Screening of exopolysaccharide-producing coccal lactic acid bacteria isolated from camel milk and red meat of Algeria
May 2017
The analysis of coccal lactic acid bacteria (CLAB) strains for their competence in polysaccharide production has been given proper attention as texturing and thickening agents. The characterization of these strains has been performed from two natural environments (camel milk and red meat). All the isolates were evaluated for exopolysaccharides (EPS) production on certain solid medium and ruthenium red milk agar plate....
The nitrogen-fixing Bradyrhizobium elkanii significantly stimulates root development and pullout resistance of Acacia confusa
May 2017
Reforestation of native Acacia confusa Merr. on landslide areas in Taiwan is important for agroforestry and soil conservation. To ensure high survival and growth vigor, A. confusa seedlings must develop a strong root system. Inoculating of acacia with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) may ameliorate the problems associated with soil nutrient deficiency on landslide sites. In this study, under plastic house...
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of maize (Zea mays) subjected to progressive drought reveals involvement of lipids, amides and carbohydrates
May 2017
Changing climate means that there will be more episodes of drought, especially in arid regions. Drought stress is an important environmental factor that reduces crop productivity. Despite the vast amount of literature on drought stress in plants, there are still many uncertainties concerning the molecular responses under water deficit. In particular, if we wish to breed plants that are able to tolerate stress,...
Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum to enhance L-leucine production
May 2017
This work aimed to develop an efficient L-leucine industrial production strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum by using metabolic engineering. A recombinant C. glutamicum strain was constructed by expressing a feedback-resistant leuA-encoded 2-isopropylmalate synthase (IPMS) that carries three amino acid exchanges (R529H, G532D and L535V) from the mutant strain C. glutamicum ML1-9 which was obtained by screening for...
The African black soap from Elaeis guineensis (Palm kernel oil) and Theobroma cacao (Cocoa) and its transition metal complexes
May 2017
African black soap is an indigenous African organic soap formed by esterification. This was prepared by reacting palm kernel oil and the filtrate of cocoa pod ash. Chemical analyses revealed the moisture content was 26% (w/w), total fatty matter (TFM) was 44.75% (w/w), total fatty alkaline (TFA) was 0.22% (w/w), total alkaline (TA) was 11.78% (w/w) and pH was 10. The metal complexes were formed by the reaction of the...
Cyclical changes in the histology of the gonads (ovary and testes) of African pike, Hepsetus odoe
May 2017
Morphology, stages of maturation and histology of gonads of African pike, Hepsetus odoe from Ado Ekiti Reservoir were studied from August 2014 to July 2015 in order to establish its reproductive biology. Out of 685 specimens examined 354 were males and 331 were females giving a sex ratio of 1:1.1 (female:male). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the sex ratio. The gonads were in pairs. All the gonad...
Silencing of the rift valley fever virus s-genome segment transcripts using RNA interference in Sf21 insect cells
May 2017
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne disease that affects humans and livestock. It results in economically disastrous livestock deaths in Africa. The causative agent is RVF virus (RVFV), which possesses a tripartite negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome, with large (L), medium (M) and small (S) segments. The lack of effective vaccines and anti-RVFV therapies motivates concerted efforts in search for safe and...
Genetics and environmental trends in growth performance of Horro (Zebu) and crosses of Holstein Friesian and Jersey cattle breeds
May 2017
Phenotypic, genetics and environmental trends of birth (BW), weaning (WW) and one year weight (YW), and average daily gain were considered on data collected from Horro cattle and their crosses during the year 1980-2008. Estimated breeding value (EBV) of all animals were generated from a univariate model analysis by the general linear mixed model by residual maximum likelihood (ASREML) while least square means for annual...
Computational antioxidant capacity simulation assay of Garcinia kola (Heckel) seed extracts
April 2017
Polypharmacological activities of the biflavonoid fraction of Garcinia kola seed justify its development as a nutraceutical, however, quality assurance of active nutraceutical ingredient (ANI) requires conformance to appropriate standards of composition and quality. It was hypothesized that variation in extraction protocols, as previously reported for the biflavonoid fraction, would lead to variation in extract...
Molecular characterization and insecticidal activities of Malian native crystalliferous Bacillus thuringiensis
April 2017
The objective of this work was to select the most active Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) isolated from agricultural soils of Mali through the molecular characterization and the determination of insecticidal activities of the protein crystals, produced by these native isolates. Crystal proteins were extracted from B. thuringiensis culture, and characterized using the SDS-PAGE techniques. Their insecticidal activities were...
Modelling the rheological properties of gruels produced from selected food products from Cameroon
April 2017
This study investigated the flow behaviour of some food gruels obtained from pre-treated banana, sorghum or sesame flours. The Herschel-Bulkley and the power law models were used to evaluate the consistency and flow indices while an Arrhenius-type equation was used to analyse the effect of temperature on viscosity. The Ostwald de Waele model gave a good fit with experimental data, with p-values less than 0.01 and R2...
Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Lippia alba essential oil obtained by supercritical CO2 and hydrodistillation
April 2017
Lippia alba essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) and supercritical fluid (SFE) extraction methods. These were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-flame ionization detector (GC-FID-MS). Antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH and ABTS methods, and total soluble phenolics (TSP) were also determined. While in the SFE extract 14 compounds were identified (mostly: myrcenone 3.4%,...
Phenotypic diversity in physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) in vivo germplasm bank for superior parent selection
April 2017
Jatropha curcas is an interesting alternative for biodiesel production due to the high oil content in its seeds, its ability to grow in a wide range of climate and soil conditions as well as low cost of production. However, the species is considered to be in domestication and there are no defined cultivars. Therefore, it is extremely important to understand the genetic diversity of the species for selection and...
Histochemical GUS expression of beta tubulin promoter in transgenic tobacco
April 2017
Agrobacterium mediated plant transformation is a useful technique for stable transformation of plants. This study aimed at stable transformation of the beta tubulin (β) gene promoter and its expression analysis by histochemical GUS assay. The beta tubulin promoter sequence was cloned in plant expression vector (pGA482) and transformed stably in tobacco through Agrobacterium mediated transformation. The stable GUS...
High-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis and evaluation of antioxidant and photoprotective activities of extracts from seeds of Simira gardneriana M. R. V. Barbosa and Peixoto (Rubiaceae)
April 2017
Simira gardneriana is a Rubiaceae species commonly found in the Brazilian Northeast region, presented several therapeutic and biotechnological applications. In this paper, the antioxidant and photoprotective properties of extracts from the seeds of S. gardneriana were highlighted. The antioxidant activity of ethanol and methanol extracts (Si-EtOH and Si-MeOH, respectively) was determined, using...
Changes in phenol metabolism of minimally processed ‘baby cassava’ under different temperatures: An alternative to commercialization
April 2017
This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the phenolic oxidation mediated by polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) in the quality of minimally processed ‘baby cassava’, during the first hours and days of conservation at different temperatures. Pieces of roots of cassava cv. Recife were minimally processed into ‘baby cassava’ form and kept at 5 ± 2 and 25 ± 2°C for 12h...
Bioaccumulation of zinc in Rana tigrina in different aquatic habitats
April 2017
Some creatures are very sensitive to water borne pollutants and can be used as useful bio-indicators of water pollutions. The present study used these bio-indicators to determine the status regarding health of freshwater habitats. The study was carried out to quantify Zn in kidney and liver of Rana tigrina from different aquatic habitats (canal, fish pond and sewage water) by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Liver...
Analysis of similarities within different date palm cultivars of Al-Ahsa oasis in Saudi Arabia
April 2017
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is widely cultivated in Saudi Arabia, with annual production estimated to be above one million tons. Of the 450 cultivars that are commonly used, 70 cultivars are found in the Eastern province and 20 cultivars are well known and common in the Al-Ahsa oasis. In this study, thirty seven date palm samples representing nine cultivars collected from six locations in the Al-Ahsa oasis, Saudi...
Genetic diversity in Nepalese population of Swertia chirayita (Roxb. Ex Fleming) H. Karst based on inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers
April 2017
Swertia chirayita is a highly valued but vulnerable medicinal plant species of Nepal. Its populations are declining in natural habitats due to over exploitation. Twenty-seven inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) primers were used to assess the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of 42 genotypes representing six natural populations of S. chirayita, from Nepal. Of the total 479 bands amplified by 27 ISSR...
Genetic diversity of Ethiopian emmer wheat Triticum dicoccum Schrank landraces using seed storage proteins markers
April 2017
Emmer wheat [Triticum dicoccum (Schrank)] cultivation in Ethiopia has been reducing and the genetic diversity maintained in the germplasm collection needs to be determined. The objective of this study was to assess the level of genetic diversity among populations of Ethiopian emmer wheat using seed storage protein analysis. Seeds of 85 accessions representing seven administrative regions of Ethiopia were obtained from...
Efficiency of sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and target region amplified polymorphism (TRAP) markers in detecting banana somaclonal variants
April 2017
Screening of micropropagated banana (Musa spp.) cv. Grand Naine for somaclonal variants was carried out in the open field. The total detected variants were 26 somaclones (in addition to the normal plant) and were grouped into eight groups according to their morphological and yield characteristics. Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) and Target Region Amplified Polymorphism (TRAP) techniques were used to study...
Genetic diversity in quarin clover (T. quartinianum) accessions of Ethiopia using ISSR markers
April 2017
Genetic diversity of Trifolium quartinianum accessions from Ethiopia were studied using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. A total of 24 accessions, divided into three populations were used for the present study. DNA was extracted from a bulk of samples using a modified CTAB method. A total of 84 bands were amplified by the four di-nucleotid ISSR primers in the overall experimental materials. Genetic diversity...
Comparative effects of plant growth promoters and earthworms (Millsonia anomala) on rooting of cocoa orthotropic cuttings
April 2017
Propagation of cocoa trees with high yield and disease resistance is envisioned for the renewal of the cocoa orchard. The dissemination of these elite varieties by orthotropic cuttings is strongly recommended to achieve quantitative and qualitative objectives. Some experiments reported that some Theobroma cacao clones produced by orthotropic cuttings do not root easily and the rate is very low, around 30 to 50% results....
Effect of growth regulators on indirect organogenesis of two grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars
April 2017
Establishment of efficient protocol for high-frequency of indirect regeneration of plantlets has a vital role in the analysis of genetic material in mass propagated plants. The optimal levels of growth regulators and light conditions were investigated on callus induction and organogenesis of cultured grapevine from in vitro tissues. Maximum calluses and shoots were produced by using medium supplemented with four...
Colostrum immune quality of local sow breed in Benin: Growth, survival and acquisition of passive immunity in new-born piglet
April 2017
The objective of this study was to evaluate husbandry practices of pregnant sows, immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration in colostrum of sow from local breed of Benin, their transfer to litter and the survival and growth of piglets until 42 days of age within traditional farms pig. Results showed that sows were raised according to traditional practices characterized by sustainable or precarious housing without any hygiene...
Resistance by Enterobacter spp. towards several antimicrobial drugs and heavy metals: A review
April 2017
Antimicrobial resistance developed in several pathogens poses an increasing threat to human health across the world. No country can escape from the medical and economic impacts from this serious problem. Although the antibiotic resistance is not a new phenomenon, the current magnitude and speed with which it is developing is a cause for the global concern including in India. There are so many common diseases resulting...
Effects of activated charcoal on medium-term conservation of yam (Dioscorea spp.) cultivated in Benin
April 2017
The effects of activated charcoal were tested on medium term conservation of yams cultivated through tissue culture techniques. Galzy glutamine basic medium and that supplemented with 3 g/l activated charcoal were used. Growth parameters such as number of leaves, height of stem, number of nodes and length of the main root are evaluated on plantlets after 20 months. The test T of Student Newman and Keuls (SNK) with two...
Determination of proximate and mineral compositions of Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala leaves cultivated in Arbaminch Zuria and Konso, Ethiopia
April 2017
This study presents the proximate and mineral composition analysis of Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala leaves collected from two different agro-ecological zones namely Arbaminch Zuria and Konso in Southern Nation Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR), Ethiopia. M. oleifera and M. stenopetala leaves were collected using random sampling method from four sampling sites namely Secha, Karat, Sikela, Gato. Before...
The impact of salinity stress on morphological and anatomical aspect of water hyssop Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst grown in vitro
April 2017
This study was conducted at Marine Science Center, Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq during the period of 2015 to 2016. In the present work, we used NaCl and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to induced abiotic stress in vitro. Results show that high shoot numbers (24) were produced on MS (solid) medium enriched with 0.8 g/L NaCl in addition to cytokinins while, inclusion of drought agent PEG to proliferation medium (solid and...
Enhancing the production of syringomycin E in Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae by random mutagenesis and molecular characterization of the SyrB1 gene
April 2017
Syringomycin E (SRE) is a phytotoxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae with high potential as a safe and effective therapy for the control of human fungal infections and as a preservative for the food industry. In this study, 27 strains of P. syringae pv syringae were isolated from plums, potatoes, apricots and peaches, of which P. syringae pv syringae 120 (PS120) showed the highest SRE production levels....
Assessment of genetic diversity among cultivated Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum, Poaceae) accessions from Benin, West Africa
April 2017
Simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers were used for genetic diversity analysis and population structure of the cultivated Pearl millet in Benin, West Africa. In order to assess the level of genetic diversity, 14 polymorphic SSR markers were used to screen 114 accessions from different agro-ecological zones in Benin. SSR markers were found to reveal a total of 57 alleles with an average of 4.071 allele per...
Production of invertase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Angel using date syrup as a cost effective carbon source
April 2017
Invertase (β-fructofuranosidase) finds major applications in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. In the present study, fermentation conditions for invertase production from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Angel using date syrup in shake flask were investigated. The effect of time period (0-96 h), carbon sources (sucrose, date syrup, maltose, galactose, and glucose), nitrogen sources including yeast extract,...
In vitro anti-tyrosinase and anti-elastase activity of collagen from sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota)
April 2017
Collagen is the main structural component of connective tissues in vertebral and invertebral animal tissues and organs. The collagen isolated from the body wall of sea cucumber (Holothuria lecospilota) can be used in the pharmaceutical field. The research aimed at isolating collagen from the sea cucumber body wall and testing the anti-tyrosinase and anti-elastase activity. This was done by isolation of collagen by...
Enzootic bovine leukosis and the risk to human health
April 2017
The bovine leukemia virus (BLV) was first reported as enzootic bovine lymphosarcoma in Eastern Europe in the late 19th century, highlighted by the presence of slightly yellow nodules in the enlarged spleen of cattle. It was believed to be an infectious disease because it spreaded through the herds. With changes observed in sensitivity of diagnostic techniques, the opinion that “BLV does not infect humans”...
Micropropagation of two species of Micranthocereus (Cactaceae) with ornamental potential native to Bahia, Brazil
April 2017
The two target cactus species in this study, Micranthocereus flaviflorus subsp. densiflorus (Buining and Brederoo) P.J.Braun and Esteves and Micranthocereus. polyanthus subsp. alvinii M. Machado and Hofacker, are endemic to the state of Bahia and have ornamental value. Therefore, this work proposed to establish M. flaviflorus in vitro, as well as to micropropagate both species. The temperature regimes 25°C and...
First detection of deformed wing and kakugo viruses in honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) in Egypt by real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
April 2017
The identification of bee viruses is of great importance where there is no information on their natural occurrence in honeybee populations. Honeybee samples (Apis mellifera L.) obtained from Giza Governorate, Egypt were evaluated for total RNA from the head, thorax and abdomen, and varroa mites. Two fragments of 250 and 540 bp of deformed wing (DWV) and kakugo viruses (KV), respectively, were amplified using...
Assessment of genetic diversity and structure of Sporisorium scitamineum from China using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers
April 2017
In this study, the genetic diversity and structure of 90 monosporidia mating-type isolates of Sporisorium scitamineum collected from China were comprehensively evaluated based on the DNA extracted from mating-type haploid sporidias using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) polymorphism molecular marker technique. Fifteen selected ISSR primers produced 162 amplified DNA fragments, of which 115 (71.0%) were polymorphic....
Evaluation of the role of SsaV ‘Salmonella pathogenicity island-2 dependent type III secretion system components on the virulence behavior of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
April 2017
Salmonella is a causative agent of wide range of diseases varying from gastroenteritis to systemic typhoid fever. It uses specialized Type III secretion system (T3SS) by its two compartments to invade and intracellularly survive inside the immune cells. T3SS is expressed in two subsequent phases by two distinct Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SP) I and II. Understanding and evaluation of components T3SS-SPI1 and...
Quality characteristics of Korean traditional rice wine (Takju) prepared by addition of green pepper
April 2017
Makgeolli, frequently called Takju, a famous Korean traditional rice wine, has long been prepared and consumed in Korea. Takju consumption in Korea has been increased because of its nutritional and functional values. The objective of the present study was to investigate the chemical characteristics, color values, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, total phenolic contents, and sensory...
Physicochemical properties of rhodanese: A cyanide detoxifying enzyme from Pentadiplandra brazzeana (Baill) root
April 2017
Rhodanese a ubiquitous sulphur transferase enzyme catalyses the detoxification of cyanide to a less toxic thiocyanate. Rhodanese from the root of Pentadiplandra brazzeana was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and affinity chromatography. The enzyme had a specific activity of 4.82 RU/mg of protein. The Km values of the substrates (KCN and Na2S2O3) were 11.76 and 10 mM, respectively. The optimum pH and...
Effects of solid matrix priming with Trichoderma harzianum on seed germination, seedling emergence and photosynthetic capacity of eggplant
April 2017
The effects of solid matrix priming with strain T22 of Trichoderma harzianum on seed germination, seedling emergence and photosynthetic capacity in two eggplant varieties were evaluated. Seed were primed by mixing with vermiculite and the T. harzianum wettable powder (WP) suspension at a rate of 1:3:3.2 (fresh weigh basis, respectively) at 15°C for 7 days in the dark, then primed seed were dried. Solid matrix...
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by endophytic fungi: Its mechanism, characterization techniques and antimicrobial potential
April 2017
Nanotechnology has rapidly developed as an important field of modern research, generating most promising applications in electronics and medicine. It involves different approaches for the synthesis and application of nanoparticles having dimension smaller than 100 nm. Nanoparticles are the fundamental building blocks for preparing many nanostructured materials and devices. Therefore, there is an enormous interest in...
Efficiency of the partial substitution of agar with potato starch on the growth and phytochemical parameters of lulo (Solanum quitoense) cultured in vitro
March 2017
The demand for agar, thanks to its different uses, generates the need to look for alternative substances that replace it. This work studied the influence of four different additions of potato starch into agar media (T1 = 50%, T2 = 45%, T3 = 40% and T4 = 0%) on the growth and chemical composition of essential oils of lulo (Solanum quitoense) explants cultured in vitro. The lengths, fresh and dry biomass weights, and...
Bioactivity of ethanolic extracts of Euphorbia pulcherrima on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
March 2017
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous species which attacks many economically important crops in several countries. This insect is an important pest of corn, and currently the most widely used control method is chemical. In order to minimize environmental impacts, other forms of control have been tried, and accordingly, the investigation of plants with...
Evaluation and association mapping of agronomic traits for drought tolerance in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]
March 2017
Drought is the major sorghum production constraint in Ethopia which necessitates the identification of sorghum genotypes that carry genes (quantitative trait locus, QTL) associated with drought tolerance thereby developing drought tolerant sorghum varieties. The objectives of this study were to identify drought tolerant sorghum genotypes, map chromosomal regions (QTLs) associated with agronomically important traits and...
Isolation and characterization of heavy metals resistant Rhizobium isolates from different governorates in Egypt
March 2017
Contamination of soil with heavy metals is one of the major environmental problems in many countries that reach from many sources as power stations, application of metal pesticides, fertilizers, and sewage sludge. In this study, ten Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae isolates were collected from different governorates in Egypt (Menoufia, Kafr El-Sheikh, Qalubia, Fayoum, Ismailia, Sharkya, Dakhalia, Behira and North...
Effect of Brazil nut oil (Bertholletia excelsa HBK) on the physical, chemical, sensory and microbiological characteristics of a mayonnaise-type emulsion
March 2017
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of emulsifiers on the chemicophysical, colorimetric, microscopic and sensorial properties, and the stability of a mayonnaise-type emulsion prepared with Brazil nut oil (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K). For this purpose, two emulsifiers were used: a soya protein isolate and dehydrated and pasteurised egg yolk as a source of protein. Both formulations had high energy...
Morphometric characterization of Jatropha curcas germplasm of North-East India
March 2017
The morphological variation among Jatropha curcas L. populations from 29 different locations of North-East India was determined. Four populations from other parts of India were also incorporated in the study as an out-group. The morphological trait based analysis of J. curcas revealed large variation of quantitative traits among the populations. Of the six morphological traits used in this study, the highest variation...
Isolation and identification of Talaromyces purpurogenus and preliminary studies on its pigment production potentials in solid state cultures
March 2017
Pigments from various sources such as annatto seeds, cochineal, beet root, and microalgae are widely used in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, textile and other industries. However, these sources of pigments have various limitations such as toxicity and environmental pollution of synthetic pigments, and low productivity of pigments from higher organisms due to long period of growth. The objective of this study was to...
Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of red and white grapes on different rootstocks
March 2017
This study aimed to assess the rootstocks influence over total phenolic compound content, antioxidant activity and its correlation in different red and white grapes cultivars for wine production. This study conducted an experimental three-year-old vineyard, located in Jundiai, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, from July 2013 to January 2014. Red and white grapes from Vitis vinifera L. (Cabernet Sauvignon,...
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