November 2016
Molecular epidemiology of foot and mouth disease, bluetongue and pest de petites ruminants in Algeria: Historical perspective, diagnosis and control
Molecular tools have become an increasingly important part of studying the epidemiology of infectious agents. These tools have allowed the aetiological agent within a population to be diagnosed rapidly with a greater degree of efficiency and accuracy than conventional diagnostic tools. They have enhanced understanding into the pathogenicity and virulence of the aetiological agent and subsequent deployment of appropriate...
November 2016
Chlorophyll, nitrogen and antioxidant activities in Cumaru (Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd) (Fabaceae) in two water regimes
The Cumaru (Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd.) is a species used by traditional populations and industries using timber and non-timber forest products. This study aimed to analyze the levels of chlorophyll A, B, total ammonia levels, nitrate, proline, electrolyte leakage and activity of oxidative enzymes in evaluation to tolerance of cumaru plants subjected to drought for 21 days of stress. The experiment was conducted in...
November 2016
Enhancement of yield and nutritional value of soybean sprouts by persimmon fruit powder
Large amount of soybean sprouts has been produced for human consumption in Korea for a long time. Various techniques and production methods have been implied to enhance the quality and yield of soybean sprouts. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of persimmon fruit powder treatment on yield and nutritional value of soybean sprouts. The sprout yield was increased by 16% with the addition of...
November 2016
In vitro direct organogenesis in response to floral reversion in lily
Our previous study indicated that the tiger lily (Lilium lancifolium var. Flore Pleno) has a great ability to produce inflorescence bulbils in nature as a form of natural phenomenon of floral reversion in plants. This present research was carried out to investigate the artificial floral reversion in in vitro culture of two lilies (Asiatic hybrid cv.”Black out"), and (Lilium longiflorum cv "White...
November 2016
Genetic diversity and population structure of maize landraces from Côte d’Ivoire
Maize (Zea mays L.) occupies an important place among food crops in Côte d’Ivoire. However, no study on the genetic diversity of the species has been performed to date. This study aims at analyzing the diversity and genetic structure of 35 maize accessions using 10 microsatellite markers. These accessions are from different agro-ecological zones representative of the Ivorian territory. The results showed...
November 2016
Molecular genetic diversity in a core of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) clones with potential for selection of disease resistance, plant height and fruit production
This study aimed to assess the genetic variability in groups of 11 clones of Theobroma cacao L., from different geographical regions, based on microsatellite markers, with the interest to characterize germplasm for breeding. The products of the amplification of these materials with 15 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were separated into ABI377 sequencer. The genotype encoded data were analyzed by means of...
November 2016
Agronomic evaluation and quality characteristics of three Cucurbitaceae varieties acclimated in Benin
The present study aimed to evaluate some agronomical, physical and nutritional characteristics of seeds of three species of Cucurbitaceous, namely Citrulus lanatus, Lagenaria siceraria and Cucumeropsis edulus. Agronomic experiments were investigated over a two-year period during which, some agronomic performances of the tested varieties were evaluated. The physical characteristics of the collected fruits were also...
October 2016
Effect of salt stress on growth and contents of organic and inorganic compounds in noni (Morinda citrifolia L.)
Salinity is one of the abiotic stresses that most affect agricultural production, especially in arid and semi-arid regions; however, among species there are large differences in salt tolerance. In this study, the effects of salinity on the growth and accumulation of organic and inorganic solutes were evaluated in ‘noni’ seedlings at 1, 10, 20, 30 and 40 days of salt stress in a 5 x 2 completely randomized...
October 2016
Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on morpho-agronomic traits of three elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) genotypes for biomass production
Elephant grass has been proposed for the energy sector as a possible source of renewable energy, because of its high biomass production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the mineral nutrients nitrogen and potassium on the morpho-agronomic traits (dry mater yield (DMY), percentage of DM (%DM), number of tillers per linear meter (NT), plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD) and leaf blade width (LW)) in...
October 2016
Study of associative effects of date palm leaves mixed with Aristida pungens and Astragalus gombiformis on the aptitudes of ruminal microbiota in small ruminants
The objectives of this trial were to evaluate interactions between microbial degradation of three substrates: date palm leaves as tannin-rich substrate, Astragalus gombiformis (as nitrogen source) and Aristida pungens (as carbon source). The model included the principal effects of single substrate and mixtures of multiple interactions. The forages were fermented alone or mixed with date palm leaves in various...
October 2016
Isolation and characterization of cellulolytic Bacillus licheniformis from compost
Eight cellulose degrading bacteria were isolated from compost and were identified as Bacillus licheniformis by 16S rRNA sequencing. Among the eight isolates, Bacillus licheniformis B4, B7 and B8 showed the highest cellulase activity. B. licheniformis B4 and B8 showed the maximum cellulase activity during the stationary phase of growth; but for B7, the maximum activity of cellulase was observed during the log phase....
October 2016
Drought tolerant tropical maize (Zea mays L.) developed through genetic transformation with isopentenyltransferase gene
Maize is a staple food crop for millions of Africans. Despite this fact, African farmers have been harvesting average grain yield of not more than 2 t/ha while there is a potential of producing more than 10 t/ha. Drought is one of the major abiotic constraints contributing to this low productivity. Drought diminishes crop productivity mainly by causing premature leaf senescence. The ipt gene codes for...
October 2016
Transcriptional modulation of genes encoding nitrate reductase in maize (Zea mays) grown under aluminum toxicity
The free aluminum (Al) content in soil can reach levels that are toxic to plants, and this has frequently limited increased productivity of cultures. Four genes encoding nitrate reductase (NR) were identified, named ZmNR1–4. With the aim of evaluating NR activity and the transcriptional modulation of the ZmNR1, ZmNR2, ZmNR3, and ZmNR4 genes in leaves, 30-day-old hybrid maize BRAS 3010 plants were irrigated with a...
October 2016
Alternative tube caps on in vitro growth of Orbignya oleifera Burret.: An Arecaceae native cerrado domain
The babassu (Orbignya oleifera Burret) is a palm that contains oilseeds whose biomass can be used for biofuel production. Due to difficulties in germinating the species, in vitro cultivation techniques are sought as a viable alternative to expand studies on germination. The objective of this study was to evaluate different types of tube caps for in vitro growth of babassu seedlings. Thus, zygotic embryos were inoculated...
October 2016
On-line methanol sensor system development for recombinant human serum albumin production by Pichia pastoris
An on-line methanol sensor system was developed using a methanol probe, methanol sensor unit and peristaltic pump. The system was commanded using data acquisition (DAQ) and LabVIEW software. Calibration of the methanol sensor system was done in a medium environment with yeast cells during cells adaptation to methanol metabolism after glycerol feeding was stopped. The correlation equations between voltage output signal...
October 2016
Cloning and expression analysis of alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) hybrid promoter isolated from Zea mays
Hybrid promoters are created by shuffling of DNA fragments while keeping intact regulatory regions crucial of promoter activity. Two fragments of alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) promoter from Zea mays were selected to generate hybrid promoter. Sequence analysis of both alcohol dehydrogenase promoter fragments through bioinformatics tools identified several crucial cis regulatory elements and transcription factors binding...
October 2016
Production and characterization of endoglucanase secreted by Streptomyces capoamus isolated from Caatinga
Cellulases are hydrolases of great importance to industries, especially due to their ability to produce ethanol via hydrolysis of cellulolytic materials. Actinomycetes are the producers of these enzymes, particularly the genus Streptomyces sp. The present study is the first report on the production and characterization of cellulolytic complex secreted by Streptomyces capoamus, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of...
October 2016
SIM2PeD– Intelligent monitoring system for prevention of diabetic foot
Diabetes is an endocrine chronic disease that causes high blood sugar level, produced by retardation in, or deficiency of, glucose metabolism in the body of the individual with the disease. Neuropathies and/or angiopathies are complications of diabetes that result in changes in the lower limbs which subsequently evolve for the diabetic foot. Diabetic foot represents one of the most devastating complications of diabetes...
October 2016
Lipase production from a wild (LPF-5) and a mutant (HN1) strain of Aspergillus niger
In this study, a wild (LPF-5) and a mutant (HN1) strain of A. niger were compared for lipase production. Several physical parameters (carbon source, nitrogen source, pH, temperature and incubation period) were optimized for maximization of lipase production. Lipase activity between wild type and mutant strain were compared. Among all carbon sources, mixture of glucose (1%, w/v) and olive oil (1%, v/v) exhibited maximum...
October 2016
Comparison of protease production from newly isolated bacterial strains T5, T3 and H3 after immobilization
Protease has gained a very important position in many industries such as food, pharmaceutical, chemical and leather industries. In this research, protease was obtained from bacteria. The bacterial strain was obtained from soil which was collected from different areas of Lahore, Pakistan. Fermentation medium (by using sub-merged fermentation technique) was incubated for 48 h at 37°C temperature and agitation speed of...
October 2016
DNA markers reveal genetic structure and localized diversity of Ethiopian sorghum landraces
North Eastern Ethiopia is a major sorghum-growing region. A total of 415 sorghum landraces were sampled to represent the range of agro-ecologies (three altitude ranges) as well as spatial heterogeneity, that is, 4 zones: North Welo, South Welo, Oromiya and North Shewa with each zone containing 2 to 5 districts. The landraces were genotyped with simple sequence repeats (SSR) and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR)...
October 2016
Molecular screening of rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm for Xa4, xa5 and Xa21 bacterial leaf blight (BLB) resistant genes using linked marker approach
Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) has now become one of major rice diseases. During recent years, its occurrence has increased in Pakistan, particularly in ‘Kallar tract’ which is well-known for quality rice cultivation. Development of new resistant varieties by utilizing the available resistant gene-pool is most reliable breeding technique for the plant breeders. The...
October 2016
Drying kinetics of Baru almond (Dipteryx alata Vog) used for the production of biodiesel
This study aimed to evaluate the drying kinetics of Baru (Dipteryx alata Vog), fit different mathematical models to the experimental values as a function of the water content, determine the diffusion coefficient and energy of Baru almonds during the drying process. Baru almonds were dried at 50, 60 and 70°C temperatures in a tray dryer until the water content reached 13% b.u. A non-linear regression analysis was...
October 2016
Renal and hepatic histopathology of intraperitoneally administered potassium permanganate on Clarias gariepinus juveniles
The biochemistry and histopathology of intraperitoneally administered potassium permanganate was investigated in Clarias gariepinus. Acute toxicity of the KMnO4 was determined by intraperitoneally injecting the fish with 0.0, 1.5, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 mg/kg. The 96 h lethal concentration (LC50) value obtained from the intraperitoneal injection of the juveniles of C. gariepinus with KMnO4 was 2.001 mg/kg KMnO4 at 95%...
October 2016
Development of ethanol production from cooking oil glycerol waste by mutant Enterobacter aerogenes
Bacterial strains, capable of producing ethanol by using cooking oil glycerol waste (derived from biodiesel production) as sole C-source were screened from soil samples. Based on 16S rRNA sequence, the selected strain was identified as Enterobacter aerogenes G2WG. The sequence was submitted to GenBank and the accession number KU315428 was obtained. The genetic nature of the wild type strain was altered for enhancing...
October 2016
Production, characterisation and flocculation mechanism of bioflocculant TMT-1 from marine Bacillus pumilus JX860616
Bioflocculant from marine Bacillus pumilus JX860616 was characterised and its flocculation mechanism determined. The bacterium was identified by 16S rRNA and the bioflocculant was obtained through solvent extraction after optimum medium composition and culture conditions were established. The physicochemical analysis of the bioflocculant were obtained by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) equipped with elemental...
October 2016
In vitro regeneration of disease free enset [Ensete ventricosum (Welw) Cheesman] planting materials from bacterial wilt diseased plants using shoot tip culture
Enset is an important food crop produced in Ethiopia with great role in food security. The demand of the crop is increasing throughout the country. However, the production as a whole is decreasing due to devastation by enset bacterial wilt. The studies were conducted to develop the procedure for obtaining multiple disease free plantlets from infected enset plants. Shoot tip explants from infected suckers of three clones...
October 2016
Screening of spontaneous castor bean accesses for genetic improvement programs
The objective of this work was to identify, through the use of multivariate analysis, the spontaneous accesses of castor bean that show promising characteristics for inclusion in genetic improvement programs of this culture in Brazil. The study was conducted at the Paulista State University, Jaboticabal Campus. The accesses of castor bean seeds obtained were identified as ACS-001-CRSP, ACS-001-JASP, ACS-001-MASP,...
October 2016
Assessment of the genetic diversity of Kenyan coconut germplasm using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers
Genetic diversity and relationship among 48 coconut individuals (Cocos nucifera L.) collections from the Coastal lowland of Kenya were analyzed using 15 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs. Diversity parameters were calculated using Popgene Software version 1.31. The gene diversity values ranged from 0.0408 (CAC68) to 0.4861 (CAC23) with a mean value of 0.2839. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values...
October 2016
Evaluation of various pesticides-degrading pure bacterial cultures isolated from pesticide-contaminated soils in Ecuador
Due to the intensive use of pesticides within the greenhouse-rose production, remediation of polluted soils has become a hot topic for researchers in recent decades. Several bacterial strains having the ability to utilize various pesticides as a sole source of carbon and energy were isolated from pesticide-contaminated soils of Urcuquí, Ecuador. According to phenotypical, physiological, and biochemical...
October 2016
Use of response surface methodology to optimize the drying conditions of a bioactive ingredient derived from the African opaque sorghum beer
The present work aims to optimize the heat drying conditions of a bioactive feed ingredient derived from the African opaque sorghum beer. The bioactive ingredient was dried at various temperatures 35 to 50°C and times 5 to 24 h. The effects of the drying conditions on the dry matter, water activity, pH, titratable acidity, bacteriocin, ethanol, lactic acid, yeasts, lactic acid bacteria contents and antimicrobial...
October 2016
Enzymatic regulation of organic acid metabolism in an alkali-tolerant halophyte Chloris virgata during response to salt and alkali stresses
Chloris virgata, an alkali-tolerant halophyte, was chosen as the test material for our research. The seedlings of C. virgata were treated with varying salt and alkali stress. First, the composition and content of organic acids in shoots were analyzed and the results indicated that there was not only a significant increase in total organic acids, but there were also obvious changes in different components of organic...
October 2016
Comparison of four nonlinear growth models for effective exploration of growth characteristics of turbot Scophthalmus maximus fish strain
This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness for non-linear growth models designated as Chapman-Richards, Gompertz, Logistic and von Bertalanffy for selection of fast-growing fish strain of turbot Scophthalmus maximus. These models were compared using the goodness of fit (the coefficient of determination (R2) and the mean square error (MSE)) and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the growth...
October 2016
Genetic determinants of antifungal resistance in Candida species
In the previous decades, it has been an increase in cases of resistance to antifungal agents used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by Candida species. The emergence of resistance to drug classes, it is usually explained by genome alterations ranging from point mutations to gain or loss of whole chromosomes. Therefore, identify and understand into the molecular mechanisms that underlie resistance of...
October 2016
Phylogenetic relationships of the genus Quercus L. (Fageceae) from three different sections
In this study, the genetic diversity of 6 oak species known as Quercus coccifera L., Q. robur L., Q. infectoria Oliver, Q. cerris L., Q. ithaburensis subsp. macrolepsis (Kotschy) Hedge and Yalt. and Q. trojana P.B. Webb in 18 populations was screened using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA method (RAPD). 10 RAPD primers giving the best results produced 262 total loci. The highest and lowest band sizes...
October 2016
Antioxidant assessment on promethazinr HCl decomposition using RP-HPLC assay method
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different sodium metabisulfite (SMBS) concentrations under a variety of ICH recommended test conditions. An attempt was made to test the feasibility of increasing shelf life when stored under different conditions. The promethazine hydrochloride (HCL) sample solutions used according to USP 24 and BP 1999 were prepared using different concentration of sodium...
September 2016
Molecular identification of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto Giles (formerly Anopheles gambiae Savannah Form) in Kamuli District, Uganda
Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto Giles (formerly A. gambiae S molecular form), the largely anthropophilic species, is reportedly the most important malaria vector in Uganda among the A. gambiae complex species. Indoor and outdoor human-biting mosquitoes were caught for four consecutive nights in each of 48 households in Kamuli district using human-baited bed net traps for subsequent identification of the principal...
September 2016
In vitro methods for mutation induction in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important vegetable and staple crop worldwide and mainly propagated vegetatively. Breeding of potato is problematic and therefore induced mutation is an attractive means of improving the crop. In vitro culture systems, and especially the production of micro-tubers, are ideal for such purposes in potato improvement. Radio-sensitivity testing (growth reduction, GR and lethal dose, LD)...
September 2016
Natural occurrence and pathogenicity of Xanthomonas bacteria on selected plants
The bacterial genus Xanthomonas consists of several species of economic importance, among which Xanthomonas campestris pv.musacearum (Xcm), the cause of enset and banana wilt is the most important in tropical Africa. However, the natural occurrence and host range of this species is yet to be clarified. The objectives of this study were to verify the presence of Xanthomonas bacteria on plants growing in and around...
September 2016
Development of simple kinetic models and parameter estimation for simulation of recombinant human serum albumin production by Pichia pastoris
In order to describe and predict the growth and expression of recombinant proteins by using a genetically modified Pichia pastoris, we developed a number of unstructured models based on growth kinetic equation, fed-batch mass balance and the assumptions of constant cell and protein yields. The growth of P. pastoris on both glycerol and methanol could be represented by Monod kinetic equation. A simple simulation...
September 2016
Improved embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration in big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), a potential bioenergy feedstock
The objective of this study was to develop an efficient regeneration protocol in big bluestem, a potential feedstock that produces huge biomass. Embryogenic calli were induced from the seeds of cultivars, Kaw and Earl, on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 5.0 mg l-1) alone or in combination with 6-benzylaminopurine (BA)...
September 2016
A novel sampler for limnological investigation in developing world
A simple pump sampler for shallow water bodies, constructed with materials that are affordable and readily available in the local market is presented. It is simple to operate and no electric motor is required. The challenge of cost of acquisition of conventional samplers for sampling the lentic habitat, especially small water bodies such as small natural lakes, rivers, streams and reservoirs for fisheries and water...
September 2016
Evaluation of the simultaneous effects of a heat stabilized starter concentration and the duration of fermentation on the quality of the opaque sorghum beer
This study evaluates the simultaneous effect of dried starter concentration and fermentation duration on the quality characteristics of the African opaque sorghum beer using response surface methodology. The aim was to improve the beer quality and to optimize its fermentation process. Results show that the granule starter concentration and the fermentation duration have significant effects on the dry matter, refractive...
September 2016
Preliminary investigation into the chemical composition of the invasive brown seaweed Sargassum along the West Coast of Ghana
The arrival of the invasive brown seaweed Sargassum in the Western Region of Ghana was first reported in 2009. This impacted negatively on biodiversity, tourism and the livelihoods of the coastal communities. The objectives of the study among others were to identify and determine the nutritional and toxicological contents of the seaweed. Twenty four samples collected from 6 zones along the Western Region were analysed....
September 2016
Characterisation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae hybrids selected for low volatile acidity formation and the production of aromatic Sauvignon blanc wine
Wine yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) vary in their ability to develop the full aroma potential of Sauvignon blanc wine due to an inability to release volatile thiols. Subsequently, the use of ‘thiol-releasing’ wine yeasts (TRWY) has increased in popularity. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that some commercially available TRWY intermittently exhibit undesirable characteristics for example, volatile...
September 2016
Growth, ectomycorrhization and biochemical parameters of Quercus suber L. seedlings under drought conditions
Drought conditions are the major constraint to the early establishment of Quercus suber species. However, drought responses of this species depend on provenances. The objective of this study was to obtain more comprehensive knowledge on the influence of drought conditions on the response of Q. suber L. seedlings originating from Algeria. Soil water status in soil (SWC) and relative water content (RWC) in leaves,...
September 2016
Coating with fungicide and different doses of fertilizer in vinhatico seeds
Plathymenia reticulata Benth occurs in open formations of the Brazilian Cerrado and Atlantic Forest. The seeds are affected by pathogens that reduce germination. The use of fungicides is defined for many species, but, for forest species, further studies are necessary. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate and identify the physical and physiological quality of mahogany seeds that are coated with fertilizer and...
September 2016
Somatic polyploidization and characterization of induced polyploids of Dioscorea rotundata and Dioscorea cayenensis
Genetic improvement of major food yams is constrained by a number of factors, such as the scarcity of flowers and lack of synchronization between male and female flowering. Consequently, somaclonal variation including somatic polyploidization has been considered as a useful tool in yam breeding. Somatic polyploidization and its effect on phenotypic traits of Dioscorea species such as D. alata, D. japonica and D....
September 2016
Callus induction, direct and indirect organogenesis of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc)
The present study aimed to induce callus, direct and indirect organogenesis of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc) by using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators. Shoot tip, in vitro leaf and root segments were used as explants to induce callus by MS medium containing (0.00 as control, 0.5, 1.00, 2.00 and 3.00 mg/L) of 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid...
September 2016
Antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticle synthesized by marine actinomycetes in reference with standard antibiotics against hospital acquired infectious pathogens
Multi resistance to antibiotics is a serious and disseminated clinical problem, common to several new compounds that block the resistance mechanism. The present study aimed at the comparative study of silver nanoparticles synthesized through actinomycetes and their antimicrobial metabolites with standard antibiotic. Marine actinomycetes collected from Gulf mannar costal region, Kayalpatnam, located at Tuticorin...
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