Improved SSRs-based genetic diversity assessment of coconuts (Cocos nucifera L) along the coast of Kenya
November 2022
Coconut is the most important cash crop along the Coast of Kenya, yet its genetic diversity has not been fully established. Genetic diversity study of 48 coconut genotypes, collected at the Coastal Kenya was conducted with 13 polymorphic short sequence repeats (SSRs) markers. SSR analysis was performed using GeneMapper while data analysis was done with PowerMarker and DARwin softwares. Analysis revealed a total of...
Evaluation of Fagara zanthoxyloïdes and Mucuna pruriens extracts phenolic profile and their in vitro antioxidant activity
November 2022
In this study, the antioxidant activity and phytochemical analysis of extracts from the bark of Fagara zanthoxyloides and seeds of Mucuna pruriens were performed. Phytochemical analysis quantified total polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and anthocyanins and the antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH method. The high levels of polyphenols are obtained from the aqueous extract of F. zanthoxyloïdes (488.6 ±...
Cordycepin production by the potential fungal strains Cordyceps militaris BCC 2819 and Cordyceps cicadae BCC 19788 in submerged culture during batch and Fed-batch fermentation
October 2022
Cordycepin is one of the most important bioactive compounds; the low productivity and long production cycle of cordycepin are barriers to its commercialization. The optimal media for cordycepin production by Cordyceps militaris BCC 2819 and Cordyceps cicadae BCC 19788, which are potent cordycepin-producing-fungal strains, were determined through statistical experiments. Six nutrients including glucose, adenine, glycine,...
Screening for phosphate deficiency tolerance and expression of phosphate uptake genes in Nigerian local rice landraces
October 2022
Twenty-one Nigerian rice landraces were screened for tolerance to phosphate deficiency in nutrient medium using selected morphological indices from which Phosphate Deficiency Tolerance Index (PDTI) was evaluated. All landraces were analyzed for the presence of four phosphate uptake 1 (Pup-1) gene-linked markers while relative expression levels of two Pup-1 genes were evaluated in selected landraces under zero, normal...
Effect of temperature on lipid accumulation in three green microalgae species
October 2022
The objective of this work was to analyze the growth of Scenedesmus acutus, Nannochloropsis oculata and Chlorella vulgaris at different temperatures (25, 30 and 38°C) in order to identify changes in lipid content, accumulation of neutral lipids and fatty acids profile. According to the results obtained, the temperature of 30°C does not affect the growth of the microalgae S. acutus, N. oculata and C. vulgaris;...
Semi-artificial method of induced breeding of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) under varying broodstock ratios using Ovaprim®
October 2022
Modern methods of producing African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings require that the male brooder is sacrificed to obtain milt for artificial fertilization of the eggs stripped from the female under hormonal induction. This study assessed the semi-artificial technique of producing catfish larvae with different broodstock ratios using Ovaprim®, a synthetic spawning inducing hormone. The treatments with 3...
Encapsulation by complex coacervation of total flavonoids and total phenols of methanol extract of Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardeaceae) obtained by microwave assisted extraction
October 2022
The study was carried out to produce a microcapsule powder of total flavonoids and total total phenols of methanol extract of the cashew, using a complex coacervation encapsulation method. In the search for optimal conditions for encapsulation, a three level factorial design was set up, while taking into account factors like time and proportions in Arabic gum and gelatin. The kinetic of encapsulation follows a kinetic...
Effects of 2-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol on mitotic chromosomes and nucleic acid content using Allium cepa and Vicia faba assays
September 2022
Chlorophenols are compounds used as intermediaries in manufacturing agricultural pesticides. Despite the efficiency on their targets, they are considered as environmental pollutant substances. This study assessed two chlorophenol substances, 2-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2-CP, 2,4-DCP) for their cytogenetic, genotoxic, and nucleic acid content affects using Allium cepa and Vicia faba assay....
In vitro regeneration of Tripsacum laxum Nash
September 2022
Tripsacum laxum Nash (Guatemala grass) is widely used globally as a forage crop. Its strong roots and long period of growth and utilization allow it to be harvested for many years, and given its high yield, high nutritional value, and good taste. Here the peduncles of T. laxum Nash were used as explants to induce shoots and then efficient shoot proliferation and regeneration system were established for the first time....
Prevalence of drug resistance and genetic characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains from pulmonary tuberculosis patients co-infected with malaria at Jamot Hospital in Yaoundé
September 2022
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and remains a major global public health concern. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of drug resistance and the genetic variation among MTBC population in pulmonary tuberculosis patients co-infected with Malaria at Jamot Hospital in Yaoundé-Cameroon. This was a 12 months cross-sectional study that enrolled 336 participants aged...
Characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria isolated from soils of Senegalese Semi-arid Sahelian Zone
September 2022
The semi-arid Sahelian region of Africa, characterized by its deleterious agro-climatic conditions, is also subject to agricultural overexploitation to support human and livestock food. This situation has strongly accentuated the continuous degradation of arable land. However, green biotechnologies are often proposed to promote more sustainable agricultural systems. Thus, the soil microbiome is explored for the...
Assessment of Exserohilum turcicum using molecular markers for sustainable maize production in Tanzania
August 2022
The Exserohilum turcicum fungus causes the Northern leaf blight (NLB) of maize all over the world. In Tanzania, this disease is considered as a major foliar disease with yield losses of 23.9 to 62.8%. To understand the genetic variations of E. turcicum from maize fields in Tanzania, a survey was conducted in four regions, including Morogoro, Iringa, Njombe, and Mbeya. Leaf samples were collected from diseased plants...
Association of serum MMP-9 with recurrence in patients with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after chemotherapy or concurrent radiotherapy
August 2022
Esophagectomy is a common standard treatment of localized disease. However, local recurrence frequently occurs in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after operation, resulting in the need for using biomarkers to evaluate recurrence in patients with advanced ESCC during postoperative therapies. This study examined serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as a prognosis factor in recurrent...
The value-chain of cotton industry in Kenya with focus on product stewardship for timely provision of certified quality Hybrid Bt cotton seeds to farmers
August 2022
For there to be sustainable revival of Kenya’s Cotton Industry, its cotton-value needs to be analyzed, there is need to identify its weak points and implement measures to ameliorate its key constraints. Various authors have developed and analyzed the value-chain of the Cotton Industry in Kenya. This paper reviews important components of the value-chain focusing on strengthening the supply of safe, adequate and...
Studies of Salvia officinalis leaf extract on some biochemical parameters in rats induced with overdosed-tramadol
August 2022
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Salvia officinalis leaf extract in overdosed-tramadol induced rats. Standard methods of analysis were used for the study. Fifty rats were divided into Group A (Control) - feed and water only, Group B-induced with tramadol at 50 mg/kg body weight, Group C-induced with tramadol + 150 mg/kg of S. officinalis leaf extract, Group D-tramadol + 300 mg/kg S. officinalis...
Rhizosphere competence and abiotic stress tolerance of commercially sold Pseudomonas fluorescens biofertilizers: Implications for their bioremediation potential
August 2022
Microbial remediation research has become front and centre gaining momentum for numerous environmental biotechnological applications. Agronomical bioproducts have been widely used for many years and their availability, low costs and safety makes them potentially suitable for alternative biotechnological applications, specifically environmental remediation. In this study, the commercially available biofertilizer,...
Fatty acid profiles in Chinese Maiwa yak milk across the lactation cycle
July 2022
An experiment was conducted to determine fatty acid (FA) pro?les in Chinese Maiwa yak milk across the lactation cycle. Sixty-one healthy, similar weight, 4-7 years old, 3-6 parity Maiwa yaks with unrelated background were selected randomly from Hongyuan County, Sichuan province, in southwest of China (with the altitude over 3500 m). The yaks graze on natural pasture all year around without irrigation, fertilizer, or...
Effect of different concentrations of plant growth hormones on callus induction and regeneration of Shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa)
July 2022
The slow natural regeneration pattern of the Shea tree due to the long gestation period and intense harvest has limited the domestication and genetic improvement of this tree. These limitations have necessitated the need for an alternative method of conserving the Shea tree outside the natural habitat. The propagation of the Shea tree by the in-vitro clonal technique presents such an alternative method. The purpose of...
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using crude leaf extracts of Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Carissa spinarum, Melia azedarach, Senna didymobotrya and Warburgia ugandensis, and their antifungal activity against Sporisorium scitamineum
July 2022
Bio-synthesised silver nanoparticles are effective in controlling several micro-organisms. They are correspondingly environmentally friendly, affordable, and easy to synthesise when compared with chemically synthesised silver nanoparticles. This study investigated the efficacy of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against the fungus Sporisorium scitamineum, the causal agent of sugarcane smut. The reduction of silver...
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of propolis obtained from Gboko, Nigeria
July 2022
The use of propolis for the treatment of various ailments in which inflammation and pain is involved is cross-cultural. This report was designed to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of propolis obtained from Gboko, Benue State using hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol solvents. Propolis sample obtained from beehives was homogenized, extracted and dried at 40°C. The dry extract was prepared in...
Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorous on the growth, nutrient uptake, chlorophyll content and some metabolites of eggplant (Solanum melongena L. VAR. Yalo) under saline conditions
July 2022
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphorous (P) on the growth, nutrient uptake, chlorophyll content and some metabolites of eggplant (Solanum melongena L. VAR. Yalo) were determined under saline conditions, through a greenhouse experiment conducted for six weeks. Seedlings were planted in polythene bags previously filled with sand, 1 g of P and 50 g of AMF for all concentrations (0, 50,...
Modulation of ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase, benzoxyresorufin-o-dealkylase and pentoxyresorufin-o-dealkylase expression by African walnut seeds lipid extract in 3-methylcholanthrene induced breast cancer in Wistar rats
June 2022
Breast cancer is prevalent among women worldwide. African walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) seeds extract have been shown to have medicinal properties. This study is to determine the effects of feeding T. conophorum seeds lipid extract on 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) induced breast carcinogenesis and the expression of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (CYP1A1), benzoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (CYP1B1) and...
The effect of substrates on the growth, yield, nutritional and phytochemical components of Pleurotus ostreatus supplemented with four medicinal plants
June 2022
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of substrates on the growth, yield, nutritional, and medicinal value of Pleurotus ostreatus supplemented with four medicinal plants. A completely randomized block design was laid out with 4 treatments replicated 4 times with and without medicinal plants. T1 (sawdust), T2 (sawdust + corncobs), T3 (palm cones), and T4 (elephant stalks) were the treatments used. Croton...
Assessment of genetic diversity of local rice accessions cultivated in Guinea revealed by SNPs markers, and identification of markers associated with tolerance to iron toxicity
June 2022
Rice is the staple food in the Republic of Guinea. However, its production is seriously hampered by iron toxicity. The fight against this stress necessarily involves the search for tolerant or resistant varieties. The study aims to determine quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with tolerance to iron toxicity and to identify genotypes tolerant or resistant to iron toxicity. Thus, 90 local rice accessions collected...
The effect of foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles and Moringa oleifera leaf extract on growth, biochemical parameters and in promoting salt stress tolerance in faba bean
June 2022
Salinity is major abiotic stress limiting plant growth worldwide. Plant adaptation to salinity stress involves diverse physiological and metabolic pathways. In this study, we assessed the effects of foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and Moringa leaf extract (MLE) on salt tolerance in faba beans (cultivar, Sakha 4). Morphological, chemical, and biochemical parameters of plants grown under saline...
The role of N-terminal module of PhyB in modulating root and hypocotyl growth length in Arabidopsis
June 2022
Phytochrome belongs to red/far-red light family of photoreceptors. It exists in two spectral forms named red light absorbing form (Pr), said to be the inactive form and far-red light absorbing form (Pfr) which is the active form. This photoreceptor is structurally divided into two modules- the amino acid (N-) terminal photosensory module and caboxylic acid (C-) terminal His kinase-like catalytic output module. Five...
Commercialization of genetically modified crops in Africa: Opportunities and challenges
May 2022
Genetically modified (GM) crops offer potential for enhancing agricultural productivity for smallholder farmers in Africa. After nearly three decades of research and development collaboration and regulatory capacity strengthening, several countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are moving towards commercializing GM crops for the benefit of smallholder farmers. South Africa approved genetically modified (GM) cotton, maize...
New technique for improving fish packaging hygiene and prolonged shelf life
May 2022
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have received great attention due to their optical, physical, and antimicrobial properties. They have toxic effect against microbes without any effect on mammalians cells. They are used in several applications including extending the shelf life of food. The study aims to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations of ZnO NPs against different aquaculture fish fungus species and...
Characterization and antimicrobial activities of lactic acid bacteria isolated from selected Nigerian traditional fermented foods
May 2022
For production and preservation of traditional fermented foods, the genera, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been used. This study was carried out to determine the characteristics and the antimicrobial activities of lactic acid bacteria isolated from selected Nigerian traditional fermented foods. Changes in pH and titratable acidity (TA) of the samples were investigated for a period of four days (96 h). Eleven tentative...
Efficient callus-mediated system for commercial production of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) planting material in Ghana
May 2022
An efficient callus-mediated regeneration system was developed for high-frequency production of planting material of sugarcane genotypes LSC and B36464. Spindle leaf segments cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with 2,4-D or picloram at 1, 2, 3 or 4 mg/L resulted in callus induction. Callus induction was higher on 2,4-D amended medium compared to picloram. Nevertheless, for both auxins, callus induction improved...
Preliminary verification of the adoption status of some yam (Dioscorea rotundata and Dioscorea alata) varieties in Nigeria using microsatellites markers
May 2022
The persistent low yield and farmers’ preference of their traditional yam varieties over the improved varieties necessitated this study to verify the adoption status of the released varieties in Nigeria. A total of 48 accessions of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) were sampled from six states of Ebonyi, Enugu, Benue, Kogi, Nassarawa and Oyo within Nigeria yam-belt and were genotyped for relatedness to four released...
Molecular characterization of Escherichia co-resistance genes from chicken meat
April 2022
Escherichia coli multi-resistance to a variety of antimicrobials is a result of gene mutation on plasmids, integrons and transposons. The aims of this work were to: (1) detect genotype and phenotype antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli, and (2) determine whole-genome sequencing to discover E. coli gene multi-drug resistance in chicken meat. Samples were gathered, processed, and analysed bacteriologically; thereafter...
Physiological performance of heat stressed growing rabbits fed diets supplemented with vitamin anti-oxidants and bicarbonate buffers
April 2022
The aim of the study was to evaluate the physiological performance of heat stressed growing rabbits fed diets supplemented with vitamin anti-oxidants and bicarbonate buffers. A total of thirty (30) growing rabbits (New Zealand White crosses) of two months old were used in this study. There were six (6) rabbits per treatment in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment groups consisted of: control, sodium...
Efficacy of Sudanese isolates of entomopathogenic fungi against the Khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
April 2022
The current study evaluated the bio-control activity of Sudanese isolates of entomopathogenic-fungi against 3rd larval instars of Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) (Everts) in Sudan and morphologically and molecularly characterized the virulent isolates. Fungi were isolated using Galleria-baiting method and tested against the larvae using immersion-technique at concentration of 1×107 conidia ml-1. Commercial...
Optimization of PCR protocol for ISSR marker based genetic diversity assessment of acid lime [Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle] germplasm in Eastern Nepal
April 2022
Acid lime [Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle] is a valuable commercial fruit crop grown in Nepal's Terai to high hills which has high economic, cultural and medicinal importance. Due to low quality planting materials and poor orchard management, production and productivity of acid lime are extremely low in Nepal. The present study aimed at optimization of Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR)-polymerase chain...
Metabolic engineering of Neurospora crassa for increasing carotenoids synthesis
April 2022
Carotenoids are essential nutrient compounds with numerous biological functions. Neurospora crassa is a model filamentous fungus with orange pigmentation which is attributed to the accumulation of carotenoids containing neurosporaxanthin (NX) and neutral carotenoids (NC). To enhance carotenoids synthesis in N. crassa, isoprene diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) were increased using the genes,...
Agronomic performances of temporary immersion bioreactor-derived potato microtubers in a Peruvian low input cropping agriculture system
March 2022
In Peru, potato cultivation represents 25% of the agricultural gross domestic product yet only 0.2% of the agamic seed used is from certified sources. The use of temporary immersion bioreactors (TIB) has improved the quality of microtubers micropropagated along with savings in costs of production. The current study investigated the agronomic performances of Peruvian Canchan potato microtubers derived from TIB (basic...
Liver enzyme evaluation and NAT2 polymorphism in patients on anti-tuberculosis and antiretroviral drugs at Jamot Hospital in Yaoundé-Cameroon
March 2022
Hepatotoxicity is reported frequently as an adverse reaction during tuberculosis (TB) and HIV treatment. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of antiretroviral and anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver enzymes activities variation in TB and TB-HIV co-infected patients at Jamot Hospital in Yaoundé-Cameroon. From April 2018 to May 2019, 336 treatment-naïve TB patients were enrolled. Liver enzymes (AST,...
Leaf microscopy, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of Croton zambesicus Müll.-Arg. leaf (Family: Euphorbiaceae) in Nigeria
March 2022
This study was done to get information on the chemical composition and the internal structure of the plant which could aid in its further characterization. The study is aimed at determining the epidermal leaf anatomy, HPLC of the hot water extract, chemical constituents of the oil from the leaves by GC-MS and chemo-microscopic properties of Croton zambesicus for proper identification of the plant. The leaf epidermal...
A study of the antimicrobial activity of Psidium guajava L. and Lawsonia inermis leaf extracts against some foodborne pathogens
March 2022
The study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava and Lawsonia inermis leaf extracts against some foodborne pathogens. The leaf samples were collected, rinsed, dried, ground, and then stored. The leaf powder was soaked in ethanol and boiled in distilled water. Then, it was filtered. The antibacterial activity of P. guajava and L. inermis leaf extracts against Salmonella enteritidis,...
Assessment of proximal, mineral composition and content of vitamin A and C of leaves and flowers from Lippia multiflora vegetable in Benin
March 2022
Lippia multiflora is a plant whose leaves and flowers are used as a food in Benin, so it is important to determine the nutritional properties of leaves and flowers of L. multiflora. Biochemical analyses for the determination of macronutrients, mineral salts and vitamins A and C on leaves and flowers of this leaf vegetable were done. The result indicates that the contents in leaves and flowers are, respectively:...
Polymorphism of the heat shock protein 70 gene in indigenous chickens from different agro-climatic zones in Kenya
February 2022
Climate change leads to heat stress, which is one of the most challenging environmental conditions affecting poultry. Studying thermotolerance in poultry is crucial because it may identify genetic lines that can withstand heat stress. This study aimed to investigate polymorphisms in the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene in indigenous chicken. In Kenya, we collected 277 blood samples from selected chicken ecotypes from...
Inclusion of African winged termites (Macrotermes nigeriensis) improves the nutrients and quality of fermented cassava mahewu
February 2022
Cassava mahewu is a non-alcoholic fermented beverage used by school children, but it has low contents of protein and micronutrients. This study examined the effect of inclusion of African winged-termite (AWT) on the nutritional quality and acceptability of cassava mahewu. Cassava flour was replaced with AWT at varying proportions of 100:0 (as control), 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40% and fermented to obtain cassava...
Cryopreservation of plant genetic resources: A legacy for humanity
February 2022
Plant genetic resources are essential for agri-food security in the world and conservation of genetic diversity. Cryopreservation is an in vitro culture technique used for long-term plant conservation, by freezing the tissue at low temperatures usually with liquid nitrogen (-196ºC). During cryopreservation, cell division and metabolic activity of the explants are quiescent. There are different cryopreservation...
In vitro propagation of two commercially important bamboo species (Bambusa tulda Roxb. and Dendrocalamus stocksii Munro.)
February 2022
Bamboo plant is an important biodegradable raw material which can play important role in rejuvenation of Indian rural economy through positively impacting agricultural, industrial, energy and in environmental sectors. Traditional methods of vegetative propagation of this plant have insufficient multiplication rate. In the present investigation, in vitro bud break and aseptic culture establishment in relation to...
Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica methanolic bark extract and their anti-proliferative activities against DU-145 human prostate cancer cells
February 2022
Phytomedicine coupled with nanotechnology has shown possibilities in treating different ailments including cancer. In the current study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biogenically synthesized using methanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica (neem) barks and tested for cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activities on normal cells (Vero E6) and human prostate cancer cells (DU-145), respectively by resazurin assay....
Isolation and characterization of multidrug resistance bacteria from hospital sewage samples, Maharashtra, India
January 2022
Multiple antibiotic resistance is a major cause of clinical infections worldwide. This study determined the pattern of multidrug bacterial resistance in hospital sewage samples from the Marathwada region of India. Forty-eight isolates of bacteria were obtained from 6 locations of Aurangabad. An antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out using the disc diffusion method. Among all the antibiotics tested, the...
Identification of potential seed storage protein responsible for bruchid resistance in common bean landraces from Tanzania and Malawi
January 2022
Bean bruchids are among the most devastating insect pests of common bean that can inflict huge losses in storage. To identify potential resistance to these pests, screening was performed at Sokoine University of Agriculture. Two resistant landraces were identified, viz Kalubungula and KK25. Recombinant inbred (RI) KSy, KSw and ML populations were created from crosses between Soya × Kalubungula, Soworo ×...
Rapid single-tube splice variants typing of the BF gene based on dual-primer RT-PCR amplification that influence resistance/susceptibility to Marek’s disease in chicken
January 2022
A new effective splice variants typing based on multiplex allele-specific dual-primer RT-PCR assay was developed in a single tube for the rapid detection of the exon 7 splice variant of the BF gene. With 2 pairs of primers, one pair was used for amplifying cDNA fragments containing exon 7 of the BF gene, the other does not contain exon 7 of the BF gene. The templates were amplified in one tube and the type of splice...
Diversity of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the three agroecological zones of the Central African Republic
January 2022
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are organisms that can establish symbioses with 80% of terrestrial plants. Soils were collected in three agroecological zones (AEZ) of the Central African Republic (CAR). The aim of this research is to study the diversity of AMF in the CAR. The spore extraction and enumeration, granulometric and physicochemical analyses of each soil were performed. The results showed that AEZ3 has a...
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