A survey of the aflatoxin level and molecular identification of fungal contaminants in poultry feed mills from different geopolitical zones of Nigeria
August 2020
Aflatoxin contamination of poultry feeds in Nigeria is a common problem in most feed mills. A survey on the distribution of aflatoxin in feed mills from different parts of Nigeria was carried out. The aflatoxin concentration in most feed mills from the North-western part of Nigeria was low compared to the concentration in the feed mills from the South-eastern part. The total aflatoxin level in three feed mills (B, C and...
Yield coefficient for the growth of Pseudomonas sp. AQ5-04 at various concentrations of phenol
July 2020
Phenol is widely used by many industries in Malaysia, and is one of the highly toxic environmental pollutants with levels exceeding the regulatory standard that have been reported in Malaysia. A phenol-degrading bacterium; Pseudomonas sp. AQ5-04, a metabolically versatile xenobiotic-degrading bacterium, has been isolated from a local contaminated site. The bacterium was able to withstand a high concentration of phenol....
Genetic diversity of Faidherbia albida populations in the Sudano Sahelian region of Cameroon, using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers
July 2020
Faidherbia albida (DEL.) A. Chev is widely grown in the northern region of Cameroon because of its many benefits to local communities. However, droughts and deforestation have led to decreases in the abundance of this species, increasing the need to identify improved genotypes for conservation, management, and breeding. The genetic diversity of F. albida in nine populations from the Sudano-Sahelian region of northern...
Readiness of the Nigerian public for the introduction of genetically modified crops into the food market
July 2020
Genetically modified crops (GM crops) have gained wide attention over the years some GM crops have been undergoing field trials in Nigeria, but they have not proceeded to commercial cultivation due to the absence of regulatory law. The biosafety act was passed into law in 2015 and the presence of this law, can see to the progression of the GM crops from field trials to commercialization. This study investigated the...
Genetic diversity analysis among soybean genotypes using SSR markers in Uganda
July 2020
The assessment of genetic diversity among improved crop germplasm can facilitate the expansion of the genetic base for crop improvement in breeding program. However, little effort has been made to assess the level of genetic relatedness among released varieties and elite soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes. The objective of this study was to determine the degree of genetic diversity that exists among released and...
Evaluation of poultry waste medium and light quality for lipid accumulation in fresh water green microalgae isolate
July 2020
The global quest for production of biofuel at a competitive price with fossil fuel has driven research to the exploration of organic waste as a cost-effective growth medium for microalgal biodiesel production. In this study, poultry waste extract (PWE) was explored as growth medium for efficient biomass and some intracellular content accumulation by Chlorella sp. isolate for eight days. The analysis of the poultry waste...
Next generation sequencing as a method to verify virus elimination using heat treatment and meristem tip culture in the five most widely used sweet potato varieties in Ethiopia
July 2020
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) has become one of the staple crops in Africa in the last 20 years. In Ethiopia, sweet potato is the second most widely grown root crop and is the first regarding the production per hectare. Thus, there is a great demand of planting material throughout the country. Currently, planting material is usually obtained from own previous season harvest, local markets or from the neighboring...
Analysis of genetic diversity in four Sudanese provenances of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker
July 2020
Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. (Heglig) is a multipurpose tree with considerable potential. The wide range of environments under which it is growing suggests high pattern of variation among and within locations. The scrutiny was undertaken to assess genetic diversity among and within four geographical genotypes of Heglig growing naturally in four different regions of Sudan based on their seed performance using random...
Stabilisation potentials of the essential oils of Thymus vulgaris L., Cinnamomum zeylanicum B. and Mentha piperita L. on palm olein at accelerated storage
July 2020
This study aims at bringing to light the preservative potential of essential oils of Thymus vulgaris, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Mentha piperita in the stabilisation of lipids against oxidation. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and chemical composition were analysed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. In vitro antioxidant potentials of the essential oils were tested by the 2,...
Response of catalase to drought in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings and its purification
July 2020
Drought induced oxidative stress triggers anti-oxidative system in cell to minimize oxidative damage where catalase plays vital role to neutralize H2O2. In this work, catalase activity was evaluated to examine the role of catalase in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings under drought stress. As compared to control, catalase activity increased with decreasing soil moisture where 219% higher activity were recorded at 10%...
Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and soils potential infectivity of Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb. rhizosphere in Senegalese salt-affected soils
July 2020
Vachellia nilotica, a multipurpose tree useful to rural populations, is often used to rehabilitate Senegalese salt-affected soils due to its salt-tolerance probably related to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis. This work aimed to determine the AMF communities associated with V. nilotica rhizosphere in salt-affected soils and their potential infectivity. Soils were sampled from six sites in the...
Responses of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) associated with variable plant density stress applied at different phenological stages: Plasticity or elasticity?
June 2020
The study evaluated developmental responses associated with plant population density stress applied at different phenological phases and effects on grain yield in determinate and indeterminate soybean (Glycine max L.). A split-split plot design with four replications, with variety (main plot), plant density (sub plot) and thinning time (sub-subplot) was adopted. Two determinate genotypes (Lukanga and SC Semeki) and an...
Sub-acute and chronic toxicity of silver nanoparticles synthesized by Azadirachta indica extract
June 2020
In this study, biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and its toxicity were investigated. Different functional groups responsible for adsorption, morphology and absorption of the nanoparticle were characterized using UV-Vis, Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses, respectively. The toxicity of orally administered Azadirachta indica AgNPs was assessed in...
Optimization of plant growth regulators for meristem initiation and subsequent multiplication of five virus tested elite sweet potato varieties from Ethiopia
June 2020
Vegetatively propagated crops are exposed to pests every growing season, providing them with the opportunity to feed on the plants and transmit diseases. Meristem culture is an important method to clean for viruses to restore high yields. Media optimizations with different concentrations and combinations of 6-benzylamino purine (BAP) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) were tested for their effects on shoot initiation...
Selection for and biochemical characterization of DDT resistance in laboratory strains of Anopheles arabiensis
June 2020
Resistance to conventional insecticides still constitutes a major obstacle to control of malaria vectors. Xenobiotic pollutants encountered by aquatic stages of natural populations of malarial vector species in agricultural and domestic environment are often selected due to resistance to various insecticides. The Laboratory Matatuine (MAT) and Kayamba (KGB) strains of Anopheles arabiensis were subjected to controlled...
Comparison and optimization for DNA extraction of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)
June 2020
The extraction of high-quality DNA from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) is notoriously troublesome due to the high contents of polysaccharides, polyphenols, and different secondary metabolites. We have tested seven extraction buffers on silica dried okra leaves. Here, we describe a simple, rapid and modified procedure for high-quality DNA extraction from okra, which is amenable for downstream analyses. In...
Lactic acid bacteria fermentation of coconut milk and its effect on the nutritional, phytochemical, antibacterial and sensory properties of virgin coconut oil produced
June 2020
Coconut oil has profound health benefits but the high content of fatty acids is a concern to many consumers, as several processing methods have failed to produce oil with considerable change in fatty acid content. In this study, selected lactic acid bacteria including Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Enterococcus faecium were used to ferment coconut milk for production of...
TetraSOD® activates the antioxidant response pathway in human cells: An in vitro approach
June 2020
The combined action of both endogenous and exogenous factors stimulates the production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. They are neutralized by an elaborate antioxidant defense system, superoxide dismutase (SOD) being the first line of enzymes involved in ROS scavenging. However, when ROS production cannot be counteracted by cellular antioxidant mechanisms oxidative stress happens, inducing...
Potential applications of enzymes on the extraction of vitexin from dried Mas Cotek leaves
June 2020
Mas Cotek or Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea leaves extracts contain various beneficial properties such as antidiabetic, antihypoglycemic and antioxidant activities, which can be enzymatically extracted in water. Vitexin is one of the antioxidants and remarkable compound of flavone C-glycosides found in Mas Cotek leaves. Cellulase is one of the essential enzymes applied to hydrolyze cellulose into fermentable sugars and...
Assessment of genetic diversity among cassava landraces using single nucleotide polymorphic markers
June 2020
This study seeks to determine the genetic diversity among cassava landraces using single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers. One hundred and five cassava landraces were assayed with 195 SNP markers. Major allele frequency varied from 0.500 to 0.942 with an average of 0.728. Average gene diversity, heterozygosity and polymorphic information content (PIC) were 0.359, 0.314 and 0.286 respectively. These values were...
Cytotoxic effects of some essential oils on Mcf-7, Hfs and Hct116 cell lines
June 2020
This study investigates the chemical composition and cytotoxic effects of three essential oils of rosemary, lemon and orange, as well as its effects on breast cancer (MCF-7), human foreskin fibroblasts (HFS) and colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods, leading to identification of a different compound by GC-MS. Eicosapentaenoic acid (13.79%) and heptatriacotanol (13.79%)...
Morphological and proteomic analyses of Zea mays in response to water stress
May 2020
Water stress affects plant growth and development, leading to agricultural crop losses in maize cultivation. It also threatens food security in economical crops such as maize, one of the major crops produced worldwide. Transcriptomic studies associated with morphological assessments have been widely conducted on the mechanisms of crop development and stress response; however, data on maize is still very much limited....
Morphological and molecular characterisation of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz) isolates obtained from Dioscorea rotundata (Poir)
May 2020
Anthracnose disease is a major constraint to yam production in tropical West Africa and anywhere the crop is cultivated. This study determined the cultural characteristics and growth rates of mycelia and also characterised 6 isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the causal agent of the yam anthracnose disease, obtained from Dioscorea rotundata leaves, vines and setts in the Tolon District of Ghana. The cultural...
Evaluation of different methods for total RNA extraction from Thaumastocoris peregrinus
May 2020
Thaumastocoris peregrinus is a pest that damages eucalyptus plantations. Recently in Brazil, there are few studies related to its control. With the advancement of molecular biology, several techniques can assist in the discovery of an effective and sustainable control. The different techniques of analysis of gene expression start with the extraction of the total RNA from the material for genomic analysis, hence it is...
HPTLC fingerprint profiles and UPLC-MS identification of potential antioxidant fractions and compounds from Ambrosia maritima L. and Ammi majus L.
May 2020
This study aimed to develop HPTLC fingerprint profile and identification of antioxidant molecules from active extract and fractions of Ambrosia maritima and Ammi majus using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS). The antioxidant activity evaluated by using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) method and HPTLC fingerprinting were carried out using CAMAG HPTLC system equipped with...
Diallel analysis for the inheritance study of phytic acid along with morpho-yield traits in bread wheat
May 2020
In the kernels of wheat, a macro molecule called phytic acid acts as an inhibitor of nutrients. Phytic acid in high concentration is undesirable as it hinders the absoption of other molecules. Regression analysis, the model of additive-dominance and Hotelling’s t2 test were adequate for biological yield, grains spike-1 and phytic acid, while partially adequate results were found for grain yield and 1000-grain...
Improving peanut protein quality: Expression of a synthetic storage protein
May 2020
Peanut is an affordable legume used in most households. It represents one of the most important protein supplies worldwide. However, peanut proteins are deficient in several essential amino acids (EAA), like most plant proteins; whereas plants are the main source of dietary proteins consumed by humans and livestock. This could lead to protein malnutrition in areas where people diet relies on one or two staple foods....
Bio-appraisal of three strains of lactobacillus based probiotics on the growth traits and semen characteristics of local toms
May 2020
The effect of three strains of Lactobacillus based probiotics on the growth performance and semen quality of toms was conducted in a thirty-four week study. Eighty day-old (d 1) poults were randomly divided into 4 groups, replicated twice with 10 birds per replicate and assigned to four treatments; T1 (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp Bulgaricus), T2 (Lactobacillus acidophilus), T3 (Lactobacillus sporogens) and T4...
Comparison of crop production efficiency of compost leachate with chemical fertilizer and evaluating its effect on germination and growth of wheat crop
May 2020
Increasing public concern in relation to health and environmental issues of organic waste leads to many solutions of waste management. Many different methods are discovered for proper waste management and disposal. Organic fractions of solid waste are treated with aerobic composting. It is one of the better treatments for organic waste. The important issue of concern here is the production of compost leachate with...
Effects of biochar and sewage sludge on spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) yield and soil NO3- content in texturally different soils in Glen Valley, Botswana
May 2020
The effects of biochar and sewage sludge application on spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) yield and soil NO3- content were investigated in typical soils of Botswana (Luvisol, Cambisol) under field conditions. Ten treatments with 3 levels of biochar (0, 2.5, 5 tons ha-1) and sewage sludge (0, 6, 12 ton ha-1) were applied in 2 subsequent seasons. Significant (p < 0.05) yield increase on the Luvisol occurred if sewage...
Antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of Dendropanax morbifera and sweet potato extracts for production of health-oriented food materials
May 2020
The antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects of fermented and non-fermented extracts of ‘the Korean shrub’ Dendropanax morbifera and sweet potato were compared to assess the potential utility of these species in the development of health-oriented food. Non-fermented extract (NFDSE) was obtained from the leaves and branches of D. morbifera and the bodies of sweet potato using distilled water. The...
Genetic variation via SSR polymorphic information content and ecological distribution of Nigerian sesame
April 2020
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) of the family Pedaliaceae is an important and old oil crop that is cultivated mainly in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa for several economic values. Several molecular markers have been employed to study the genetic diversity of this important crop. The study focused on the genetic diversity through polymorphism information content (PIC) by the use of Simple Sequence...
Lipase and esterase activities of lactic acid bacteria isolated from different biotopes
April 2020
The lipolytic and esterase activities of fifteen strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from different biotopes of Algeria and Mauritania were tested on MRS medium supplemented with lipidic substrates. Five of them showed maximum activity in the presence of tributyrin; the activity is therefore a tributyrin esterase. These strains were identified by MALDI-TOF in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus durans. The study...
Genetic diversity for immature pod traits in Ethiopian cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] landrace collections
April 2020
This study was undertaken to evaluate the extent and pattern of genetic diversity for immature pod traits in Ethiopia cowpea landrace collections. Eighty one landraces and improved cultivars were tested in a 9 x 9 simple lattice design. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant (P<0.01) or significant (p<0.05) differences among the genotypes for all traits. The first four principal components were able to...
Algae: Potential biotechnological source in the Arabian Gulf
April 2020
Arabian Gulf is characterized by being nutrient-rich, which contributes to the biodiversity of marine macro- and microalgae. Marine algae are a potentially prolific source of many valuable products that may represent useful leads in developing the quality of human life. The studies on the bioactivity of marine algae in the Arabian Gulf region are very recent; thus, there are not many studies on this field. This review...
Estimates of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for agronomic and yield traits in soybean (Glycine max L.)
April 2020
A study with 20 soybean genotypes was conducted in 2015 and 2016 to determine the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for some agronomic and yield traits in some soybean genotypes for selection criteria in a breeding programme. The field experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant variation among...
Effects of Ambrosia maritima (Damsissa) ethanolic extract on phenylhydrazine hydrochloride-induced anaemia in rabbits (Lepus cuniculus)
April 2020
This work was performed to evaluate the anti-anaemic activity of the ethanolic extract of Ambrosia maritima (Damsissa) in phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (PHZ)-induced anaemia in rabbits. Twenty-five adult rabbits of different sexes were equally divided into 5 groups. The induction of anaemia was performed by subcutaneous administration of PHZ at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight and maintained a dose of 15 mg/kg body...
Descriptive sensory evaluation of “gari” produced from fermentation of cassava using some selected Rhizopus species
April 2020
Two local varieties of cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) pulps named “okoiyawo” and “odongbo” were fermented with pure Rhizopus oligosporus, R. nigricans and R. oryzae. The products were subsequently processed in to “gari” (a roasted fermented cassava meal), the form in which it is popularly consumed in Nigeria. The selected process variables are cassava varieties, starter culture...
Evaluation of the physical properties of leathers tanned with Plectranthus barbatus Andrews extracts
March 2020
This study was designed to assess the potential use of Plectranthus barbatus Andrews, a plant growing locally in Kenya as a vegetable tanning agent. The aim was a deliberate attempt to adopt green chemistry and provide cheap locally available eco-friendly tanning materials. Anova statistical test (α<0.05) was used to compare the physical properties of leather tanned with three kinds of liquors made from the...
MiR-124 involvement of apoptosis, immunity and regulator of diseases
March 2020
Most microRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding, conserved RNA molecules in vertebrates, and their roles are similar and very important. MiRNAs usually have tissue-specific expression, and abnormal levels of miRNAs have been associated with diseases and have been used as disease biomarkers. MiRNAs are widely involved in biological processes by regulating target mRNAs. MiR-124 is one of the best studied miRNAs in organisms. By...
Association of probiotic potential of strains of Pichia kudriavzevii isolated from “ogi” with the number of open reading frame (ORF) in the nucleotide sequences
March 2020
In this study, a total of 9 morphologically and biochemically different yeast species were isolated from Nigerian fermented food product, ‘ogi’. These yeast species were screened for probiotic properties such as antibacterial activities, acid and bile tolerance. Six species out of the yeast isolates that survived pH 2 were grown in 0.3% bile salts which were monitored by spectrophotometer for 5 h. Three...
Immobilization of the Carioca bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) extract on SiO2-TiO2 aiming the determination of the herbicide Simazine
February 2020
Pesticides are identified as hazardous contaminants due to high toxicity and persistence in the environment. In this context, it is necessary to monitor these pollutants in the environment in situ, with the use of low cost analytical techniques and of quick response. Biosensors are presented as a complementary analytical tool to more complex techniques, such as chromatography. The present work aims to develop, in a...
Isolation of ursolic acid from the leaves of Ocimum lamiifolium collected from Addis Ababa Area, Ethiopia
February 2020
Ocimum lamiifolium is a well known medicinal plant in Ethiopia. Fresh leaves of the plant are squeezed and sniffed to treat colds and coughs and as an eye rinse for eye infections, while crushed leaves are used to arrest nose bleeding. In this study phytochemical investigation on the methanol extracts of this plant collected from Addis Ketema subcity, Addis Ababa. A triterpene, namely ursolic acid, was isolated using...
Morpho-molecular screening of wheat genotypes for heat tolerance
February 2020
Wheat (Triticum aesum L.) production in Bangladesh is often impaired by heat stress. Therefore, it has been a priority to develop heat tolerant wheat variety for Bangladesh. An investigation was carried out to evaluate locally cultivated wheat genotypes for heat tolerance based on morpho-physiological and molecular markers. A pot experiment was carried out with ten locally cultivated wheat genotypes. Heat treatment was...
Genetic diversity among Ethiopian sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] gene bank accessions as revealed by SSR markers
February 2020
The presence of genetic variation in plant populations is useful for conservation and use in breeding programs. This study was conducted to estimate the extent and patterns of genetic diversity among 200 sorghum accessions collected from different parts of Ethiopia and preserved in a gene bank. Using 39 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, which were previously mapped, 261 alleles were produced with...
Introduction of the exotic breeds and cross breeding of local chicken in Ethiopia and solution to genetic erosion: A review
February 2020
This study reviews the introduction of the exotic breeds and cross breeding of local chicken in Ethiopia, solution to genetic erosion and needs for conservation with aim of delivering in the short form and clear information for beneficiaries and to whom it may concern. Poultry production and its product consumption are progressively increasing globally. In Ethiopia, chicken production plays a great role as a primary...
Effect of methanolic extract of Dennettia tripetala (pepper fruit) on biomarkers of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in type 2 diabetic male wistar rats
February 2020
Oxidative stress resulting from chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes is due to high production of reactive oxygen species and/or a decrease in the antioxidant defense system activity. The study was designed to investigate the ameliorative effect of methanolic extract of Dennettia tripetala (DT) on oxidative stress and blood glucose level in type II diabetic male Wistar rats. Type II diabetes was induced by a single...
Effectiveness of solid carriers on multiplication of bradyrhizobium mutant strain and nodulation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L)
February 2020
Effective nodulation of legume is usually solid carriers dependent. Peat, the most effective solid carrier is not readily available in Nigeria, hence, alternative solid carriers were evaluated with Bradyrhizobium strains using cowpea as a test crop. Mutant strains (USDA 3384 and USDA 3451) were evaluated in the laboratory using solid carriers and pot experiments. The survival (multiplication), infectivity and nodulating...
Chemical and physico-chemical characterization of seeds of melon cultivars: Valenciano and Pele de Sapo, cultivated in the Amazon
February 2020
The aim of this work was to perform chemical and physical-chemical analyzes of the oil of the cultivars Valenciano Amarelo melon (VA) and Pele de Sapo melon (PS) (Cucumis melo L.) produced in Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil, by GC -FID, IR, 1H NMR and the thermogravimetric behavior TG/DTG as well as yield of that obtained oil. Thus, the oil yield of Valenciano melon seeds was 28.47% and that of Pele de Sapo melon was 26.41%....
Analytical quantification of copper in frogs (Rana tigrina) found from various aquatic habitats
February 2020
This study focused on the quantitative determination of Cu metal in various physical parts of frogs by using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry technique). Cu was measured (2.72±0.77 µg/g) in kidney of Rana tigrina captured from industrial site and in R. tigrina captured from non-industrial site (28.10±27.02 µg/g). Similarly, 27.56±9.92 µg/g Cu was discovered in liver of R. tigrina...
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