survey held between March and April, 2009 among a sample of 1,001 female adult respondents from the province of Quebec (Canada). Questions were selected to investigate childhood maltreatment as a risk factor for probable depression, and actual post-traumatic stress disorders, and suicidal behaviours in the course of their lives. Regression analysis indicates a positive association between sexual abuse and suicidal ideations, as well as a positive association between sexual abuse, psychological abuse, probable depression and suicide attempts. Respondents, who attempted suicide, were two to three times more likely to have experienced the presence of sexual or psychological abuse in the past and four times more likely to have been screened for a probable depression. Interventions that target the early reduction of sexual or psychological abuse, may translate into ulterior reduction in mental health and suicidal behaviours. Key words: Suicide attempt, suicidal ideas, child maltreatment, neglect, abuse. Academic Journals 2012 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/360FF3D38517 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC12.041 en Copyright © 2012 Monique Seacute;guin, Marc Tourigny and Jacques Joly

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:5616EF338511 2012-09-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2012

Study of psychological parameters of sports women and non-sports women collegiate students of India Sukhbir Singh and Baljinder Singh Bal Full Length Research Paper The purpose of the present study was to analyze the psychological parameters that is (Emotional maturity and its sub variables, extroversion, neuroticism) between sports women and non- sports women collegiate students of India. To obtain the data, a total of sixty (n=60) women students of Trinity College, Jalandhar (India), were randomly selected as subjects. Further the subjects were divided equally into two groups, thirty (n=30) sports women students (who represented college teams in Guru Nanak Dev University inter-college championships during the session 2010-11) and thirty (n=30) non-sports women students (who are studying Arts and Science but not participating in competitive sports). The age of students ranged between 18 to 25 years. To measure the psychological parameters of the sports women and non-sports women students, emotional maturity scale (EMS) constructed and standardized by Singh and Bhargava (1990) and Eysenckrsquo;s personality questionnaire (E.P.Q, 1975) was administered. To compare the psychological parameters of the sports women and non-sports women students, mean and standard deviation were calculated from the obtained data and further t- test was applied to compare the mean of two groups through SPSS. The result of study reveals that significant difference was found between sports women and non-sports women students on the variable. Emotional regression (t-2.17), personality disintegration (t-5.61), lack of independence (t-2.51), emotional maturity (total) with t-value (2.10) and non-significant difference was found on emotional instability (t-0.82) and social maladjustment (t-1.11). On the other hand, significant differences were also found on extroversion (t-3.26) and neuroticism (t-3.50) between sports women and non-sports women. Sports women were found more extrovert and fewer neurotics than non-sports women students. Key words: Emotional maturity, extroversion, neuroticism, college students. Academic Journals 2012 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/5616EF338511 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC12.016 en Copyright © 2012 Sukhbir Singh and Baljinder Singh Bal

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:6ED08E338534 2012-10-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2012

Career indecision and state anxiety of returned international Chinese undergraduate students in Taiwan Huiling H. Peng, Robert E. Johanson and Mei-Hua Chang Full Length Research Paper This study investigates career indecision and levels of state anxiety among 647 returned international Chinese undergraduate students enrolled at 90 universities/colleges in Taiwan. The Chinese-language versions of the Career Decision Scale (CDS) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were administered; results indicated that returned international Chinese undergraduate students in Taiwan are rarely free of state anxiety and career indecision. Moreover, it was discovered that career indecision could be predicted by whether or not students were interested in the subjects they had chosen to study and their current grade point averages, whereas levels of state anxiety could be predicted by whether or not students were interested in the subjects they had chosen to study and if they held part-time jobs during the semester in which the study took place. The results and implications for continuing research among participants of various cultural and linguistic backgrounds are discussed. Key word: Career education, career indecision, state anxiety, international students. Academic Journals 2012 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/6ED08E338534 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC12.003 en Copyright © 2012 Huiling H. Peng, Robert E. Johanson and Mei-Hua Chang

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:56C62CF38541 2012-10-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2012

A study of mindfulness practices and cognitive therapy: Effects on depression and self-efficacy Alexander, V., Tatum, B. C., Auth, C., Takos, D., Whittemore, S. and Fidaleo, R. Full Length Research Paper Despite research findings that Cognitive Therapy (CT) reduces relapse of depression, patients often do have setbacks. Recently, CT researchers have integrated the Eastern meditative practice of mindfulness into cognitive approach. This study was a variation on research on Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (the incorporation of mindfulness and CT) and relapse prevention from depression. Three tracks of participants, mindfulness training (MT), CT and treatment as usual (TAU) were studied to examine relapse rates from depression and the participantsrsquo; sense of self-efficacy. The MT and CT tracks were added on to a regular outpatient treatment program. Three measures were used: the Beck Depression Inventory, the Mindfulness-Based Self Efficacy Scale and the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale. Participants were assessed during an initial (pretest, baseline) period and again at a 3-month follow-up. Results reveal a significant decrease in depression and an increase in mindful and generalized self-efficacy in the MT track (N = 33). The results also showed a significant decrease in depression and mindfulness self-efficacy for the CT track (N = 27), but no significant change in generalized self-efficacy. The TAU track (N = 30) revealed no significant changes in any of the three measures. These trends show promise for relapse prevention of depression and improved sense of self-management through both therapeutic methodologies of mindfulness and cognitive therapy. Key words: Mindfulness, cognitive therapy, depression, mood disorders, self-efficacy. Academic Journals 2012 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/56C62CF38541 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC12.030 en Copyright © 2012 Alexander, V., Tatum, B. C., Auth, C., Takos, D., Whittemore, S. and Fidaleo, R.

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:ACB158E38570 2012-11-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2012

Marital adjustment of working class and non-working class women in Port Harcourt metropolis, Nigeria Tamunoimama Jamabo and Sunday N. Ordu Full Length Research Paper This paper examines the marital adjustment of working class and non-working class women in Port Harcourt metropolis in Rivers State, Nigeria. The survey research design was used for the study. The sample consisted of three hundred (300) subjects selected through multi-stage random sampling procedure from four selected suburbs- Oroworokwo, Rebisi, Ogbunabali, and Orogbum in the Port Harcourt metropolis. Data was collected using the Marital Adjustment Questionnaire that was constructed by the researchers. Independent t-test statistics was used to test the first and second hypotheses while analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the third hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. Results showed that both working class and non-working class women exhibit no clear difference in their marital adjustment. The educational attainment of women does not affect their marital adjustment. Women who are of low income status exhibit the same degree of marital adjustment as those of high income status. The implications of the findings are discussed. Key words: Nigeria, working class women, marital adjustment, educational attainment. Academic Journals 2012 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/ACB158E38570 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC10.051 en Copyright © 2012 Tamunoimama Jamabo and Sunday N. Ordu

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:E62554238576 2012-11-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2012

Family functioning on the identity statues in High School Boys in Isfahan, Iran Zahra Yousefi Full Length Research Paper The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between family functioning and the identity statues in high school boys. 330 high school students from five different education zones in Isfahan, Iran were randomly selected with cluster sampling. Questionnaire was designed to measure the levels of family function and identity status. These comprise lsquo;Extended Version of the Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status (EOMEIS-2)rsquo; and lsquo;Family Functioning Scalersquo;. A question on factors that influence identity statues was formulated. Data were analyzed by hierarchy regression. The results showed that there are significant relationships between sub-domains family function and identity status. Democratic family style, family idealization and cohesion could predict foreclosure statues; family sociability, religious orientation and family idealization could predict achievement statues; democratic family style and family organization could predict moratorium statues and family organization, religious orientation and authoritarian family style could predict diffusion statues. These findings show that to have adolescents with achievement identity, parents should try to have a family with family sociability, religious orientation and family organization among other sub-domains of family functions. Key words: Identity status, family function. Academic Journals 2012 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/E62554238576 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC12.029 en Copyright © 2012 Zahra Yousefi

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:65A605838584 2012-12-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2012

The impact of small business management on product quality, product features and product positioning in Ibadan metropolitan, Oyo State, Nigeria Haliru Bala Full Length Research Paper The study investigated the impact of small business management on product quality, product features and product positioning. The study was conducted in Ibadan metropolitan of Oyo State, Nigeria. Multi-stage and random sampling techniques were used in selecting 1,200 respondents. Information was gathered using primary and secondary data. Questionnaires were used to elicit information and were validated by experts. The data generated from the survey were subjected to both descriptive and inferential analyses. The findings reveal that small business management had influence on product quality [x2 (6) = 155.51; plt;0.001], product positioning [x2 (6) = 52.19; plt;0.001], product features [x2 (4) = 111.83; plt;0.001]. The study concluded that small business management has impact on product quality, product features and product positioning. Key words: Product quality, product features, product positioning, small business management, Ibadan, metropolitan. Academic Journals 2012 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/65A605838584 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC11.042 en Copyright © 2012 Haliru Bala

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:31CF97A38591 2012-12-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2012

Comparison of efficiency of cognitive therapy and logo therapy on the depression rate of aged men Sarvaralsadat Moosavi, Seyed Mousa Kafi, Mostafa Haghiri, Nader Ofoghi, Seyedeh Roghayeh Atashkar and Shahnam Abolghasemi Full Length Research Paper In this paper, we compare the effectiveness of logo therapy (LT) and cognitive therapy (CT) in alleviating symptoms of depression. For this purpose 45 elderly men aged between 65 to 85 years who inhabit in nursing houses were randomly put into two experimental and one control group (n = 45). The experimental groups received techniques of cognitive and logo therapies for 10 treatment sessions, 75 min for each sessions per week. All depressed participants were assessed using the 15-question Geriatric depression scale (GDS-15) before and after the treatment and the results were analyzed by two sample t-test, ANOVA and Tukey test. The results indicated that there were significant differences between the experimental groups and the control group. Both CT and Logo therapy reduced symptoms of depression. Analysis of the results of Tukey test showed that CT had the most and the control group had the least depression and logo therapy was also effective in reducing the disorder. Based on the results we conclude that CT and Logo therapy can be effective non-pharmacological treatment options for reducing negative spontaneous thoughts and depression, and increase quality of life and psychosocial functioning. Key words: Depression, cognitive therapy, logo therapy. Academic Journals 2012 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/31CF97A38591 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC12.009 en Copyright © 2012 Sarvaralsadat Moosavi, Seyed Mousa Kafi, Mostafa Haghiri, Nader Ofoghi, Seyedeh Roghayeh Atashkar and Shahnam Abolghasemi

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:C9C815338604 2013-01-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2013

Patterns and structures of worry among college students in Hawaii and Japan Ayano Yamaguchi and Min-Sun Kim Full Length Research Paper This study presents a comprehensive conceptualization of the structure of worry and its effect on social anxiety. Six hundred and sixty male and female college students in Hawaii and Japan completed a quantitative questionnaire survey, and the data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). However, the unique pattern of worry structure in Japanese male students was different from the findings of the two-dimensional EFA results. Japanese male samples are more likely to be concerned first with their personal worry issues rather than social worry aspects. Because of the economic crisis and a lack of social trust in social capital, the Japanese male students are more likely to have a hard time obtaining full-time jobs and to have to endure the burden of social pressures related to the Japanese job hiring system. Overall, the data indicate that social factors such as quality of life, social capital, risks, illness, concern and worry have an impact on college studentsrsquo; health and well-being. Key words: Culture, social anxiety, concerns, patterns and structures of worry, social factors. Academic Journals 2013 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/C9C815338604 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC12.032 en Copyright © 2013 Ayano Yamaguchi and Min-Sun Kim

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:FAC33CB38608 2013-01-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2013

HIV-related stress in dating relationships and its significance for developmental psychology of adolescence and emerging adulthood Ilse Elisabeth Plattner Full Length Research Paper While developmental psychological literature considers the threat of HIV as a health risk in dating relationships, little if any research has examined the psychological strain that the threat of HIV places on dating couples. This study aimed at investigating HIV-related dating stress. The data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from a sample of 204 students at the University of Botswana aged 18 to 21 years. Most participants were worried about the possibility of contracting HIV through their dating relationships. HIV-related stress derived from: engaging in a sexual relationship; doubts about their partnerrsquo;s trustworthiness, honesty and fidelity; and an inability to communicate with their partner about HIV. Length of dating and sexual intercourse did not result in significant differences in the experience of stress. The results suggest that learning how to deal with the threat of HIV in relationships without compromising interpersonal trust and sexual health becomes a developmental challenge. The results indicate that the threat of HIV creates a cognitive and emotional dilemma, which makes young people prone to engaging in denial to maintain trust in their relationships. Knowledge about HIV-related dating stress and coping mechanisms can benefit psychological counselling and sexual health education for young people. Key words: Adolescence, Botswana, dating relationships, developmental psychology, dyadic trust, emerging adulthood, health psychology, HIV and AIDS, stress and coping. Academic Journals 2013 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/FAC33CB38608 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC12.017 en Copyright © 2013 Ilse Elisabeth Plattner

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:7617DA038628 2013-02-28T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2013

Potentiality of taubah (Islamic repentance) and listening to the Holy Quran recitation on galvanic skin response Urme Binte Salam, Muhammad Nubli Abdul Wahab and Ahmad Bin Ibrahim Full Length Research Paper Taubah and listening to the Holy Quran recitation are highly recognizable Islamic repentance to the Muslim community. Undoubtedly, these beliefs can flourish people#39;s mind and soul. Therefore, this repentance has a miraculous power to reduce anxiety and stress like psychological pessimistic matters from one#39;s mind. Besides this, listening to the Holy Quran recitation can relieve and calm a disturbed mind. Consequently, this repentance may be used as the therapeutic agents in some cases. In this work, the authors make use of taubahand listening to the Holy Quran recitation as stimuli in psychophysiological research, via galvanic skin response (GSR), an objective method for realizing the changes of emotional response of subjects. The results show that GSR can be used as a measure of mental states by listening to the Holy Quran. The effect of listening to the Holy Quran recitation on GSR is compared with that of taubah. Both taubah and listening to the Holy Quran recitation display changes on GSR; however the former reflects the greater changes than the latter. Key words: Taubah, listening to the Holy Quran, galvanic skin response and psychophysiology. Academic Journals 2013 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/7617DA038628 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC12.034 en Copyright © 2013 Urme Binte Salam, Muhammad Nubli Abdul Wahab and Ahmad Bin Ibrahim

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:EF4C14438618 2013-02-28T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2013

Influence of personal characteristics on the knowledge and attitude of Pamol plantation workers towards HIV/AIDS in the Southwest Region Cameroon Jane M. Chah, D. Ewane, A. E. Agwu and E. M. Igbokwe Full Length Research Paper This study assessed the influence of personal characteristics on knowledge and attitude of Pamol plantation workers (n = 75) towards HIV/AIDS in Southwest Region of Cameroon. The percentage of workers with correct knowledge on the etiology/transmission, symptoms and prevention of HIV/AIDS and positive attitude towards HIV/AIDS was determined. Knowledge indices on etiology/transmission (KIET), symptoms (KIS) and prevention (KIP) of HIV/AIDS and attitude indices (AI) of the various age groups, marital status, educational level, religious groups, sex, migration status and rank of the workers were constructed. Regression analysis, Analysis of Variance and Students t-test were used to analyze the data. None of the personal characteristics of the workers had any significant (pgt;0.05) influence on their knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS. However, the mean KIET of supervisory workers (16.75) was significantly different (plt;0.05) from that of their hourly rated counterparts (15.78). The mean AI of respondents in the supervisory category (14.46) was higher than those of the hourly rated category (12.35). Despite the existence of HIV/AIDS programmes in the plantation workers, HIV/AIDS stigmatization was still present. This stigmatization would have a negative impact on the productivity of affected workers. Hence, intervention programmes aimed at eliminating stigmatization among the workers should be pursued. Key words: Cameroon, HIV/AIDS, knowledge, attitude, stigmatization plantation workers. Academic Journals 2013 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/EF4C14438618 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC12.036 en Copyright © 2013 Jane M. Chah, D. Ewane, A. E. Agwu and E. M. Igbokwe

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:4C101AD38653 2013-05-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2013

Emotional isolation, degradation and exploitation as correlates of adolescents’ self-concept in Nigeria Abiodun Gesinde Full Length Research Paper Emotional maltreatment of children and adolescents is a subtype of abuse. The magnitude at which children and adolescents suffer from emotional maltreatment of isolation, degradation and exploitation has been found to be very startling. While studies have shown the impact of several dimensions of emotional abuse on human behaviours, there is lack of empirical information on the combined and separate effects of emotional isolation, degradation, and exploitation on the self-concept of adolescents. Hence, the study examined the combined and separate effects of these variables on self-concept of adolescents in Nigeria. Four hundred and eighty adolescents (215 males and 265 females) selected through purposive sampling technique from fifteen private secondary schools in Ota, Nigeria participated in this descriptive survey design of ex-post facto study. Questionnaires on Seven Dimensions Emotional Maltreatment at Home (QSDEMH, alpha; = 0.84) and Adolescent Personal Data Inventory (APDI, alpha; = 0.81) were used to generate data. Three research questions were tested at 0.05 alpha level and stepwise multiple regression was employed for the analysis. Results indicated that the three independent variables jointly accounted for 26.2% of the variance in self-concept (R2 = .262.) and separately predicted self-concept at different degrees (Isolating beta;= -.202; t=- 4.441; p lt;0.05; Degrading beta;= -.261; t= -5.354; p lt;0.05; Exploiting beta;= -.169; t= -3.438; p gt;0.05). There was also negative but significant relationship between the predictors and the criterion variable. It is recommended that psychological intervention programmes currently available in schools should be enhanced to identify and treat psychological maltreatment. Key words: Adolescents, abuse, emotional degradation, exploitation, isolation, Nigeria, self-concept. Academic Journals 2013 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/4C101AD38653 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC2013.0200 en Copyright © 2013 Abiodun Gesinde

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:2630F2F38642 2013-05-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2013

Bias in personnel selection and occupational assessments: Theory and techniques for identifying and solving bias Herbert Kanengoni Review The controversy over the use of occupational assessments and how to deal with adverse impact resulting from group differences continue with no definitive answers. Despite the fact that it is a scientific and precise tool for measurement, psychological testing has been accused of being a culturally biased procedure that results in discrimination against minority groups, particularly against job candidates and such discrimination and bias raise problems which have adverse legal implications in organisations. The concept of bias is crucial in personnel selection specifically in psychometric testing and is one of the major problems encountered by psychologists. Although most practitioners rely heavily on psychometric testing as the best selection method, it is important for those who rely on these tests to be very careful when using them to avoid bias. The paper focuses on the theory and techniques for identifying bias and improving the validity of occupational assessments. Key words: Bias, personnel selection, occupational assessments, discrimination Academic Journals 2013 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/2630F2F38642 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC2012.0196 en Copyright © 2013 Herbert Kanengoni

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:5318A2138659 2013-05-31T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2013

Satisfaction with life, Self-esteem, gender and marital status as predictors of depressive symptoms among United Arab Emirates college students Saleh A. Al Khatib Full Length Research Paper The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive role of life satisfaction, self-esteem, gender and marital status on depressive symptoms. The sample consists of 547 (315 female; 232 males) undergraduate students from Al Ain university of Science and Technology in United Arab Emirates. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Centre for Epidemiologic Scale (CES-D) (Radlolf, 1977) while life satisfaction was measured by satisfaction with life Scale (SWLS) (Diener et al., 1985) and Self-Esteem Scale (SES) (Rosenberg, 1965) was used to measure self-esteem. T-test analysis, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis were employed. The findings showed a great ratio of depressive symptoms among UAE college students. Female students reported higher level of depressive symptoms than males. Also single students obtained higher depression than married. The findings showed that lower life satisfaction and lower self-esteem were associated with high levels of depressive symptoms. However, life satisfaction emerged as the most significant predictor of depressive symptoms accounting for 32.6% of the variance, self-esteem, gender and marital status each accounted for an additional 6.5% of the variance in depressive symptoms. All three predictors explained 38.2% of the total variance. The implications and limitations are reviewed as are the suggestions for future research. Key words: Depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, self-esteem, gender, marital status, college students. Academic Journals 2013 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/5318A2138659 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC12.018 en Copyright © 2013 Saleh A. Al Khatib

oai:academicjournals.org:IJPC:BE0497E38670 2013-06-30T00:00:00Z AcademicJournals IJPC IJPC:2013

Attitude of adolescents towards abortion in Ilorin Metropolis Alade, Folasade Adesola Full Length Research Paper The study examined the attitude of adolescents in Ilorin metropolis towards abortion. The study made use of descriptive design and the instrument used was a self-constructed questionnaire titled the attitude of adolescents towards abortion. A panel of guidance counselors and psychologists established its face and content validities. Test re-test reliability of the instrument was also ensured and a reliability coefficient of 0.80 was obtained at 0.05 level of significant. Four secondary schools were selected through random sampling. The sample consisted of two hundred subjects, fifty from each school, selected through stratified random sampling. Two hypotheses were formulated and tested using t-test analysis at 0.05 level of significant. The results of the analysis showed a negative attitude towards abortion. Also, male and female, Christian and Muslim adolescents had the same attitude towards abortion. It was therefore recommended that since adolescents engage in activities that are perceived to be contrary to the norms and rules of society, counseling is needed and this should be adequately provided by both the counselors and the parents. Key words: Attitude, adolescents, abortion, pregnancy, female adolescents, Ilorin Metropolis. Academic Journals 2013 TEXT text/html https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPC/article-abstract/BE0497E38670 http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPC10.032 en Copyright © 2013 Alade, Folasade Adesola 2024-07-18T18:44:09Z|100|oai_dc|ijpc