February 2020
Isolation of ursolic acid from the leaves of Ocimum lamiifolium collected from Addis Ababa Area, Ethiopia
Ocimum lamiifolium is a well known medicinal plant in Ethiopia. Fresh leaves of the plant are squeezed and sniffed to treat colds and coughs and as an eye rinse for eye infections, while crushed leaves are used to arrest nose bleeding. In this study phytochemical investigation on the methanol extracts of this plant collected from Addis Ketema subcity, Addis Ababa. A triterpene, namely ursolic acid, was isolated using...
February 2020
Morpho-molecular screening of wheat genotypes for heat tolerance
Wheat (Triticum aesum L.) production in Bangladesh is often impaired by heat stress. Therefore, it has been a priority to develop heat tolerant wheat variety for Bangladesh. An investigation was carried out to evaluate locally cultivated wheat genotypes for heat tolerance based on morpho-physiological and molecular markers. A pot experiment was carried out with ten locally cultivated wheat genotypes. Heat treatment was...
February 2020
Genetic diversity among Ethiopian sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] gene bank accessions as revealed by SSR markers
The presence of genetic variation in plant populations is useful for conservation and use in breeding programs. This study was conducted to estimate the extent and patterns of genetic diversity among 200 sorghum accessions collected from different parts of Ethiopia and preserved in a gene bank. Using 39 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, which were previously mapped, 261 alleles were produced with...
February 2020
Introduction of the exotic breeds and cross breeding of local chicken in Ethiopia and solution to genetic erosion: A review
This study reviews the introduction of the exotic breeds and cross breeding of local chicken in Ethiopia, solution to genetic erosion and needs for conservation with aim of delivering in the short form and clear information for beneficiaries and to whom it may concern. Poultry production and its product consumption are progressively increasing globally. In Ethiopia, chicken production plays a great role as a primary...
February 2020
Effect of methanolic extract of Dennettia tripetala (pepper fruit) on biomarkers of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in type 2 diabetic male wistar rats
Oxidative stress resulting from chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes is due to high production of reactive oxygen species and/or a decrease in the antioxidant defense system activity. The study was designed to investigate the ameliorative effect of methanolic extract of Dennettia tripetala (DT) on oxidative stress and blood glucose level in type II diabetic male Wistar rats. Type II diabetes was induced by a single...
February 2020
Effectiveness of solid carriers on multiplication of bradyrhizobium mutant strain and nodulation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L)
Effective nodulation of legume is usually solid carriers dependent. Peat, the most effective solid carrier is not readily available in Nigeria, hence, alternative solid carriers were evaluated with Bradyrhizobium strains using cowpea as a test crop. Mutant strains (USDA 3384 and USDA 3451) were evaluated in the laboratory using solid carriers and pot experiments. The survival (multiplication), infectivity and nodulating...
February 2020
Chemical and physico-chemical characterization of seeds of melon cultivars: Valenciano and Pele de Sapo, cultivated in the Amazon
The aim of this work was to perform chemical and physical-chemical analyzes of the oil of the cultivars Valenciano Amarelo melon (VA) and Pele de Sapo melon (PS) (Cucumis melo L.) produced in Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil, by GC -FID, IR, 1H NMR and the thermogravimetric behavior TG/DTG as well as yield of that obtained oil. Thus, the oil yield of Valenciano melon seeds was 28.47% and that of Pele de Sapo melon was 26.41%....
January 2020
Involvement of class 1 and class 2 integrons in dissemination of tet and catA1 resistance genes of Salmonella enterica from children with diarrhea in rural Burkina Faso
With high annual mortality rates among young children, antimicrobial resistant salmonellosis is considered a major public health concern worldwide. Antimicrobial resistant salmonellosis is a worldwide health issue, particularly in low income countries with high microbially-derived food contaminations. As a result, it is important to better understand the biological factors that may control these bacteria’s...
January 2020
Impact of transgenic conversion on the characteristics of Burkina Faso cotton
Genetically modified cotton (GMC) was compared with two conventional cultivars, using data from trials and commercial farms. Objectives were to highlight disparate agronomic and technological performance parameters and identify perspectives to Burkina Faso comeback to GMC. Results showed that compared materials are similar for most agronomic characteristics, except fiber percent. As this important parameter is...
January 2020
Effect of two agro-pedo-climatic zones, drying methods and pelleting processes on chemical composition of Manihot esculenta (sp.), Leucaena leucocephala and Cajanus cajan
In tropical and subtropical countries, livestock productivity may be affected by the availability of food resources and the high prevalence of gastrointestinal pathogenic nematodes. The classical method of control using anthelmintic drugs is becoming decreasingly efficient because of a generalised resistance of the gastrointestinal nematodes suppress (GIN) to most of the drugs. In small farms, protein-rich biomasses...
January 2020
Bacterial and vermi-remediation of soil contaminated with chlorpyrifos insecticide
This study aimed at investigating the effect of consortia of three types of indigenous bacteria (Corynebacterium sp., Sphingobacterium gobiense and Kocuria flava) and earthworm (at 5 and 10 earthworms/kg soil) and their combination on the percentage removal of chlorpyrifos from chlorpyrifos contaminated soil in Sudan. Silt soil (Gerf soil) samples were mixed with known concentration of chlorpyrifos (450 mgkg-1) and...
January 2020
Studies on some major yield responsive genes in selected rice (Oryza species) cultivars grown in Nigeria using candidate gene SSR-based markers approach
This study was aimed at determining the presence of five major yield responsive genes shown to be among key determinants of rice yield in ten rice cultivars grown in Nigeria using candidate gene SSRs markers (Cg-SSRs). DNAs were extracted from young leaf samples using optimized cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-extraction method. An established gene sequences for high yielding rice Nipponbare cultivar for the five...
January 2020
Amino acyl tRNA synthetase inhibitors is therapeutics for gliomas at sub nanomolar concentrations
Glioblastoma is the most malignant and fatal of all primary brain tumors. Each year in the United States, about 22,000 cases of glioma are diagnosed and about 70% of these patients die. The current treatment modality options available for glioma patients are limited to temozolomide, radiation, and surgery. The poor outcome with these treatment options has necessitated the search for a better chemotherapeutic strategy to...
January 2020
Lack of association of toll-like receptor 2 rs3804100 polymorphism with paediatric tuberculosis in South Africa
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR 2) genetic polymorphisms are important factors that are involved in the development of clinical tuberculosis. In this study, a single nucleotide polymorphism of the immune response protein molecule, toll-like receptor 2 designated as rs3804100 involving T/C polymorphism was carried out by genotypic analysis of DNA obtained from blood samples of the paediatric population in South Africa...
January 2020
Antiproliferative effect of Amburana cearensis seed extracts on human cancer cell lines
Amburana cearensis A. C. Smith (Fabaceae) is a plant of Brazil, popularly known as umburana or cumaru, and is widely used in folk medicine. The population uses its bark and seeds against many pathologies including cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the antiproliferative effect of A. cearensis extracts on human tumor cell lines of HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma and HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as on...
December 2019
Effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Vinca major L. on biochemical parameters and glucose level of alloxan induced diabetic rats
In view of World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation on the use of medicinal plants for the management of diabetes mellitus, this study evaluated the effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Vinca major L. on biochemical parameters and glucose level of alloxan induced diabetic rats as objective. Sixty-four male Wistar albino rats were induced with diabetes by a single intraperitoneal injection and were separated into...
December 2019
Development of a rice yellow mottle virus amplicon biotechnological tool for the production of high value proteins in rice
Lately, advances on biotechnology have led to the emergence of plants as bioreactor for the production of molecules of industrial, pharmaceutical and agribusiness interests. One of the major advances was the exploitation of plant viruses as “amplifier” for the protein production. This amplicon technology relies on viral vector engineered to contain a gene encoding candidate protein that is produced in...
December 2019
An alternative caprine infection model for Mycoplasma mycoides
Ruminant infection models for Mycoplasma mycoides are invasive and laborious factors that may interfere with the experiment outcomes. This brief review presents an alternative method that may minimize on the mentioned challenges earlier mentioned. M. mycoides subsp. capri GM12 and M. mycoides subsp. capri YCP1.1 ∆68 strains were used; the former, causing a septicemia in goats. An intra-tracheal inoculation technique was...
December 2019
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Nigeria
This present study was undertaken for detection of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLS) enzyme genes among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using phenotypic and molecular techniques. Thirty-four P. aeruginosa isolates from different hospitals in Nsukka and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu were screened for the presence of ESBL-encoding genes. Phenotypic screening for ESBL producers...
December 2019
Evaluation of Lactobacillus spp. isolated from locally consumed probiotic food in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria for antimicrobial activity utilizing agar well diffusion and pH tolerance tests
Antimicrobial activity against entero-pathogens and tolerance to acid stress are crucial characters of probiotic bacteria. Lactobacillus spp. isolates were phenotypically characterized using colony observation, catalase test and Gram stain reaction. The pH (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5) tolerance of each isolate was evaluated at 0 and 4 h. The antibacterial activities of the isolates were tested against pathogenic strains of...
December 2019
First report of bovine papillomavirus genotypes in cutaneous lesions by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing in Panama
Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) causes benign tumours in the mucosal and cutaneous epithelium and is characterized by the presence of warts. The present study includes the molecular identification of BPV strains in samples of warts using degenerate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers FAP59/64. Skin biopsies were taken from crossbred cattle from two experimental farms of Instituto de Investigación Agropecuaria de...
December 2019
Survey of the incidence and distribution of groundnut rosette disease in major groundnut-producing regions of Western Kenya
Groundnut rosette disease (GRD) is the most important viral disease of groundnuts in sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya, GRD infection especially before flowering results in 100% loss in pod yield. Surveys were conducted in 2016 and 2017 to determine the incidence and distribution of GRD in five major groundnut growing Counties of western Kenya. A structured questionnaire was used to assess GRD incidence and severity and...
December 2019
In vitro regeneration of coconut (Cocos nucifera L) through indirect somatic embryogenesis in Kenya
Regeneration of the coconut (Cocos nucifera L) through indirect somatic embryogenesis using 9 to 12 months embryos explants was established in Y3 medium supplemented with 100 to 250 µM 2,4 -dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) alone and in combination with gibberellic acid (GA3), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and thiadiazuron (TDZ). The highest callus induction (100%) was observed in medium containing 150 and 250...
November 2019
Expression profiling, phylogenetic, and structural analyses of a laccase gene from the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
Laccases, member of multicopper oxidase (MCO) family enzymes, play crucial roles in insects’ cuticle tanning and pigmentation. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize a laccase gene from the red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. The isolated RPW laccase gene sequence was 3,389 bp, including a 2,163 bp open reading frame that encodes 720 amino acids. The RPW laccase gene conserved the...
November 2019
In vitro regeneration protocol through direct organogenesis for Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) accessions in Ethiopia
Jatropha curcas L. is among important tree crops in the world with a potential for biofuel production. In Ethiopia, there is a soaring investors’ interest to produce Jatropha in the country for biodiesel production. However, insufficient good quality propagation material is a major production constraint. A study was undertaken to establish a protocol for in vitro mass propagation of three Ethiopian Jatropha...
November 2019
Effects of genotype and plant growth regulators on callus induction in leaf cultures of Coffea arabica L. F1 hybrid
Coffea arabica, F1 hybrid variety, Ruiru 11 is a highly sought after crop in Kenya due to its alleviated resistance to Coffee Berry Disease and Coffee Leaf Rust coupled with high yield capacity and good cup quality. Access to the variety’s planting materials is limited due to challenges with difficulty in propagation using conventional methods of seed and vegetative propagation; and somatic embryogenesis is...
November 2019
Relationship between 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and aroma in Uganda rice populations with Oryza (barthi, glaberrima and sativa) backgrounds
The sweet popcorn aroma conferred by 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) is a highly economic trait of rice grain attracting premium price worldwide. This research study was conducted to determine the levels of 2AP in Ugandan rice lines with the aim of establishing a better understanding on the level and classes of 2AP and aroma phenotype. Concentration of 2AP was assayed using two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight...
November 2019
Evaluation of aflatoxins levels and molecular identification of toxigenic molds in cereals and cereal-derived breakfast foods in Nigeria
In the last decade, there have been an increase in safety concerns on the aflatoxins contents of cereals and cereal-derived food products in Nigeria. In the current study, evaluation of aflatoxins levels and molecular identification of toxigenic molds recovered from cereals and cereal-derived foods products in Nigeria were studied. Enzyme Link Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)...
November 2019
Whole-genome optical mapping: Improving assembly of Macrophomina phaseolina MS6 through spanning of twelve blunt end chromosomes by obviating all errors and misassembles
Deciphering genetic information through next-generation sequencing (NGS) is considered as the basic platform to unveil in details of an organism. However, as it produces short reads that lead to difficulties in assembly, we generated long scaffold-based optical mapping (OM) data of previously sequenced devastating fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina MS6. In the process, KpnI identified as the most effective restriction...
November 2019
Callus induction in three mosaic disease resistant cassava cultivars in Benin and genetic stability of the induced calli using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers
The effect of different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ), benzyl amino purine (BAP), kinetin and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) on callus induction in three elite cassava cultivars (agric-rouge, atinwewe and agblehoundo) was evaluated. Leaf explants harvested from greenhouse-grown cassava were sterilised using different concentrations of commercial bleach commonly called Jik (3.85% NaOCl) at different time...
October 2019
Scientific applications and prospects of nanomaterials: A multidisciplinary review
Nanotechnology is the science of objects <100 nm in size. Research into the development and application of nanomaterials takes a material science and engineering-based approach to nanotechnology. Nanomaterials often possess interesting optical, electronic and mechanical properties. The capacity to construct large, intricate structures with nanometer precision is rapidly increasing and consists several top-down...
October 2019
Selection of Lactobacillus strains newly isolated from Algerian camel and mare fermented milk for their in vitro probiotic and lipolytic potentials
The main objective of this study was the characterization of new lactobacilli probiotic strains belonging to lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Eighty-eight strains were isolated from different Algerian camel and mare fermented milks; three of them were pre-selected for their stability, fast growth and resistance to acidity and bile salts. Cell viability was assessed in simulated gastric and intestinal conditions. On the other...
October 2019
Optimizing DNA isolation protocol for rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis L) accessions
Rosemary plant is in high demand due to its application in traditional health care, food flavoring, fragrance and pharmaceutical industries. It contains high level of secondary metabolites which are responsible for its beneficial activities. Application of molecular techniques would facilitate the production of these substances and screening of accessions. The isolation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifiable...
October 2019
Nutritional enhancement of cocoa pod husk meal through fermentation using Rhizopus stolonifer
This study evaluated the effect of fermentation period on the proximate composition, anti-nutritional content, fibre fractions and amino acid profile of cocoa pod husk meal (CPHM). Cocoa pod husk was taken through a solid state fermentation process involving Rhizopus stolonifer as its starter culture for a period of two weeks. The fermented CPHM was dried and analyzed for its proximate composition, anti-nutritional...
October 2019
Variable DNA methylation in Ensete (Ensete ventricosum) clones associated with developmental stage revealed by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs) with Methylation-Sensitive enzyme
Ensete (Ensete ventricosum) is an important perennial species in Ethiopia. It is used for food and fiber. The mode of propagation is asexual and sexual. Asexual form of reproduction is by natural and anthropogenic induced sucker. This research aims to investigate and measure the methylation diversity of natural and anthropogenic induced sucker forming Ensete. Twenty-seven individuals from Hawassa University research...
October 2019
Development and validation of an analytical method for quantification of total flavonoids in Alternanthera brasiliana by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrophotometry
Alternanthera brasiliana is popularly known in Brazil as "penicillin" or "benzetacil" and is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of infections and for the healing of wounds. It is also used as an ornamental plant due to the characteristic purple coloration of its leaves when cultivated in shade. The objective of this study was to develop and validate an analytical methodology by...
October 2019
Characterization of three full Iris yellow spot virus genes of a garlic-infecting isolate from Zimbabwe using next-generation sequencing technology
Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) is an important pathogen of Allium species worldwide. It has a tripartite genome consisting of the large (L), medium (M) and small (S) RNA segments. Despite its worldwide distribution, very few complete gene and genome sequences are available in public databases. The aim of this study was to obtain full gene sequences of a garlic-infecting IYSV isolate by next-generation sequencing (NGS)...
October 2019
Economic viability of the biogas produced on pig farms in Brazil for electric power generation
Electric energy generated by clean and renewable sources, such as biogas, is a subject widely discussed and of global importance. Biogas, besides being an alternative to other fuels uses a raw material, which in many cases is considered disposable, worthless and harmful to the environment when not correctly disposed of. Several factors influence the design, operation and collection of the final product. This paper is a...
October 2019
Comparison of embryo developmental rates in Nguni, Bonsmara and Boran beef cattle breeds following in vitro fertilization and artificial insemination
The aim of this study was to compare the embryonic developmental rates in the Southern African cattle breeds. To do this, cryopreserved semen straws from Nguni, Bonsmara, and Boran bulls were thawed at 38°C and evaluated for sperm motility characteristics using Sperm Class Analyser (SCA). The fertilizing ability of frozen/thawed sperm was evaluated by performing artificial insemination (AI) and in vitro...
October 2019
Genetic diversity assessment of yams (Dioscorea spp.) from Ethiopia using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers
The genetic diversity and relationships of 70 accessions of yam belonging to Dioscorea cayenensis/Dioscorea rotundata complex (55), Dioscorea bulbifera (13) and Dioscorea alata (2, as a reference) were assessed using six inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers. DNA was extracted from a bulk of two plants per accession using a modified cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method. Six ISSR primers amplified 77...
September 2019
Molecular identification of acetic acid bacteria isolated from fermented mango juices of Burkina Faso: 16S rRNA gene sequencing
Acetic acid bacteria are known for their ability to oxidize ethanol to acetic acid. This study investigated to identify dominant strain acetic acid bacteria involving in fermented juice of mango and capable to produce Vinegar, total of 4 bacteria (CRSBAN-BVA1, CRSBAN-BVK1, CRSBAN-BVK2, CRSBAN-BVI1) bacteria strains were preselected ¶for the analyses. The strains were examined with biochemical, physiological and...
September 2019
Phylogenetic analysis of bluetongue virus serotype16 based on genome segment 5 (encoding NS1)
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the ‘type’ species of the genus Orbivirus within the family Reoviridae. The BTV genome is composed of ten linear segments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), each of which codes for at least one of ten distinct viral proteins. Phylogenetic analysis based on VP2, VP3, VP5, VP7 and NS3 gene has been advocated by different researchers around the world. However, very little information...
September 2019
Cytogenetic and molecular assessment of some nanoparticles using Allium sativum assay
One of the primary objectives in agriculture is providing high-quality crops to consumers. Multiple techniques and methods are utilized to achieve this objective, including nanotechnology that depends on the use of very small materials, which will help in decreasing the amounts usually used with similar effects. Nanomaterials are used as fertilizers and also as component of nano-pesticides for plants. Despite their...
September 2019
Biotechnological tools for detection, identification and management of plant diseases
Detection and identification of plant pathogens is one of the most important strategies for sustainable plant diseases management. For this reason, the availability of fast, sensitive and accurate methods for detection and identification of plant pathogens is increasingly necessary to improve disease control decision making process. In other words, new technologies and improved methods with reduced/fair cost and...
September 2019
Biopreservation of meat using the essential oil from Hyptis suaveolens Poit. (Lamiaceae) in Burkina Faso
Essential oils are natural substances which can be used as natural conservators for foods. The present work aimed to evaluate biological properties of essential oil of Hyptis suaveolens and its effect on shelf-life of beef. The extraction was carried out by hydro-distillation. Antioxidant activity was determined by method of DPPH and FRAP. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the microdilution and agar diffusion...
September 2019
Recombination fraction and genetic linkage among key disease resistance genes (Co-42/Phg-2 and Co-5/“P.ult”) in common bean
Anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum), Angular leaf spot (Pseudocercospora griseola) and Pythium root rot are important pathogens affecting common bean production in the tropics. A promising strategy to manage these diseases consists of combining several resistance (R) genes into one cultivar. The aim of the study was to determine genetic linkage between gene pairs, Co-42/Phg-2, on bean-chromosome Pv08 and...
September 2019
Aqueous Extracts of Pericopsis angolensis and Swartzia madagascariensis with High Antimicrobial Activities against Escherichia coli O157, Shigella spp. and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (Serovar typhi)
This study determined the potential antidiarrhoeal potential of Pericopsis angolensis and Swartzia madagascariensis extracts against Escherichia coli O157, Shigella species and Salmonella Typhi. Extracts were obtained using the following methods: (i) hot water extraction (90°C) (LHWE), (ii) cold water extraction (CWED) and (iii) ethanolic extraction (EED). Antimicrobial effects of the extracts were determined using...
September 2019
Extreme resistance to late blight disease by transferring 3 R genes from wild relatives into African farmer-preferred potato varieties
Three late blight resistance (R) genes from wild potato species were transferred as a stack into the farmer-preferred varieties ‘Tigoni’ and ‘Shangi’. Transgenic events were tested by detached-leaf assays (DLA) and whole-plant assays (WPA) with isolates of Phytophthora infestans using 20,000 sporangia / mL inoculum. For the first DLA, 9 out of 13 ‘Tigoni’ and 10 out of 12...
September 2019
Characterization of products from sawdust biodegradation using selected microbial culture isolated from it
Characterization of products from sawdust degradation using selected microbial culture isolated from it was carried out. A composite sawdust waste sample was collected from MCC timber market in Calabar. The sample was diluted using serial dilution method and inoculated on Nutrient agar and Sabauraud dextrose agar using pour plate technique and incubated at 370C and 270C respectively. Five bacteria species and 3 species...
September 2019
Phenotypic characterization of selected Kenyan Khat (Catha edulis) cultivars based on morphological traits
Khat (Catha edulis Vahl) is an evergreen shrub habitually ingested for its euphoric and stimulatory effects. The crop is grown in the Middle East, Somalia, East Africa and Ethiopia. It is referred to as Miraa in Kenya, while in Yemen it has several names like Qat, Kat, Kath, Gat, Chat and Tschat. It belongs to the sub-order Rosidae, family Celastraceae and characterized by astringent taste. Despite the daily use and...
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