Articles
Page 9 of 1135, showing 50 records out of 56709 total, starting on record 401, ending on 450
July 2018
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and kidney protective potential of combined formulation of Tribulus terrestris and Andrographis paniculata in alloxan induced mice
The study aims to evaluate the effect of Tribulus terrestris and Andrographis paniculata on body weight, blood glucose, lipid profile and renal protective capability in alloxan induced type-1 diabetic mice. Six groups of five male Swiss Albino mice each, at four weeks of age were used in this experiment. Group-X were fed saline water and Group-Y with combined herbal formulation at a high dose (1 g/kg bwt) to asses...
July 2018
African Journal of Microbiology Research
Determination of aflatoxin M1 in bovine milk from the Alagoas/Brazil State dairy belt by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
Milk is considered a nutritionally noble food and is therefore suitable for feeding children and adults. However, contamination of milk by mycotoxins may pose a health risk to the consumer. Aflatoxins, mycotoxins produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus, can be found in several food products, including milk and its derivatives, which reinforces the importance of this type of study on the occurrence of the aflatoxin M1...
July 2018
African Journal of Microbiology Research
Microbiological quality and safety of milk production and marketing in Hawassa district, Ethiopia
The microbiological quality and safety of milk samples from different sources in Hawassa distinct from southern nations, nationalities and people regional state was evaluated. A total of 63 raw milk samples were obtained from three selected dairy farms, urban and rural households. Twenty-seven pasteurized milk samples were obtained from three retail brands from various supermarkets in Hawassa city. Each milk...
July 2018
African Journal of Microbiology Research
Differential niche occupation and the biotechnological potential of Methylobacterium species associated with sugarcane plants
This work highlighted a putative link between the physiological activity and genetic diversity of Methylobacterium species and the association with sugarcane roots and rhizoplane. In total, 40 isolates previously described as pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophic bacteria (PPFMs), were evaluated for their ability to fix nitrogen and solubilize inorganic phosphate, amylase and pectinase activity. This in vitro...
July 2018
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Climbing beans in Uganda: A perspective of smallholder farmers on their determinants, associated challenges and implications for research
In many parts of the world including Uganda climbing beans are mostly grown in highland areas where population density is high and land is limiting. The objective of this study was to contribute to understanding the current status of the factors affecting productivity of climbing beans among smallholder farmers in Uganda. Kisoro and Kabale districts in the South West were selected for the study. Primary data was...
July 2018
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Agriculture and food security under threat of change climate in Benin
Vulnerability of agriculture to climate change has been a key issue due to its negative effect on human survival. This study aims to determine the effect of climate change on the production of crops to draw the attention of plant breeders on the paramount necessity to breed new varieties that are tolerant to abiotic stress (drought, temperature, salinity and flooding) for the happiness of farmers. Data on the...
July 2018
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Assessment of soil characteristics under four cropping and land management systems in south west Nigeria
Soil degradation and desertification pose a major threat to agricultural production in sub-Saharan Africa. The influence of cropping systems which had been established on selected physical and chemical properties of soil were investigated in Akinyode-Okinni community in Egbedore Local Government Area (LGA) of Osun State, Nigeria. The cropping systems included agri-silviculture (SCM), silvi-pasture (SPC),...
July 2018
African Journal of Biotechnology
Phytochemical profile and biological activities of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae): A review
This study discusses the bioactive composition, supercritical fluid extraction and biological activities of Momordica charantia L. from the last five years. Numerous compounds that have been identified in the extracts of M. charantia, including phytosterols, terpenoids, fatty acids, phenolic compounds, phenolic acids and flavonoids were also discussed. Although, several studies reported the use of organic solvents in...
July 2018
African Journal of Biotechnology
Enhancement of somaclonal variations and genetic diversity using graphite nanoparticles (GtNPs) in sweet potato plants
To assay the efficiency of graphite nanoparticles (GtNPs) in sterilizing tissues and their role in enhancing genetic diversity, sweet potato is considered an important crop; hence its explants were used. In this experiment, GtNPs of 200, 400 and 800 ppm concentrations were used for sterilization of MS callus induction and regeneration media in Abees cultivar. The results showed that GtNPs had a good potential for...
July 2018
African Journal of Biotechnology
Comparative evaluation of the physicochemical and pasting properties of flour from three varieties of Brachystegia spp.
The chemical compositions, functional and pasting properties of flour from three varieties of Brachystegia spp. (Brachystegia eurycoma, Brachystegia nigerica and Brachystegia kennedy) were studied. Results show that the chemical compositions of flour samples ranged from12.31 to 12.67% (protein), 1.66 to 1.72% (crude fiber), 2.06 to 2.39% (ash), 7.18 to 8.45% (fat), 3.85 to 4.75% (sugar) and 58.45 to 59.62% (starch)....
July 2018
African Journal of Biotechnology
Molecular diagnosis of phytoplasma transmission from zygotic embryos to in vitro regenerated plants of coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.)
The aim of this study was to investigate the transmission of the lethal yellowing disease (LYD) of coconut tree caused by a phytoplasma from the zygotic embryo to the regenerated plantlet in vitro. From a total of 30 trees, 150 mature coconut nuts where harvested. These nuts were used to extract 150 zygotic embryos. From this package, 96 zygotic embryos were used to regenerate 96 young coconut seedlings in vitro and the...
July 2018
African Journal of Biotechnology
Antimicrobial activity of metabolites extracted from Zanthoxylum gilletii, Markhamia lutea and their endophytic fungi against common bean bacterial pathogens
Antibacterial activity of extracts of Zanthoxylum gilletii, Markhamia lutea and their fungal endophytes were evaluated against bacterial pathogens of common bean: Xanthomonus axonopodis pv. phaseoli and Pseudomonus syringae pv. phaseolicola. The leaves of both plants were dried under shade, ground to fine powder and extracted using methanol. The methanol extracts were fractionated sequentially using ethylacetate and...
June 2018
Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science
Inheritance and combining ability study on drought tolerance and grain yield among early maturing inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.)
Utilization of stress tolerant maize is key to sustainable production and food security. Limited knowledge on genetics of drought tolerance hampers development of drought tolerant varieties. The aim of this study was to study inheritance and combining ability of drought tolerance and grain yield among early inbred lines of maize. Five inbred lines were mated in full diallel in 2015 major season. The resultant 20...
June 2018
Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science
Development of two high-yielding, consumer-acceptable apple banana hybrids (Musa species, AAB genome group) with resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1
Fusarium wilt of bananas (Musa species) is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). Foc race 1 in particular affects dessert bananas in Uganda, causing >60% yield loss. This study was conducted to assess the performance of two new apple banana genotypes for bunch yield, resistance to Foc race 1 and consumer acceptability. The new apple banana genotypes (NAMU1 and NAMU2), along with two check cultivars, one...
June 2018
Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science
Effect of heat stress on common bean under natural growing conditions in three locations in different climate zones in the state of São Paulo, Brazil
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) originated in medium to high altitude regions and is sensitive to high temperatures. Climate changes from an increase in global temperatures are foreseen, and therefore better understanding of the mechanisms of heat tolerance is necessary. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of heat stress on twelve common bean genotypes under natural growing...
June 2018
Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science
Genetic variation of tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] genotypes for reaction to tef shoot fly [Atherigona hyalinipennis Van Emden], at Maysiye, Northern Ethiopia
One of the major biotic stresses that limits tef yield is insect pests attack. Of these tef, shoot fly is sporadically important insect pest in various tef growing areas of Ethiopia. Evaluation of diversity of tef germplasm in Ethiopia for the reaction tef shoot fly might give a chance to get host plant resistance. The main objective of this study was to assess the genetic variation among tef genotypes for their...
June 2018
International Journal of Livestock Production
Success drivers of pig artificial insemination based on imported fresh semen
This study was conducted to assess the factors that affect pig litter size, proportion of live pigs at birth, number of inseminations per conception, and efficiency of artificial insemination. The main factors assessed were sow breed (n = 2), sire breed (n = 3), sow parity (n = 7) and insemination method (n = 2). The sow breeds used were Landrace, LL (n = 27) and Landrace × Pietran crossbreds, LP (n = 37); boar...
June 2018
International Journal of Livestock Production
Relationships between sperm morphology and semen cation concentrations in red sokoto goats (Capra aegagrus hircus)
The study evaluated the relationships between sperm morphology and semen cation concentrations in Red Sokoto bucks. A total of 31 Red Sokoto bucks were used for the study. Semen samples were collected from each animal on weekly basis for 52 weeks using an electro-ejaculator. Sperm morphological traits: detached mid-piece and tail (DMT), detached head (DH), mid-piece droplet (MPD), coiled and bent tail (CBT), and...
June 2018
International Journal of Livestock Production
Feed resources assessment, laboratory evaluation of chemical composition of feeds and livestock feed balance in enset (Ensete ventricosum)-based mixed production systems of Gurage zone, southern Ethiopia
The study was conducted in four districts of Gurage zone, Sothern Nations Nationalities and People’s Region to determine the quantity and quality of available feed resources and to measure the livestock feed balance. A total of 360 households from dega (highland) and weinadega (midaltitude) peasant associations were selected using proportional sample size determination (Cochran, 1909; Thrustfield, 2013). The DM...
June 2018
International Journal of Livestock Production
Evaluation of the reproductive performance of Holstein Friesian dairy cows in Alage ATVET college, Ethiopia
The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of pure Holstein Friesian dairy cows exploring 28 years records (1987 to 2015) in Alage Agricultural Technical and Vocational Education Training (ATVET) College dairy farm. General linear model procedures of SAS version 9.2 was employed to determine the effects of period of birth, season of birth, period of calving, season of calving and parity on...
June 2018
International Journal of Livestock Production
Supplementary value of two Lablab purpureus cultivars and concentrate mixture to natural grass hay basal diet based on feed intake, digestibility, growth performance and net return of Horro sheep
This study was undertaken with the aim to determine the supplementary value of Beresa-55 and Gebisa-17 cultivars and concentrate mixture to a basal diet of natural pasture hay based on growth performance, feed utilization, digestibility and net return of Horro sheep. A total of twenty five yearlings Horro sheep were stratified into five groups based on initial body weight in randomized complete block design and animals...
June 2018
Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology
A longitudinal data analysis on risk factors for developing type-2 diabetes mellitus at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic chronic diseases characterized by high blood sugar levels with multi-system complications. The objective of this study was to assess the risk factors for developing type-2 diabetes mellitus over time in their random blood sugar and to obtain better predictive model for type 2 diabetes patients’ random blood sugar (RBS) level in the University of Gondar Comprehensive...
June 2018
Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology
Investigation on the effect of a one-day pharmacovigilance training of healthcare professionals
A key objective of the decentralized pharmacovigilance program is to increase the knowledge of in-service healthcare professionals in pharmacovigilance to enable them develop a culture and practice of adverse drug reactions reporting. It is imperative to evaluate the impact of the training offered, as it is a key component of the national decentralized pharmacovigilance program. Thus the aim of this study was to...
June 2018
Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology
Caregiver feeding practices in Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone is a basis for developing a community based Early Childhood Development (ECD) programme. Using a set of questions in a household survey, it was found that 92% of children are given breast milk as their first food. However, for 39% of children, breastfeeding stops after 40 days. 46% of the children were not breastfed exclusively until six months. 28% of the children did not get three meals per day, and...
June 2018
Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology
Prevalence of hepatitis B and C among HIV/AIDS patients attending Bingham University Teaching Hospital Jos Plateau State Nigeria: A retrospective study
The prevalence of hepatitis B and C (HBV and HCV) among HIV infected persons is a major public health problem in Nigeria. The increasing number of people living with HIV in Nigeria has presented the health care system with new co-morbid infections such as HBV and HCV. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C among HIV/AIDS patients attending Bingham University Teaching Hospital Jos...
June 2018
Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology
Knowledge, attitude and practice on hand washing and associated factors among public primary schools children in Hosanna town, Southern Ethiopia
The burden of communicable diseases within developing countries is mainly influenced by poor personal hygiene practices Despite substantial evidence about the effectiveness of hand washing, especially using soap at all critical time, the practice is poor in developing countries including Ethiopia. The problem is not researched well on children who are major risk groups for diarrheal diseases, ARI and other hygiene...
June 2018
International Journal of Livestock Production
Indigenous breeding practices and selection criteria of sheep breed in central zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
This study was conducted with the aim to generate organized information on traditional breeding practices and selection criteria for indigenous sheep types in three districts of central zone of Tigray, North Ethiopia. A total of 180 households were randomly sampled for the interview. A semi-structured questionnaire and group discussion were further used to gather information on sheep breeding practices and selection...
June 2018
African Journal of Food Science
Chemical composition, functional and organoleptic properties of complementary foods formulated from millet, soybean and African locust bean fruit pulp flour blends
This study was aimed at producing and evaluating the quality of complementary foods from millet, soybean and African locust bean fruit pulp. The millet, soybean and African locust bean fruits were obtained locally in Kaduna, Nigeria. These materials were separately cleaned, dried, milled and sieved into flours. The flours were mixed as follows: Sample A (60% millet, 10% soybean, 30% African locust bean fruit pulp),...
June 2018
African Journal of Food Science
Meat quality analysis of Djallonke lambs co-infected with Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubrifromis (Trichostrongyloidae) and treated with two medicinal plants
Gastrointestinal nematode infection adversely affects small ruminant productivity all over the world, especially in tropical countries. A study was carried out to evaluate the extent to which concurrent infection with these nematodes may influence lamb meat quality, and how phytotherapy might improve these parameters. During the trial, 24 male Djallonke lambs (Age: 3 to 5 months) were experimentally infected with...
June 2018
African Journal of Food Science
Comparison of traditional butter preservation techniques using microbial and organoleptic properties, West Shewa, Ethiopia
The study was conducted in Dire Inchini and Ambo districts of West Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia to assess traditional butter preservation methods and compare their efficiency. Semi-structured questionnaire was prepared, pretested and used to interview 120 women respondents having experience in butter making. Butter preservation methods identified were ghee making (100%), spicing (98.33%), melted butter (29.17%) and salting...
June 2018
Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health
Mechanism of retained placenta and its treatment by plant medicine in ruminant animals in Oromia, Ethiopia
Retained placenta is the abnormal condition in animal reproduction in which fetal membrane failed to detach from maternal uterine wall after postpartum. The retention of placenta can create some disorders within reproductive organ of animals by allowing microorganisms to grow inside the uterus causing inflammation of uterus, fever, weight loss, decreasing milk yield, longer calving intervals and if the case is severe...
June 2018
Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health
A study on gross and histopathological pulmonary lesions of cattle slaughtered at Abergelle Abattoir, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
Animals in sub-Saharan African countries are used as source of milk, meat, hides and skin where animal diseases are one of the primary constraints in increasing the productivity of food animals. Studies were conducted to examine various respiratory problems of cattle with purpose of identifying the gross and histopathological lesions in lungs of slaughtered cattle at Abergelle Export Abattoir from April 2015 to June...
June 2018
Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health
Study on calf coccidiosis in dairy farms in and around Holeta Town, Finfine Zuria Liyu Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Bovine coccidiosis is a protozoan infection caused by different species of Eimeria which has a worldwide distribution. The disease which mainly affects calves belongs to large herd size where hygiene is not well managed and is associated with poor body condition. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 to determine the prevalence of bovine coccidiosis and identify the associated risk...
June 2018
International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation
Indigenous knowledge based identification of medicinal plants in Central Zone of Tigray, North Ethiopia
There are many traditional medicine practitioners in every corner of the world, which can be grouped into spiritual healers and herbalists. Both groups do not tell to others about medicinal plants sometimes even to their descendants. This may have many different reasons, some say the medicine becomes functional if it is used in secret and some do not tell others fearing for competition of market as well as the medicinal...
June 2018
International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation
Conservation status of bird fauna of South West of Omo National Park, Ethiopia
A study on the conservation status of bird fauna of South West of Omo National Park (SWONP), South Western Ethiopia was conducted for dry (January - March, 2012) and wet (April - June, 2012) seasons. The study area was stratified based on vegetation (Riverine Forest land (RFL), Grass land (GL), and Bush land (BL)). Using systematic sampling, data was collected on birds in the morning (6:30 - 10:00 am) and evening...
June 2018
International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation
On-farm description and status of Nuer (Abigar) cattle breed in Gambella Regional State, Ethiopia
This study was conducted in Gambella Regional State (GRS) in order to characterize the Abigar cattle breed phenotypically at its breeding tract. It was done purposively in four selected districts of the region using extensive field surveys, morphological measurements and focused group discussions on the origin, distribution, current status and future threats, production and reproduction characteristics of Abigar cattle...
June 2018
Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development
Growth and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars as influenced by rates of phosphorus at Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important food and cash crop in southwest Ethiopia with multiple uses. Productivity of the crop is, however, low at national as well as regional levels, mainly due to low soil fertility. Phosphorus (P) deficiency is particularly important in acid soils of southwest Ethiopia affecting growth and yield of seed legumes in general and that of common beans in particular. Therefore, a...
June 2018
Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development
Yield and agronomic performances of desi type chickpea genotypes against acidic soil of
Western Ethiopia
Currently, 40% of arable land in Ethiopia is affected by acidity and particularly the soil acidity problem that occurs in central and western zones of Oromia deserves immediate intervention for crop production. The objective of the present study was to examine responses of Desi type chickpea varieties against acidic soil of western Ethiopia. Pooled analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significant difference among...
June 2018
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Heavy metals pollution index of surface water from Commodore channel, Lagos, Nigeria
Surface water pollution poses a major risk to all biotic entities dependent on the water body. This study assessed the surface water quality of commodore channel, Lagos lagoon with respect to its heavy metals pollution level using indexing approach to determine the sources of heavy metal and its associated pollution risk. Samples were collected at a depth of 10-15 cm within a distance of 4 km from the shore line. Metal...
June 2018
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Assessment of water quality in the lower Nyong estuary (Cameroon, Atlantic Coast) from environmental variables and phytoplankton communities’ composition
The aim of this study was to provide a first-hand water quality assessment of the River Nyong estuary, Southern Atlantic coast of Cameroon. Environmental variables and phytoplankton communities were monitored at four surface stations in the estuary for 2 season cycles from 2014 to 2015. A total of 208 species of phytoplankton, belonging to five (5) groups of microalgae, were identified. The Shannon-Weaver diversity...
June 2018
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Bacterial community changes during composting of municipal crop waste using low technology methods as revealed by 16S rRNA
Bacterial communities are actively involved in composting process but the environment within the compost influences their diversity, abundance and succession. In this study, the authors investigated the bacterial communities in tropical crop waste compost using pyrosequencing. Municipal crop wastes from the tropics (Uganda) were composted under four different low-technology methods. Samples were collected from the early...
June 2018
Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics
Income contribution and adoption potential of apple based agroforestry on homestead farms in West and North Shoa zones of Ethiopia
To reduce the local people high reliance on the remnant forest, the then Forestry Research Center and GTZ introduced and provided Apple tree seedlings for selected residents in the West and North Shoa Zones of Ethiopia two decades ago. However, despite the provision of such variety of seedlings, a study that assessed the contribution of the fruit trees to the household economy improvement, and the various determinant...
June 2018
Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics
A study on prisoner population and food demand in Malawi prisons
While Malawi’s per capita cereal production may be higher than her per capita cereal consumption, Malawi is a net cereal importer and thus food insecure. The food situation is much worse in Malawi’s prisons because inmates generally eat one meal per day. The general objective of this study was to project prisoner population and food demand for ten years, from 2015 to 2025. Using structured questionnaires in...
June 2018
Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics
Assessment of the factors affecting the performance of micro and small scale enterprise: The case of Wolkite town, Guraghe zone, Southern Ethiopia
Currently, the Ethiopian government gives a great emphasis on the growth of micro and small-scale enterprises. Besides, some empirical studies were conducted to identify the factors affecting the performance of micro and small-scale enterprises in this town. For the sake of achieving this goal most important primary sources of data were collected through survey questionnaire from samples of 30 peoples by means of the...
June 2018
Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development
Gender and youth challenges and opportunities in rural community: The case of Goregora, West Dembia district of North West Ethiopia
The study was conducted in Goregora, North West Ethiopia. The main objective of the study was to analyze gender role, gender and youth challenges and opportunities in the study area. Two stage sampling technique was employed. Male (32) and female (28), in total 60 sample respondents were interviewed. The sample size for this study was a function of the variability of the population characteristics, time and resource...
June 2018
Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development
Participatory evaluation of the adaptability of released maize varieties to moisture stress areas of Dugda Dawa, southern Oromia
Maize is an essential food crop in Ethiopia. The experiment was conducted to establish and select adaptable maize variety/ies with better agronomic performance and to familiarize farmers with improved agronomic practices for moisture stress within the study area. The experiment was conducted on agro-pastoralists’ land by the researcher together with some selected members of agro-pastoralists. Three maize varieties...
June 2018
Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health
Determination of pH and water holding capacity of beef from selected butcher shops of Mekelle, Ethiopia
A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the water holding capacity (WHC) of beef sold in selected butcher shops of Mekelle, Ethiopia and to establish the effects of pre-slaughter rests and age of the animals with pH and WHC of the meats. A total of 80 samples from 80 randomly selected butcher shops were sampled in 6 months study period of time, from May to October. Each sample was accompanied by...
June 2018
Journal of Parasitology and Vector Biology
Tungiasis: An Overview
Tungiasis exists worldwide with varying degrees of incidence and prevalence. The aim of this paper was to review the existing literature concerning Tungiasis. Tungiasis has been shown to be a public health concern for resource-poor rural communities in developing countries such as Nigeria, Kenya, Cameroon, Trinidad, Tobago, and Brazil, where its prevalence has been known to reach 50%. As a literatures reviewed, poor...
June 2018
Journal of Parasitology and Vector Biology
Spatial distribution of fresh water snail intermediate host in Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Field investigation to establish the density of fresh water snail intermediate host in four water bodies of Yenagoa metropolis were carried out during January to March, 2016. Snails were collected in each water body using scooping and handpicking methods. The identification of snails and the determination of physico-chemical parameter of the water body followed standard procedures. Three snail species were...
June 2018
Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics
Determinants of food insecurity and coping strategies of rural households: The case of Shalla District, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Food security at the household level in the rural areas of Ethiopia has remained a challenging goal until today. The design and implementation of effective measures to reduce household food insecurity needs an in depth understanding of its covariates. As a result, this study was conducted with the specific objectives of estimating the situation, extent and severity of food insecurity, identifying factors influencing...
Page 9 of 1135, showing 50 records out of 56709 total, starting on record 401, ending on 450
