Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using crude leaf extracts of Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Carissa spinarum, Melia azedarach, Senna didymobotrya and Warburgia ugandensis, and their antifungal activity against Sporisorium scitamineum
July 2022
Bio-synthesised silver nanoparticles are effective in controlling several micro-organisms. They are correspondingly environmentally friendly, affordable, and easy to synthesise when compared with chemically synthesised silver nanoparticles. This study investigated the efficacy of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against the fungus Sporisorium scitamineum, the causal agent of sugarcane smut. The reduction of silver...
Assessment of genetic diversity of local rice accessions cultivated in Guinea revealed by SNPs markers, and identification of markers associated with tolerance to iron toxicity
June 2022
Rice is the staple food in the Republic of Guinea. However, its production is seriously hampered by iron toxicity. The fight against this stress necessarily involves the search for tolerant or resistant varieties. The study aims to determine quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with tolerance to iron toxicity and to identify genotypes tolerant or resistant to iron toxicity. Thus, 90 local rice accessions collected...
The effect of substrates on the growth, yield, nutritional and phytochemical components of Pleurotus ostreatus supplemented with four medicinal plants
June 2022
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of substrates on the growth, yield, nutritional, and medicinal value of Pleurotus ostreatus supplemented with four medicinal plants. A completely randomized block design was laid out with 4 treatments replicated 4 times with and without medicinal plants. T1 (sawdust), T2 (sawdust + corncobs), T3 (palm cones), and T4 (elephant stalks) were the treatments used. Croton...
The role of N-terminal module of PhyB in modulating root and hypocotyl growth length in Arabidopsis
June 2022
Phytochrome belongs to red/far-red light family of photoreceptors. It exists in two spectral forms named red light absorbing form (Pr), said to be the inactive form and far-red light absorbing form (Pfr) which is the active form. This photoreceptor is structurally divided into two modules- the amino acid (N-) terminal photosensory module and caboxylic acid (C-) terminal His kinase-like catalytic output module. Five...
Modulation of ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase, benzoxyresorufin-o-dealkylase and pentoxyresorufin-o-dealkylase expression by African walnut seeds lipid extract in 3-methylcholanthrene induced breast cancer in Wistar rats
June 2022
Breast cancer is prevalent among women worldwide. African walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) seeds extract have been shown to have medicinal properties. This study is to determine the effects of feeding T. conophorum seeds lipid extract on 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) induced breast carcinogenesis and the expression of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (CYP1A1), benzoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (CYP1B1) and...
The effect of foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles and Moringa oleifera leaf extract on growth, biochemical parameters and in promoting salt stress tolerance in faba bean
June 2022
Salinity is major abiotic stress limiting plant growth worldwide. Plant adaptation to salinity stress involves diverse physiological and metabolic pathways. In this study, we assessed the effects of foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and Moringa leaf extract (MLE) on salt tolerance in faba beans (cultivar, Sakha 4). Morphological, chemical, and biochemical parameters of plants grown under saline...
Characterization and antimicrobial activities of lactic acid bacteria isolated from selected Nigerian traditional fermented foods
May 2022
For production and preservation of traditional fermented foods, the genera, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been used. This study was carried out to determine the characteristics and the antimicrobial activities of lactic acid bacteria isolated from selected Nigerian traditional fermented foods. Changes in pH and titratable acidity (TA) of the samples were investigated for a period of four days (96 h). Eleven tentative...
Efficient callus-mediated system for commercial production of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) planting material in Ghana
May 2022
An efficient callus-mediated regeneration system was developed for high-frequency production of planting material of sugarcane genotypes LSC and B36464. Spindle leaf segments cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with 2,4-D or picloram at 1, 2, 3 or 4 mg/L resulted in callus induction. Callus induction was higher on 2,4-D amended medium compared to picloram. Nevertheless, for both auxins, callus induction improved...
New technique for improving fish packaging hygiene and prolonged shelf life
May 2022
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have received great attention due to their optical, physical, and antimicrobial properties. They have toxic effect against microbes without any effect on mammalians cells. They are used in several applications including extending the shelf life of food. The study aims to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations of ZnO NPs against different aquaculture fish fungus species and...
Preliminary verification of the adoption status of some yam (Dioscorea rotundata and Dioscorea alata) varieties in Nigeria using microsatellites markers
May 2022
The persistent low yield and farmers’ preference of their traditional yam varieties over the improved varieties necessitated this study to verify the adoption status of the released varieties in Nigeria. A total of 48 accessions of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) were sampled from six states of Ebonyi, Enugu, Benue, Kogi, Nassarawa and Oyo within Nigeria yam-belt and were genotyped for relatedness to four released...
Commercialization of genetically modified crops in Africa: Opportunities and challenges
May 2022
Genetically modified (GM) crops offer potential for enhancing agricultural productivity for smallholder farmers in Africa. After nearly three decades of research and development collaboration and regulatory capacity strengthening, several countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are moving towards commercializing GM crops for the benefit of smallholder farmers. South Africa approved genetically modified (GM) cotton, maize...
Physiological performance of heat stressed growing rabbits fed diets supplemented with vitamin anti-oxidants and bicarbonate buffers
April 2022
The aim of the study was to evaluate the physiological performance of heat stressed growing rabbits fed diets supplemented with vitamin anti-oxidants and bicarbonate buffers. A total of thirty (30) growing rabbits (New Zealand White crosses) of two months old were used in this study. There were six (6) rabbits per treatment in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment groups consisted of: control, sodium...
Optimization of PCR protocol for ISSR marker based genetic diversity assessment of acid lime [Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle] germplasm in Eastern Nepal
April 2022
Acid lime [Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle] is a valuable commercial fruit crop grown in Nepal's Terai to high hills which has high economic, cultural and medicinal importance. Due to low quality planting materials and poor orchard management, production and productivity of acid lime are extremely low in Nepal. The present study aimed at optimization of Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR)-polymerase chain...
Metabolic engineering of Neurospora crassa for increasing carotenoids synthesis
April 2022
Carotenoids are essential nutrient compounds with numerous biological functions. Neurospora crassa is a model filamentous fungus with orange pigmentation which is attributed to the accumulation of carotenoids containing neurosporaxanthin (NX) and neutral carotenoids (NC). To enhance carotenoids synthesis in N. crassa, isoprene diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) were increased using the genes,...
Molecular characterization of Escherichia co-resistance genes from chicken meat
April 2022
Escherichia coli multi-resistance to a variety of antimicrobials is a result of gene mutation on plasmids, integrons and transposons. The aims of this work were to: (1) detect genotype and phenotype antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli, and (2) determine whole-genome sequencing to discover E. coli gene multi-drug resistance in chicken meat. Samples were gathered, processed, and analysed bacteriologically; thereafter...
Efficacy of Sudanese isolates of entomopathogenic fungi against the Khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
April 2022
The current study evaluated the bio-control activity of Sudanese isolates of entomopathogenic-fungi against 3rd larval instars of Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) (Everts) in Sudan and morphologically and molecularly characterized the virulent isolates. Fungi were isolated using Galleria-baiting method and tested against the larvae using immersion-technique at concentration of 1×107 conidia ml-1. Commercial...
Assessment of proximal, mineral composition and content of vitamin A and C of leaves and flowers from Lippia multiflora vegetable in Benin
March 2022
Lippia multiflora is a plant whose leaves and flowers are used as a food in Benin, so it is important to determine the nutritional properties of leaves and flowers of L. multiflora. Biochemical analyses for the determination of macronutrients, mineral salts and vitamins A and C on leaves and flowers of this leaf vegetable were done. The result indicates that the contents in leaves and flowers are, respectively:...
Agronomic performances of temporary immersion bioreactor-derived potato microtubers in a Peruvian low input cropping agriculture system
March 2022
In Peru, potato cultivation represents 25% of the agricultural gross domestic product yet only 0.2% of the agamic seed used is from certified sources. The use of temporary immersion bioreactors (TIB) has improved the quality of microtubers micropropagated along with savings in costs of production. The current study investigated the agronomic performances of Peruvian Canchan potato microtubers derived from TIB (basic...
Liver enzyme evaluation and NAT2 polymorphism in patients on anti-tuberculosis and antiretroviral drugs at Jamot Hospital in Yaoundé-Cameroon
March 2022
Hepatotoxicity is reported frequently as an adverse reaction during tuberculosis (TB) and HIV treatment. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of antiretroviral and anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver enzymes activities variation in TB and TB-HIV co-infected patients at Jamot Hospital in Yaoundé-Cameroon. From April 2018 to May 2019, 336 treatment-naïve TB patients were enrolled. Liver enzymes (AST,...
A study of the antimicrobial activity of Psidium guajava L. and Lawsonia inermis leaf extracts against some foodborne pathogens
March 2022
The study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava and Lawsonia inermis leaf extracts against some foodborne pathogens. The leaf samples were collected, rinsed, dried, ground, and then stored. The leaf powder was soaked in ethanol and boiled in distilled water. Then, it was filtered. The antibacterial activity of P. guajava and L. inermis leaf extracts against Salmonella enteritidis,...
Leaf microscopy, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of Croton zambesicus Müll.-Arg. leaf (Family: Euphorbiaceae) in Nigeria
March 2022
This study was done to get information on the chemical composition and the internal structure of the plant which could aid in its further characterization. The study is aimed at determining the epidermal leaf anatomy, HPLC of the hot water extract, chemical constituents of the oil from the leaves by GC-MS and chemo-microscopic properties of Croton zambesicus for proper identification of the plant. The leaf epidermal...
Cryopreservation of plant genetic resources: A legacy for humanity
February 2022
Plant genetic resources are essential for agri-food security in the world and conservation of genetic diversity. Cryopreservation is an in vitro culture technique used for long-term plant conservation, by freezing the tissue at low temperatures usually with liquid nitrogen (-196ºC). During cryopreservation, cell division and metabolic activity of the explants are quiescent. There are different cryopreservation...
In vitro propagation of two commercially important bamboo species (Bambusa tulda Roxb. and Dendrocalamus stocksii Munro.)
February 2022
Bamboo plant is an important biodegradable raw material which can play important role in rejuvenation of Indian rural economy through positively impacting agricultural, industrial, energy and in environmental sectors. Traditional methods of vegetative propagation of this plant have insufficient multiplication rate. In the present investigation, in vitro bud break and aseptic culture establishment in relation to...
Polymorphism of the heat shock protein 70 gene in indigenous chickens from different agro-climatic zones in Kenya
February 2022
Climate change leads to heat stress, which is one of the most challenging environmental conditions affecting poultry. Studying thermotolerance in poultry is crucial because it may identify genetic lines that can withstand heat stress. This study aimed to investigate polymorphisms in the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene in indigenous chicken. In Kenya, we collected 277 blood samples from selected chicken ecotypes from...
Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica methanolic bark extract and their anti-proliferative activities against DU-145 human prostate cancer cells
February 2022
Phytomedicine coupled with nanotechnology has shown possibilities in treating different ailments including cancer. In the current study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biogenically synthesized using methanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica (neem) barks and tested for cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activities on normal cells (Vero E6) and human prostate cancer cells (DU-145), respectively by resazurin assay....
Inclusion of African winged termites (Macrotermes nigeriensis) improves the nutrients and quality of fermented cassava mahewu
February 2022
Cassava mahewu is a non-alcoholic fermented beverage used by school children, but it has low contents of protein and micronutrients. This study examined the effect of inclusion of African winged-termite (AWT) on the nutritional quality and acceptability of cassava mahewu. Cassava flour was replaced with AWT at varying proportions of 100:0 (as control), 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40% and fermented to obtain cassava...
Isolation and characterization of multidrug resistance bacteria from hospital sewage samples, Maharashtra, India
January 2022
Multiple antibiotic resistance is a major cause of clinical infections worldwide. This study determined the pattern of multidrug bacterial resistance in hospital sewage samples from the Marathwada region of India. Forty-eight isolates of bacteria were obtained from 6 locations of Aurangabad. An antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out using the disc diffusion method. Among all the antibiotics tested, the...
Diversity of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the three agroecological zones of the Central African Republic
January 2022
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are organisms that can establish symbioses with 80% of terrestrial plants. Soils were collected in three agroecological zones (AEZ) of the Central African Republic (CAR). The aim of this research is to study the diversity of AMF in the CAR. The spore extraction and enumeration, granulometric and physicochemical analyses of each soil were performed. The results showed that AEZ3 has a...
Molecular and morphological identification of fungi causing canker and dieback diseases on Vangueria infausta (Burch) subsp. rotundata (Robyns) and Berchemia discolor (Klotzsch) Hemsl in lower Eastern Kenya
January 2022
Drought-tolerant multipurpose fruit trees Vangueria infausta (Burch) subsp. rotundata (Robyns) and Berchemia discolor (Klotzsch) Hemsl are native to Kenya. These fruit tree species are suitable for dryland agroforestry and support local communities with food, medicine, fodder and other necessities. Reports by the local communities indicate that the two species suffer from diebacks and cankers. The aim of this study was...
Identification of potential seed storage protein responsible for bruchid resistance in common bean landraces from Tanzania and Malawi
January 2022
Bean bruchids are among the most devastating insect pests of common bean that can inflict huge losses in storage. To identify potential resistance to these pests, screening was performed at Sokoine University of Agriculture. Two resistant landraces were identified, viz Kalubungula and KK25. Recombinant inbred (RI) KSy, KSw and ML populations were created from crosses between Soya × Kalubungula, Soworo ×...
Rapid single-tube splice variants typing of the BF gene based on dual-primer RT-PCR amplification that influence resistance/susceptibility to Marek’s disease in chicken
January 2022
A new effective splice variants typing based on multiplex allele-specific dual-primer RT-PCR assay was developed in a single tube for the rapid detection of the exon 7 splice variant of the BF gene. With 2 pairs of primers, one pair was used for amplifying cDNA fragments containing exon 7 of the BF gene, the other does not contain exon 7 of the BF gene. The templates were amplified in one tube and the type of splice...
Effect of foliar application of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers on nutrient uptake and protein content of maize
December 2021
The effect of foliar application of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) fertilizers on nutritional status and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) were investigated through a study conducted in a zonal agricultural research station of University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK Bengaluru (India). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design. The treatments consisted of two levels of soil application (75 and...
Genetic diversity analysis of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] races in Ethiopia using simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers
November 2021
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], is believed to be originated in Ethiopia and Sudan. Although, many morphological and molecular diversity studies reveal the existence of genetic variations with sorghum populations, their distribution within basic races were not considered. Hence, the present study aimed to analyze the extent and distribution of genetic variation within basic Ethiopian sorghum landraces using SSR...
Statistical modeling of effective doses in hormetic dose-response relationships by reparameterization of a bilogistic model for inverted U-shaped curves
November 2021
Hormesis is a biphasic dose (concentration)-response phenomenon characterized by low dose stimulatory and high dose inhibitory effects exerted by stressors on living organisms. Recently, there has been increased interest in the phenomenon and statistical models for its exploration in toxicological studies. The bilogistic model of Beckon et al. is one of such models for modeling biphasic dose-response relationships in...
Advances on the application of non-coding RNA in crop improvement
November 2021
Thanks to committed plant breeding researchers over the few decades, many problems associated with food supply and qualities have been improved. Food security is an exceptionally serious worldwide issue via world climate change, the increase in human population, and the use of plants for bioethanol production in current years. Improved tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress, resistance to herbicides, improved yield, and...
Spatial and regional directory of wild Auricularia species found in the forest of Southwest Nigeria
October 2021
The African forest, which was and still is the heart of biodiversity, is fast losing its bio-components due to natural disasters and human encroachment. A catalogue of the bio-components of the African forest is imminent so that conservation programs can be established to safeguard rare germplasm(s) from extinction. The population density of wild Auricularia (Mushroom) of Southwestern Nigeria was the focus of this...
Assessment of water requirement for rice crop at Cyabayaga wetland in Nyagatare District, Eastern Province, Rwanda
October 2021
The overall objective of this present research is assessment of rice-water requirement in Cyabayaga wetland of Nyagatare District in Rwanda. Specific objectives of this research project were to collect and analyze weather parameters, of soil physical properties, crop-water requirements and to recommend efficient water management of the study area. Research design, data collection and field observations were made during...
Antioxidative and anti-aging activities of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai extracts fermented with lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus brevis
October 2021
Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai is a deciduous shrub that belongs to Oleaceae Abeliophyllum and grows only in Korea. In this study, the antioxidative activity, cytotoxicity, anti-aging activity, and levels of acteoside and isoacteoside were compared between non-fermented and fermented (using Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis) extracts of A. distichum Nakai. The cytotoxicity of these extracts, along with...
Antioxidant effects of ginger, garlic and onion aqueous extracts on 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (2-TBARS) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content in chevon and pork during frozen storage
October 2021
The study investigated the effect of 10% aqueous extracts of ginger, garlic and onion on the quality and shelf life of frozen chevon and pork as reflected by changes in values of 2-thiobartituric acid reactive substances (2-TBARS) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) over a 14 day storage under frozen conditions. The pH, 2-TBARS and TVB-N of chevon and pork were measured from frozen storage at -20°C after...
Efficient conditions for in vitro establishment and regeneration of disease-free Ugandan farmer-preferred cassava genotypes
September 2021
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is majorly devastated by two viral diseases, cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) and cassava mosaic disease (CMD), resulting in 100% yield loss. Being a clonal plant, nodal cuttings (NC) and shoot apical meristems (SAMs) are the best explants for production of disease free planting materials. In this study, NCs and SAMs were used to determine reliable indicators for successful in vitro...
Vertical-horizontal subsurface flow hybrid constructed wetlands for municipal wastewater treatment in developing countries: A review
September 2021
The use of low-cost on-site wastewater treatment technologies, including constructed wetlands (CWs), is wide spread. Despite the purported high performance of vertical-horizontal subsurface flow (V-H SSF) hybrid CWs, data on implementation and performance in developing countries is scarce. Here, the design, operation and performance of V-H SSF hybrid CWs for treatment of municipal sewage in an effort to encourage and...
Adenine sulfate and glutamine enhanced shoots multiplication in Jatropha curcas L. a potent biofuel plant
September 2021
Jatropha is a drought-tolerant plant producing seed oil for the biodiesel. Limitation to the development of jatropha is unavailability of high-yielding varieties and efficient in vitro regeneration system which is required for micropropagation. In this study, in vitro regeneration system from jatropha juvenile cotyledon was established. Firstly, concentrations of hormones in the MS medium were optimized and it was found...
Sales environment, microbiological and biochemical quality of beef skins intended for human consumption
September 2021
The quality and composition of meat and its derivatives are influenced by many factors namely physicochemical, organoleptic factors and microbial contamination. The aim of this study was to evaluate kpakouma consumption risk through its chemical and microbiological contaminants. The methodological approach was composed of (i) observation of selling environment, (ii) pesticides and antibiotics residues quantification by...
Reconstruction of metabolic pathways in selected bacterial and yeast strains for the production of bio-ethylene from crude glycerol: A mini review
August 2021
The role of bioengineering in industrial processes cannot be ignored, especially in circumstances where the processes are uneconomical, demand high energy, use finite resources and emit huge amounts of carbon dioxide. Ethylene is a two-carbon unsaturated hydrocarbon that is industry's most important building block for polyester fibres, plastics, and ethylene glycol. For decades, ethylene production has relied on...
Physiological and biochemical traits, antioxidant compounds and some physico-chemical factors of Spirulina platensis cultivation as influenced by Moringa oleifera leaves extract culture medium enriched with sodium bicarbonate and kanwa
August 2021
The prospects for using Moringa oleifera leaves extract (MLE) supplemented with different concentrations of kanwa or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as a low-cost alternative growth medium of Spirulina platensis were evaluated in a small-scale outdoor cultivation system. The present study was aimed to evaluate the potential of MLE growth medium enriched with different concentrations (4 or 8 g L-1)...
Phytochemical and in-vitro antioxidant properties of ethyl acetate leave extract of Dryopteris dilatata on Wistar rats
August 2021
Medicinal plants contain natural bio-active constituents in various parts called photochemical that are of therapeutic importance. This research was undertaken to determine the phytochemical constituents and in-vitro antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate extract of Dryopteris dilatata leaves (DDL). Phytochemical analysis was determined on the plant samples following established protocols. The antioxidant property of...
Survival rate of donkey foals: Status quo and improvement methods
August 2021
The industrial improvement of donkey-hide gelatin and the development of related products, such as donkey meat, donkey milk, and donkey-hide gelatin cake, drive the upstream donkey breeding industry. However, the shortage of donkey germplasm resources seriously restricts the further development of the donkey industry. Under the biological limitations of long breeding cycle, slow breeding, low conception rate, high...
An efficient in-vitro regeneration system of Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) using apical meristems
July 2021
Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) is an important crop for food and nutrition security, incomes, and livelihood of people in developing countries. Its cultivation and productivity have been limited mainly due to a lack of quality planting materials. Therefore, this study developed an effective micropropagation method for two common taro varieties in Kenya (Purple Wild and Dasheen) using apical meristem derived from...
Control of ginseng leaf black spot disease by endophytic fungi
July 2021
Ginseng plants associated with a number of fungi, several of which are reported to protect it from pathogens, thus improving plant growth. This study aimed to screen Panax ginseng leaves for endophytic fungi and to assess these fungi for their efficacy to inhibit ginseng black spot disease caused by Alternaria panax. A total of 256 endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from P. ginseng leaves. Most of the fungal...
Effect of light quality on in vitro germination, seedling growth and photosynthetic pigments production in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
July 2021
Due to its economic importance, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been the subject of most breeding studies, most of which having as a starting point the in vitro cultures required for initiating different cell and tissues cultures such as protoplasts, ovules and pollen cells. All these procedures are used to obtain new varieties or hybrids regarding the improvement of different qualities such as higher productivity,...
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