Molecular characterization of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers
June 2016
19 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and five Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were used to characterize 35 potato accessions originating from Mexico, Europe and U.S.A, with the aim of generating information on the genetic diversity and relationship among the genotypes for better exploitation in breeding programs. A total of 222 and 82 loci were generated by the RAPD and ISSR primers, respectively. Both...
In vitro regeneration of ‘Feizixiao’ litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)
June 2016
A simple efficient in vitro plant regeneration system was developed by indirect somatic embryogenesis of ‘Feizixiao’ litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). Pollen in the anther of monocytes was used to induce callus. Two auxins (naphthalene acetic acid [NAA] and 2,4-dichloriphenoxyacetic acid [2,4-D]), and two cytokines (kinetin [KT] and 6-benzyladenine [BA]) were tested to explore their influence on callus...
Standardization of DNA extraction from invasive alien weed Parthenium hysterophorus
June 2016
DNA isolation from the weed, Parthenium hysterophorus is complicated due to the presence of high amount of allelochemicals in the form of secondary metabolites that causes hindrance in extraction and enzymatic reactions. A modified and efficient DNA extraction from P. hysterophorus leaf has been developed. The present protocol is a modified version of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method constituting high salt...
Subcritical water extraction of bioactive compounds from dry loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) leaves and characterization of triterpenes in the extracts
June 2016
Medicinal properties of loquat leaf extracts (LLEs) are associated with their constituents of phenolic compounds and triterpenes. In this study, the efficacy of subcritical water extraction (SWE) technique was assessed by comparing with conventional solid-liquid extraction (CE) and Soxhlet extraction (SE). Results showed that the highest yields of total polyphenols were 82.7 ± 1.5 mgGAE/g leaf weight (LW), total...
Nutritional profiles of tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus) plant organs during its growth cycle
June 2016
This study was carried out to determine major nutrient profiles changes of tiger nut plant during its growth period. The plant leaves, roots, tuber moisture, starch, fat and protein were analyzed by oven drying, enzymatic hydrolysis, glucose assay, soxhlet extraction and kjeldahl methods. The results show the moisture content was decreased during its growth cycle but varied with different plant organ. For leaves, the...
Bioremediating silty soil contaminated by phenanthrene, pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene using Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp.: Biosurfactant/Beta vulgaris agrowaste effects
June 2016
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are recalcitrant contaminants which are routinely found in numerous environmental matrices, contributing to ecological degradation. In this study, the removal of LMW and HMW PAHs with 4- and 5-benzene rings, by Bacillus licheniformis STK 01, Bacillus subtilis STK 02 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa STK 03, was evaluated in silty soil for a period of 60 days. Subsequently, a...
Temporal profiles of intra- and extracellular laccase isoenzymes from Pleurotus ostreatus produced in submerged and solid-state cultures
June 2016
Laccases are enzymes that have a great potential for use in breaking down toxic compounds. Fungal laccases show high enzymatic activity, especially those produced by basidiomycetes. Depending on the culture conditions and the strain used, a variety of isoenzymes and/or enzymatic activities can be obtained. In this study, extracellular laccase enzymes produced by Pleurotus ostreatus was identified in a submerged culture...
Effect of cadmium on the morphology and anatomy of Salvinia auriculata
May 2016
This study aimed to evaluate the morphological and anatomical changes of Salvinia auriculata exposed to different concentrations 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 µM of cadmium (Cd) and its effect on plant growth. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of Plant Anatomy of the IF Goiano/Rio Verde Campus, Goiás. Cd free samples of S. auriculata, was obtained from the Aquários Plantados company,...
Surface composition and surface properties of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) root biomass: Effect of mineral acid and organic solvent treatment
May 2016
The surface composition and surface properties of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) root biomass were studied before and after extraction with dilute nitric acid and toluene/ethanol (2/1, v/v) followed by ethanol, using Fourier Transform Infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy. FT-IR absorption bands were obtained at 3421, 2855, 1457 and 1035 cm-1...
In-silico smart library design to engineer a xylose-tolerant hexokinase variant
May 2016
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has two hexokinases ScHxk1 and ScHxk2 that catalyze ATP-dependent phosphorylation of glucose and other hexoses. ScHxk2 plays an important role in glucose metabolism and the process of bioethanol production. The presence of xylose in the fermentation medium was found to inhibit ScHxk2. Therefore development of ScHxk2 variants that are resistant to the action of xylose is needed. In the current...
Morphological diversity in oleaginous watermelon (Citrullus mucosospermus) from the Nangui Abrogoua University germplasm collection
May 2016
A hundred and seventy-one oleaginous watermelon accessions either collected from different countries or obtained from gene banks were evaluated and compared based on 11 quantitative morphological traits. Principal component analysis on 11 traits revealed 81.19% of the total variability and pointed out variations among accessions, mainly on the basis of fruit size and weight. The dendrogram and factorial discriminant...
Impact of transgenic cotton expressing cry1Ac and cry2Ab genes on soil rhizosphere bacterial and fungal populations in soils of central Kenya
May 2016
The impact of 9 months cultivation of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton on selected culturable bacterial and fungal populations in rhizosphere soil was investigated. The transgenic Bt cotton line (06Z604M), isoline (99M03) and a non-Bt cotton line (HART 89M) were planted in confined field site in Samuru-Thika where non-Bt cotton had been continuously cultivated for the past 2 years. Rhizosphere...
Expression and purification of recombinant Shiga toxin 2B from Escherichia coli O157:H7
May 2016
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli are important human food-borne pathogens. Recently, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) causes life-threatening hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). In this study, Stx2B gene, a subunit of Shiga toxin, was amplified via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the chromosomal DNA of clinical fecal sample using appropriate primers. The PCR product was cloned to commercially available plasmid...
Genetic characterization by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and morphochemical traits of Carica papaya L. genotypes
May 2016
Carica papaya L. is a native fruit from Central America and Mexico and it is an economically important fruit. As a pre-breeding genetic study, the variability of both parents (L7 and M22) and the F1 individuals derived from their crosses (L7 × M22), was evaluated in terms of 32 morphochemical traits, and contrasted with their genetic diversity indicated by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers....
Assessment of genetic diversity among sixty bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars using microsatellite markers
May 2016
Assessment of genetic diversity among wheat cultivars is important to ensure that a continuous pool of cultivars with varying desirable traits is maintained. In view of this, a molecular study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity of sixty wheat cultivars using sixty microsatellite markers. Amplified alleles from each cultivar were scored after running in 6% poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). A...
Fermentative intensity of L-lactic acid production using self-immobilized pelletized Rhizopus oryzae
May 2016
L-Lactic acid is a promising three-carbon building-block chemical, widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, leather and textile industries and Rhizopus oryzae is an important filamentous fungus for the production of L-lactic acid with high optical purity. This study investigated the medium compositions for the maximum biomass cultivation of R. oryzae L-lactic acid fermentation, and optimized the operation parameters for...
Effect of pH, various divalent metal ion and different substrates on glucoamylase activity obtained from Aspergillus niger using amylopectin from tiger nut starch as carbon source
May 2016
Glucoamylases were obtained from Aspergillus niger using amylopectin from tiger nut starch as carbon source on the 5th (GluAgTN5) and 12th day (GluAgTN12) of fermentation. The optimal pH for GluAgTN5 at 55°C were 6.5, 7.0, 6.0 while that for GluAgTN12 were 8.5, 6.0, 7.5 at 50°C using cassava, guinea corn and tiger nut starch as substrates, respectively. The enzyme activity in GluAgTN5 was enhanced by Ca2+ and...
Trials to improve the response of Orechromis niloticus to Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine using immunostimulants (garlic, Echinacea) and probiotics (Organic GreenTM and Vet-YeastTM)
May 2016
This work aimed to investigate the role of some immunostimulants and probiotics in improving the response of overwintered tilapia to Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine. In this study, 15000 Nile tilapia fry (Orechromis niloticus) were collected and divided into five groups. Group 1 was the control, groups 2 to 5 were fed diet supplemented with garlic, Echinacea, Organic GreenTM and Vet-YeastTM respectively for 5 months....
Fertigation with domestic wastewater: Uses and implications
May 2016
The use of wastewater in agriculture is an alternative means of reducing wastewater release into water sources. This process, known as fertigation is an opportunity to make use of organic matter and other nutrients in wastewater for agricultural productivity. The presence of organic matter in these effluents serves as biofertilizer. Since 19th century in Britain, fertigation had been widely accepted due to the scarcity...
Selection criteria for drought tolerance at the vegetative phase in early maturing maize
May 2016
Identifying drought tolerant maize (Zea mays L.) at the vegetative stage is a meaningful effort at reducing cost and time of screening large number of maize genotypes for drought tolerance. The primary objectives of this study were to assess the effectiveness of vegetative traits in discriminating between drought tolerant and drought sensitive hybrids and to determine the stage at which the stress should be imposed to...
Isolation and molecular identification of yeast strains from “Rabilé” a starter of local fermented drink
May 2016
“Rabilé” is dried yeast harvested from Sorghum beer, used as a traditional starter culture but more especially as ingredient in sauce and food cooking in Burkina Faso. The present study aimed to isolate and identify indigenous yeast flora of “Rabilé”. Standard microbiological process was carried out to value and isolate yeast in different samples of “Rabilé”...
Genetic linkage map of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) using SNP markers
May 2016
Genetic linkage maps provide a genomic framework for quantitative trait loci identification applied in marker assisted selection breeding in crops with limited resources. It serves as a powerful tool to breeders for analysing the mode of inheritance of genes of interest and monitoring of the transmission of target genes from parents to progeny. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers have a great influence on...
Isomaltulose production using free and immobilized Serratia plymuthica cells
May 2016
Isomaltulose is a low cariogenic sweetener used as a substitute for sucrose in the food industry. In this study, isomaltulose production by Serratia plymuthica ATCC 15928 was performed using free and immobilized cells. Response Surface Methodology was employed to evaluate the influence of temperature, wet cell mass concentration and sucrose concentration during the conversion of sucrose into isomaltulose by free cells....
The use of Amazon fungus (Trametes sp.) in the production of cellulase and xylanase
May 2016
In order to use the residue from the beneficiation of Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa HBK) as substrate in solid-sate fermentation (SSF), in this work, the production of cellulase and xylanase by the fungus Trametes sp. was investigated, using the residue as a carbon source. Employing a 24-1 fractional experimental design, the influence of substrate moisture, nutrient addition and inoculum quantity on enzymatic...
Preliminary characterization of slow growing rhizobial strains isolated from Retama monosperma (L.) Boiss. root nodules from Northwest coast of Algeria
May 2016
In this paper, we did some preliminary characterization of six slow growing rhizobial strains, isolated from Retama monosperma (L.) Boiss. root nodules sampled from 3 sites along the coast of Oran (CapeFalcon, Bousfer and MersElHadjadj) in Northwestern Algeria. Results of this study showed that all strains had a very slow growth rate in yeast malt (YM) agar medium, forming colonies less than 1 mm in diameter after seven...
Sero-epidemiology of bluetongue in Algerian ruminants
May 2016
A total of 2871 blood samples were collected (450 cattle, 1932 sheep and 489 goats) from 225 randomly sampled herds between January and June 2014. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA) was used to detect antibodies from sera as an indicator of exposure to bluetongue virus (BTV). The results show an overall herd seroprevalence of 16.44% (95% CI 9.42-23.46); 21.3% (95% CI 17.1-25.6) for cattle and 13.33%...
Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in phytoremediation of heavy metals and effects on growth and biochemical activities of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants in Zn contaminated soils
May 2016
The increase of metals pollution in soil is a worldwide problem that affects the health of humans and environment. The use of green technology such as phytoremediation is one of the environmental friendly techniques, in which plants and other microbes are used to reduce the level of metals contaminants in soil and lower its uptake towards plants tissues. Studies report that a number of cereal crops such as wheat...
Physico chemical evaluation of coffee husk, wastes of enset (Enset ventricosum), vegetable and khat (Catha edulis) through vermicomposting employing an epigeic earthworm Dendrobaena veneta (Rosa, 1886)
May 2016
The major objective of this 90 days vermicomposting work was to evaluate the performance of epigeic earthworms, Dendrobaena veneta, to alter and change four commonly dumped and littered solid wastes in Ethiopian cities and towns into a high quality vermicompost. The experiments were conducted in cylindrical plastic containers with 26 cm depth and 53 cm width under shade. All containers were perforated on the sides for...
An efficient protocol for in vitro organogenesis and antioxidant studies in Melia dubia Cav.
May 2016
Melia dubia Cav. (Meliaceae) is a multipurpose tree of tropical and subtropical regions mainly cultivated for its medicinal and industrial importance. Due to its versatile properties, it has been depleted in its natural environment. Moreover due to sluggish and poor seed germination, there is a threat of its gene pool exclusion from the natural habitat. The alternative method for conservation and efficient mass...
A novel pig feed formulation containing Aspergillus niger CSA35 pretreated-cassava peels and its effect on growth and selected biochemical parameters of pigs
May 2016
This study investigated the effects of Aspergillus niger CSA35 pretreated-cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) peel feed (CPFG) on the body weight gain and some selected biochemical parameters of pigs. Cassava peels treated with biomass of A. niger CSA35 for a period of three weeks to initiate enzymatic digestion of peels were dried, ground and used in varying proportions to formulate pig rations in combination with other...
Inhibition of cell death as an approach for development of transgenic resistance against Fusarium wilt disease
May 2016
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is one of the major threats to dessert banana (Musa spp.) production. In Uganda, ‘Sukali Ndiizi’ is one of the most popular dessert banana cultivars and it is highly susceptible to Fusarium wilt. Development of resistant cultivars through transgenic approaches has shown to offer one of the most effective control options for most diseases. The transgenic approaches for...
Evaluation of potential bio-control agents on root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and wilt causing fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans in vitro
May 2016
Indigenous strains of Trichoderma viride (ITCC No. 6889), Pseudomonas fluorescens (ITCC No. B0034) and Purpureocillium lilacinum (ITCC No.6887) were isolated from undisturbed forest eco-system of Southern India. These three bio-mediators were evaluated for their antagonism towards root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans in vitro. Cell free culture filtrate of these strains...
Leaf anatomy of Crambe abyssinica Hochst. during in vitro shoot induction
May 2016
This study aimed to characterize and evaluate possible modifications in the leaf anatomy of crambe during the process of shoot induction based on micropropagation protocol. The anatomic characteristics of the leaves, and also the morphological characteristics of crambe plantlets, were evaluated during the shoot induction phase of the micropropagation. The shoots were induced by the cytokinins, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP),...
Characterization of biochemical behavior of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [Moench.]) under saline stress conditions using multivariate analysis
May 2016
The aim of this research was to characterize the biochemical behavior of sorghum plants under saline stress using multivariate statistical analysis methods for efficient management of Sorghum bicolor [Moench.]). The experimental design was completely randomized design composed of three saline concentrations (0, 1.5 and 2.0 M) in 10 replications. In the multivariate analysis (hierarchical method), there were distinct and...
Short-term phyto-toxicity consequences of a non-selective herbicide glyphosate (Roundup™) on the growth of onions (Allium cepa Linn.)
May 2016
This study examined the phyto-toxic effects of a commonly named non-selective herbicide glyphosate (Roundup™) on onions (Allium cepa Linn.). The study was necessitated due to the indiscriminate use and release of Roundup™ for weed control in the Niger Delta soils of Nigeria. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) standard protocol # 208 was adopted. The short-term phyto-toxic...
Morphological and molecular genetic diversity of Syrian indigenous goat populations
May 2016
Domestic goats in Syria may provide an interesting source of genetic variability due to its proximity to the centers of domestication. This study aimed to assess the morphological variation, genetic diversity and population substructure of the Syrian goat populations. Commonly, three goat genotypes are distinguished in Syria, namely Jabali or mountain goat, Baladi or local goat and Shami or Damascus (a well-known dairy...
Lipase-producing fungi for potential wastewater treatment and bioenergy production
May 2016
The use of fungal biomass as a lipase biocatalyst represents an attractive approach for the treatments of oil wastewater as well as for the production of biodiesel from oil and residual grease, due to its greater stability, possibility of reuse, and lower cost. In this work, 20 filamentous fungi were isolated from the grease trap scum of a restaurant at the Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The fungi...
Cloning, over-expression, and characterization of a new carboxypeptidase A gene of Bacillus pumilus ML413 in Bacillus subtilis 168
April 2016
Carboxypeptidase A (CPAs) are a well-studied group of zinc-containing exopeptidases that facilitate the breakdown of proteins and peptides during metabolism. Carboxypeptidase A is typically produced in mammalian pancreatic, brain and other tissues. A new gene encoding carboxypeptidase A in the prokaryote Bacillus pumilus was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), ligated into the shuttle vector pMA5, and cloned...
Production, optimization and characterization of extracellular amylase from halophilic Bacillus lichineformis AH214
April 2016
Twenty one moderately halophilic bacterial strains were isolated from seawater and sediment in Alexandria Eastern Harbour, Egypt. The isolates were screened for the production of four extracellular degradative enzymes. The majority of isolates (57.1%) possessed significant enzyme activities, 43% of them have potentiality to produce amylase enzyme. The most active isolate for the production of amylase enzyme was...
Molecular serotype and evolutionary lineage of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from different Nigerian food items
April 2016
The molecular serotypes and the evolutionary lineage of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from various foods in Nigeria are yet to be documented. Consequently, popular uncooked food items known locally as Okazi Utazi, Onugbu, Ogbono, Garri and Egusi obtained from plants botanically known as Gnetum africanum, Gongronema latifolium, Vernonia amygdalina, Irvingia gabonensis, Manihot esculanta Crantz and Colocynthis...
In vitro production of thiophenes using hairy root cultures of Tagetes erecta (L.)
April 2016
Marigold (Tagetes spp.) is a source of thiophenes, which are a group of heterocyclic sulfurous compounds possessing strong biocidal activity, thus making Tagetes plants very useful as natural source of agents for controlling pathogens such as nematodes, insects, fungi and bacteria. Hairy root cultures of Tagetes erecta L. were developed using Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation. The hairy root clones showed...
Screening for attractants compatible with entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae for use in thrips management
April 2016
Several thrips attractants were screened for compatibility with Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) and a subset of these for attraction to Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Conidial germination and germ tube length of M. anisopliae were used as indicators of its compatibility with thrips attractant. Conidial germination and germ tube length differed...
Antibacterial activity of six indigenous Indian plants: Acacia nilotica (Fabaceae), Albizia saman (Fabaceae), Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae), Carica papaya (Caricaceae), Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) and Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae)
April 2016
Plants have been used as major source of active compounds with medicinal importance since human civilization. These naturally occurring pharmacologically active agents have least or no toxicity to the host. The antibacterial activity of extracts (water, acetone and methanol) from six indigenous Indian plants: Acacia nilotica (Fabaceae), Albizia saman (Fabaceae), Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae), Carica papaya...
Growth promotion and elicitor activity of salicylic acid in Achillea millefolium L.
April 2016
Salicylic acid (SA) is a phenolic compound present in plants and has multiple functions, including hormonal effect on stimulus of plant growth and development and induction of plant defense responses under conditions of biotic and abiotic stresses. Studies related to SA’s elicitor action on the synthesis of secondary metabolite in medicinal plants have been conducted in order to increase the economic value of...
Characterization of potential probiotic bacteria isolated from sorghum and pearl millet of the semi-arid tropics
April 2016
The present study was conducted to isolate and characterize probiotic properties of bacteria isolated from flour and batter samples of sorghum and pearl millet. A total of five different selective media including plate count agar, yeast glucose chloramphenicol agar, Bifidobacterium agar, actinomycetes isolation agar and de ManRogosa and Sharpe agar were used and the most prominent bacteria (which were found abundantly...
Chemical composition, antioxidant effects and antimicrobial activities of some spices’ essential oils on food pathogenic bacteria
April 2016
Thymus vulgaris, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Ocimum gratissimum are spices widely used as aroma enhancers and food preservatives. This work assessed the chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial effect of their essential oils on some food pathogenic bacteria, namely, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Morganella morganii, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Proteus vulgaris...
Comparison of phenolic and volatile profiles of edible and toxic forms of Detarium senegalense J. F. GMEL
April 2016
In Senegal, Detarium senegalense J.F. Gmel. (ditax in Wolof) is one of the most important ¶important forest fruit species. ¶However, exploitation of the edible fruit is based on local people’s knowledge. Only trees whose fruits are consumed by animals are exploited. ¶To identify them, a chemical comparison of edible and toxic forms was done in order to highlight differences between both forms....
Comparison of the properties of collagen extracted from dried jellyfish and dried squid
April 2016
With increased recent interest in the utilization of industrial by-products, finding different sources, optimizing extracting conditions and characterization of collagen extracts have recently become important research topics. This study addresses the isolation of acid-soluble and pepsin-soluble forms of collagen from dried jellyfish and squid, and their partial characterization. The properties of these proteins have...
Production and characterization of β-glucosidase from Gongronella butleri by solid-state fermentation
April 2016
Among the enzymes of the cellulolytic complex, β-glucosidases are noteworthy due to the possibility of their application in different industrial processes, such as production of biofuels, winemaking, and development of functional foods. This study aimed to evaluate the production and characterization of β-glucosidase from the filamentous fungus Gongronella butleri, recently isolated from Cerrado soil and...
Spectrophotometric method for quantification of soil microbial biomass carbon
April 2016
The search for more suitable alternatives in analytical processes is a strategy to reduce environmental damages. The present study aimed to quantify the soil microbial biomass carbon (SMB-C), establishing a comparison between the methods involving quantification of SMB-C by titration of the samples with ferrous sulfate ammonia and molecular absorption spectrophotometry methods. This comparison was performed by two soil...
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