December 2015
The simulation analysis of contact characteristics of biomimetic flexible surfaces
Based on the foot structure of the climbing biology and multivariate coupling bionic technology, the bionic flexible convex surface was designed and a 3D model was created using the digital modeling software. Finite Element Analysis software was used for contacting analysis to the bionic flexible convex foot structure in the state of dry friction and wet adhesion, and then studied frictional contact performance. The...
December 2015
Application of solar treatment for the disinfection of geophagic clays from markets and mining sites
Most of the microorganisms occurring in geophagic clays are undesirable and may to some extent be harmful to geophagists; it is therefore important to develop a cheap and sustainable technique for the treatment of these clays prior to consumption. In this study, a solar treatment simulated in a chamber has been investigated for its potential to inactivate the microorganisms found in the geophagic clays obtained from...
December 2015
Pathogen detection and gut bacteria identification in Apis cerana indica in Thailand
Pathogen infection of honeybees can lead to economic losses in apiculture. The earlier the pathogen contamination can be found the better it will likely be for the treatment of the infected colony and prevention of the spread of the pathogen within and between colonies. A total of 50 colonies of Apis cerana were sampled in Samut-Songkhram (five colonies) and Chumphon (45 colonies) provinces in the central and the south...
December 2015
Adaptability and stability of transgenic soybean lines and cultivars in the Brazilian macroregion 3 assessed by using parametric and nonparametric methods
This study aimed to evaluate the adaptability and stability of 20 soybean genotypes, ten of which were lines of Monsoy Ltd breeding program, whereas the other 10 genotypes were commercially used cultivars. The experiments were carried out in the agricultural years of 2005/2006 and 2006/2007, in Brazil, specifically in the soybean microregions 301, 302 and 303 (part of Minas Gerais, Goiás and São Paulo...
December 2015
Application of multivariate analysis to evaluate the biochemical changes in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) after exposure to water stress and silicon applications
The objective of the present work was to verify, through multivariate analysis, the behavior patterns of biochemical compounds in forage sorghum, submitted to different silicon applications and water stress. Experiment with forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), variety BR 700, was conducted in a greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2×4 factorial arrangement with seven...
December 2015
Phyto-nutrient composition and antioxidative potential of ethanolic leaf extract of Sida acuta in wistar albino rats
Phytochemical, micronutrient composition and anti-oxidative potential of ethanolic leaf extract of Sida acuta in albino wistar rats were investigated using standard analytical methods. The result (mg/100 g) for phytochemical composition were 91.46 ± 0.02 tannin, 1500.36 ± 0.36 alkaloid, 530.27 ± 0.03 saponin, 1163.86 ± 0.1 flavonoid, 1454.50 ± 0.85 steriod, 115.29 ± 0.05...
December 2015
Surveys of virus diseases on pepper (Capsicum spp.) in South-west Nigeria
Surveys to determine the incidence, diversity and distribution of viruses infecting pepper (Capsicum spp.) were conducted in six states (Oyo, Ondo, Osun, Ogun, Ekiti and Lagos) of South-west Nigeria in 2010 and 2011. Leaf samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants were collected at random from farmers’ fields and were analyzed for viruses using antigen coated plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay...
December 2015
Detection of beet necrotic yellow vein virus in Pakistan using bait-plant bioassay, ELISA and RT-PCR
The Northwestern plains of Pakistan are the major sugar beet producing region in the country, providing an important alternative to sugar cane for sugar production when sugar cane is absent in the fields. We surveyed this region for four consecutive years and found that Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) is prevalent in at least five of these districts (Peshawar, Charsadda, Nowshera, Mardan and Swabi). An increase...
December 2015
Minerals and trace elements in domesticated Namibian Ganoderma species
Edible and medicinal mushrooms are regarded as the ideal health foods. They are well appreciated for their exquisite taste and flavor and are consumed both fresh and in processed forms. Nutritive value of mushrooms is attributed to their high content of essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals and low lipid content. Regular consumption of whole medicinal and edible mushrooms could introduce a functional or medicinal...
December 2015
Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices, Streptomyces and Pseudomonas spp. strain on finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) cv Korchara under water deficit condition
In present study, a total of 104 bacteria and 96 actinomycetes were isolated from rhizosphere plant root of finger millet (Eleusine coracana) from Almora district of Uttarakhand, India. Isolates were characterized using microscopic and morphological methods followed by their biochemical test. Based on functional tests, four most promising isolates were identified using 23S rDNA primers as Streptomyces labedae (SB-9),...
December 2015
Isolation and characterization of efficient cellulolytic fungi from degraded wood and industrial samples
Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer and renewable natural product in the biosphere. Cellulose degrading fungal strains play an important role in recycling of cellulosic materials. They have immense advantage in various industries to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates for production of various products. This study was thus aimed to isolate and characterize efficient cellulose degrading fungi from their common natural...
November 2015
Biological activities of species in the genus Tulbaghia: A review
Since time immemorial, plants have been used by several communities to treat a large number of diseases. Numerous studies on the pharmacology of medicinal plants have been done. Medicinal plants constitute a potential source for the production of new medicines and may complement conventional antimicrobials and probably decrease health costs. Phytochemical compounds in plants are known to be biologically active aiding,...
November 2015
Techno-economic analysis of fuel ethanol production from cassava in Africa: The case of Tanzania
The abundance of low-cost feedstock is of great importance for reinforcing industrialization of bioethanol as a sustainable source of eco-friendly energy. This paper describes improved techniques that increase the root productivity of cassava (Manihot esculenta) and its conversion to bioethanol. A variety of models and analytical approaches were used to choose the best technologies, considering various levels of...
November 2015
Stimulatory activity of four green freshwater sponges on aquatic mycotal communities
The influence of the four species of green sponges (Ephydatia muelleri, Heteromeyenia stepanowii, Spongilla fluviatilis, and Spongilla lacustris) on the occurrence of aquatic mycotal species in the water of three four water bodies of different trophy was investigated in this study. Seeds and snake exuviae were used as baits. For the measurement of the primary and extracellular production by symbiotic algae of green...
November 2015
Polyphenolic constituents and antioxidant/antiradical activity in different extracts of Alstonia scholaris (Linn.)
Alstonia scholaris (Linn.) leaves extracted in aqueous, dichloromethane (DCM), methanolic and ethanolic solvents were assessed for different polyphenolic constituents endowed with antioxidant/antiradical activity. Total phenolic, flavonoids and tannin contents were significantly (P<0.05) higher in ethanolic extract as compared to other extracts. The antiradical activity and efficiency was significantly (P<0.05)...
November 2015
Sugarcane in vitro culture technology: Opportunities for Kenya’s sugar industry
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is one of the most important crops in Kenya and has wide range of economic importance. The sugar industry contributes up to 15% to the country’s agricultural gross domestic product and an estimated 25% of the population depends on the industry for their livelihood. However, the industry has been facing several challenges including declining yields due to use of poor quality...
November 2015
Production of α-amylase from some thermophilic Aspergillus species and optimization of its culture medium and enzyme activity
This paper aimed to evaluate the thermophilic and hyperthermophilic fungi isolated from extreme conditions capable of secreting α-amylase, an enzyme that has a commercial value especially in the production of bread in the food industry and also to ensure their optimization. In this study, thermostable amylase activities of some thermophilic Aspergillus species were evaluated. The suitable medium and microorganisms...
November 2015
Bacillus sp. R2 α-amylase production optimization: Pasta cooking water as medium of amylase production
α-Amylases (EC 3.2.1.1; 1,4-α-D-glucanglucanohydrolase) are enzymes that are widely studied and used in industries. Their major source is microorganisms. This study aimed to prepare a readily available medium for industrial amylase production. An optimization of amylase production conditions by Bacillus sp. R2 and medium composition were done. Pasta cooking water was selected as basal medium due to its...
November 2015
Validating simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for introgression of stay-green quantitative trait loci (QTLs) into elite sorghum lines
Considerable effort has been made to improve drought-stress tolerance in sorghum by incorporating the stay-green trait into drought-susceptible elite sorghum varieties. Keeping track of the several genes involved in the expression of this complex trait during the breeding program is an enormous task. In this study, the fidelity of recently identified SSR markers were tested for introgression of stay-green QTLs into...
November 2015
In vitro transformation of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L). R. BR.): Selection of chlorsulfuron-resistant plants and long term expression of the gus gene under the control of the emu promoter
The plasmids pULGU1 and pEmuGN were introduced by biolistics in embryogenic cell suspensions of pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum. The plasmid pULGU1 contained the mutant acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana, responsible for resistance to the chlorsulfuron herbicide. The plasmid pEmuGN carried the reporter β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene of Escherichia coli. Two months after bombardment of the cells,...
November 2015
Influence of enzymes and ascorbic acid on dough rheology and wheat bread quality
The combined action of ascorbic acid and two commercial enzymatic complexes containing amylase and xylanase/amylase was analyzed to determine their effects on dough rheology and bread quality. Seven bread formulations containing different concentrations of these improvers were used in the analysis. The rheological properties of each dough formulation were determined by moisture, gluten and farinograph tests. The breads...
November 2015
Spectral analysis and anti-bacterial activity of methanolic fruit extract of Citrullus colocynthis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Phytochemicals are chemical compounds often referred to as secondary metabolites. Thirty three bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Citrullus colocynthis. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight and molecular formula. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of C. colocynthis revealed the existence of...
November 2015
Investigations of antioxidant and antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica
Active ingredients of medicinal plants have been used to cure several human diseases. Azadirachta indica is one of the most versatile medicinal plants having a wide spectrum of biological activity due to the presence of large number of bioactive compounds. The present study was conducted to evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant efficiency and phytochemical screening of A. indica leaf extract using methanol as a...
November 2015
In vitro antifungal activity of Dorstenia mannii leaf extracts (Moraceae)
The leaves of Dorstenia mannii are used in traditional medicine in Cameroon and other African countries for the treatment of infectious diseases like malaria, skin rashes and stomach disorders. To substantiate this folkloric claim, the crude methanol extract and fractions from the leaves of D. mannii were investigated for their antifungal activity. The crude methanol extract was prepared from powdered dried leaves of...
November 2015
Selection of okra parents based on performance and genetic divergence
A total of 200 okra accessions with wide variability and a potential for genetic improvement were stored in the Vegetables Germplasm Bank of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV-BGH) in Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The objective of this work was to select parents by genetic divergence and behavior per se in 70 okra accessions from the BGH-UFV by quantitative and qualitative descriptors of economic...
November 2015
Evaluation of genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationship using sequence-tagged microsatellite (STMS) sequences in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes
The current investigation was carried out to analyse the genetic diversity estimates between 125 chickpea genotypes using sequence-tagged microsatellite (STMS) markers. Thirty one STMS primers generated a total of 153 loci (an average of 4.94 loci per primer) out of which 129 loci were found to be polymorphic and 24 loci were monomorphic. The value of PIC varied from 0.128 to 0.783 while the resolving power varied from...
November 2015
Genetic diversity of bitter and sweet African bush mango trees (Irvingia spp., Irvingiaceae) in West and Central Africa
Economically important food tree species in sub-Saharan Africa should be domesticated to enhance their production within agro forestry systems. The African bush mango trees (Irvingia species) are highly preserved and integrated in agro forestry systems in tropical Africa. However, the taxonomic debate related to the species or varietal status of the bitter and sweet fruited African bush mango trees hinders their...
November 2015
Glycerine associated molecules with herbicide for controlling Adenocalymma peregrinum in cultivated pastures
The weed Adenocalymma peregrinum that is popularly known in Brazil as “ciganinha”, belongs to the family Bignoniaceae. The only way to control this plant species in crop fields is by the application of herbicides on the stump or directly on the stem. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of glycerine in controlling A. peregrinum (MIERS) L.G.Lohmann when applied on the stem. The glycerin used as a...
November 2015
Response of maize (Zea mays L.) to combined application of organic and inorganic (soil and foliar applied) fertilizers
A field trial was carried out in the 2013 cropping season at the Teaching and Research Farm of Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria (08° 42” 48.5N and 004° 26 17.9” E ) to assess the response of early maturing maize variety (TZEE-Y) when using organic poultry manure (pm) alone or in combination with inorganic (NPK) and foliar fertilizer (ff) (boost xtra). The treatments were: pm 5.0 t ha-1 + ff,...
November 2015
Susceptibility of Algerian pepper cultivars (Capsicum annuum L) to Phytophthora capsici strains from different geographic areas
Ten pepper cultivars (Capsicum annuum L), that is, Doux D’Alger, Sonar, Esterel, Doux, Marconi, Magister, Belconi, Italico II, Lipari, Arabal, and Doux d’Espagne commercially grown in Algeria were inoculated with six isolates of Phytophthora capsici Leon, and susceptibility of pepper was assessed by evaluation of disease severity in different plant organs. The cultivar Italico II was found to be more...
November 2015
Drying of enzyme immobilized on eco-friendly supports
Endophytic fungus Cercospora kikuchii lipase was immobilized on agroindustrial by-products and dried by oven, freeze and spray drying. Spray drying showed the best performance regarding the drying technologies evaluated. Microcrystalline cellulose and rice husk showed the best result since they retained almost 100% of lipase activity after drying. Immobilized derivatives obtained had decreased enzyme activity (»...
November 2015
Purification and characterization of phenoloxidase from immunized haemolymph of Schistocerca gregaria
Phenoloxidase (PO) is a key factor in insect immunity. On invasion of microorganisms and pathogens, prophenoloxidase (PPO) changes to its active form, PO. The present study has been conducted to purify and characterize the PO from the haemolymph of desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal) following activation of immune system by invasion of bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Bt). PO is purified by a...
October 2015
Genetic characterization of angular leaf spot resistance in selected common bean landraces from Tanzania
Angular leaf spot disease (ALS) caused by Pseudocercospora griseola is one of the most important bean diseases in Tanzania. The bean landraces Beti-10, Nanka, Nanavala and Nkanamna used in this study have been identified as resistant to ALS but the nature of inheritance and mechanisms of resistance against ALS in those potential sources has not been elucidated. This information is crucial and a necessary first step for...
October 2015
Laboratory study on influence of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on growth response and tolerance of Zea mays to petroleum hydrocarbon
The influence of rhizobacteria on the growth and tolerance of Zea mays (maize) in a petroleum hydrocarbon (crude oil) impacted medium was investigated. This study evaluated the effect of inoculating maize seeds with plant growth promoting rhizobacterial strains in a crude oil impacted medium. The rhizobacterial strains used in this study were tested for plant growth promoting traits [indole-3-acetic acid production,...
October 2015
Milk quality in high production systems during dry and rainy seasons according to normative instruction N° 62
This study aimed to evaluate the milk quality of crossbred cows from five production systems according to the quality parameters required by Normative Instruction No. 62 (NI 62). Five different production systems were used, with different environmental and sanitary conditions, and with animals from different breeds in two seasons: dry and rainy. Three individual milk samples were collected from animals in the five...
October 2015
Bioguided investigation of the antimalarial activities of Trema orientalis (L.) Blume leaves
Malaria remains a major public health concern which affects millions of people, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. The need for the development of alternate treatment means has become critical because of the emergence of resistance to nearly all antimalarial drugs (Kim and Schneider, 2013). Trema orientalis (L.) Blume (Ulmaceae) is used locally for the treatment of malaria. This study was designed to determine the...
October 2015
Antibacterial activity of secondary metabolites isolated from Alternaria alternata
The aims of this study were the analysis of the secondary metabolites and evaluation of the antibacterial and antifungal activity of Alternaria alternata. Twenty six bioactive compounds were identified in methanolic extract of Alternaria alternata. The identification of bioactive chemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight and molecular formula. GC-MS analysis of A. alternata revealed...
October 2015
Drug resistant Salmonella in broiler chicken sold at local market in Bangladesh and its public health significance
Salmonella is a globally widespread food-borne pathogen having major impact on public health. Salmonellosis is an infection with bacteria called Salmonella. Most persons infected with Salmonella develop diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps 12 to 72 h after infection. This study was designed to isolate and identify Salmonella spp. from cloacal swabs of apparently healthy broiler chickens in Bangladesh. Salmonella was...
October 2015
Effect of reproductive status on body condition score, progesterone concentration and trace minerals in sheep and goats reared in South Sinai, Egypt
This study aimed at evaluating the effect of reproductive stage on nutritional status, and hormonal and trace mineral levels in sheep and goats reared in harsh arid conditions in South Sinai, Egypt. Egyptian local breeds of sheep (n=74) and goats (n=58) raised in South Sinai were examined by means of transabdominal ultrasonography to verify single vs. multiple feti pregnancy or non-pregnant status. Serum samples were...
October 2015
Comparison of anther and microspore culture in androgenic embryogenesis and regeneration of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica P.)
The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of broccoli anther and microspore culture methods for doubled haploid (DH) lines production. We evaluated the main influencing factors and optimized the culture methods to improve embryo induction and plant regeneration for efficient doubled haploid production in broccoli breeding. Six broccoli hybrids were used in this study. Our results show that generally, the...
October 2015
Suppressive effects of a polymer sodium silicate solution on powdery mildew and root rot diseases of miniature rose
Sodium silicate was dissolved in water in either a monomer form or polymer form; the effects of both forms of sodium silicate aqueous solution on rose powdery mildew and root rot diseases of miniature rose were examined. Both forms of sodium silicate aqueous solution were applied to the roots of the miniature rose. Potassium silicate aqueous solution was used as a control and was compared to the effect of sodium...
October 2015
Toxic effects of Ricinus communis non-protein trypsin inhibitor on Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)
In the study reported herein, we aimed to isolate a trypsin inhibitor from Ricinus communis leaves through chromatographic and spectrometric techniques and evaluate its toxic effects on the development of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae. Plant extracts were submitted to fractionation in adsorption column. The fraction 10, which showed the highest inhibitory activity, were incorporated into an artificial diet at the...
October 2015
The efficacy of palm oil sludge in reducing ruminal methanogenesis using rumen simulation technique
The effect of including palm oil sludge in cattle diet (silage) was conducted in vitro in order to ascertain the suppressing effect on ruminal methanogenesis. The silage used for the study was Panicum maximum, Centrocema pubscens, Bracharia decumbens and Andropogon gayanus. The silage were cut into an average size of 3 to 5 cm and ensiled for 21 days. Four treatment diets were formulated with the silage by including...
October 2015
Heterogeneous expression and functional evaluation of in silico characterized recombinant OmpC of Salmonella Typhimurium as a functional poultry vaccine to eradicate zoonotic transmission
Salmonellosis is one of the major global health concerns leading to millions of deaths annually. The present vaccines not being up to the mark necessitate the need for the development of new generation vaccines. Outer membrane proteins (Omps) of several Gram negative bacteria have been investigated and found to be immunogenic and protective. The present study explores the potential of a major porin protein (OmpC) of...
October 2015
Use of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for screening blue disease resistance in cotton germplasm exchange
Blue disease of cotton is an economically important disease of the crop first described from the Central African Republic and spread to other countries. Brazil and other South American countries record crop losses of up to 80% from infection but no cases of the disease have been reported in Tanzania. Resistance to the disease has been found in African germplasm and transferred to crop cultivars worldwide. Molecular...
October 2015
Antibiosis in Ascia monuste orseis Godart (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) caused by kale genotypes
Ascia monuste orseis (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) is one of the main insect pests of kale. The study was done to identify kale varieties resistant to A. monuste orseis by the antibiosis resistance mechanism. Kale genotypes (26) were evaluated in experiments performed at the Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology of Goiano Federal Institute - Campus Urutaí. A completely randomized experimental design with 50 replicates...
October 2015
Estimation of genetic diversity between three Saudi sheep breeds using DNA markers
The genetic variation of Najdi, Harri and Awassi breeds of Saudi sheep prevailing in Raniah province of Makka district were assessed and compared to Sudanese Desert sheep using random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase cahin reaction (RAPD-PCR) technique. Five primers successfully amplified distinguishable 40 bands with an average of 96% polymorphism revealing that Saudi sheep breeds possess the needed genetic...
October 2015
Determination of lactic acid bacteria in Kaşar cheese and identification by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) arise in Kaşar cheese, an artisanal pasta filata cheese produced in Turkey from raw milk without starter addition or pasteurized milk with starter culture. In this study, 13 samples of Kaşar cheese that were produced from raw milk were used as reference materials. LAB were characterized by using phenotypic, API and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy methods. One hundred and...
October 2015
Profile, antioxidant potential, and applicability of phenolic compounds extracted from Spirulina platensis
This work aimed at an investigation of the profile of free phenolic compounds (PC) of Spirulina platensis and assesses their antioxidant potential, applying them as a natural conservative in minimally processed apples. The phenolic extract showed 396 µg g-1 gallic acid, 347 µg g-1 of caffeic acid, 54 µg g-1 salicylic acid and 3.5 µg g-1 trans-1-cinmamic a total of 608 µg PC g-1 of S....
October 2015
Analysis of bioactive chemical components of two medicinal plants (Coriandrum sativum and Melia azedarach) leaves using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
The main objective of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition in the leaves of Coriandrum sativum, using methanolic extraction and report the main functional components by using IR technique. The phytochemical compounds in the extract were then screened by GC-MS method. Seven bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of C. sativum: 1,6-octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl,...
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