Exploration of Sri Lankan soil fungi for biocontrol properties
May 2017
Sri Lankan soil is a rich source of fungi with new strains that are not well explored to date. In the present study, a total of 83 soil fungi were isolated from different locations of Sri Lanka using chitin and β-1,3-glucan selective media. Of the 83 isolates, 22 isolates showed high biocontrol activities against seven selected plant pathogenic fungi in dual culture plate assay. These 22 isolates were further...
Effect of different concentrations of bush passion fruit pulp and temperature in the production of beer
May 2017
Among many species of passion fruit, the bush passion fruit (Passiflora cincinnata Mast.) is a wild, edible fruit, of exotic flavor and has good acceptability for consumption. This study aimed to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of the bush passion fruit pulp, and to produce and characterize physico- chemically the ale beer made with bush passion fruit as a malt adjunct, using different percentages (10,...
Association of growth hormone gene polymorphism with quantitative characteristics of thin-tailed sheep using PCR-RFLP in Jambi province
May 2017
The objective of this research was to obtain quantitative growth hormone gene polymorphism association between growth hormone gene genotype with quantitative characteristics of the thin-tail sheep in the highlands and lowlands of Jambi Province. Two phases of research were done on the field and in the laboratory. Field research which was conducted to obtain the quantitative characteristics data includes; withers height...
Computer simulation of benzene, toluene and p-xylene adsorption onto activated carbon
May 2017
In this work, the adsorption of benzene, toluene and p-xylene on activated carbon was verified through a computer simulation. A carbon model was used as the work basis. Several steps were completed from the modeling of the carbon structures and pollutants to simulations of molecular dynamics. After analyzing the results, it was found that the groups: ether, lactone and carbonyl (ketone) present in the carbon structure...
The influence of potassium dichromate on growth and survival of the vermicomposting earthworm Eisenia foetida
May 2017
The present research evaluated the redox ability of Cr6+ in the earthworm Eisenia foetida, and its effects on growth and survival. An assay was conducted with an increasing doses of K2Cr2O7 (0, 200, 400, 800, 1000, and 1200 mg K2Cr2O7 kg-1 substrate) applied to a vermicomposting system which was inoculated with 30 earthworms per chamber. Earthworm growth, estimated by weight, showed a quadratic response (p = 0.03) with...
Effect of cooking on tannin and phytate content in different bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) varieties grown in Tanzania
May 2017
Phytates and tannins are present in varying proportions in legume based foods. Investigation on the effect of cooking on tannins and phytates was carried out on thirty eight raw and cooked bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) varieties. Tannins were assayed by vanillin-hydrochloric acid method, while phytates were determined by a method developed by Haugh and Lantzsch. There was a very high significant difference (P≤0.00001) in...
Genomic DNA isolation method from fresh wheat leaf samples without liquid nitrogen
May 2017
The advent and application of molecular markers technology enabled dissection of genomic regions underling important agronomic traits in crop plants. Isolation of sufficient quantity and good quality DNA from a large number of plant samples is a major challenge in most genetic and genomic analyses. Wheat is the world’s third most important food security crop on which most molecular breeding and genetic engineering...
Common bean germplasm resistant to races 73 and 2047 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum
May 2017
The present work aims to identify common bean accessions resistant to anthracnose by incompatibility reaction evaluations to races 73 and 2047 of C. lindemuthianum, associated with using of SF101072 and SAS13950 molecular markers linked, respectively, to gene Co-10 and allele Co-42. A total of 75 common bean accessions from Common Bean Germplasm Bank (CBGB) of Núcleo de Pesquisa Aplicada à Agricultura...
Juice clarification with tannases from Aspergillus carneus URM5577 produced by solid-state fermentation using Terminalia catappa L. leaves
May 2017
Tannase is an inducible extracellular enzyme produced by filamentous fungi, yeasts, and bacteria by solid-state fermentation (SSF) or submerged fermentation (SmF). Among the filamentous fungi, Aspergillus and Penicillium are recognized as the most efficient producers of tannase. The aims of this study were to evaluate the production of tannase under SSF by isolation from Aspergillus and Penicillium preserved in the...
Traditional production technology, consumption and quality attributes of toubani: A ready-to-eat legume food from West Africa
May 2017
Toubani is a traditional ready-to-eat legume food, consumed as staple food with stews. This study investigated the socio-cultural profile of stakeholders, the traditional processing techniques and sensory quality attributes. For this purpose, a survey was carried out in two municipalities using a questionnaire managed to stakeholders. The results showed that toubani production is exclusively undertaken by women while...
Persimmon leaf and seed powders could enhance nutritional value and acceptance of green tea
May 2017
Acceptance of green tea, a health promoting functional food material, could be increased if its flavor is improved. Persimmon seeds and leaves are likely potential options for green tea improvement since they contain a large number of volatile flavor compounds. In the present study, amino acids, volatile flavor compounds, and antioxidant potentials of persimmon tea (PT) prepared with green tea were investigated. PT...
Optimized production of lipase from Bacillus subtilis PCSIRNL-39
May 2017
Lipases catalyze the hydrolysis of long chain triglycerides. Microbial lipases are receiving much attention because of their industrial potential in the chemical, pharmaceutical, medical, cosmetic, biosurfactant synthesis, leather industries, mutation, agrochemicals and paper manufacturing industries. This article presents the isolation of maximum lipase producing bacteria and the optimization of different conditions...
Heavy metals bioremediation potential of Klebsiella species isolated from diesel polluted soil
May 2017
Heavy metals are transition elements whose presence at mild doses in water bodies is deadly. Most effectively harnessed technique of their remediation is the microbial approach, also known as bio-remediation. This study is hereby aimed to investigate the potential of Klebsiella species isolated from diesel polluted soil in bioremediating the heavy metals present in effluent water. A sample of diesel polluted soil...
Efficacy evaluation of spinosad bioinsecticide capsules suspension for the control of Helicoverpa armigera
May 2017
Helicoverpa armigera caterpillar causes serious economic crop losses in Brazil, mainly in the corn, cotton and soybean farming. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of bioinsecticide Spinosad in the form of suspension capsules and emulsifiable concentrate in the dosage of 48 g i.a. ha-1 for control of H. armigera. The experiment was conducted in three different groups treated separately with emulsifiable...
Proximate composition, microbiological safety and heavy metal contaminations of garri sold in Benue, North-Central Nigeria
May 2017
This study investigated the proximate composition, microbial safety and heavy metal contaminations of garri: a cassava ready-to-eat food product. Garri is prepared from Manihot esculenta Crantz tubers by peeling, washing and grating of the tubers and fermentation. Production, storage and selling locations could be necessary predictors of the quality and safety of garri. A total of two hundred and sixteen (n=216) samples...
Screening of exopolysaccharide-producing coccal lactic acid bacteria isolated from camel milk and red meat of Algeria
May 2017
The analysis of coccal lactic acid bacteria (CLAB) strains for their competence in polysaccharide production has been given proper attention as texturing and thickening agents. The characterization of these strains has been performed from two natural environments (camel milk and red meat). All the isolates were evaluated for exopolysaccharides (EPS) production on certain solid medium and ruthenium red milk agar plate....
The nitrogen-fixing Bradyrhizobium elkanii significantly stimulates root development and pullout resistance of Acacia confusa
May 2017
Reforestation of native Acacia confusa Merr. on landslide areas in Taiwan is important for agroforestry and soil conservation. To ensure high survival and growth vigor, A. confusa seedlings must develop a strong root system. Inoculating of acacia with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) may ameliorate the problems associated with soil nutrient deficiency on landslide sites. In this study, under plastic house...
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of maize (Zea mays) subjected to progressive drought reveals involvement of lipids, amides and carbohydrates
May 2017
Changing climate means that there will be more episodes of drought, especially in arid regions. Drought stress is an important environmental factor that reduces crop productivity. Despite the vast amount of literature on drought stress in plants, there are still many uncertainties concerning the molecular responses under water deficit. In particular, if we wish to breed plants that are able to tolerate stress,...
Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum to enhance L-leucine production
May 2017
This work aimed to develop an efficient L-leucine industrial production strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum by using metabolic engineering. A recombinant C. glutamicum strain was constructed by expressing a feedback-resistant leuA-encoded 2-isopropylmalate synthase (IPMS) that carries three amino acid exchanges (R529H, G532D and L535V) from the mutant strain C. glutamicum ML1-9 which was obtained by screening for...
The African black soap from Elaeis guineensis (Palm kernel oil) and Theobroma cacao (Cocoa) and its transition metal complexes
May 2017
African black soap is an indigenous African organic soap formed by esterification. This was prepared by reacting palm kernel oil and the filtrate of cocoa pod ash. Chemical analyses revealed the moisture content was 26% (w/w), total fatty matter (TFM) was 44.75% (w/w), total fatty alkaline (TFA) was 0.22% (w/w), total alkaline (TA) was 11.78% (w/w) and pH was 10. The metal complexes were formed by the reaction of the...
Cyclical changes in the histology of the gonads (ovary and testes) of African pike, Hepsetus odoe
May 2017
Morphology, stages of maturation and histology of gonads of African pike, Hepsetus odoe from Ado Ekiti Reservoir were studied from August 2014 to July 2015 in order to establish its reproductive biology. Out of 685 specimens examined 354 were males and 331 were females giving a sex ratio of 1:1.1 (female:male). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the sex ratio. The gonads were in pairs. All the gonad...
Silencing of the rift valley fever virus s-genome segment transcripts using RNA interference in Sf21 insect cells
May 2017
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne disease that affects humans and livestock. It results in economically disastrous livestock deaths in Africa. The causative agent is RVF virus (RVFV), which possesses a tripartite negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome, with large (L), medium (M) and small (S) segments. The lack of effective vaccines and anti-RVFV therapies motivates concerted efforts in search for safe and...
Genetics and environmental trends in growth performance of Horro (Zebu) and crosses of Holstein Friesian and Jersey cattle breeds
May 2017
Phenotypic, genetics and environmental trends of birth (BW), weaning (WW) and one year weight (YW), and average daily gain were considered on data collected from Horro cattle and their crosses during the year 1980-2008. Estimated breeding value (EBV) of all animals were generated from a univariate model analysis by the general linear mixed model by residual maximum likelihood (ASREML) while least square means for annual...
Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Lippia alba essential oil obtained by supercritical CO2 and hydrodistillation
April 2017
Lippia alba essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) and supercritical fluid (SFE) extraction methods. These were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-flame ionization detector (GC-FID-MS). Antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH and ABTS methods, and total soluble phenolics (TSP) were also determined. While in the SFE extract 14 compounds were identified (mostly: myrcenone 3.4%,...
Bioaccumulation of zinc in Rana tigrina in different aquatic habitats
April 2017
Some creatures are very sensitive to water borne pollutants and can be used as useful bio-indicators of water pollutions. The present study used these bio-indicators to determine the status regarding health of freshwater habitats. The study was carried out to quantify Zn in kidney and liver of Rana tigrina from different aquatic habitats (canal, fish pond and sewage water) by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Liver...
Changes in phenol metabolism of minimally processed ‘baby cassava’ under different temperatures: An alternative to commercialization
April 2017
This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the phenolic oxidation mediated by polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) in the quality of minimally processed ‘baby cassava’, during the first hours and days of conservation at different temperatures. Pieces of roots of cassava cv. Recife were minimally processed into ‘baby cassava’ form and kept at 5 ± 2 and 25 ± 2°C for 12h...
High-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis and evaluation of antioxidant and photoprotective activities of extracts from seeds of Simira gardneriana M. R. V. Barbosa and Peixoto (Rubiaceae)
April 2017
Simira gardneriana is a Rubiaceae species commonly found in the Brazilian Northeast region, presented several therapeutic and biotechnological applications. In this paper, the antioxidant and photoprotective properties of extracts from the seeds of S. gardneriana were highlighted. The antioxidant activity of ethanol and methanol extracts (Si-EtOH and Si-MeOH, respectively) was determined, using...
Histochemical GUS expression of beta tubulin promoter in transgenic tobacco
April 2017
Agrobacterium mediated plant transformation is a useful technique for stable transformation of plants. This study aimed at stable transformation of the beta tubulin (β) gene promoter and its expression analysis by histochemical GUS assay. The beta tubulin promoter sequence was cloned in plant expression vector (pGA482) and transformed stably in tobacco through Agrobacterium mediated transformation. The stable GUS...
Phenotypic diversity in physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) in vivo germplasm bank for superior parent selection
April 2017
Jatropha curcas is an interesting alternative for biodiesel production due to the high oil content in its seeds, its ability to grow in a wide range of climate and soil conditions as well as low cost of production. However, the species is considered to be in domestication and there are no defined cultivars. Therefore, it is extremely important to understand the genetic diversity of the species for selection and...
Modelling the rheological properties of gruels produced from selected food products from Cameroon
April 2017
This study investigated the flow behaviour of some food gruels obtained from pre-treated banana, sorghum or sesame flours. The Herschel-Bulkley and the power law models were used to evaluate the consistency and flow indices while an Arrhenius-type equation was used to analyse the effect of temperature on viscosity. The Ostwald de Waele model gave a good fit with experimental data, with p-values less than 0.01 and R2...
Molecular characterization and insecticidal activities of Malian native crystalliferous Bacillus thuringiensis
April 2017
The objective of this work was to select the most active Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) isolated from agricultural soils of Mali through the molecular characterization and the determination of insecticidal activities of the protein crystals, produced by these native isolates. Crystal proteins were extracted from B. thuringiensis culture, and characterized using the SDS-PAGE techniques. Their insecticidal activities were...
Computational antioxidant capacity simulation assay of Garcinia kola (Heckel) seed extracts
April 2017
Polypharmacological activities of the biflavonoid fraction of Garcinia kola seed justify its development as a nutraceutical, however, quality assurance of active nutraceutical ingredient (ANI) requires conformance to appropriate standards of composition and quality. It was hypothesized that variation in extraction protocols, as previously reported for the biflavonoid fraction, would lead to variation in extract...
Effect of growth regulators on indirect organogenesis of two grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars
April 2017
Establishment of efficient protocol for high-frequency of indirect regeneration of plantlets has a vital role in the analysis of genetic material in mass propagated plants. The optimal levels of growth regulators and light conditions were investigated on callus induction and organogenesis of cultured grapevine from in vitro tissues. Maximum calluses and shoots were produced by using medium supplemented with four...
Resistance by Enterobacter spp. towards several antimicrobial drugs and heavy metals: A review
April 2017
Antimicrobial resistance developed in several pathogens poses an increasing threat to human health across the world. No country can escape from the medical and economic impacts from this serious problem. Although the antibiotic resistance is not a new phenomenon, the current magnitude and speed with which it is developing is a cause for the global concern including in India. There are so many common diseases resulting...
Colostrum immune quality of local sow breed in Benin: Growth, survival and acquisition of passive immunity in new-born piglet
April 2017
The objective of this study was to evaluate husbandry practices of pregnant sows, immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration in colostrum of sow from local breed of Benin, their transfer to litter and the survival and growth of piglets until 42 days of age within traditional farms pig. Results showed that sows were raised according to traditional practices characterized by sustainable or precarious housing without any hygiene...
Comparative effects of plant growth promoters and earthworms (Millsonia anomala) on rooting of cocoa orthotropic cuttings
April 2017
Propagation of cocoa trees with high yield and disease resistance is envisioned for the renewal of the cocoa orchard. The dissemination of these elite varieties by orthotropic cuttings is strongly recommended to achieve quantitative and qualitative objectives. Some experiments reported that some Theobroma cacao clones produced by orthotropic cuttings do not root easily and the rate is very low, around 30 to 50% results....
Genetic diversity in quarin clover (T. quartinianum) accessions of Ethiopia using ISSR markers
April 2017
Genetic diversity of Trifolium quartinianum accessions from Ethiopia were studied using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. A total of 24 accessions, divided into three populations were used for the present study. DNA was extracted from a bulk of samples using a modified CTAB method. A total of 84 bands were amplified by the four di-nucleotid ISSR primers in the overall experimental materials. Genetic diversity...
Genetic diversity of Ethiopian emmer wheat Triticum dicoccum Schrank landraces using seed storage proteins markers
April 2017
Emmer wheat [Triticum dicoccum (Schrank)] cultivation in Ethiopia has been reducing and the genetic diversity maintained in the germplasm collection needs to be determined. The objective of this study was to assess the level of genetic diversity among populations of Ethiopian emmer wheat using seed storage protein analysis. Seeds of 85 accessions representing seven administrative regions of Ethiopia were obtained from...
Efficiency of sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and target region amplified polymorphism (TRAP) markers in detecting banana somaclonal variants
April 2017
Screening of micropropagated banana (Musa spp.) cv. Grand Naine for somaclonal variants was carried out in the open field. The total detected variants were 26 somaclones (in addition to the normal plant) and were grouped into eight groups according to their morphological and yield characteristics. Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) and Target Region Amplified Polymorphism (TRAP) techniques were used to study...
Genetic diversity in Nepalese population of Swertia chirayita (Roxb. Ex Fleming) H. Karst based on inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers
April 2017
Swertia chirayita is a highly valued but vulnerable medicinal plant species of Nepal. Its populations are declining in natural habitats due to over exploitation. Twenty-seven inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) primers were used to assess the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of 42 genotypes representing six natural populations of S. chirayita, from Nepal. Of the total 479 bands amplified by 27 ISSR...
Analysis of similarities within different date palm cultivars of Al-Ahsa oasis in Saudi Arabia
April 2017
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is widely cultivated in Saudi Arabia, with annual production estimated to be above one million tons. Of the 450 cultivars that are commonly used, 70 cultivars are found in the Eastern province and 20 cultivars are well known and common in the Al-Ahsa oasis. In this study, thirty seven date palm samples representing nine cultivars collected from six locations in the Al-Ahsa oasis, Saudi...
Enzootic bovine leukosis and the risk to human health
April 2017
The bovine leukemia virus (BLV) was first reported as enzootic bovine lymphosarcoma in Eastern Europe in the late 19th century, highlighted by the presence of slightly yellow nodules in the enlarged spleen of cattle. It was believed to be an infectious disease because it spreaded through the herds. With changes observed in sensitivity of diagnostic techniques, the opinion that “BLV does not infect humans”...
In vitro anti-tyrosinase and anti-elastase activity of collagen from sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota)
April 2017
Collagen is the main structural component of connective tissues in vertebral and invertebral animal tissues and organs. The collagen isolated from the body wall of sea cucumber (Holothuria lecospilota) can be used in the pharmaceutical field. The research aimed at isolating collagen from the sea cucumber body wall and testing the anti-tyrosinase and anti-elastase activity. This was done by isolation of collagen by...
Production of invertase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Angel using date syrup as a cost effective carbon source
April 2017
Invertase (β-fructofuranosidase) finds major applications in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. In the present study, fermentation conditions for invertase production from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Angel using date syrup in shake flask were investigated. The effect of time period (0-96 h), carbon sources (sucrose, date syrup, maltose, galactose, and glucose), nitrogen sources including yeast extract,...
Assessment of genetic diversity among cultivated Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum, Poaceae) accessions from Benin, West Africa
April 2017
Simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers were used for genetic diversity analysis and population structure of the cultivated Pearl millet in Benin, West Africa. In order to assess the level of genetic diversity, 14 polymorphic SSR markers were used to screen 114 accessions from different agro-ecological zones in Benin. SSR markers were found to reveal a total of 57 alleles with an average of 4.071 allele per...
The impact of salinity stress on morphological and anatomical aspect of water hyssop Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst grown in vitro
April 2017
This study was conducted at Marine Science Center, Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq during the period of 2015 to 2016. In the present work, we used NaCl and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to induced abiotic stress in vitro. Results show that high shoot numbers (24) were produced on MS (solid) medium enriched with 0.8 g/L NaCl in addition to cytokinins while, inclusion of drought agent PEG to proliferation medium (solid and...
Effects of activated charcoal on medium-term conservation of yam (Dioscorea spp.) cultivated in Benin
April 2017
The effects of activated charcoal were tested on medium term conservation of yams cultivated through tissue culture techniques. Galzy glutamine basic medium and that supplemented with 3 g/l activated charcoal were used. Growth parameters such as number of leaves, height of stem, number of nodes and length of the main root are evaluated on plantlets after 20 months. The test T of Student Newman and Keuls (SNK) with two...
Determination of proximate and mineral compositions of Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala leaves cultivated in Arbaminch Zuria and Konso, Ethiopia
April 2017
This study presents the proximate and mineral composition analysis of Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala leaves collected from two different agro-ecological zones namely Arbaminch Zuria and Konso in Southern Nation Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR), Ethiopia. M. oleifera and M. stenopetala leaves were collected using random sampling method from four sampling sites namely Secha, Karat, Sikela, Gato. Before...
Enhancing the production of syringomycin E in Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae by random mutagenesis and molecular characterization of the SyrB1 gene
April 2017
Syringomycin E (SRE) is a phytotoxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae with high potential as a safe and effective therapy for the control of human fungal infections and as a preservative for the food industry. In this study, 27 strains of P. syringae pv syringae were isolated from plums, potatoes, apricots and peaches, of which P. syringae pv syringae 120 (PS120) showed the highest SRE production levels....
Physicochemical properties of rhodanese: A cyanide detoxifying enzyme from Pentadiplandra brazzeana (Baill) root
April 2017
Rhodanese a ubiquitous sulphur transferase enzyme catalyses the detoxification of cyanide to a less toxic thiocyanate. Rhodanese from the root of Pentadiplandra brazzeana was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and affinity chromatography. The enzyme had a specific activity of 4.82 RU/mg of protein. The Km values of the substrates (KCN and Na2S2O3) were 11.76 and 10 mM, respectively. The optimum pH and...
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