September 2018
Genetic diversity of seed storage protein in the Ethiopian garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.)
The Ethiopian garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) is an important crop extensively used as food and medicine. In this study, total seed storage proteins of 112 garden cress genotypes collected from diverse growing regions in Ethiopia were investigated to assess patterns of genetic diversity and relationships. Using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), a total of 1774 stable protein bands...
September 2018
Identification and evaluation of secondary metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in native strains of Trichoderma species
Trichoderma species is a heterotrophic saprobion organism, which competes with other microorganisms, preventing them from developing. This fungus has mechanisms of action, among which are: production of antibiotics and metabolites, and hyperparasitism, which also promotes the induction of systemic resistance in plants. In this study, five native Trichoderma strains which were collected from agricultural land in...
September 2018
Heterozygote polymorphisms of ARG16GLY and GLN27GLU ADRB2 gene is risk protective for obesity in Javanese population of Indonesia
The relationship between obesity and insulin resistance is influenced by various factors, including genetics. ADRB2 gene polymorphisms of Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu showed inconsistent results toward obesity and insulin resistance in some populations. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of the genetic polymorphisms of Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu of the ADRB2 gene and to analyze risk factors for obesity and insulin...
September 2018
The technological influence of the different methods of extraction on the initial concentration of thymol in the essential oil of thyme (Thymus satureioides)
The present study deals with the influence of the technological factor in relation to the technique used for the extraction of essential oil of thyme, its chemical composition, and in particular, the concentration of thymol as the principal chemo-typical active substance of this variety of thyme from the Moroccan High Atlas. The working protocol includes the extraction of the essential oil by three different methods...
September 2018
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentiality of Solanum xanthocarpum
Inflammation is the body’s immune response to combat suspected harmful effect by a stimulus. Antioxidants prevent chain of reaction that would result in the production of free radicals. Prolonged usage of steroids as anti-inflammatory agents is unsafe, demanding search for anti-inflammatory compounds with sustainable future. In this study, seeds and leaves of Solanum xanthocarpum were explored in vitro for their...
September 2018
Evaluation of the effects of plant aqueous extracts as anti-diabetic agents on alloxan induced diabetic male rabbits
This study investigates the effect of barley (Hordeum vulgare), black plum (Syzygium cumini) and Chinese tree leaves (Pistacia chinesis) aqueous extracts on serum glucose, cholesterol, urea, uric acid level and body weight of normal and alloxan-induced diabetic male rabbits. Rabbits were kept in fasting condition for 12 h, then diabetes was induced using alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/Kg) . From the 7th day of...
September 2018
Genetic diversity in Radix species from the middle and south of Iraq based on simple sequence repeats
Ten newly developed microsatellite loci were isolated from an AG20 and CAG20 enriched genomic DNA library of Radix sp. from Iraq. The simple sequence repeats (SSR) comprised 76.0% di-, 20.0% tri- and 4.0% tetra-nucleotide repeats. The number of alleles for all 10 loci ranged from 4 to 18, with a mean of 11.3 alleles per locus. The observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) values varied from 0.286 to 0.8670.927...
September 2018
Antioxidant activity of essential oil of three cultivars of Amomum subulatum and standardization of high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the estimation of 1,8-cineole
Essential oils of the fruits of three cultivars of Amomum subulatum (Family-Zingiberaceae), such as varlangy, seremna and sawney were isolated. Antioxidant potential was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging and FeCl3-reducing models and the presence of 1,8-Cineole was quantified using the developed high performance thin...
September 2018
Reduction of organic load from palm oil mill effluent (POME) using selected fungal strains isolated from POME dump sites
Environmental concerns are becoming important global tasks. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) contains oil and grease and also rich in organic matter in the form of total suspended solids which can increase biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of POME. It is generated in huge quantities during the production of crude palm oil and pollutes land, water and atmosphere if left untreated. The current...
September 2018
Variation of concentrations of thymol and carvacrol in the essential oil of thymus satureoides during aging
The aim of this work is to do a stability study of two chemo-typical active ingredients (thymol and carvacrol) of the essential oil of thyme “Thymus satureoides” collected from Azilal Region, Morocco. Specimen identification was performed for the raw obtained plant materials and the essential oil extraction carried out through initial and final chemical characterization of the essential oil - at t = 0...
August 2018
Simple and rapid detached leaf technique for screening common beans (Phaseolus vulgarise L.) in vitro against angular leaf spot (Pseudocercospora griseola) disease
A rapid and reliable detached-leaf technique was developed for screening common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes against angular leaf spot (ALS) disease caused by Pseudocercospora griseola. It is helpful to differentiate between susceptible and resistance common bean genotypes. Detached leaves of common bean tested genotypes were inoculated by immersing them into a spore suspension followed by placing into petri...
August 2018
Isolation and regeneration of protoplasts from leaf explants of Rhyncholaelia digbyana
A protocol for the isolation and regeneration of protoplasts from leaf explant of Rhyncholaelia digbyana is presented. The protoplasts were isolated using hemicellulase enzymes at 1.5, 2.25, and 3% (w/v), pectinase at 0.5 and 0.75% (w/v) and cellulase at 1 and 2% (w/v). Protoplast counting was carried out with a Neubauer camera and an optical microscope at 40X, and viability was determined with Evans blue dye at 0.025%...
August 2018
Detection of genetically modified DNA in processed maize and soybean products in Nigeria
Cultivation and commercial utilization of genetically modified (GM) crops has significantly increased in many parts of the world and particularly in developing countries where food security is a challenge. Despite stringent regulations requiring that food made from GM foods should be properly labelled, evidence of unlabelled foods made from GM crops sold in local markets in many of these countries is increasing. This...
August 2018
Preservative potentials of essential oils of three Nigerian spices in mixed fruit juice and their antioxidant capacity
The study was conducted to evaluate the preservative potentials of essential oils (EOs) of Piper guineense, Xylopica aethiopica and Tetrapleura tetraptera in mixed fruit juice and determine their antioxidant capacity. The preservative effect at varying concentrations was evaluated using S. cerevisiae, S. aureus and B. cereus as test isolates. The antioxidant properties were determined using 1,1-...
August 2018
Development and validation of a high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method for the quantification of rutin and isoquercetin in Morus nigra L. (Moraceae)
Morus nigra L. is widely used by the population of the São Francisco Valley (Brazil) for the treatment of several diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, arthritis etc. The objective of this study was to develop and validate an analytical method that is capable of identifing and quantifing flavonoids in the ethanolic crude extract (Mn-EtOH) and its ethyl acetate phase (Mn-AcOEt) obtained from M. nigra leaves...
August 2018
Effect of spices on the microbiological quality of Hibiscus sabdariffa (zobo) drink and molecular characterization of the associated spoilage organisms
Hibiscus sabdariffa drink (zobo) was preserved with three concentrations of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), ginger (Zingiber officinale) and mixture of cloves and ginger, respectively while the control had no spice. The bottled H. sabdariffa drink was stored at 28 ± 2°C for 16 days. The total bacteria and fungi counts were determined every 48 h during storage. Bacterial and fungal growths were not detected in...
August 2018
Camwood (Baphia nitida) alcoholic extract: A suitable counter stain for haematoxylin in the demonstration of liver and kidney histomorphology
The counter staining ability of Camwood (Baphia nitida) alcoholic extract and its electrostatic compatibility with haematoxylin was determined. One gram of locally sourced red paste was subjected to simple extraction in 100 ml of 70 and 95% alcohol, respectively. Primary staining of buffered formalin fixed, paraffin embedded liver and kidney tissues was done with haematoxylin followed by counter staining with extract...
August 2018
Genetic diversity among elite chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties of Ethiopia based on inter simple sequence repeat markers
The inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker was used in this study for genetic fingerprinting and identification of released chickpea varieties and for the determination of the genetic relationships among these cultivars. A total of 19 released chickpea varieties were subjected to ISSR analysis with the objective of evaluating the genetic diversity among the cultivars. A total of 20 ISSR primers were initially...
August 2018
In vitro regeneration of Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance, wild fruit of Niger
Neocarya macrophylla is a spontaneous fruit species that constitutes the dominant population of Dallol Bosso in Southwestern Niger. In order to test the in vitro regeneration ability of this species, micro-propagation was applied to micro-cuttings from young almond seedlings. The Murashige and Skoog basal medium was enriched with several concentrations of naphthaleneacetic...
August 2018
Biomanagement of Rose and carnation wastes in flower industries with three epigeic earthworm species: Eisenia fetida, Eisenia andrie and Dendrobanae veneta
The horticulture sector in Ethiopia is being challenged by multifaceted hitches, among which managing excess wastes produced from the farms and minimizing the cost of inorganic fertilizers are the major ones. The performance of three epigeic earthworm species, Eisenia fetida, Eisenia andrie and Dendrobanae veneta, in managing flower (Rose and Carnation) wastes through vermicomposting was evaluated. The study was done...
August 2018
Effect of sample extraction, preparation methods on HPLC quantification of plumbagin in in vivo and in vitro plant parts of Plumbago zeylanica L.
Plumbagin is an important therapeutic compound of Plumbago zeylanica L., the commercial demand of this compound warrants optimizing a suitable method to isolate plumbagin in large scale. The present study was undertaken to obtain the maximum recovery of plumbagin content by employing different extraction methods viz., ultra-assisted extraction (UAE), maceration extraction (ME), soxhlet extraction (SE), serial soxhlet...
August 2018
Co-expressing house fly cytochrome P450 6A1 and human cytochrome P450 reductase in Escherichia coli to bioconvert insecticide aldrin
Aldrin used in agricultural as well as industrial or home pest control is known to be a persistent organic pollutant, having chronic adverse effects on wildlife and humans. The degradation of aldrin has drawn a lot of attentions. In this study, house fly cytochrome P450 6A1 (CYP 6A1) or both house fly cytochrome P450 6A1 and human NADPH-P450 reductase (CPR) together was expressed in Escherichia coli cells to study their...
August 2018
Isolation and identification of bacterial endophytes from Crinum macowanii Baker
The widespread distribution of Crinum macowanii across the African continent has entrenched the plant’s medicinal usage in treating diverse diseases. While its phytochemistry is well established, its microbial symbionts and their utility have not been described. As such, five bacterial endophytes, viz. Staphylococcus species C2, Staphylococcus species C3, Bacillus species C4, Acinetobacter species C5 and...
August 2018
Nuclear isolation and purification using SDS/urea (NIPSU) method for efficient and rapid extraction of high-purity genomic DNAs from Jatropha curcas L: A comparative analysis of DNA isolation protocols
Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) has gained popularity for its potential use in biodiesel production in arid regions, and its yield improvement by molecular breeding has been anticipated. However, Jatropha is known for its recalcitrance in the extraction of pure genomic DNAs. In this study, four DNA extraction methods were comparatively examined for their efficiency and quality of genomic DNA isolations from Jatropha....
August 2018
Evaluation and comparison of staining effect of Punica granatum flower extract on testis and ovary of Wistar rats: First results
The evaluation and comparison of the staining effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum) flower extract (dye solution) on histological sections of rat testis and ovary provides a simple, quick technique for the visualisation of both cells. In the developed procedure, this work shows the staining effect of P. granatum flower extract used at different pH of dye bath and temperatures on the histological sections of rat testis...
August 2018
Circular RNA expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic, chronic autoimmune disease involving synovial inflammation and joint destruction. Lack of knowledge on RA pathogenesis hinders development of effective treatments. The aim of this study was to examine whether circular RNAs (circRNAs), which are involved in the development of other diseases, may also play a role in RA. Expression profiles of circRNAs were compared between...
August 2018
Comparative analysis of the chemical compositions of indigenous watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seeds from two districts in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Seeds from different indigenous watermelons were analysed for their chemical composition such as phenolics, proteins, oils, minerals, ash and fibre content as well as antioxidant activity measured in methanol extract using 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The morphological variations of watermelons, which revealed diversity in terms of fruit and seed colour were also assessed. Average percentages for lipid...
August 2018
Application of molecular and biotechnological techniques in plant disease management: A review
Plant diseases are a major challenge in crop production. They are caused by nematodes, bacteria, fungi, viruses as well as plant nutritional factors. Diseases interfere with the normal physiological and metabolic processes of plants. This results in various effects including wilting, stunting, yellowing and death of plant tissues and organs. Crop losses due to diseases manifest in form of reduced yield, poor quality...
August 2018
In vitro inhibitory potentials of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Hyptis suaveolens on fungi associated with postharvest spoilage of Brassica oleracea
The inhibitory potential of Hyptis suaveolens leaf and root extracts on fungi associated with postharvest spoilage of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) was examined. Collection of diseased cabbage was done in sterile sample bags . Isolation of fungi was carried out by inoculating small sections of diseased tissues excised from the cabbages unto Petri-dishes containing Acidified Potato Dextrose Agar (APDA)....
August 2018
Technological properties and sugar tolerance performance of palm wine yeasts isolated from parts of Nsukka, Nigeria
The ability of yeasts to survive and produce significant ethanol in high sugar medium and high ethanol environment is essential for the use of such yeasts in industrial and edible ethanol production. Four Saccharomyces spp. strains () isolated from palm wine and an industrial strain were studied in high glucose medium for ethanol production and ability to survive in high sugar medium. Saccharomyces cerevisiae...
August 2018
Genetic variability, heritability and expected genetic advance of yield and yield related traits in common bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Abaya and Yabello, Southern Ethiopia
This experiment was conducted to evaluate 36 common bean genotypes including seven released varieties to generate information on the extent of genetic variability, heritability and expected genetic advance of yield and yield related traits. The field experiment was conducted in 2015 at two locations (Abaya and Yabello) and genotypes were planted in triple lattice design. Data were collected on yield and important...
July 2018
Biotransformation of the residual liquid from the wet coffee benefit by Kluyveromyces marxianus
The search for biotechnological alternatives for the use of residuals generated in the agro-industrial processing of coffee is a current problem. This study evaluated the biotransformation of the liquid residual of the humid coffee benefit using the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus CCEBI 2011. It was demonstrated that this strain is able to effectively use the reducing and neutral sugars in 24 h, for a yield of 40% in the...
July 2018
Evaluation of Curcuma zerumbet (Zingibaraceae) rhizome extracts sub-acute toxicity on Wistar rats
Plant extracts have been lately used by the population to treat various types of diseases, and this has been notably encouraged by the World Health Organization (WHO). Curcuma zerumbet (Zingiberaceae) belonging to the family of the Zingiberaceae, is herbaceous, perennial and, utilized by the population to treat gastric disorders. However, data on the subacute toxicity of this species are scarce in the literature....
July 2018
Biosurfactant production by Bacillus subtilis UFPEDA 86 using papaya (Carica papaya L.) waste as substrate: Viability studies and pH influence of the culture medium
Biosurfactants are surface-active compounds derived from microorganisms and offer several advantages over chemical surfactants, such as low toxicity, good biodegradability and ecological acceptability. Even though interest in biosurfactants is increasing, these bioproducts do not compete economically with synthetic surfactants due to the overall costs of the bioprocess. The use of inexpensive raw materials is an...
July 2018
Rapid and efficient plant regeneration from shoot apical meristems of finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] via direct organogenesis
A simple and efficient plant regeneration system via direct organogenesis was established in finger millet using in vitro derived shoot apical meristems. Six varieties; GBK-043128, GBK-043094, GBK-043050, GBK-043137, GBK-043122 and GBK-043124 were evaluated. MS medium was used for cotyledonary germination. Maximum number of shoots (84.33%) was observed in variety GBK-043128 while GBK-043094 had the least germination...
July 2018
Assessment of morphological characteristics among upland rice (Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima) germplasm
Rice is an important staple food crop that feeds over half of the global population and has become the cereal that provides a major source of calories for the urban and rural poor in Africa. This work aimed to evaluate the morphological of rice (Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima) germplasm. In the present study, 14 quantitative traits were used across 48 accessions or genotypes obtained from Central Agricultural...
July 2018
Potential evaluation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains from alcoholic fermentation of mango pulp
The fermentation characteristics of different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from sugar cane musts for the production of cachaça (Brazilian sugar cane spirit) and from beer musts were analyzed based on the kinetic parameters of alcoholic fermentation in mango pulp. The commercial pressed baker’s yeast was used as a standard inoculum. The results show that the yeast strains tested from sugar...
July 2018
Effects of aqueous seed extracts of Mucuna sloanei (Fabaceae) on body weight and some biochemical parameters of Rattus novergicus
Mucuna sloanei is an annual leguminous plant widely used among the various ethnic groups in Nigeria. The effects of aqueous M. sloanei seed extract on the body weight and some biochemical parameters of 48 normal male Rattus novergicus (albino rats) were investigated for 28 days. The rats were divided into control group (A) which received distilled water and treatment groups (B, C and D) that received oral administration...
July 2018
Effect of seasonal variations on the yield of essential oil and antioxidant of Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk) Sch. Bip
Temperature stress is becoming the major concern for plant scientists worldwide due to climate change. Temperature stress has devastating effects on plant growth and metabolism. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of climatic seasonal change on the yield and composition of essential oil of the plant, Achillea fragrantissima. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) used to analyze the essential...
July 2018
Phytochemical profile and biological activities of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae): A review
This study discusses the bioactive composition, supercritical fluid extraction and biological activities of Momordica charantia L. from the last five years. Numerous compounds that have been identified in the extracts of M. charantia, including phytosterols, terpenoids, fatty acids, phenolic compounds, phenolic acids and flavonoids were also discussed. Although, several studies reported the use of organic solvents in...
July 2018
Enhancement of somaclonal variations and genetic diversity using graphite nanoparticles (GtNPs) in sweet potato plants
To assay the efficiency of graphite nanoparticles (GtNPs) in sterilizing tissues and their role in enhancing genetic diversity, sweet potato is considered an important crop; hence its explants were used. In this experiment, GtNPs of 200, 400 and 800 ppm concentrations were used for sterilization of MS callus induction and regeneration media in Abees cultivar. The results showed that GtNPs had a good potential for...
July 2018
Comparative evaluation of the physicochemical and pasting properties of flour from three varieties of Brachystegia spp.
The chemical compositions, functional and pasting properties of flour from three varieties of Brachystegia spp. (Brachystegia eurycoma, Brachystegia nigerica and Brachystegia kennedy) were studied. Results show that the chemical compositions of flour samples ranged from12.31 to 12.67% (protein), 1.66 to 1.72% (crude fiber), 2.06 to 2.39% (ash), 7.18 to 8.45% (fat), 3.85 to 4.75% (sugar) and 58.45 to 59.62% (starch)....
July 2018
Molecular diagnosis of phytoplasma transmission from zygotic embryos to in vitro regenerated plants of coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.)
The aim of this study was to investigate the transmission of the lethal yellowing disease (LYD) of coconut tree caused by a phytoplasma from the zygotic embryo to the regenerated plantlet in vitro. From a total of 30 trees, 150 mature coconut nuts where harvested. These nuts were used to extract 150 zygotic embryos. From this package, 96 zygotic embryos were used to regenerate 96 young coconut seedlings in vitro and the...
July 2018
Antimicrobial activity of metabolites extracted from Zanthoxylum gilletii, Markhamia lutea and their endophytic fungi against common bean bacterial pathogens
Antibacterial activity of extracts of Zanthoxylum gilletii, Markhamia lutea and their fungal endophytes were evaluated against bacterial pathogens of common bean: Xanthomonus axonopodis pv. phaseoli and Pseudomonus syringae pv. phaseolicola. The leaves of both plants were dried under shade, ground to fine powder and extracted using methanol. The methanol extracts were fractionated sequentially using ethylacetate and...
June 2018
Activation of TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway and production of diverse cytokines in the incidence and development of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Aspergillus fumigatus is a common saprophytic fungus in the air. It can cause a severe infectious disease called invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). To establish the activation of TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) model of wild type mouse, three groups of mouse were used in the study; the normal mice; mice infected with A. fumigatus conidia; IPA mouse infected with A....
June 2018
Bio-prospecting of macro-algae for potential industrial dyes
Synthetic dyes have been used for different purposes in various fields, but their continued usage has presented both environmental and health challenges. Therefore, alternative safer dye sources are inevitable. Algae have different pigments with potential for exploitation and usage in different socio-economic sectors. The aim of this study was to bio prospect dyes from macro-algal species of the Indian Ocean marine...
June 2018
Diversity and genetic identity of pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] in Tanzania based on microsatellite markers
Pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] is an important fruit crop cultivated in Tanzania. However, the knowledge on genetic diversity of the pineapple cultivars grown in Tanzania is limited. This study was aimed at determining the genetic diversity and identity of pineapple cultivars from different growing regions in Tanzania using microsatellite markers also known as simple sequence repeat marker (SSR). Ten of the 18...
June 2018
Alternative markers linked to the Phg-2 angular leaf spot resistance locus in common bean using the Phaseolus genes marker database
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is a rich source of protein, vitamins, and micronutrients and is an important crop for food security throughout Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Among tropical and subtropical regions of the world, where the majority of beans are grown, yield losses due to the pathogenic fungus Pseudocercospora griseola, causing angular leaf spot (ALS), can be as high as 80%. The strategic use of...
June 2018
Studies on styrene concentration in drinking water and hot beverages in some settings
Water bottles and cups composed of polystyrene also contain non-polymerized styrene. Styrene’s toxicological profile is associated with several health issues for humans. Mainly, the central and peripheral nervous systems are highly disturbed by styrene ingestion. Styrene is also considered to be a carcinogenic agent and has been linked to cancer. The HPLC method was validated through prepared QC samples. The HPLC...
June 2018
Microsatellites markers associated with resistance to flower bud thrips in a cowpea F2 population derived from genotypes TVU-123 and WC36
Breeding for resistance to flower bud thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti) in cowpea has been hindered by the quantitative nature of resistance. To identify simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers associated with resistance to flower bud thrips that could be used for marker-assisted breeding, a F2 population was generated from a cross between genotypes TVU-123 (resistant) and WC36 (susceptible). The population was evaluated...
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