Generating virus-free cassava plants by in vitro propagation with chemical and heat treatment
July 2017
Cassava production in eastern and Central Africa is severely threatened by the current epidemic of cassava brown streak disease (CBSD). The disease is caused by cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) and Ugandan cassava brown streak virus (UCBSV) of the genus Ipomovirus, family Potyviridae. Using virus-free planting material is one effective way to reduce CBSD yield losses in farmer fields. The effects of chemical and heat...
Interactive effect of colloidal solution of zinc oxide nanoparticles biosynthesized using Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts on the growth of Amaranthus cruentus seeds
June 2017
Nanofertilizers may be a possible replacement for organic fertilizers because they can get to targeted sites in a plant and either enhance or thwart its growth depending on the toxicity level of the used nanoparticles. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are said to be a good source of nutrients for crop production and using these nanoparticles as bio fertilizers, could help to reduce the chemical residue in the grown vegetables...
Traditional dishes consumed in Zimbabwe and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quantitation of their antioxidant phytochemicals
June 2017
Diabetes type 2, cancers, hypertension and obesity have become problematic diseases worldwide calling for more studies on their prevention and management. Antioxidant phytochemicals have shown potential to reduce cases of such chronic diseases therefore the present study quantified antioxidant phytochemicals in traditional dishes consumed in Zimbabwe. Traditional dishes are readily available therefore are cheap and...
Comparison of in vitro antioxidant activity of some selected seaweeds from Algerian West Coast
June 2017
In vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic (ME) and ethanolic (ET) extracts of six species of seaweeds (Cystoseira stricta, Cystoseira compressa, Corallina elongata, Porphyra umbilicalis, Enteromorpha compressa and Ulva lactuca) collected from Algerian West Coast was evaluated, using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and reducing power assay. They were tested for total phenolic content. The...
Mosquito larvicidal trihydroxylindene derivative from submerged cultures of Trametes species
June 2017
Larvicidal active pure chemical compound was isolated from a Trametes species using conventional chemistry techniques like solvent-solvent extraction and liquid-solid adsorption techniques. Larvicidal assays carried out on the purified compound, LC50 and LC90 values were calculated and found to be 23.5 and 67.4 ppm, respectively. The chemical structures of the purified compound was elucidated using standard...
Evaluation of hygienic quality of ferment of local beer “dolo†used as condiment in Burkina Faso
June 2017
Rabilé is a ferment of local beer called “dolo” in Burkina Faso. It is used for local beer production and as condiment in sauces. Its process of production could be a source of contamination. So the quality of ferment needs to be guaranteed for consumers’ health. The aim of the study was to control the hygienic quality of local ferment consumed in Burkina Faso. A total of 70 samples were...
A new immunoregulatory agent from Rosa damascena reduces CD3 expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)
June 2017
T-Lymphocytes (T-cells) play a dominant role in the initiation and maintenance of autoimmune inflammatory processes. They become activated by the presentation of antigen such as auto antigen. A main feature of T-cell activation is the production of cytokines. Though, uncontrolled T-cells activation through T-cell receptor (TCR) has been linked to numerous autoinflammatory and autoimmune pathologies. This study...
Role of leucine rich repeat and Ig domain containing 1 (LINGO1) in demyelinating and neurological diseases and investigation of conserved residues by docking analysis for novel therapeutic options
June 2017
A demyelinating sickness is any ailment of the nervous system in which the myelin casing of neurons is injured. This harm weakens the transmission of signals in the pretentious nerves. Demyelinating diseases, like multiple sclerosis (MS) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, are categorized on the basis of the scratch of the myelin covering around neurons, because of swelling and gliosis in the central nervous system...
Production potential and chemical composition of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) at different ages for energy purposes
June 2017
The elephant grass has gained prominence as one of the main forage species used for biomass production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify elephant grass genotypes with high energy biomass production potential by evaluating morpho-agronomic and biomass quality. The following traits were evaluated in this study: dry matter yield (DMY), percentage of whole-plant dry matter (%DM), percentage of neutral...
DEXseq and Cuffdiff approaches weighing differential spliced genes exons modulation in estrogen receptor β (Erβ) breast cancer cells
June 2017
While the alternative transcription and splicing mechanisms have long been known for some genes like oncogenes, their prevalence in almost all multi-exon genes has been recently realized with the increasing application of high-throughput experimental methods, named Next Generation RNA Sequencing (NGS). Henceforth, understanding the regulation of these processes in comparisons between cell types and cancer requests,...
Improvement of color and increase in anthocyanin content of ‘Niagara Rosada’ grapes with application of abscisic acid
June 2017
This study aimed to assess the application effect of abscisic acid (S-ABA) on color, and total anthocyanin and phenolic compound contents of the ‘Niagara Rosada’ grapes. The experiment was carried out in a commercial vineyard located in Jales, SP, Brazil, during 2014/2015. The randomized block design was used with four treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of applying different...
Heavy metal contamination in soils from a municipal landfill, surrounded by banana plantation in the eastern flank of Mount Cameroon
June 2017
Municipal solid waste generated in our cities, with an unprecedented population growth, has resulted in degrading environmental quality, thus a major problem for policy makers. The extent of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg and Zn contamination in soils of the studied area, where vegetables were grown, using metal contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index were assessed. The concentrations of heavy metals studied were in the...
Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on the haematological and serum biochemistry of rabbits reared in a semi-humid environment
June 2017
This research is aimed at improving the productive and pathological picture of rabbits reared in a semi-humid environment using Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE). Twenty four mixed- breed rabbits, having an average weight of 700g, were used in this study. They were randomly divided into four equal treatments (6 rabbits each) and gavaged with various concentrations of MOLE. Treatment 1 (control) was given 0ml MOLE/kg...
Leaf conditioning of Brazilian Cerrado species for DNA microextraction
June 2017
Proper conditioning of leaf tissues in collection expeditions can affect the quantity and quality of DNA in the extraction process. The aim of this work was to define a method of preserving foliar tissue suitable for obtaining DNA from Brazilian Cerrado trees. Young leaves of species (Mangaba and Baru) were collected and conditioned in five different treatments during a period of six days. Genomic DNA was obtained using...
Kinetic characterization and molecular modeling of trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase from Anopheles gambiae and expressed in Pichia pastoris
June 2017
Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) is one of the primary enzymes involved in the synthesis of trehalose, the main sugar found in insect hemolymph. In the present study, we report for the first time heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris, characterization and homology modeling of TPP from Anopheles gambiae mosquito. Purified TPP recombinant exhibited a molecular weight of approximately 36 kDa with optimum pH of...
Optimised cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) DNA extraction method of plant leaf with high polysaccharide and polyphenolic compounds for downstream reliable molecular analyses
June 2017
Yam (Dioscorea species) and banana (Musa species) leaf sample contain high levels of polysaccharide and polyphenolic compounds. Extraction of good quality DNA from such leaves is usually problematic. Therefore, there is a need to extract good quality DNA in order to perform downstream DNA analysis, especially for the detection of viruses due to their low titration in some infected leaves. The cetyltrimethylammonium...
Establishment, multiplication, rooting and acclimatization of Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Martius
June 2017
Seedling production of canjerana (Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Martius) has been limited by difficulty in germination, caused by recalcitrant behavior of their seeds. The objective of this study was to develop an efficient protocol for conservation and production of canjerana micropropagated plantlets. Seeds of canjerana were disinfected with 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10% of NaOCl solution, at immersion times of 10, 20 and 30...
Phytochemical screening and amino acids analysis of mushrooms from Burkina Faso
June 2017
Mushrooms play an important social, economic and ecological role in the world. In this study, the proximate compositions, minerals and amino acids contents of Russula alveolata, Russula cf. compressa, Russula flavobrunnea var. aurantioflava and Russula ochrocephala from Burkina Faso were investigated. The chemical analysis showed the presence of volatile oil, sterols and triterpenes, carotenoids, saponosides, reducing...
Immunocapture and simple-direct-tube-reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of Rice yellow mottle virus
June 2017
This study aimed at optimizing the immunocapture (IC) and simple-direct-tube (SDT) -reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques for detection of Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) in order to avoid the extraction of high quality RNA required for molecular methods and avoid costs involved. Rice yellow mottle virus strains and phylotypes were obtained from infected rice leaf samples collected from...
Value addition of orange fruit wastes in the enzymatic production of xylooligosaccharides
June 2017
Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are sugar oligomers made up of xylose units with the chain length of 2 to 10 and are considered non-digestible food ingredients. It is mainly produced from xylan hydrolysis. XOS have a characteristic of prebiotic by promoting the growth of probiotic organisms. They have various physiological effects such as reducing cholesterol, maintaining the gastrointestinal health and improving the...
Morphophysiology of peppermint irrigated with salt water and bovine biofertilizer
June 2017
Peppermint is a medicinal plant grown worldwide, but it has not been extensively studied, especially the use of saline water for its cultivation. In this sense, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of saline waters on peppermint cultivation under the application of bovine biofertilizer. The experiment was carried out from September 2015 to December 2015 in a greenhouse of the Center of Human and...
Evaluation of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) germplasm collection of Tamil Nadu for α-linolenic acid, sesamin and sesamol content
June 2017
A germplasm collection of Tamil Nadu comprising of nine varieties and six landraces were analyzed for their ω3 fatty acid content, lignans such as sesamin and sesamol. The percentage of ALA ranges from 0.1 to 0.55%. A wide variation was observed in sesamol content. The highest sesamol content of 0.547 mg/g was found in a variety SVPR1. The sesamin content ranged between 2.03 and 6.45 mg/g. A negative relationship...
Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of Fonio (Digitaria exilis (L.) Stapf)
June 2017
Fonio (Digitaria exilis) is a crop grown in Africa for its excellent culinary and nutritional properties and is a valuable source of income for smallholder farmers. Its improvement has long been neglected by scientists because the crop was one of the lost crops of Africa. Recent advances in Fonio research are centered on its evolution, nutritional and economic values. The lack of a transformation and other biotechnology...
Postpartum serum biochemical profile of Sudanese cystic ovarian crossbred dairy cattle
May 2017
Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is an ovarian dysfunction in cows resulting in a serious economic loss in the dairy industry. This study was conducted to examine the hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, serum total protein (TP), phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) levels of Sudanese crossbred (Friesian x Kenana) cows with COD in semi-closed condition. Forty-five dairy cows were divided into two...
Genetic and morphological diversity among sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam.) accessions from different geographical areas in Malawi
May 2017
An understanding of morphological and genetic diversity of sweet potato landraces is fundamental to any breeding program in a country. Fifty-nine sweet potato accessions from three eco-geographical populations of northern, south eastern and southern Malawi were examined using ten Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) loci and seven International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) descriptors of sweet potato. The study...
Truffle mediated (Terfezia claveryi) synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its potential cytotoxicity in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7)
May 2017
Terfezia claveryi is a species that belongs to the genera of Terfeziaceae or desert truffles, which is a family of truffles. In the present study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized from aqueous extract of T. claveryi which are in the range of 25 to 60 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction...
Biodiesel production from marine microalgae Nannochloropsis gaditana by in situ transesterification process
May 2017
Microalgae is one of the best sources of renewable energy production, such as biofuels. The production of biodiesel from microalgae has several advantages, including the high productivity of lipid and the possibility of cultivating them on marginal land. One of the challanges in using microalgae for biodiesel production is the complexities process of lipids extraction by organic solvents followed by transesterification....
Establishing sterilization protocol and shoot induction medium for in vitro regeneration of sweetbriar (Rosa rubiginosa L.)
May 2017
Rosa rubiginosa L. is popular in Lesotho where rural communities harvest the rosehips for sale to the local companies which process them into various products. There is, however, a challenge in establishing plantations of the species due to deep seed dormancy and so difficulty in germination. In this study, nodal explants of R. rubiginosa L. were sterilized with 20 g·L-1 Ridomil Gold MZ (RGM) and cultured on...
Polymorphism analysis of kisspeptin (KISS1) gene and its association with litter size in Ethiopian indigenous goat populations
May 2017
Polymorphism analysis of the Kisspeptin (KISS1) gene and its association with litter size were conducted in two (Gondar and Woyto Guji) Ethiopian indigenous goat populations. Three new pairs of primers were designed for touchdown PCR condition. A total of 173 and 242 Sanger sequences were employed for further analysis of exon1 (1210 bp) and exon2 (325 bp) regions of the KISS1 gene, respectively. In addition, the...
Chromosomal and plasmid mediated degradation of crude oil by Bacillus coagulans, Citrobacter koseri and Serratia ficaria isolated from the soil
May 2017
In this work, the degradative abilities of some bacteria isolated from the soil were studied. Five distinct isolates were subjected to substrate susceptibility test to determine their potential degradative abilities in the presence of different hydrocarbons. The best three crude oil degraders were selected and their identities were further established using API technique. Furthermore, the extent of each degradative...
Myracrondruon urundeuva Allemão: Chemical composition, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity and inotropic effect
May 2017
Caatinga biome features species with high therapeutic potential such as Aroeira do Sertão (Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão) which has long history in folk medicine. This study aimed to chemically characterize the secondary metabolites of hydroethanolic extract and hexane, chloroform, acetate, hydroethanolic fractions from Myracrodruon urundeuva (Allemão) possibly responsible antioxidant and...
Diversity of Aspergillus isolates and selection of an isolate with high β-fructofuranosidase activity that is native to the Peruvian coast
May 2017
In order to obtain a native isolate with high β-fructofuranosidase activity (FFase), a preliminary selection of 44 isolates, predominantly formed by Aspergillus niger (72%), was performed among 167 isolates of Aspergillus native to the Peruvian coast (Casa grande, Cartavio, Paramonga and Tacama). In addition, genetic diversity was studied using molecular markers, Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR). The...
Isolation and characterization of a haloalkaliphilic protease producer bacterium from Wadi Natrun in Egypt
May 2017
A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming haloalkaliphilic bacterium designated as NA7 was isolated from the surface of a Helianthemum nummularium root sample obtained from Wadi Natrun in Egypt. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed a Bacillus haloalkaliphilius strain as the closest match with 99% identity. In a shake flask culture containing 10% NaCl, adjusted to pH 10 and incubated at 37°C, the isolated...
Genetic diversity and population structure of Ethiopian finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) genotypes using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers
May 2017
Eleusine coracana is an annual allotetraploid (2n=4x=36) that belongs to grass family, Poaceae. This research aimed to investigate level of genetic diversity of 80 accessions using ISSR markers. DNA was extracted from a bulk of three plants per accession using a modified CTAB method. Six ISSR primers amplified a total of 45 clear and reproducible bands. The total genetic diversity (H) and Shannon’s diversity...
Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa expressing blaGES and blaPER genes in two different hospitals
May 2017
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is intrinsically resistant to several antimicrobial drugs classes. Various extended-spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) types have been found in P. aeruginosa such as Pseudomonas extended resistance (PER) and Guiana extended-spectrum (GES) enzymes. The study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of the ESBL producing P. aeruginosa strains that express blaGES and blaPER genes to commonly used...
Genomic DNA isolation method from fresh wheat leaf samples without liquid nitrogen
May 2017
The advent and application of molecular markers technology enabled dissection of genomic regions underling important agronomic traits in crop plants. Isolation of sufficient quantity and good quality DNA from a large number of plant samples is a major challenge in most genetic and genomic analyses. Wheat is the world’s third most important food security crop on which most molecular breeding and genetic engineering...
Effect of cooking on tannin and phytate content in different bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) varieties grown in Tanzania
May 2017
Phytates and tannins are present in varying proportions in legume based foods. Investigation on the effect of cooking on tannins and phytates was carried out on thirty eight raw and cooked bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) varieties. Tannins were assayed by vanillin-hydrochloric acid method, while phytates were determined by a method developed by Haugh and Lantzsch. There was a very high significant difference (P≤0.00001) in...
The influence of potassium dichromate on growth and survival of the vermicomposting earthworm Eisenia foetida
May 2017
The present research evaluated the redox ability of Cr6+ in the earthworm Eisenia foetida, and its effects on growth and survival. An assay was conducted with an increasing doses of K2Cr2O7 (0, 200, 400, 800, 1000, and 1200 mg K2Cr2O7 kg-1 substrate) applied to a vermicomposting system which was inoculated with 30 earthworms per chamber. Earthworm growth, estimated by weight, showed a quadratic response (p = 0.03) with...
Computer simulation of benzene, toluene and p-xylene adsorption onto activated carbon
May 2017
In this work, the adsorption of benzene, toluene and p-xylene on activated carbon was verified through a computer simulation. A carbon model was used as the work basis. Several steps were completed from the modeling of the carbon structures and pollutants to simulations of molecular dynamics. After analyzing the results, it was found that the groups: ether, lactone and carbonyl (ketone) present in the carbon structure...
Exploration of Sri Lankan soil fungi for biocontrol properties
May 2017
Sri Lankan soil is a rich source of fungi with new strains that are not well explored to date. In the present study, a total of 83 soil fungi were isolated from different locations of Sri Lanka using chitin and β-1,3-glucan selective media. Of the 83 isolates, 22 isolates showed high biocontrol activities against seven selected plant pathogenic fungi in dual culture plate assay. These 22 isolates were further...
Association of growth hormone gene polymorphism with quantitative characteristics of thin-tailed sheep using PCR-RFLP in Jambi province
May 2017
The objective of this research was to obtain quantitative growth hormone gene polymorphism association between growth hormone gene genotype with quantitative characteristics of the thin-tail sheep in the highlands and lowlands of Jambi Province. Two phases of research were done on the field and in the laboratory. Field research which was conducted to obtain the quantitative characteristics data includes; withers height...
Effect of different concentrations of bush passion fruit pulp and temperature in the production of beer
May 2017
Among many species of passion fruit, the bush passion fruit (Passiflora cincinnata Mast.) is a wild, edible fruit, of exotic flavor and has good acceptability for consumption. This study aimed to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of the bush passion fruit pulp, and to produce and characterize physico- chemically the ale beer made with bush passion fruit as a malt adjunct, using different percentages (10,...
Persimmon leaf and seed powders could enhance nutritional value and acceptance of green tea
May 2017
Acceptance of green tea, a health promoting functional food material, could be increased if its flavor is improved. Persimmon seeds and leaves are likely potential options for green tea improvement since they contain a large number of volatile flavor compounds. In the present study, amino acids, volatile flavor compounds, and antioxidant potentials of persimmon tea (PT) prepared with green tea were investigated. PT...
Heavy metals bioremediation potential of Klebsiella species isolated from diesel polluted soil
May 2017
Heavy metals are transition elements whose presence at mild doses in water bodies is deadly. Most effectively harnessed technique of their remediation is the microbial approach, also known as bio-remediation. This study is hereby aimed to investigate the potential of Klebsiella species isolated from diesel polluted soil in bioremediating the heavy metals present in effluent water. A sample of diesel polluted soil...
Optimized production of lipase from Bacillus subtilis PCSIRNL-39
May 2017
Lipases catalyze the hydrolysis of long chain triglycerides. Microbial lipases are receiving much attention because of their industrial potential in the chemical, pharmaceutical, medical, cosmetic, biosurfactant synthesis, leather industries, mutation, agrochemicals and paper manufacturing industries. This article presents the isolation of maximum lipase producing bacteria and the optimization of different conditions...
Traditional production technology, consumption and quality attributes of toubani: A ready-to-eat legume food from West Africa
May 2017
Toubani is a traditional ready-to-eat legume food, consumed as staple food with stews. This study investigated the socio-cultural profile of stakeholders, the traditional processing techniques and sensory quality attributes. For this purpose, a survey was carried out in two municipalities using a questionnaire managed to stakeholders. The results showed that toubani production is exclusively undertaken by women while...
Common bean germplasm resistant to races 73 and 2047 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum
May 2017
The present work aims to identify common bean accessions resistant to anthracnose by incompatibility reaction evaluations to races 73 and 2047 of C. lindemuthianum, associated with using of SF101072 and SAS13950 molecular markers linked, respectively, to gene Co-10 and allele Co-42. A total of 75 common bean accessions from Common Bean Germplasm Bank (CBGB) of Núcleo de Pesquisa Aplicada à Agricultura...
Juice clarification with tannases from Aspergillus carneus URM5577 produced by solid-state fermentation using Terminalia catappa L. leaves
May 2017
Tannase is an inducible extracellular enzyme produced by filamentous fungi, yeasts, and bacteria by solid-state fermentation (SSF) or submerged fermentation (SmF). Among the filamentous fungi, Aspergillus and Penicillium are recognized as the most efficient producers of tannase. The aims of this study were to evaluate the production of tannase under SSF by isolation from Aspergillus and Penicillium preserved in the...
Genetics and environmental trends in growth performance of Horro (Zebu) and crosses of Holstein Friesian and Jersey cattle breeds
May 2017
Phenotypic, genetics and environmental trends of birth (BW), weaning (WW) and one year weight (YW), and average daily gain were considered on data collected from Horro cattle and their crosses during the year 1980-2008. Estimated breeding value (EBV) of all animals were generated from a univariate model analysis by the general linear mixed model by residual maximum likelihood (ASREML) while least square means for annual...
The African black soap from Elaeis guineensis (Palm kernel oil) and Theobroma cacao (Cocoa) and its transition metal complexes
May 2017
African black soap is an indigenous African organic soap formed by esterification. This was prepared by reacting palm kernel oil and the filtrate of cocoa pod ash. Chemical analyses revealed the moisture content was 26% (w/w), total fatty matter (TFM) was 44.75% (w/w), total fatty alkaline (TFA) was 0.22% (w/w), total alkaline (TA) was 11.78% (w/w) and pH was 10. The metal complexes were formed by the reaction of the...
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