Improving production of aromatic compounds by indigenous yeasts in Chenin Blanc grape must
July 2016
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of indigenous yeasts on the aroma of fermented Chenin Blanc grape must by determining the volatile compounds, the odor activity value (OAV) and carrying out sensory analyses. The must, fermented by Hanseniaspora opuntiae/Saccharomyces cerevisiae combinations, presented higher concentrations of compounds such as ethyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, 2-methyl-1-propanol and...
Drippers used in vinasse application: Uniformity and obstruction
July 2016
In sugar cane crop fertigation management systems, about 500 m3 ha-1 of diluted vinasse is applied annually by cycle, promoting nutrient recycling and supply to the soil, especially that of potassium (K). With the increase of sugar cane areas with subsurface drip irrigation, hydraulic characterization related to vinasse intermittent application is important, in order to verify uniformity flow in drippers. The aim of...
Growth of Cordia trichotoma seedlings in different sizes of recipients and doses of fertilizer
July 2016
This aim of this work was to evaluate the initial growth of Cordia trichotoma seedlings, submitted to different sizes of recipients and doses of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF). This experiment was performed in a greenhouse, and evaluation was done in factorial scheme using two volumes of recipients (110 and 180 cm3) combined with five doses of CRF (0 (controlled); 2.5; 5.0 and 7.5 g L-1 de substrate). The...
Effects of ethylene on the postharvest quality of inflorescences of Oncidium varicosum ‘Samurai’
July 2016
Oncidium varicosum is an orchid largely distributed in South America, whose inflorescences with bright yellow flowers are of rare beauty. One of the objectives of the postharvest physiology of flowers is the study of the factors related with the quality loss of cut flowers. The ethylene performs a very important function on the senescence of flowers because it induces abscission of flowers buds and open flowers causing...
Impact of harvesting with burning and management of straw on the industrial quality and productivity of sugarcane
July 2016
Change from the traditional harvesting system with burns to mechanized harvesting of sugarcane, as well as the amount of straw needed to remain in the field for sustainability of the production system and how much could be removed for sectors such as energy cogeneration and bioethanol production, are not clarified issues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of harvest management with burning...
Agronomic characteristics of corn in function of the application of K, S and Mo by foliar via with and without plaster in red Latosol
July 2016
The study aimed to verify the response of the application of foliar fertilizers based on potash, sulfur and molybdenum, with and without plaster in the soil, on the agronomic traits of corn crop. The experimental design was a randomized block in a factorial 5 x 2 with four replications. The sources of variation showed no significant effect. These results indicate that the plaster efficiency in the agronomic...
Termiticidal activities of few plant extracts against Macrotermes subhyalinus smeathman and Trinervitermes geminatus wasmann (Isoptera: Termitidae) survival
July 2016
Termites are most pestiferous insects causing damage to crop and buildings. Their control still relies mainly on harmful chemical pesticides to the detriment of eco-friendly pesticides. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three plant extracts on the survival rate of termite species, Macrotermes subhyalinus Smeathman and Trinervitermes geminatus Wasmann, known to cause damage to crops, vegetation and...
Contribution of previous legumes to soil fertility and millet yields in West African Sahel
July 2016
Studies on combined effects of 4 legume crops residues and rock phosphate application on pearl millet yield were undertaken on sandy acid soil field from 2012 to 2015 at ICRISAT Sahelian center (ISC)-Sadore, Niger. The objective of the experiment was to assess the best combination of legume species x rate of crop residue x rock phosphate doses that can sustainably improve pearl millet yield in cereal monoculture system...
Biometric evaluation of monthly growth rate as a criterion to study the genetic diversity in Coffea canephora
July 2016
The variability of growth patterns and capacity to resist to environmental stresses that exists in populations of Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner makes it possible to select genotypes for different types of cultivation conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the monthly growth rate as a criterion to measure the genetic diversity of genotypes and to estimate the direct and indirect effects of the...
Camu-Camu super fruit (Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K) Mc Vaugh) at different maturity stages
July 2016
Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) H.B.K.) Mc Vaugh) is a shrub native to the Amazon region and its fruits are promising sources of various bioactive compounds such as vitamin C, phenolic compounds and carotenoids. Camu-camu fruit is considered the greatest natural source of vitamin C worldwide and also good source of dietary fiber, potassium, iron, calcium, and various kinds of amino acids such as serine, valine and leucine....
Hydrology and water quality of a underground dam in a semiarid watershed
July 2016
In the Brazilian semiarid regions, underground dams can efficiently store water under possible scenarios of climate change. However, the annual humidity vector in these regions is vertical, and annual evapotranspiration exceeds annual rainfall, resulting in the accumulation of salts in groundwater reservoirs. This study investigated over the course of two agricultural years the hydrologic behavior, soil moisture and the...
Lignin content in seed coats of Glyphosate-resistant soybean and their respective parents
July 2016
The large-scale cultivation of Roundup Ready (RR) has recently increased among Brazilian farmers. However, few studies have compared the intrinsic characteristics of the seeds of RR soybean cultivars and their respective conventional parental. Thus, the purpose of this study is to verify if the genetic modification of the RR soybean affects the lignin content and its monomeric composition in the seed coats, in...
Agronomic performance of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) according to foliar application of potassium silicate in two sowing times
July 2016
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation is of relevant economic importance for Brazil, since this legume is one of the main Brazilian staple foods. The objective of this study was to evaluate, in two sowing times, the agronomic performance of two bean cultivars according to foliar application of different doses of potassium silicate. Experiments were conducted under field conditions, in the rural area of the...
Emergence and early growth of baru seedlings on different substrates
July 2016
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of substrates in the emergence and early development of Baru seedlings. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with five treatments (substrates) and four replications. The substrates were: S1) Oxisol; S2) Oxisol + washed sand (1: 1 v: v); S3) washed sand; S4) Oxisol + washed sand + manure (1: 1: 1 v: v: v); S5) Oxisol + sand washed +...
Irrigation depths in sugarcane crop with drip irrigation system
July 2016
This study aims to evaluate the growth and development of sugarcane under different supplemental irrigation depths. Irrigation treatments were 0.30, 0.60, 0.90 and 1.2 rate of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and the control (no irrigation). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with six replications. The highest yield was ratoon cane with 190 t ha-1 in the treatment 0.6 of ETc. The difference between the...
Interaction of genotype, environment and processing in the chemical composition expression and sensorial quality of Arabica coffee
July 2016
The present study was carried out to analyze chemical descriptors present in the raw coffee bean and to establish an association of these descriptors with the sensorial quality of the coffee beverage, based on expressions resulting from the interactions of coffee genotype, environment, and processing. The chemical descriptors caffeine, trigonelline, sucrose, and isomers of chlorogenic acid (3-CQA, 4-CQA, and...
Harvest time, stem and grain sensibility of maize hybrids with contrasting growth cycles
July 2016
The delay of maize harvest may affect the stem and grain sanity. This work was carried out aiming to evaluate the effects of harvest time on the incidence of stem rots and rotten grains of maize hybrids with contrasting growth cycles. The experiment was set in Lages, SC, during the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 growing seasons. A randomized block design, disposed in split plots was used. Five single-cross hybrids were tested...
A case study on compensatory growth of emaciated cattle fed on total mixed ration
July 2016
A study was conducted in Thailand with the aim of evaluating compensatory growth of emaciated cattle fed on ad libitum total mixed rations (TMR) under smallholder feedlot management. Two farms were identified where 121 cattle of various degrees of emaciation were bought for fattening trial. Cattle were grouped according to the degree of emaciation within respective pens and were fed on same type of feed throughout the...
Impact of climate change on the incidences of small ruminant diseases in a pastoral area of Kenya
July 2016
Participatory epidemiological methods were used to establish local perceptions and livestock owner’s knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) of risk factors that impacts of climate variability and the seasonal variations in incidences of livestock diseases, disease vectors, intermediate hosts and rainfall in pastoral Rift valley of Kenya. The interaction of the molecular biology of the pathogen itself; vectors...
Chemical attributes of the soil in agroforestry systems subjected to organic fertilizations
July 2016
The reuse of organic byproducts in agroforestry systems is a sustainable proposal, since, in addition to preserving the natural resources, it has allowed the fertilization of the soils, obtaining a reduction of costs with mineral fertilizers. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the chemical attributes of the soil after two years of successive fertilizations using cattle manure and sewage sludge in...
The effects of crop rotation systems on maize agronomic traits under no-tillage in optimal and dry cropping seasons
July 2016
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the crop rotations effects on agronomic traits of maize cultivated in spring-summer in optimal (OCS) and dry cropping seasons (DCS). The experimental design was set up in a randomized complete block and the treatments were arranged in a factorial (8 x 2), consisting of 8 crop rotation systems and two cropping seasons (OCS and DCS), with four replications. The following...
An alternative to complete banana mat uprooting: Assessing the effectiveness of continuous cutting at soil level of all shoots in a mat on speed for corm decay
July 2016
The complete uprooting of diseased mats/fields (CMU) is one of the recommended control options for Xanthomonas wilt of banana. CMU is labour intensive, time consuming and disturbs the soil structure, exposing fields to erosion. CMU often involves exportation of whole plant biomass, affecting soil fertility. The potential of continuous cutting at soil level of all shoots in a mat until complete corm decay in situ as an...
Evaluation of the nutritional value of soaked-boiled-fermented Java plum (Syzygium cumini) seed meal for poultry
June 2016
Chemical analysis, apparent metabolizable energy (MEn), and one feeding trial were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of Java plum seeds (JPS) that had been subjected to a combination of soaking, boiling, and fermentation (SBF). Five broiler starter diets were formulated with the processed Java plum seed meal (JPSM) comprising 0, 80, 160, 240, and 320 g/kg of the diet. The JPS before and after processing...
Current status of fodder production, conservation and marketing in the arid and semi-arid lands of Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya
June 2016
The purpose of the survey was to document the current status of fodder production, conservation and marketing in the arid and semi-arid land (ASAL) Divisions of Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. The survey covered specifically Nkondi, Igambang’ombe and Tharaka Central divisions. A sample of 74 livestock farmers selected through stratified random sampling was engaged in the study. The study adopted a descriptive...
Path analysis for yield traits in F2 generation and molecular approaches for breeding rice tolerant to drought and submergence
June 2016
Drought and submergence are the two major limiting factors that reduce rice production. In this study, the relevance of yield traits through path analysis under drought and submergence conditions to improve grain yield of rice, from dry season 2014-2015 and genotypic analysis using SSR markers was evaluated, during 2015-2016. Path analysis indicated that the number of panicles/clusters had the highest and a direct...
Phenotypic profiles of different accessions of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) in the coastal savanna agro-ecological zone of Ghana
June 2016
Twenty accessions of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) cultivated under rain-fed conditions were evaluated based on their agromorphological traits to assess diversity in yield, morphology and other key agronomic characteristics of the accessions under study. The accessions consisted of 13 local and 7 exotic breeding lines grown in the research farm of the Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute...
Seedling of development and tolerance of eggplant cultivars under saline stress
June 2016
This study aimed to evaluate the initial growth and tolerance of eggplant cultivars under saline water irrigation. The experiment was carried out in protected environment (greenhouse) at the Federal University of Campina Grande - UFCG, located in the municipality of Pombal-PB, Brazil. The experiment was set in a completely randomized design, in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme, corresponding to two eggplant cultivars (C1...
Growth, chlorophyll index and production of common and cowpea beans using different fertilizations
June 2016
Beans are a the major component in the Brazilian diet population, mainly in the northeast of Brazil, though yield is considered low due to the low technological content that is conducted in most producing regions, making it necessary for fertilizations to increase this feature. Considering the above, this study aimed to evaluate growth, chlorophyll index and the production of cowpea bean and common bean under different...
New substrates for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus using exhausted compost
June 2016
Several materials have been used in the cultivation of the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. However, little is known about the reuse of the exhausted compost. This study evaluated the utilization of used substrates. Four formulations of composts were evaluated: C1 with no exhausted compost, and C2, C3 and C4 with 26, 45 and 64% of exhausted compost, respectively. Loss of organic matter, biological efficiency and...
Gas exchange, growth and yield of cowpea genotypes under different irrigation strategies
June 2016
Water availability is a major limiting factor for cowpea bean crops, especially in semiarid regions, where it is necessary to adopt more productive and tolerant genotypes and efficient strategies for water use. Thus, an experiment was carried under field conditions in the semiarid region of Pombal city, PB, Brazil. Using a completely randomised blocks design experiment and four replications, in a factorial scheme. The...
Potential use of herbicides in different sorghum hybrids
June 2016
The sorghum crop in Brazil has expanded substantially. Among the factors that interfere in sorghum yield is the interference imposed by the presence of weeds. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of different herbicide treatments applied in pre-emergence or post-emergence of sorghum in terms of selectivity and weed control. Two experiments were conducted, one for each application modality:...
Screening melon genotypes for resistance to Meloidogyne enterolobii
June 2016
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a cucurbitaceous of great appreciation worldwide. The intensive cultivation of melons has favored the increase of plant health problems in several producing regions. Among these problems, the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) stands out. The development of genetically resistant cultivars is consolidated as an effective strategy for the management of these pathogens, it is then essential to...
Development and parasitism of Encarsia hispida (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on Bemisia tabaci biotype B in cotton
June 2016
The biological control of pests is essential for the use of Integrated Pest Management in agricultural environments. In this context, the objective of this study was to identify biological parameters and quantify the parasitism index of Encarsia hispida on Bemisia tabaci biotype B nymphs in cotton plants. The research was conducted at the Entomology Laboratory of the Federal University of Paraíba, in Areia,...
Evaluation of a lateral flow device for in-field detection of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt and its application in tracking the systemicity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum
June 2016
Early detection of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW) in the field and immediate destruction of infected plants or plant tissue are key control methods to prevent the introduction and spread of BXW. This requires rapid, cost-effective and an on- site diagnostic tool to detect the bacterium, Xanthomonas campestris pv musacearum (Xcm). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection technique for BXW is efficient but requires...
Behavior of the pollen tube of Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L. P. Queiroz after compatible and incompatible crosses
June 2016
Aiming to analyze the pollen tube growth behavior in compatible and incompatible crosses in Poincianella pyramidalis, on-field crosses were performed using flowers of 30 randomly selected individuals, which were self- and cross-pollinated. In the cross-pollination, the pollen germinated and the pollen tube grew in the transmitting tissue of the pistil, followed by a succession of callose rings through the growth of the...
The mechanism of seedlessness in watermelon generated using soft-X-ray irradiated pollen
June 2016
A new variety of seedless watermelon, with high sugar content, good taste, and easy storage has been developed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fluorescence staining, paraffin and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. The study investigated the mechanism behind the production of seedless watermelon after soft X-ray irradiation. The results showed that soft X-ray irradiation did not damage the...
Agricultural impact on environment and counter measures in Rwanda
June 2016
Rapid intensive agriculture often generates serious environmental concerns including soil erosion, water pollution and greenhouses gases. This paper assesses the impact of agriculture and its practices on environment in Rwanda from 1990 to 2012. Data provided by the World Bank were analyzed with Origin Pro 9 for statistical analysis. Also, a review on physical-chemical parameters and heavy metals of water resources home...
Chemical properties and fermentation behavior of the composts prepared by three composting methods in Malawi
June 2016
Soil fertility improvement is one of the urgent issues in Malawi. Since composting by locally available materials is needed for this purpose, the composts were prepared from maize stalk and cattle dung by using three common methods in Malawi. The composts had high alkalinity and relatively high NO3- and K contents. N% of composts was determined from the composition of maize stalk and cattle dung, and is expressed by the...
Impact of natural toxin spinetoram 12 SC w/v (11.7 w/w) against Trichogramma chilonis Ishii and Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben - Petersen) under laboratory conditions
June 2016
Insecticides are unavoidable in pest management programs especially when the pest crosses Economic Threshold Level (ETL). Nevertheless, often the plant protection products kill the natural enemy population making the pest to resurge and thus demanding more sprays. Therefore, insecticides used in integrated pest management (IPM) programs should be selective enough to spare the beneficial. Laboratory experiments were...
Cassava mosaic disease resistant clones’ growth and yield are prone to early drought stress
June 2016
This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield stability of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) resistant breeding populations clones against early drought. Field trials were planted using 200 CMD resistant clones and 7 local landraces in a randomised complete block design with 3 replicates at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) station, Sendusu in Namulonge (Central Uganda) during the second...
Effects of pre-elite seed size and planting density on development and propagation efficiency of two virus-free potato cultivars in Sichuan Province, China
June 2016
The aim of the experiment is to develop a high-output and low-cost method for propagating elite potato seed in the field from pre-elite seeds. Field experiments were conducted in spring and autumn season of southwestern China (Yucheng in 2010 and Hanyuan in 2011). Randomized-block design was used with 3 seed-size rates, 4 planting densities and 2 cultivars of pre-elite seed from virus-free potato. During potato-growing...
Effect of compost-biochar mixes and irrigation on the growth and yield of Amaranthus (Amaranthus hybridus) under two growing temperatures
June 2016
An experiment was carried out to study the sensitivity of amaranthus to different sources of soil nutrients and different amounts of irrigation water at different temperatures. Nitrogen (N) rich materials (compost/poultry manure) and carbon (C) rich material (biochar) used included poultry manure + rice husk biochar (PM+RB), poultry manure + sawdust biochar (PM+SB), rice husk compost + rice husk biochar (RC+RB), sawdust...
The role of Crambe abyssinica in the control of Heterodera glycines (Thylenchida: Heteroidae)
June 2016
The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is present in more than 150 municipalities in Brazil, and the long persistence of the cysts in the soil combined with the severe degree of parasitism induces high soybean production losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biofumigant effect of Crambe abyssinica on the SCN population in the second soybean crop season. The experiment was conducted on a...
The decrease of potential suitable areas and the distribution tendency of staple crops in Ethiopia under future climate conditions
June 2016
Rain-fed agriculture is the most common pattern for Ethiopian smallholders, while it is sensitive to climate change in the future. In order to predict the impact of climate change and decrease the risk of food crisis in Ethiopia, the potential crops suitability of teff (Eragrostis tef), maize (Zea mays), wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.) were simulated and suitable distribution were analyzed by using GIS-MCE...
Toxicity and repellency of plant extracts on Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Carpintero & Dellapé) (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae)
June 2016
The eucalyptus bronze bug, Thaumastocoris peregrinus, is an exotic pest of eucalyptus crops that has spread worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of aqueous plant extracts at 5% of Matricaria chamomilla, Echinodorus grandiflorus, Punica granatum, Maytenus ilicifolia and Origanum majorana on T. peregrinus. For this, choice and no-choice tests were performed. Eucalyptus leaf disks were...
Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen fertilization affecting wheat productivity
June 2016
In order to optimize the use of nitrogen (N), the aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of foliar application of Azospirillum brasilense Ab-V5 strain, as regards the productivity of wheat plantations combined with different N doses. The experiments were carried out in four municipalities in Minas Gerais (Brazil) under randomized block design with four replications. Forty percent of the N dose was applied at...
Effect of chitosan-based coating on postharvest quality of tangerines (Citrus deliciosa Tenore): Identification of physical, chemical, and kinetic parameters during storage
June 2016
In this study, chitosan-based coating was used in tangerines in a 30-day storage period, at controlled temperature of 10°C. The selected fruits presented green surface (± 90%); they were sanitized in chlorinated water (100 mg/L) then immersed in chitosan solutions at chitosan concentrations of 0.5 g/100 ml (T2), 1 g/100 ml (T3), and 2 g/100 ml (T4) and a lot was placed aside as control treatment (T1)....
Village poultry production system: Perception of farmers and simulation of impacts of interventions
June 2016
This study identified perception of poultry farmers’ on impact of interventions in village poultry production and quantified the impacts of interventions on flock and economic performance using modelling. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on perceptions of poultry keeping and performances from 240 randomly selected households in two districts of Ethiopia. Crop was the major source of income, and...
Occurrence and estimated losses caused by cassava viruses in Migori County, Kenya
June 2016
A farm survey was conducted in Kuria East and Suna West sub-counties to determine the incidence, severity and estimated losses of cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) and cassava mosaic disease (CMD) on cassava crops in farmers’ fields. The results showed that cassava is the second most important staple crop after maize in Migori County. CMD incidence ranged from 0.0 to 56.7%) in Kuria East and 10.0 to 55.0% in...
Nutritional technological characterization and secondary metabolites in stored carioca bean cultivars
June 2016
The recommendation of bean cultivars and the use of appropriate storage techniques allow the quality characteristics of these grains to be preserved for human consumption. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of storage on three cultivars of the common carioca bean in raw form and to determine the relationships between storage time and technological quality parameters involved in the darkening and...
Page 38 of 136, showing 50 records out of 6785 total, starting on record 1851, ending on 1900
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