January 2019
Decolourization of synthetic dyes by laccase enzyme produced by Kluyveromyces dobzhanskii DW1 and Pichia manshurica DW2
Industrialization has come with environmental challenges. Industries like paper, printing, textile, leather and so on widely use chemical dyes whose waste treatment or degradability is difficult. Among various methods employed, the use of microbial enzymes is the most effective. The study aimed at producing laccase from identified yeast strains for potential industrial use in dye decolourization. Laccase produced by...
January 2019
Enhancement of anaerobic batch digestion of spineless cacti (Opuntia ficus indica) feedstock by aerobic pre-treatment
One of the best options for African countries to meet rural energy needs is to grow care-free crassulacean acid metabolism plants on a massive scale in waste lands. This can enable bioenergy production without disrupting food supplies and hence sustainable energy supply for the future. Opuntia ficus indica is an ideal plant for arid regimes but has barely been studied as a potential bioenergy source. This study...
January 2019
Evaluation of the diversity in qualitative traits of Bambara groundnut germplasm (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) of Côte d’Ivoire
The objectives of this study were to assess phenotypic diversity of Bambara groundnut germplasm from Côte d’Ivoire using qualitative traits and to understand the genetic diversity at different levels. Hundred and one accessions collected from four agro-ecological zones (central, eastern, northern, western) were characterized in a randomised complete block design with three replications. Thirteen qualitative...
December 2018
Degradation kinetics of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic and atrazine by Trametes versicolor (L.:Fr.) Pilát
The degradation kinetics of different sources of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) and atrazine by the natural strain Mo008 of the basidiomycete fungus Trametes versicolor (L.:Fr.) Pilát was studied, knowing that in this process the strain used produces an enzyme complex composed of manganese peroxidase (MnP), lignin peroxidase (LiP) and laccase, and the response on the global consumption rate and yield is...
December 2018
Isolation and characterization of Ralstonia solanacearum strains causing bacterial wilt of potato in Nakuru County of Kenya
In Africa, cultivation of potato (Solanum tuberosum) represents an important food source and income generation. However, its productivity is constrained by biotic and abiotic stresses. Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is an important constraint to the world potato industry. In Kenya, the disease affects 77% of potato farms causing yield losses of up to 100%. Control methods are limited mainly due to the...
December 2018
Dynamics of the concentration of the hormones triiodothyronine and thyroxine at the beginning of the reproductive season and the effect of application of iodine in Nelore heifers bred in pasture
The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) hormones, their relation with body condition score (BCS) and reproductive stage of 248 Nelore heifers, and the effect of iodine application on the induction of cyclicity of 217 anoestrus heifers in pasture at the beginning of the reproductive season. At day zero (D0), an assessment of the BCS was performed. An examination of...
December 2018
Comparison of antimicrobial properties of two spices commonly consumed in Nigeria and effect of temperature on their antioxidant properties
The study compared the antimicrobial activities of essential oils (EOs) from Piper guineense (Uziza) and Xylopica aethiopica (Uda) using diffusion and dilution assays, and evaluated their antioxidant properties at different temperatures. Comparison of the antimicrobial activities was determined using well-in-agar diffusion, disc diffusion and broth dilution methods against Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp and Bacillus...
December 2018
Effects of heat sources on the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in selected fish samples from Ogidingbe (Escravos Estuaries)
The riverine areas of the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria are popularly known for their smoked fish from both fresh and salt water. To the people living in these areas, smoking is a method of preservation as the fish is known to undergo spoilage within 8 h of harvest from its natural habitat; though not without the potential health hazard associated with smoked foods. During smoking, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons...
December 2018
Clausenidin upregulated p53 and caused apoptosis in HT-29 tumor cell lines
Clausenidin is a pyranocoumarin majorly found in medicinal herbs of the Rutaceae family used to treat cancer patients locally in Asia. The compound is presumed to have anti-cancer cell effect but its exact mechanism of action is still unknown. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of pure clausenidin on p53-mediated apoptosis as well as other cell death pathways in colon cancer (HT-29) cell lines. The...
December 2018
Quali-quantitative characterization of the honey from Myracrodruon urundeuva allemão (Anacardiceae - Aroeira): macroscopic, microscopic, physico-chemical and microbiological parameters
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the external and organoleptic characters, microscopic, physico-chemical, chromatic and microbiological parameters of the honey from Myracrodruon urundeuva allemão (Anacardiceae - Aroeira) of the Jequitinhonha River Valley / Brazil, in order to create its geographical indication. In the first stage a data survey was carried out to characterize the production of...
December 2018
Determination of trace elements and heavy metals content of green and black tea varieties consumed in Iran
The aim of the present study was to determine the level of selected heavy metals in green and black tea varieties consumed in Iran. Samples were prepared with the acid digestion method and measured by polarography. The mean concentration of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu was 0.505±1.632, 0.417±0.268, 0.325±0.249 and 4.151±3.739 mg/100 g for black tea, and 2.442±4.003, 0.284±0.198,...
December 2018
Marker-assisted pyramiding of Xa21 and Xa7 genes conferring resistance to bacterial leaf blight in indica cultivar Bacthom7
Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) of rice is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice fields. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is the causal agent of BLB. Two BLB resistance genes, Xa21 and Xa7, were transferred into the susceptible indica cultivar Bacthom7 (BT7) by using marker-assisted selection with markers pTA248 for Xa21 and ID7 for Xa7. Improved BT7 lines carrying the two resistance genes were inoculated...
December 2018
Superoxide dismutase activity and jasmonic acid during in vitro-ex vitro transition of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) micropropagated plantlets
Recent agriculture is characterized by intensive and cleaning productions, which need seeds with high quality in large quantities bonded by in vitro culture labs. Nevertheless, in vitro ex vitro transition and during acclimatization losses occur due to the death of plantlets unable to survive this abiotic stress. Reactive oxygen species production during jasmonic acid-induced changes of previous transition was...
December 2018
Preliminary study on rice straw degradation using microbial inoculant under shake flask condition
Abundance and unmanaged agriculture residues lead to unutilized resource waste and environmental pollution. Application of microbial technology to manage agriculture waste could produce value-added product. A preliminary study on biodegradation of rice straw using different potential microorganisms was tested under controlled environment. Three different inoculant cultures were used to observe their efficiency in rice...
December 2018
DNA extraction from silica gel-preserved common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) leaves
Extraction of non-degraded and contaminant-free DNA from field specimen requires collection under liquid nitrogen which is not readily available in resource constrained laboratories in low and middle income countries (LMICs). A method of extracting DNA from silica gel-preserved common bean (Proteus vulgaris L.) leaves is presented. The method, which does not involve the use of phenol, chloroform or isoamyl alcohol also...
November 2018
Marker-assisted backcrossing for associating nutritional quality to drought tolerance in barley
Backcross breeding enhanced by marker assisted selection is currently the most powerful method used to transfer one or a few genes controlling specific traits from one line into another. This method was used to cross naked barley variety, “Tombari” known as A, having high nutritional quality with hulled variety, “Giza131” called B, highly tolerant to drought. The objective of this work is to...
November 2018
Identification and mapping of quantitative trait loci associated with soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) resistance in genotype UG 5
Soybean rust, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is one of the most serious and widespread foliar diseases of soybean causing high yield losses world-wide. The objective of this study was to identify and map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) resistant to soybean rust in genotype UG 5. Ninety-seven F2 mapping plants, obtained from a cross between Wondersoya and UG 5, were used for this study. Quantitative trait locus analysis using QTL...
November 2018
Characterization of fifteen microsatellite loci and genetic diversity analysis for the Ghanaian food security crop Solenostemon rotundifolius (Frafra potato)
Frafra potato (Solenostemon rotundifolius) is an important food crop indigenous to Western Africa and a member of the Labiaceae (mint) family. It is nutrient-rich and drought tolerant; however, despite its potential as a food security crop, it has not received the research support needed to promote its widespread adoption and safeguard its diversity. As a result, Frafra potato is becoming extinct and restricted to...
November 2018
Evaluation of genetic diversity of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) landraces from West Africa using microsatellite markers
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is an important staple food crop, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of West Africa. However, the genetic diversity of pearl millet in these regions is poorly understood, and yet it is useful in identification of landmarks for in situ germplasm conservation and breeding programs, particularly in establishment of heterotic groups. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess...
November 2018
Comparison of four DNA extraction methods in Heliconia (Heliconia L.)
Molecular analysis in plants requires the use of high quality DNA. Currently, there are a myriad of DNA extraction protocols, which still seems that their applicability across different species is not straightforward. The aim of the present study was to evaluate four different cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-based DNA extraction protocols for Heliconia species from lyophilized fully mature leaves. A split-plot...
October 2018
Bioremediation potentials of sunflower and Pseudomonas species in soil contaminated with lead and zinc
This study was conducted to assess the ability of sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) inoculated with Pseudomonas species to remediate soils contaminated with heavy metals (lead and zinc). The contaminants were added to 20 kg soil in pots as lead nitrate (Pb (NO3)2) and zinc nitrate (Zn (NO3)2); 400 mg/l metal concentrations were added to 20 kg soil in pots. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design...
October 2018
Applications of genomic copy number variations on livestock: A review
Genomic copy number variations (CNVs) have significantly modified genomic regions during inversions, translocations, duplications and deletions that keep shaping phenotypic variation through changes in gene dosage, regulation and transcript structure. The objective of this review was to discuss the current application of CNVs on domestication, adaptations, productions, coat colour, morphology and diseases of livestock,...
October 2018
Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of cowpea rhizobia from soils of Ethiopia
Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of cowpea rhizobia indigenous to soils of Ethiopia are unknown. Forty indigenous cowpea rhizobial isolates were collected from cowpea-growing areas of the country and were characterized for their growth and genetic properties. Based on their cultural characteristics, the isolates were categorized into fast (FG), slow (SG), and extraslow-growings (ESG). The FG, SG, and ESG...
October 2018
Propolis as natural additive: A systematic review
Propolis extract is a resin collected by the bees and contains numerous active substances with a recognized pharmaceutical potential use. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of studies with the use of propolis as a food additive and the microencapsulation technology for incorporation of the product in food. Studies in Portuguese, English and Spanish were identified from online databases, Lilacs,...
October 2018
Anti-diabetic and some haematological effects of aqueous and ethanol leaf extract of Eriosema psoraleoides in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats
This study investigates the anti-diabetic and some hematological effects of aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of Eriosema psoraleoides in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Forty-eight albino mice were used for the lethal dose (LD50) study, while twenty-eight Wistar rats were used for the diabetic and haematological study. The result of the phytochemical analysis shows some important phytochemicals that could confer...
October 2018
Comparative survey of three processes used for the extraction of total phenol content and total flavonoid content of Anacardium occidentale L. and the assessment of its antioxidant activity
Three processes were used for the extraction of total phenol and total flavonoid contents of Anacardium occidentale L. and to determine its antioxidant activity. Whatever the extraction process was, the total flavonoid and total phenol contents were of the same order. With the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), 666.07 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g dry matter (DM) of total phenol content was obtained from the...
October 2018
Resveratrol inhibits cell viability and proliferation via apoptotic pathways in ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer is the most common female malignancy and the main cause of death from gynecological malignancies. Resveratrol (3,4,5 tri-hydroxystilbene) is a phytoalexin and a polyphenolic compound present in human dietary material such as peanuts, mulberries, grapes and red wine. We demonstrated that resveratrol depressed the proliferation of HO8910PM cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner in vitro (P <...
September 2018
Next-generation sequencing platforms for latest livestock reference genome assemblies
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) or high-throughput sequencing platforms refers to different modern sequencing technologies that allow scientist to sequence millions to billions of reads (base pairs) in a single, much more quicker and cheaper cost than the previously used Sanger (first generation) sequencing method. Next-generation sequencing platforms classified as second generation sequencing platforms which require...
September 2018
The effect of different nutrient media on in vitro shoot and root proliferation of Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews
Murashige and Skoog (MS), Knudson C (KC) and Vacin and Went (VW) nutrient media are among the most widely used for micropropagation of orchid species. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of these growth media on in vitro shoot and root proliferation of Vanilla planifolia by using nodal segment as explants. Three different media; Murashige and Skoog (MS), Knudson C (KC) and Vacin and Went (VW) were...
September 2018
Genetic diversity of blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) in selected counties in Kenya using simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers
Genetic diversity of blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) is essential for efficient breeding and improvement of its pomological traits and yield. In this research, simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were used to determine the genetic diversity of 90 blackberry accessions collected from six different counties in Kenya. From 11 SSR markers used to genotype the blackberry accessions, a total of 127 alleles were generated....
September 2018
Characterization of fluorescent Pseudomonas from Oryza sativa L. rhizosphere with antagonistic activity against Pyricularia oryzae (SACC.)
The aim of this work was to select and characterize native Cuban fluorescent Pseudomonas from the rhizosphere of Oryza sativa with in vitro and in vivo antagonistic activity against Pyricularia oryzae. A total of 200 isolates were recovered with the typical growth and cultural characteristics of fluorescent Pseudomonas. The results showed that 12.5% of total isolates were capable of inhibiting mycelial growth, with...
September 2018
Chromium (III) and its effects on soil microbial activities and phytoremediation potentials of Arachis hypogea and Vigna unguiculata
The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of chromium (III) nitrate on soil microbial activities and growth performance and phytoremediation potentials of two staple leguminous crops, namely cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea). Pristine sandy loam soil samples were polluted with nitrate salts of chromium (III) at four different levels (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) in triplicates. There...
September 2018
Phytochemical and proximate composition of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fruit from Nsukka, Nigeria
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is very common, cultivated throughout the world and often eaten as a raw vegetable without cooking. In this study, the phytochemical and proximate compositions of cucumber were investigated. Quantitative phytochemical analysis of the homogenate of C. sativus fruit showed that reducing sugars (574.36 ± 3.88 mg/g) was highest amount when compared to other phytochemicals, alkaloids...
September 2018
Trichoderma atroviride 102C1: A promising mutant strain for the production of a β-glucosidase, -xylosidase and -L-arabinofuranosidase activities using agroindustrial by-products
Holocellulolytic accessory enzymes are very important in assisting hydrolysis of biomass. The use of these enzymes in the enzymatic hydrolysis of plant biomass is very important for obtaining building blocks in the concept of biorefinery. In previous studies, the mutant strain Trichoderma atroviride 102C1 was tested for production of endoglucanases, FPases and endoxylanases. This study aimed at evaluating the efficiency...
September 2018
Genetic diversity of seed storage protein in the Ethiopian garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.)
The Ethiopian garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) is an important crop extensively used as food and medicine. In this study, total seed storage proteins of 112 garden cress genotypes collected from diverse growing regions in Ethiopia were investigated to assess patterns of genetic diversity and relationships. Using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), a total of 1774 stable protein bands...
September 2018
Identification and evaluation of secondary metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in native strains of Trichoderma species
Trichoderma species is a heterotrophic saprobion organism, which competes with other microorganisms, preventing them from developing. This fungus has mechanisms of action, among which are: production of antibiotics and metabolites, and hyperparasitism, which also promotes the induction of systemic resistance in plants. In this study, five native Trichoderma strains which were collected from agricultural land in...
September 2018
Heterozygote polymorphisms of ARG16GLY and GLN27GLU ADRB2 gene is risk protective for obesity in Javanese population of Indonesia
The relationship between obesity and insulin resistance is influenced by various factors, including genetics. ADRB2 gene polymorphisms of Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu showed inconsistent results toward obesity and insulin resistance in some populations. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of the genetic polymorphisms of Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu of the ADRB2 gene and to analyze risk factors for obesity and insulin...
September 2018
The technological influence of the different methods of extraction on the initial concentration of thymol in the essential oil of thyme (Thymus satureioides)
The present study deals with the influence of the technological factor in relation to the technique used for the extraction of essential oil of thyme, its chemical composition, and in particular, the concentration of thymol as the principal chemo-typical active substance of this variety of thyme from the Moroccan High Atlas. The working protocol includes the extraction of the essential oil by three different methods...
September 2018
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentiality of Solanum xanthocarpum
Inflammation is the body’s immune response to combat suspected harmful effect by a stimulus. Antioxidants prevent chain of reaction that would result in the production of free radicals. Prolonged usage of steroids as anti-inflammatory agents is unsafe, demanding search for anti-inflammatory compounds with sustainable future. In this study, seeds and leaves of Solanum xanthocarpum were explored in vitro for their...
September 2018
Evaluation of the effects of plant aqueous extracts as anti-diabetic agents on alloxan induced diabetic male rabbits
This study investigates the effect of barley (Hordeum vulgare), black plum (Syzygium cumini) and Chinese tree leaves (Pistacia chinesis) aqueous extracts on serum glucose, cholesterol, urea, uric acid level and body weight of normal and alloxan-induced diabetic male rabbits. Rabbits were kept in fasting condition for 12 h, then diabetes was induced using alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/Kg) . From the 7th day of...
September 2018
Genetic diversity in Radix species from the middle and south of Iraq based on simple sequence repeats
Ten newly developed microsatellite loci were isolated from an AG20 and CAG20 enriched genomic DNA library of Radix sp. from Iraq. The simple sequence repeats (SSR) comprised 76.0% di-, 20.0% tri- and 4.0% tetra-nucleotide repeats. The number of alleles for all 10 loci ranged from 4 to 18, with a mean of 11.3 alleles per locus. The observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) values varied from 0.286 to 0.8670.927...
September 2018
Antioxidant activity of essential oil of three cultivars of Amomum subulatum and standardization of high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the estimation of 1,8-cineole
Essential oils of the fruits of three cultivars of Amomum subulatum (Family-Zingiberaceae), such as varlangy, seremna and sawney were isolated. Antioxidant potential was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging and FeCl3-reducing models and the presence of 1,8-Cineole was quantified using the developed high performance thin...
September 2018
Reduction of organic load from palm oil mill effluent (POME) using selected fungal strains isolated from POME dump sites
Environmental concerns are becoming important global tasks. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) contains oil and grease and also rich in organic matter in the form of total suspended solids which can increase biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of POME. It is generated in huge quantities during the production of crude palm oil and pollutes land, water and atmosphere if left untreated. The current...
September 2018
Variation of concentrations of thymol and carvacrol in the essential oil of thymus satureoides during aging
The aim of this work is to do a stability study of two chemo-typical active ingredients (thymol and carvacrol) of the essential oil of thyme “Thymus satureoides” collected from Azilal Region, Morocco. Specimen identification was performed for the raw obtained plant materials and the essential oil extraction carried out through initial and final chemical characterization of the essential oil - at t = 0...
August 2018
Simple and rapid detached leaf technique for screening common beans (Phaseolus vulgarise L.) in vitro against angular leaf spot (Pseudocercospora griseola) disease
A rapid and reliable detached-leaf technique was developed for screening common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes against angular leaf spot (ALS) disease caused by Pseudocercospora griseola. It is helpful to differentiate between susceptible and resistance common bean genotypes. Detached leaves of common bean tested genotypes were inoculated by immersing them into a spore suspension followed by placing into petri...
August 2018
Isolation and regeneration of protoplasts from leaf explants of Rhyncholaelia digbyana
A protocol for the isolation and regeneration of protoplasts from leaf explant of Rhyncholaelia digbyana is presented. The protoplasts were isolated using hemicellulase enzymes at 1.5, 2.25, and 3% (w/v), pectinase at 0.5 and 0.75% (w/v) and cellulase at 1 and 2% (w/v). Protoplast counting was carried out with a Neubauer camera and an optical microscope at 40X, and viability was determined with Evans blue dye at 0.025%...
August 2018
Detection of genetically modified DNA in processed maize and soybean products in Nigeria
Cultivation and commercial utilization of genetically modified (GM) crops has significantly increased in many parts of the world and particularly in developing countries where food security is a challenge. Despite stringent regulations requiring that food made from GM foods should be properly labelled, evidence of unlabelled foods made from GM crops sold in local markets in many of these countries is increasing. This...
August 2018
Preservative potentials of essential oils of three Nigerian spices in mixed fruit juice and their antioxidant capacity
The study was conducted to evaluate the preservative potentials of essential oils (EOs) of Piper guineense, Xylopica aethiopica and Tetrapleura tetraptera in mixed fruit juice and determine their antioxidant capacity. The preservative effect at varying concentrations was evaluated using S. cerevisiae, S. aureus and B. cereus as test isolates. The antioxidant properties were determined using 1,1-...
August 2018
Development and validation of a high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method for the quantification of rutin and isoquercetin in Morus nigra L. (Moraceae)
Morus nigra L. is widely used by the population of the São Francisco Valley (Brazil) for the treatment of several diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, arthritis etc. The objective of this study was to develop and validate an analytical method that is capable of identifing and quantifing flavonoids in the ethanolic crude extract (Mn-EtOH) and its ethyl acetate phase (Mn-AcOEt) obtained from M. nigra leaves...
August 2018
Effect of spices on the microbiological quality of Hibiscus sabdariffa (zobo) drink and molecular characterization of the associated spoilage organisms
Hibiscus sabdariffa drink (zobo) was preserved with three concentrations of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), ginger (Zingiber officinale) and mixture of cloves and ginger, respectively while the control had no spice. The bottled H. sabdariffa drink was stored at 28 ± 2°C for 16 days. The total bacteria and fungi counts were determined every 48 h during storage. Bacterial and fungal growths were not detected in...
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