Study of chemical residues from Nemarioc-AL and Nemafric-BL phytonematicides in tomato fruit
March 2017
Pesticide chemical residues in produce and products are a global concern in human and animal diets. Nemarioc-AL (a.i. cucurbitacin A) and Nemafric-BL (a.i. cucurbitacin B) phytonematicides serve as alternatives to synthetic nematicides in the management of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in tomato (Solanum lycorpersicum) production. Cucurbitacins are the bitterest chemical compounds, and therefore, could affect...
Behavior and water needs of sesame under different irrigation regimes: III. Production and hydric efficiency
March 2017
This study aimed to identify the irrigation depth (305, 436, 567 and 698 mm), applied on the basis of crop evapotranspiration- ETc (the depth of 567 mm was equal to 100% of ETc) for best yield (Y) and water use efficiency (WUE) for irrigation and soil water stress tolerance (Ky) of sesame BRS 196 CNPA G4. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Cotton, Barbalha County, CE State, Brazil, in 2012. The experimental design...
Evaluation of a set of near isogenic lines (NILS) for rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) resistance and farmers’ participatory varietal evaluation in Sierra Leone
March 2017
Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) is the most important rice - infecting virus in Africa. Isolates of the virus were collected from Eastern, Southern and Northern Provinces of Sierra Leone and evaluated for pathogenicity on rice, using visual symptom rating and other disease-related traits such as plant height and yield depression. Near Iso-lines NIL 2, NIL 16, NIL 54 and NIL 130, developed by AfricaRice and...
Threshold aluminium toxicity in finger millet
March 2017
At high concentrations, Aluminium (Al) can be a serious threat to agricultural production because it inhibits growth of the roots, inducing oxidative stress, callose induction, peroxidation of the cellular membrane, nutrient imbalances and ends with cell death. This finding aimed to investigate threshold toxicity level of Al on finger millet varieties. The threshold value was determined by wrapping and germinating...
The determinants of small-scale irrigation practice and its contribution on household farm income: The case of Arba Minch Zuria Woreda, Southern Ethiopia
March 2017
This study was conducted at Arba Minch Zuria Woreda. The area lacks in-depth studies to identify the determinant factors that influence the use of irrigation water. In the study area it is also not well known to what extent the households using irrigation water were better-off than those who depend on rain-fed agriculture. Therefore, the study was focused on assessing the determinants of small-scale irrigation...
Root and shoot growth responses of sorcoll163/07 and sorcoll141/07 sorghum landraces (Sorghum bicolor L.) Moench to different salt concentration levels
March 2017
Salt stress is one of the most adverse abiotic environmental factors that inhibit growth and productivity of plants. This experiment was carried out at physiology laboratory, Addis Ababa University. Sorghum landraces (sorcoll163/07 and sorcoll141/07) were collected with many other landraces from different sorghum growing regions of Ethiopia and they were selected for their stay-green traits and drought tolerance...
Distribution and abundance of emerging invasive weeds in central Western part of Ethiopia
March 2017
Invasive alien weed species; are non-indigenous species that have adverse economic, environment and ecological effects on habitats where they have been introduced, either accidentally or deliberately, outside their normal past or present distribution. The objective of this study was to determine the distribution and abundance of emerging invasive weeds in West Shewa and East Wollega Zones of Western Oromia. The...
Determination of the soil compaction in real time on field with plate penetrometer and data filtering system
March 2017
Soil compaction due to traffic is the process whereby soil bulk density is increased. The compaction level depends on the weight of the vehicle, and the soil susceptibility to compaction, which is characterized by its mechanical properties (that is, the stress-strain relationships). The plate penetrometer can be used to quantify the levels of soil compaction in-situ and supply a larger number of information on the...
Influence of different soil management practices on soil organisms and maize (Zea mays L.) yield in South Eastern Nigeria
March 2017
The experiment was conducted at Teaching and Research Farm of University of Port Harcourt between May and August, 2016 to determine the influence of different soil management practices on soil organisms and maize yield (Zea mays L.) in South Eastern Nigeria. The experiment consisted of six treatments, namely: control (no application), cover crop (pumpkin cover), 10 t/ha dry guinea grass mulch (dead mulch), 10 t/ha...
Rice mutants and their responses to suboptimal temperatures in the early stages of development
March 2017
The aim of this study was to verify differences in the tolerance to suboptimal temperatures of eight rice mutant genotypes in relation to their cultivars of origin in the initial stages of development. During the germination period, the germination percentage and the germination rate index were evaluated at temperatures of 25 and 13°C. For the vegetative stage enzymatic indicators, photosynthetic pigment...
Live body weight and linear body measurements of indigenous sheep population in their production system for developing suitable selection criteria in Central Zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
March 2017
The aim of this study was to characterize phenotype indigenous sheep population in central zone of Tigray. A total of 450 adult sheep were sampled randomly for this purpose. Based on dentition adult sheep were classified into four age categories. Average BW of the sampled sheep in Tanqua-Abergelle, Kola-Tembien and Adwa districts were (20.19±0.19, 22.18±0.22 and 23.68±0.33) kg, respectively....
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars performance grown during offseason in cerrado soils
March 2017
The cultivation of that legume is widespread throughout the country presenting high expression in the social and economic issues. The aim of this work was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics and disease incidence in ten common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars grown in Cerrado soils. The research was developed under field conditions during two cropping years. The studied cultivars were: IAC - Galante, IAC -...
Effect of a biocide treatment on microbes in sweet sorghum juice
March 2017
Microbial contamination of sweet sorghum juice can result in loss of fermentable sugars used as bioproducts. A carbamate-based biocide in doses of 200 and 400 ppm used in the sugarcane industry was applied to sorghum juice collected from 4 and 8 in billets, or whole stalks, and growth of microbes was evaluated. Dosing with 200 ppm biocide reduced the microbial count in juice samples by approximately 99%, but a residual...
Effect of seed-furrow openers on soybean root growth in compacted Oxisol
March 2017
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of seed-furrow openers and soil compaction on parameters such as sowing quality and root growth of soybean. The experiment was conducted using a randomized blocks experimental design with split plots, with the plots arranged by compaction level (1.16, 1.20, 1.22 and 1.26 Mg m-3) and the subplots by type of furrow opener (double disk and shank type). Root growth was assessed at...
Vegetable breeding as a strategy of biofortification in carotenoids and prevention of vitamin A deficiency
March 2017
Carotenoids are a class of yellow-orange-red pigments distributed in various fruits, spices, herbs and especially in vegetables. These pigments are bioactive components essential to human health. Among the numerous classes of carotenoids, a smaller number is known for having provitamin A activity. This vitamin is essential to the organism in the proper functioning of the vision and the immune system. On the other hand,...
Kappaphycus alvarezii extract used for the seed treatment of soybean culture
March 2017
Marine macroalgae, Kappaphycus alvarezii has economic importance which is considered as the main source of Kappa carrageenan, a hydrocolloid used in various industries as an emulsifying agent and stabilizer. In the production process of this raw material, the fresh seaweed is subjected to grinding and filtering process, yielding a wet solid fraction rich in carrageenan and other liquid fractions. The latter has been...
Appraisal of farmers’ wheat production constraints and breeding priorities in rust prone agro-ecologies of Ethiopia
March 2017
Ethiopia is the second largest producer of wheat in sub-Saharan Africa although yields remain considerably below the global average due to several production constraints. The aim of the study was to identify the primary threats to wheat production, farmers’ selection criteria for wheat varieties, and disease management practices with emphasis on wheat rusts in the Arsi, Bale and West Shewa administrative zones of...
Operational uniformity for a sugarcane planter
March 2017
Sugarcane planters must simultaneously perform furrowing, fertiliser application, seedling metering and furrow covering operations. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the planting operational stages (including furrow opening, size and shape; the uniformity of seedling metering; and furrow closing) as a function of the planting speed and furrow depth. A completely randomised, 2x2 factorial design was...
Growth and yield of baby corn as influenced by nitrogen topdressing
March 2017
Baby corn maize (Zea mays L.) is a highly profitable alternative to farmers due to its short crop duration, being harvested at the juvenile stage. It demands large amounts of nutrients in a short time, especially nitrogen, which is responsible for the rapid development of crop. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of topdressing application of different doses of nitrogen on the vegetative and spikelet...
Correlation and cluster analysis of white seeded sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes oil yield in northern Ethiopia
March 2017
The experiment was carried out to access the inter relationship of genotypes in their oil yield with seed yield, oil content and other yield components and to determine cluster of white seeded sesame genotypes and environments based on their oil yield. Seventeen sesame genotypes were tested at six environments in northern Ethiopia during 2015 main season. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete...
Evaluating the impact of 2010 Rift Valley fever outbreaks on sheep numbers in three provinces of South Africa
March 2017
Whilst livestock production plays an increasingly important role in the economies of most nations, it remains vulnerable to diseases. Between 2008 and 2011 South Africa experienced episodes of Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreaks. Losses of animals especially, sheep were widespread in the Free State, Northern Cape and Eastern Cape provinces. Despite the knowledge that the RVF outbreaks in 2010 affected farmers negatively,...
Seed yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) as affected by bulb size and intra-row spacing
March 2017
Bombay Red’ is one of the most widely used onion cultivars in Ethiopia. Seed production of this cultivar is expanding among farmers. However, various constraints are reported for the low seed productivity of this cultivar, out of which inappropriate uses of bulb size and intra-row spacing are the most important ones. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at Bati Futo watershed, Meskan Wereda, Southern...
User perception towards a motorized thresher (‘Kungula’) in Uganda: A need finding survey
March 2017
Maize which remains the most important food crops in the sub-Saharan Africa is expected to register about a 10% drop in net production globally by 2055. Poor farming techniques, economic diversification in the developing countries due to increased industrialization, could partly explain this trend but addressing food security problem reflected in the world malnourished figures remains a core component of the sustainable...
Soil and water conservation, and soil fertility management effects on rain water productivity of maize hybrid in Burkina Faso
March 2017
In the evaluation of Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) techniques, little attention is paid to the rain water productivity of crops. The aim of this research work, is to assess the combined effects of SWC practices and soil fertility management on rain water productivity of maize hybrid. On-farm experiments were carried out in the districts of Houndé and Péni both located in the Hauts-Bassins region in...
Initial growth of African mahogany plants in response to zinc fertilization
March 2017
African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis A. Juss) has been an important option to supply the increasing demand for noble forest products for the Brazilian furniture industry. In the present study, the objective was to evaluate the initial development of mahogany plants in response to different doses of zinc. The experiment was carried out inside a greenhouse, in the experimental area of the State University of Goiás,...
Harvest moisture content affecting yield and quality of wheat grains in Brazil
March 2017
The wheat quality and yield may be limited or compromised by several factors in the field, being the climatic main factor at the end of the crop cycle. The aim of the study was to determine whether different harvest times affect crop yield and wheat grain quality; four experiments were conducted, differing by cultivars type and sowing time, at Ponta Grossa city, PR, Brazil. The experimental design used for both...
Germination and vigor of Macrotyloma axillare cv Java seeds under different methods for overcoming dormancy
March 2017
The aim of this study was to evaluate the germination and vigor of seeds Macrotyloma axillare cv Java (archer) under different methods to overcome dormancy. The seeds were submitted to the following treatments to overcome dormancy: (a) control, (b) manual scarification with sandpaper, (c) immersion in sulfuric acid 98% for five minutes, (d) immersion in sodium hypochlorite solution 2% for 15 min. The experimental design...
Extract of Persea americana (Mill.) used for the control of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plant
March 2017
The study aimed to evaluate the control of Meloidogyne incognita in resistant and susceptible tomato genotypes treated with hydrogel containing avocado extracts (Persea americana Mill.). The methanolic extract of avocado seeds was evaporated and re-suspended in distilled water containing Tween 80 (0.6%). The extract was prepared with the following concentrations: 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1000 mg L-1. The hatching,...
Cauliflower quality and yield under tropical conditions are influenced by boron fertilization
March 2017
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of boron fertilization on the quality and yield of cauliflower growing under tropical conditions. The study was carried out in randomized block design in split plot design. The main plots four boron doses (0, 2, 4, 6 kg ha-¹) whereas subplots with 3 cauliflower genotypes (Verona CMS, Sarah and Sharon) with three replicates. Among the genotypes, the higher fresh...
Seed quality evaluation by tetrazolium staining during a desiccation study of the recalcitrant seeds of Carapa guianensis Aubl. and Carapa surinamensis Miq. - Meliaceae
March 2017
Crabwood, a popular name of several pantropical timber species, has become increasingly important for its seed oil of pharmaceutical and cosmetic use. Due to the recalcitrant character of the seeds, plantations are limited. The aim of this study was to develop a tetrazolium (TZ) staining protocol and validate viability staining with germination tests. Seed preparation was standardized in order to localize and cut the...
Sequential sampling for evaluation of caterpillars, small and large in soybean
March 2017
Among the main limitations of grain yield in soybean are the insect pests, especially the defoliating caterpillars. It is necessary to reveal and quantify these insects for proper decision-making according to pre-established control levels. So, for the implementation of appropriate management of these soybean insect pests, there is a necessity to establish a sampling plan that will allow an effective, reliable and less...
Assessment of the performance of informal women entrepreneurs in Enugu State, south east Nigeria
March 2017
A simple theoretical model of informal women co-operatives micro credit societies’ participation in providing access to credit to informal women entrepreneurs was used to explain their coping strategies under liquidity constraints. A total of 432 questionnaires were administered to informal women entrepreneurs from September 2013 to January, 2014 for primary data collection in Enugu State, south east Nigeria....
Reaction of Coffea canephora clones to the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
March 2017
In the Western Amazon, Brazil, Coffea canephora Pierre is the main species cultivated because it has good adaptation to the climate and soils of the region. Among the factors that limit the yield of this crop, Meloidogyne or root-knot nematode, caused by the root knot nematode, is an aggressive disease present in the state of Rondonia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reaction of fifteen clones of C. canephora,...
The sowing density on oat productivity indicators
March 2017
The sowing density adjustment in oat can maximize the productivity expression. The aim of this study is to define the behavior of productivity expression of biomass, grains, straw and harvest index through increasing sowing density in the main biotype cultivated in Southern Brazil. It proposes the possibility of indicating higher sowing density to the productivity maximization of biomass and grains. With the density...
Macronutrient content and accumulations in different arrangements of dwarf pigeon pea intercropped with corn
March 2017
Intercropping is a technique which consists of cultivating two or more species in the same area. In these systems, planning and management should be carried out in order to avoid interspecies competition for water, light, and nutrients. This paper aimed to evaluate macronutrient content and accumulations in corn (Zea mays L.) intercropped with dwarf pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) in different plant arrangements. The...
Determinants of Adoption of Improved Technologies in Rice Production in Imo State, Nigeria
March 2017
In Imo State, an increasing number of improved rice production technologies and management techniques have been introduced to rice farmers across the State. Despite the introduction of the rice production technologies, rice production continues to be low. This study therefore analyzed factors associated with adoption of improved rice production technologies in Imo State of Nigeria. Random sampling technique was used in...
Selectivity of pre-and post-emergent herbicides for cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
March 2017
Historically, cowpea farming has been concentrated to the north and northeast of Brazil, and is usually cultivated with low level of technology. However, in recent years, there has been an increase in the area planted with the crop in the central west, using technology, and there is therefore now a need to study, among other factors, the chemical control of weeds. Two experiments were carried out with the aim of making...
Carbon sequestration and assessment of fertility status of soil under different land uses for agronomic potentials in Abakaliki South Eastern Nigeria
March 2017
Abakaliki is predominantly agrarian but continuous cropping is largely practiced due to population pressure. Consequently, there is effort to evolve strategies that would ensure sustainable productivity. This necessitated a research which was carried out to study carbon sequestration and assessment of fertility status of soil for agronomic potentials under different land use systems. Six different land uses each of 20 m...
Ammonium and nitrate levels of soil inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense in maize
March 2017
Azospirillum brasilense is a nitrogen fixing bacteria used in maize crop production due to its high capacity for plant growth promotion and yield increase. The present study aimed to evaluate ammonium and nitrate levels from soil inoculated with A. brasilense in maize crop production. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse conditions, using randomized blocks with split plots for 20 days with four replicates and...
Phytosociological survey of arboreous species in conserved and desertified areas in the semi-arid region of ParaÃba, Brazil
March 2017
The objective of this study is to perform a phytosociological survey of the arboreous composition in conserved and desertified areas of the semiarid region of Paraiba State. Twenty-two conserved areas (CA) with native vegetation (Caatinga) where there has been no clear cut logging since 1984, and Twenty-two desertified areas (DA) having a difficult re-establishment of vegetal coverage over the past 10 years were...
New type of trap for monitoring banana weevil population
March 2017
The objective of this study was to test the efficiency of a new model of trap by comparing it with the most recommended and used traps by producers to monitor Cosmopolites sordidus in areas of production of plantains. Three types of vegetable traps were tested: cheese, modified roof tile and a new trap called wedge. The experiment was carried out in five areas of production, measuring one hectare each, in which 20 traps...
Productive and physiological performance of lettuce cultivars at different planting densities in the Brazilian Semi-arid region
March 2017
In regions of high temperature, production and quality in the lettuce is reduced. This requires finding of cultivars that are more adapted to such conditions and adjust the planting density for each cultivar. Consequently, the aim of this study was to evaluate the productive and physiological performance of lettuce cultivars at different planting densities under semi-arid conditions. The experiment was carried out at...
Correlation and path coefficient analysis of top-cross and three-way cross hybrid maize populations
March 2017
Grain yield is a complex quantitative trait that depends on a number of other traits for selection. This study was carried out to reveal the pattern of association with and contribution of traits to grain yield in two maize populations evaluated in three agro-ecological zones of South-Western Nigeria during the 2014 cropping season. The experiment consisted of 10 top-cross and 10 three-way cross maize hybrids,...
Micronutrients application on cultivation of sugarcane billets
March 2017
The production of sugarcane is constantly growing in Brazil, and by the 2016/2017 season, it is estimated to have reached 691 million tons. However, productivity has not shown significant increase, this is due largely to inadequate nutritional supplementation of sugarcane plantations, especially the micronutrients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of micronutrients application on the billets and quality...
Contributive effect of growth regulator Trinexapac-Ethyl to oats yield in Brazil
March 2017
Studies on efficient use of the plant growth regulator can make this technology possible for leveraging oat yield in Brazil. This study aims to define the optimal dose growth regulator in oat, which allows plant lodging at most 5%. Establishing equations describe the yield indicators behavior and by using the optimal growth regulator dose for lodging, simulate the expression of these indicators regardless of reduced,...
Upland rice growth and yield response to weed management practices under rainfed conditions in Morogoro, Tanzania
March 2017
Field experiments were conducted in two seasons at the farm of Sokoine University of Agriculture in Morogoro, Tanzania (6.85°S; 37.64°E and 568 m.a.s.l.) during the short rain (November 2014 to January 2015) and the long rain (March to June 2015). The experiment was a split plot in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replicates. Weed management practices (herbicides, hoe weeding (3x) and weedy) were...
Assessing rural farmers’ perceptions and vulnerability to climate change in uMzinyathi District of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
March 2017
There is little awareness among rural farming communities on their vulnerability to climate change. This paper examined the vulnerabilities of the rural small scale farming communities in the uMzinyathi District of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa to climate change. A survey among 200 households who were randomly chosen but who had lived in the community for over twenty years was conducted. Focus group discussions and key...
Artificial neural networks in predicting energy density of Bambusa vulgaris in Brazil
March 2017
In this study, the physical and chemical characteristics of Bambusa vulgaris ex J.C. Wendl. var.vulgaris (Bambusa vulgaris) aged 1, 2 and 3 years were evaluated. The objective was to train, validate and evaluate the efficiency of artificial neural networks (ANNs) as predictive tools to estimate bamboo stem energy density grown commercially in northeastern Brazil. For that, samples were collected in a commercial...
Analysis of wheat commercialization in Ethiopia: The case of SARD-SC wheat project innovation platform sites
March 2017
In Ethiopia, wheat is becoming an essential source of income for farmers even though it is still a fundamental food crop. While the major proportion is kept for consumption, farmers sell part of their wheat produce. The main objectives of this paper are to assess the level of commercialization and its determinants of wheat producers in the four major producing regions. Quantitative primary data was collected from...
Coffee pruning: Importance of diversity among genotypes of Coffea arabica
March 2017
The renovation of Arabica coffee crops located in mountain regions should be based on the use of new improved genotypes and increased plant density, which require the establishment of an adequate pruning system. Little is known about the response of improved genotypes to pruning, therefore this study was done to evaluate the vegetative and reproductive recovery after pruning of genotypes of Arabica coffee cultivated in...
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