Production and characterization of endoglucanase secreted by Streptomyces capoamus isolated from Caatinga
October 2016
Cellulases are hydrolases of great importance to industries, especially due to their ability to produce ethanol via hydrolysis of cellulolytic materials. Actinomycetes are the producers of these enzymes, particularly the genus Streptomyces sp. The present study is the first report on the production and characterization of cellulolytic complex secreted by Streptomyces capoamus, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of...
Cloning and expression analysis of alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) hybrid promoter isolated from Zea mays
October 2016
Hybrid promoters are created by shuffling of DNA fragments while keeping intact regulatory regions crucial of promoter activity. Two fragments of alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) promoter from Zea mays were selected to generate hybrid promoter. Sequence analysis of both alcohol dehydrogenase promoter fragments through bioinformatics tools identified several crucial cis regulatory elements and transcription factors binding...
On-line methanol sensor system development for recombinant human serum albumin production by Pichia pastoris
October 2016
An on-line methanol sensor system was developed using a methanol probe, methanol sensor unit and peristaltic pump. The system was commanded using data acquisition (DAQ) and LabVIEW software. Calibration of the methanol sensor system was done in a medium environment with yeast cells during cells adaptation to methanol metabolism after glycerol feeding was stopped. The correlation equations between voltage output signal...
Alternative tube caps on in vitro growth of Orbignya oleifera Burret.: An Arecaceae native cerrado domain
October 2016
The babassu (Orbignya oleifera Burret) is a palm that contains oilseeds whose biomass can be used for biofuel production. Due to difficulties in germinating the species, in vitro cultivation techniques are sought as a viable alternative to expand studies on germination. The objective of this study was to evaluate different types of tube caps for in vitro growth of babassu seedlings. Thus, zygotic embryos were inoculated...
Production, characterisation and flocculation mechanism of bioflocculant TMT-1 from marine Bacillus pumilus JX860616
October 2016
Bioflocculant from marine Bacillus pumilus JX860616 was characterised and its flocculation mechanism determined. The bacterium was identified by 16S rRNA and the bioflocculant was obtained through solvent extraction after optimum medium composition and culture conditions were established. The physicochemical analysis of the bioflocculant were obtained by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) equipped with elemental...
Development of ethanol production from cooking oil glycerol waste by mutant Enterobacter aerogenes
October 2016
Bacterial strains, capable of producing ethanol by using cooking oil glycerol waste (derived from biodiesel production) as sole C-source were screened from soil samples. Based on 16S rRNA sequence, the selected strain was identified as Enterobacter aerogenes G2WG. The sequence was submitted to GenBank and the accession number KU315428 was obtained. The genetic nature of the wild type strain was altered for enhancing...
Renal and hepatic histopathology of intraperitoneally administered potassium permanganate on Clarias gariepinus juveniles
October 2016
The biochemistry and histopathology of intraperitoneally administered potassium permanganate was investigated in Clarias gariepinus. Acute toxicity of the KMnO4 was determined by intraperitoneally injecting the fish with 0.0, 1.5, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 mg/kg. The 96 h lethal concentration (LC50) value obtained from the intraperitoneal injection of the juveniles of C. gariepinus with KMnO4 was 2.001 mg/kg KMnO4 at 95%...
Drying kinetics of Baru almond (Dipteryx alata Vog) used for the production of biodiesel
October 2016
This study aimed to evaluate the drying kinetics of Baru (Dipteryx alata Vog), fit different mathematical models to the experimental values as a function of the water content, determine the diffusion coefficient and energy of Baru almonds during the drying process. Baru almonds were dried at 50, 60 and 70°C temperatures in a tray dryer until the water content reached 13% b.u. A non-linear regression analysis was...
Molecular screening of rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm for Xa4, xa5 and Xa21 bacterial leaf blight (BLB) resistant genes using linked marker approach
October 2016
Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) has now become one of major rice diseases. During recent years, its occurrence has increased in Pakistan, particularly in ‘Kallar tract’ which is well-known for quality rice cultivation. Development of new resistant varieties by utilizing the available resistant gene-pool is most reliable breeding technique for the plant breeders. The...
DNA markers reveal genetic structure and localized diversity of Ethiopian sorghum landraces
October 2016
North Eastern Ethiopia is a major sorghum-growing region. A total of 415 sorghum landraces were sampled to represent the range of agro-ecologies (three altitude ranges) as well as spatial heterogeneity, that is, 4 zones: North Welo, South Welo, Oromiya and North Shewa with each zone containing 2 to 5 districts. The landraces were genotyped with simple sequence repeats (SSR) and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR)...
Comparison of protease production from newly isolated bacterial strains T5, T3 and H3 after immobilization
October 2016
Protease has gained a very important position in many industries such as food, pharmaceutical, chemical and leather industries. In this research, protease was obtained from bacteria. The bacterial strain was obtained from soil which was collected from different areas of Lahore, Pakistan. Fermentation medium (by using sub-merged fermentation technique) was incubated for 48 h at 37°C temperature and agitation speed of...
Lipase production from a wild (LPF-5) and a mutant (HN1) strain of Aspergillus niger
October 2016
In this study, a wild (LPF-5) and a mutant (HN1) strain of A. niger were compared for lipase production. Several physical parameters (carbon source, nitrogen source, pH, temperature and incubation period) were optimized for maximization of lipase production. Lipase activity between wild type and mutant strain were compared. Among all carbon sources, mixture of glucose (1%, w/v) and olive oil (1%, v/v) exhibited maximum...
SIM2PeD– Intelligent monitoring system for prevention of diabetic foot
October 2016
Diabetes is an endocrine chronic disease that causes high blood sugar level, produced by retardation in, or deficiency of, glucose metabolism in the body of the individual with the disease. Neuropathies and/or angiopathies are complications of diabetes that result in changes in the lower limbs which subsequently evolve for the diabetic foot. Diabetic foot represents one of the most devastating complications of diabetes...
Antioxidant assessment on promethazinr HCl decomposition using RP-HPLC assay method
October 2016
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different sodium metabisulfite (SMBS) concentrations under a variety of ICH recommended test conditions. An attempt was made to test the feasibility of increasing shelf life when stored under different conditions. The promethazine hydrochloride (HCL) sample solutions used according to USP 24 and BP 1999 were prepared using different concentration of sodium...
In vitro regeneration of disease free enset [Ensete ventricosum (Welw) Cheesman] planting materials from bacterial wilt diseased plants using shoot tip culture
October 2016
Enset is an important food crop produced in Ethiopia with great role in food security. The demand of the crop is increasing throughout the country. However, the production as a whole is decreasing due to devastation by enset bacterial wilt. The studies were conducted to develop the procedure for obtaining multiple disease free plantlets from infected enset plants. Shoot tip explants from infected suckers of three clones...
Screening of spontaneous castor bean accesses for genetic improvement programs
October 2016
The objective of this work was to identify, through the use of multivariate analysis, the spontaneous accesses of castor bean that show promising characteristics for inclusion in genetic improvement programs of this culture in Brazil. The study was conducted at the Paulista State University, Jaboticabal Campus. The accesses of castor bean seeds obtained were identified as ACS-001-CRSP, ACS-001-JASP, ACS-001-MASP,...
Assessment of the genetic diversity of Kenyan coconut germplasm using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers
October 2016
Genetic diversity and relationship among 48 coconut individuals (Cocos nucifera L.) collections from the Coastal lowland of Kenya were analyzed using 15 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs. Diversity parameters were calculated using Popgene Software version 1.31. The gene diversity values ranged from 0.0408 (CAC68) to 0.4861 (CAC23) with a mean value of 0.2839. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values...
Evaluation of various pesticides-degrading pure bacterial cultures isolated from pesticide-contaminated soils in Ecuador
October 2016
Due to the intensive use of pesticides within the greenhouse-rose production, remediation of polluted soils has become a hot topic for researchers in recent decades. Several bacterial strains having the ability to utilize various pesticides as a sole source of carbon and energy were isolated from pesticide-contaminated soils of Urcuquí, Ecuador. According to phenotypical, physiological, and biochemical...
Use of response surface methodology to optimize the drying conditions of a bioactive ingredient derived from the African opaque sorghum beer
October 2016
The present work aims to optimize the heat drying conditions of a bioactive feed ingredient derived from the African opaque sorghum beer. The bioactive ingredient was dried at various temperatures 35 to 50°C and times 5 to 24 h. The effects of the drying conditions on the dry matter, water activity, pH, titratable acidity, bacteriocin, ethanol, lactic acid, yeasts, lactic acid bacteria contents and antimicrobial...
Comparison of four nonlinear growth models for effective exploration of growth characteristics of turbot Scophthalmus maximus fish strain
October 2016
This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness for non-linear growth models designated as Chapman-Richards, Gompertz, Logistic and von Bertalanffy for selection of fast-growing fish strain of turbot Scophthalmus maximus. These models were compared using the goodness of fit (the coefficient of determination (R2) and the mean square error (MSE)) and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the growth...
Genetic determinants of antifungal resistance in Candida species
October 2016
In the previous decades, it has been an increase in cases of resistance to antifungal agents used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by Candida species. The emergence of resistance to drug classes, it is usually explained by genome alterations ranging from point mutations to gain or loss of whole chromosomes. Therefore, identify and understand into the molecular mechanisms that underlie resistance of...
Phylogenetic relationships of the genus Quercus L. (Fageceae) from three different sections
October 2016
In this study, the genetic diversity of 6 oak species known as Quercus coccifera L., Q. robur L., Q. infectoria Oliver, Q. cerris L., Q. ithaburensis subsp. macrolepsis (Kotschy) Hedge and Yalt. and Q. trojana P.B. Webb in 18 populations was screened using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA method (RAPD). 10 RAPD primers giving the best results produced 262 total loci. The highest and lowest band sizes...
Enzymatic regulation of organic acid metabolism in an alkali-tolerant halophyte Chloris virgata during response to salt and alkali stresses
October 2016
Chloris virgata, an alkali-tolerant halophyte, was chosen as the test material for our research. The seedlings of C. virgata were treated with varying salt and alkali stress. First, the composition and content of organic acids in shoots were analyzed and the results indicated that there was not only a significant increase in total organic acids, but there were also obvious changes in different components of organic...
Preliminary investigation into the chemical composition of the invasive brown seaweed Sargassum along the West Coast of Ghana
September 2016
The arrival of the invasive brown seaweed Sargassum in the Western Region of Ghana was first reported in 2009. This impacted negatively on biodiversity, tourism and the livelihoods of the coastal communities. The objectives of the study among others were to identify and determine the nutritional and toxicological contents of the seaweed. Twenty four samples collected from 6 zones along the Western Region were analysed....
Evaluation of the simultaneous effects of a heat stabilized starter concentration and the duration of fermentation on the quality of the opaque sorghum beer
September 2016
This study evaluates the simultaneous effect of dried starter concentration and fermentation duration on the quality characteristics of the African opaque sorghum beer using response surface methodology. The aim was to improve the beer quality and to optimize its fermentation process. Results show that the granule starter concentration and the fermentation duration have significant effects on the dry matter, refractive...
A novel sampler for limnological investigation in developing world
September 2016
A simple pump sampler for shallow water bodies, constructed with materials that are affordable and readily available in the local market is presented. It is simple to operate and no electric motor is required. The challenge of cost of acquisition of conventional samplers for sampling the lentic habitat, especially small water bodies such as small natural lakes, rivers, streams and reservoirs for fisheries and water...
Improved embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration in big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), a potential bioenergy feedstock
September 2016
The objective of this study was to develop an efficient regeneration protocol in big bluestem, a potential feedstock that produces huge biomass. Embryogenic calli were induced from the seeds of cultivars, Kaw and Earl, on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 5.0 mg l-1) alone or in combination with 6-benzylaminopurine (BA)...
Development of simple kinetic models and parameter estimation for simulation of recombinant human serum albumin production by Pichia pastoris
September 2016
In order to describe and predict the growth and expression of recombinant proteins by using a genetically modified Pichia pastoris, we developed a number of unstructured models based on growth kinetic equation, fed-batch mass balance and the assumptions of constant cell and protein yields. The growth of P. pastoris on both glycerol and methanol could be represented by Monod kinetic equation. A simple simulation...
Natural occurrence and pathogenicity of Xanthomonas bacteria on selected plants
September 2016
The bacterial genus Xanthomonas consists of several species of economic importance, among which Xanthomonas campestris pv.musacearum (Xcm), the cause of enset and banana wilt is the most important in tropical Africa. However, the natural occurrence and host range of this species is yet to be clarified. The objectives of this study were to verify the presence of Xanthomonas bacteria on plants growing in and around...
In vitro methods for mutation induction in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
September 2016
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important vegetable and staple crop worldwide and mainly propagated vegetatively. Breeding of potato is problematic and therefore induced mutation is an attractive means of improving the crop. In vitro culture systems, and especially the production of micro-tubers, are ideal for such purposes in potato improvement. Radio-sensitivity testing (growth reduction, GR and lethal dose, LD)...
Molecular identification of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto Giles (formerly Anopheles gambiae Savannah Form) in Kamuli District, Uganda
September 2016
Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto Giles (formerly A. gambiae S molecular form), the largely anthropophilic species, is reportedly the most important malaria vector in Uganda among the A. gambiae complex species. Indoor and outdoor human-biting mosquitoes were caught for four consecutive nights in each of 48 households in Kamuli district using human-baited bed net traps for subsequent identification of the principal...
Antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticle synthesized by marine actinomycetes in reference with standard antibiotics against hospital acquired infectious pathogens
September 2016
Multi resistance to antibiotics is a serious and disseminated clinical problem, common to several new compounds that block the resistance mechanism. The present study aimed at the comparative study of silver nanoparticles synthesized through actinomycetes and their antimicrobial metabolites with standard antibiotic. Marine actinomycetes collected from Gulf mannar costal region, Kayalpatnam, located at Tuticorin...
Callus induction, direct and indirect organogenesis of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc)
September 2016
The present study aimed to induce callus, direct and indirect organogenesis of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc) by using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators. Shoot tip, in vitro leaf and root segments were used as explants to induce callus by MS medium containing (0.00 as control, 0.5, 1.00, 2.00 and 3.00 mg/L) of 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid...
Somatic polyploidization and characterization of induced polyploids of Dioscorea rotundata and Dioscorea cayenensis
September 2016
Genetic improvement of major food yams is constrained by a number of factors, such as the scarcity of flowers and lack of synchronization between male and female flowering. Consequently, somaclonal variation including somatic polyploidization has been considered as a useful tool in yam breeding. Somatic polyploidization and its effect on phenotypic traits of Dioscorea species such as D. alata, D. japonica and D....
Coating with fungicide and different doses of fertilizer in vinhatico seeds
September 2016
Plathymenia reticulata Benth occurs in open formations of the Brazilian Cerrado and Atlantic Forest. The seeds are affected by pathogens that reduce germination. The use of fungicides is defined for many species, but, for forest species, further studies are necessary. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate and identify the physical and physiological quality of mahogany seeds that are coated with fertilizer and...
Growth, ectomycorrhization and biochemical parameters of Quercus suber L. seedlings under drought conditions
September 2016
Drought conditions are the major constraint to the early establishment of Quercus suber species. However, drought responses of this species depend on provenances. The objective of this study was to obtain more comprehensive knowledge on the influence of drought conditions on the response of Q. suber L. seedlings originating from Algeria. Soil water status in soil (SWC) and relative water content (RWC) in leaves,...
Characterisation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae hybrids selected for low volatile acidity formation and the production of aromatic Sauvignon blanc wine
September 2016
Wine yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) vary in their ability to develop the full aroma potential of Sauvignon blanc wine due to an inability to release volatile thiols. Subsequently, the use of ‘thiol-releasing’ wine yeasts (TRWY) has increased in popularity. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that some commercially available TRWY intermittently exhibit undesirable characteristics for example, volatile...
Germination, growth and physiological responses of Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton, Vachellia seyal (Delile) P. Hurter and Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC to salinity stress in greenhouse conditions
September 2016
Salinity is among the most widespread environmental threats to global plant production, especially in arid and semi-arid climates. Thus, the selection of salt tolerant species is necessary for sustainable plant productivity. The purpose of this study was to measure and understand the salt tolerance of three multipurpose trees used in reforestation programs in many Sahelian countries (Senegalia senegal, Syn. Acacia...
Perennial soybean seeds coated with high doses of boron and zinc
September 2016
The objective of this work was to study combinations of high doses of boron (B) and zinc (Zn) in the recoating of perennial soybean seeds, in order to provide these nutrients to the future plants. The physical, physiological and nutritional characteristics of the coated seeds and initial development of plants in a greenhouse were evaluated. Tests carried out in the laboratory were conducted in a completely randomized...
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Jatropha curcas leaf explants with a fungal chitinase gene
September 2016
Jatropha curcas L. oil has been shown to be suitable for the production of biodiesel. However, this species has not been domesticated yet. Genetic breeding through conventional methods is time consuming and costly, hence, genetic transformation could contribute positively to the improvement of interesting traits. Although in vitro regeneration and stable genetic transformation has been pursued for several years,...
Somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryos and thin cell layers (TCLs) of Brazilian oil palm (Elaeis guineensis × Elaeis oleifera)
September 2016
Oil palm hybrid BRS Manicoré is important for plantations in the north of Brazil, as it is resistant to fatal yellowing and is compact. Seed germination is slow and reduced, so somatic embryogenesis is a promising alternative for its propagation. Two kinds of starting explants were used: Zygotic embryos (ZE) and thin cell layers (TCL) from the base of seedling aerial parts. Two culture medium formulae were...
The rolling circle amplification and next generation sequencing approaches reveal genome wide diversity of Kenyan cassava mosaic geminivirus
September 2016
Rolling circle amplification is a simple approach of enriching populations of single-stranded DNA plant begomovirus genomes (genus, Begomovirus; family, Geminiviridae). This is an innovative approach that utilizes the robustness of the bacteriophage phi29 DNA polymerase used in circle amplification, together with deep sequencing using Illumina Miseq and bioinformatics to assess population diversity of begomoviruses in...
Genetic diversity of rice (Oryza sativa) germplasm from six countries using simple sequence repeats markers
September 2016
This experiment was carried out to determine the genotypic variation among rice (Oryza sativa) accessions using simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. In the present study, a total of 12 SSR markers were used across 87 rice accessions from six countries. NTSYS-pc and PowerMarker software were used for data analysis. Six primers out of these 12 primers showed DNA amplification and polymorphism among the 87 rice...
Comparison between Giemsa and Van Geison stains in demonstration of collagen fibers (Kosti-2016)
September 2016
Trichrome stain (such as Van Geison) is usually used in histopathology laboratory for demonstration of collagenic fibers. Lack of selectivity and tendency of stain to fade makes van Gieson not ideal for collagen demonstration. This study was aimed to compare between Giemsa's and van Gieson's stains in collagen fibers demonstration. Twenty biopsies were obtained from rabbit’s skin after anesthesia by...
Influence of recirculation rate on the performance of a combined anaerobic-aerobic reactor applied to the removal of carbon and nitrogen from poultry slaughterhouse wastewater
September 2016
The objective of this study was to evaluate a combined anaerobic-aerobic upflow fixed-bed reactor with liquid phase recirculation for the removal of nitrogen and organic matter from poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. The reactor performance was evaluated with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 11 h and three different recirculation rates (R=0.5; 1 and 2). The highest nitrogen removal efficiency value was obtained with...
Physiological responses by Billbergia zebrina (Bromeliaceae) when grown under controlled microenvironmental conditions
September 2016
Sucrose, the most commonly used carbon source in conventional in vitro culture, and limited air exchange in the culture containers are factors that affect the growth of in vitro-cultured plants. They may induce physiological disorders and decrease the survival rate of plants after transfer to ex vitro conditions. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of gas exchange and sucrose concentration on...
Growth and physiological aspects of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) under saline stress and exogenous application of proline
September 2016
This study aimed to evaluate growth and physiological aspects of ‘All Big’ bell pepper, under saline stress and exogenous application of proline on the leaves. The research was conducted in pots adapted as drainage lysimeters under greenhouse conditions, using sandy-loam eutrophic Regolithic Neosol, in the municipality of Campina Grande-PB, Brazil. The experiment was set in randomized blocks, in order to...
Fruit production and quality of guava ‘Paluma’ as a function of humic substances and soil mulching
September 2016
The uses of humic substances and organic residues for soil mulching have been more common during last years. This way, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the fruit quality and yield of guava cv. Paluma as a function of humic substances and organic soil mulching in Brazil. The experiment was performed from January 2012 to June 2013 (first trial) and from July to November 2013 (second trial) using a randomized...
Optimization of somatic embryogenesis procedure for commercial clones of Theobroma cacao L.
September 2016
The first objective of this study was to assess and optimize somatic embryo production in a genetically diverse range of cacao genotypes. The primary and secondary somatic embryogenesis response of eight promising cacao clones and a positive control was evaluated using modified versions of standard protocols. The second objective was to optimize the efficiency of primary somatic embryogenesis for a commercially...
Ex-vivo evaluation of crab shell chitosan as absorption enhancer in ciprofloxacin tablet formulation
September 2016
This study was aimed at evaluating crab shell chitosan as absorption enhancer in ciprofloxacin tablet formulation using the ex-vivo model. Six batches of ciprofloxacin tablets containing varying concentrations of crab shell-derived chitosan ranging from 0 to 5% w/w at 1% w/w intervals were produced. Batch CTS-0 containing no chitosan served as the control. The crushing strength, friability, disintegration time,...
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