Molecular screening for erythromycin resistance genes in Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from Iraqi patients with tonsilo-pharyngites
July 2015
Streptococcus pyogenes is the leading cause of uncomplicated bacterial pharyngitis and tonsillitis commonly referred to as strep throat. Erythromycin is administered for patients allergy to penicillin. In this study, 125 throat swab samples were collected from children between 2-12 years old with tonsillo-pharyngitis attended to at the AL-Imammain AL-Kadhimain Medical City-Baghdad-Iraq and Pediatric...
Antifungal, acute toxicity and mutagenicity activity of extracts from Datura stramonium, Jacquinia macrocarpa and Krameria erecta on Fusarium verticillioides
July 2015
The effect of Baccharis glutinosa, Jacquinia macrocarpa, and Krameria erecta extracts was investigated on the growth and the spore germination of Fusarium verticillioides (ATCC 52539). Brine shrimp (Artemia salina) was used to evaluate the potential acute toxicity of the fractions obtained from plant extracts. The butanol fraction of J. macrocarpa totally inhibited the radial growth for 144 h and up to 95% after 168 h....
Y-Chromosome short tandem repeat, typing technology, locus information and allele frequency in different population: A review
July 2015
Chromosome Y microsatellites seem to be ideal markers to delineate differences between human populations. They are transmitted in uniparental and they are very sensitive for genetic drift. This review will highlight the importance of the Y- Chromosome as a tool for tracing human evolution and describes some details of Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) analysis. Among them are: microsatellites, amplification using...
In vitro embryo rescue and plant regeneration following self-pollination with irradiated pollen in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
July 2015
Cassava is a highly heterozygous species; hence, current methods used in classical cassava breeding cannot match the urgent need to high yielding varieties. Recently, progress was made through androgenesis and gynogenesis as pathways for raising doubled cassava haploid lines to overcome problems associated with cassava’s inherent reproductive biology, but these efforts were limited (no candidate cassava plantlets...
Suitability and use of two molecular markers to track race-specific resistance striga gesnerioides in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)
July 2015
The obligate root parasitic weed Striga gesnerioides poses a severe constraint to cowpea productivity in the dry savannahs of West and Central Africa, where cowpea is a major crop. At least seven races of S. gesnerioides have been identified within the cowpea-growing regions of West and Central Africa, based on host differential response and genetic diversity analysis. Molecular markers linked to resistance to...
Adventitious shoots induction and plant regeneration from cotyledons of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)
July 2015
A highly efficient regeneration system is a prerequisite step for successful genetic transformation of watermelon cultivars (Citrullus lanatus L.). The objective of this study was to establish efficient in vitro plant regeneration for three watermelon cultivars. To achieve optimal conditions for adventitious shoot induction, the 5-day-old explants (cotyledon base portion, apical portion and hypocotyl) of three cultivars...
Physicochemical, antioxidant, and sensorial properties of peach snacks prepared from different cultivars
July 2015
High potentiality of medicinal benefits of peach have increased its demand, however, supply of fresh fruit to meet the demand is challenging as it grows in specific climatic regions and in particular season. Preparation of varieties of processed peach products could be a good option to supply in lean season. Objective of the study was to assess the quality characteristics of peach snacks prepared from 11 different...
Enrichment and isolation of microbial strains degrading bioplastic polyvinyl alcohol and time course study of their degradation potential
July 2015
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) degrading bacterial strains were isolated from various environmental sites rich in plastic wastes by using the enrichment culture technique. Among the various isolated strains, the selected potent PVA degrading bacterial strains were tentatively characterized as Bacillus and Pseudomonas sp. The time course of the PVA degradation potential of the characterized strains in growth media containing...
Phenotypic characters of yeasts isolated from kpete-kpete, a traditional starter of a Benin opaque sorghum beer
July 2015
Opaque sorghum beers are the most consumed African alcoholic beverages. Tchoukoutou is one of the Benin opaque sorghum beers. Its fermentation process is carried out using a traditional starter called kpete-kpete. The present study characterized and identified the yeasts isolated from kpete-kpete. A total of 24 samples of kpete-kpete were collected from eight different commercial processing sites in Northern Benin. The...
In vitro microtuberization of Black Zira (Bunium persicum Boiss.)
June 2015
Bunium persicum or Black Zira is one of the endangered species in the land of Persia. The main purpose of this study was to investigate microtuberization of B persicumin in order to use in germplasm storage and commercial production. Seeds of B. persicum were used as explant. Different culture media (MS, ½MS and B5) along with different concentrations of jasmonic acid (JA) (0, 2 and 5) were used individually as...
Effects of aqueous extracts of Mucuna sloanei (Fabaceae) seed on haematological parameters of albino rats (Rattus novergicus)
June 2015
Mucuna sloanei is a legume used as a soup thickener by communities in some parts of Africa countries. The effect of aqueous seed extract of M. sloanei on the haematological profile of normal albino rats was investigated for 28 days using standard methods. The results show no overall dose dependent significant difference (p > 0.05) in the serum levels of the white blood cell count, red blood cell count and its indices...
Investigation of stress tolerance of endoglucanases of the cellulosomes of Clostridium cellulolyticum to ethanol
June 2015
Current energy and environmental challenges are driving the use of cellulosic materials for biofuel production. A major obstacle in this pursuit is poor ethanol tolerance among cellulolytic Clostridium species. The objective of this work was to establish a potential upper boundary of ethanol tolerance for the cellulosome itself. The hydrolytic function of crude cellulosome extracts from Clostridium cellulolyticum on...
Fenthion induced toxicity and histopathological changes in gill tissue of freshwater African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)
June 2015
Fenthion is an organophosphate pesticide commonly used in agriculture and public health for the control of insect pests. The present study investigated the toxic effect of fenthion and the histopathological alterations in the gill tissue of African catfish Clarias gariepinus. The 96 h LC50 value of fenthion in C. gariepinus determined by probit analysis was found to be 39.97 mg/L. Fish exposed to different fenthion...
Cellular biomarker responses of bagrid catfish, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus in a contaminated coastal ecosystem
June 2015
An assessment of the pollution status of Agboyi creek, a water body associated with various anthropogenic activities was carried out in order to determine responses induced in Catfishes, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus inhabiting it. Cellular biomarkers of stress including the antioxidative stress enzyme, catalase (CAT), lipid peroxidation measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), as well as serum enzymes...
Expression of GFSKLYFamide-like neuropeptide in the digestive system of the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra (Echinodermata)
June 2015
Neuropeptides are key mediators of physiological processes in animals and a considerable amount of information has been accumulated on their diversity and functions across phyla. However, progress in echinoderm neurobiology has been much slower than others. The sea cucumber Holothuria scabra is an economically important tropical echinoderm species in which a neuropeptide is yet to be identified. This immunohistochemical...
Compound serum and hemin free medium for cultivation of Leishmania tarentolae: A recombinant protein expression system
June 2015
Serum free cultivation of Leishmania is cost-effective and improves large scale production of well-defined parasite material. Moreover, the production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins requires cultivation of the host in a culture medium free of animal materials, so several culture media for Leishmania tarentolae expression system have been introduced. Some investigations have established the development of a...
Genetic diversity in Jatropha species from different regions of Brazil based on morphological characters and inters-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers
June 2015
Jatropha belonging to Euphorbiaceae family has around 170 species distributed throughout tropical semi-arid regions of Africa and the Americas. Some of its species include Jatropha curcas L. (Physic Nut), Jatropha pohliana Müll.Arg. (Brazilian Purging Nut) and Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Black Physic Nut). Phenotypic and genetic studies of a population are important for plant improvements, helping in the...
Optimization of in vitro multiplication for exotic banana (Musa spp.) in Pakistan
June 2015
The present attempt aimed to optimize micropropagation protocols supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0, 2, 4, 6 mg L-1) and indole acetic acid (IAA) (0.5 and 1.0 mg L-1). Exotic banana (Musa spp) genotypes GCTCV-215 (AAA), ‘Yangambi’ Yangambi Km-5 (AAA) and FHIA-23 (AAAA) were used in research work. Experiments were conducted at Plant Tissue Culture...
Growth performance and nutrient quality of three Moringa oleifera accessions grown as potplant under varied manure rates and watering intervals
June 2015
Growth performance and nutrient quality of three Moringa oleifera accessions grown as potherbs under varied manure rates and watering intervals were investigated at the Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The treatments included three accessions of Moringa (Awo-Anaekpa, Idere and Kano), three pig manure rates (0, 10 and 20 t/ha) and three watering intervals (3, 4 and 5 days). These were laid out...
Provenance variation in growth and genetic potential of Aquilaria malaccensis under nursery condition
June 2015
Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. is commonly known as Agarwood which is distributed in the Indo-malesian genus Aquilaria of family Thymelaeaceae known to produce resin-impregnated heartwood that is fragrant and highly valuable. Agarwood is reputed to be the most expensive wood in the world. Twenty two open pollinated families in A. malaccensis were selected and evaluated for growth attributes and genetic divergence. The...
Application of zein antimicrobial edible film incorporating Zataria multiflora boiss essential oil for preservation of Iranian ultrafiltered Feta cheese
June 2015
Zein based edible film was developed and incorporated with Zataria multiflora boiss essential oil. Mechanical and microbiological characteristics of this biofilms were measured. Increasing concentration of antimicrobial agent in film reduced stretchability, tensile strength and elongation, however increased the thickness and water vapor transmission parameters (P<0.05). Addition of Z. multiflora boiss essential oil,...
Minimally processed fruit salad enriched with Lactobacillus acidophilus: Viability of anti-browning compounds in the preservation of color
June 2015
Minimal processing promotes browning of some vegetal tissues due to cell membrane disruption, which results in the release of oxidative enzymes. This study evaluated the efficiency of citric acid, ascorbic acid, sodium metabisulfite and L-cysteine hydrochloride to retard enzymatic browning of minimally processed fruit salad and enriched this product with Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5. Control treatment was fruit...
Physico-chemical and rheological properties of prato cheese during ripening
June 2015
The influence of storage temperature (6, 12 and 18°C) on texture parameters of Prato cheese were evaluated during 22 days of ripening. A reduction of firmness, gumminess and elasticity was observed; however, cohesiveness and adhesiveness increased. With the increasing temperature, firmness and gumminess reduced, whereas the elasticity, cohesiveness and adhesiveness did not change. It can be concluded that storage...
Evaluation of the postharvest quality of Cagaita fruits (Eugenia dysenterica DC.) coated with chitosan and associated with refrigeration
June 2015
Cagaita fruits are subject to seasonality and perishability. This work aims to use scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics, texture, color and physical structure of cagaita fruits coated with different chitosan concentrations. The fruits were divided as follows: T0 (uncoated fruits), T1 (fruits coated with 1% (v/v) chitosan), T2 (fruits coated with 2% (v/v) chitosan) and T3...
Effects of Nigeria Ekete light crude oil on plasma electrolytes, packed cell volume (PCV) and lipids profile in wistar (Rattus norvegicus) rats
June 2015
Hydrocarbon is known to alter blood parameters; some of these blood parameters may affect the activities of certain systems like cardiovascular system. Hydrocarbon gets into man and animal either through ingestion of contaminated food and water, bio-concentration through food chain, occupational exposure or by using hydrocarbon products. Effects of crude oil on plasma electrolytes, packed cell volume (PCV) and plasma...
Therapeutic role of glucogalactan polysaccharide extracted from Agaricus bisporus on trimethyltin chloride induced neuropathy in rats
June 2015
Trimethyltin (TMT) chloride induces limbic system neuro-degeneration, resulting in behavioral alterations including cognitive deficits. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of glucogalactan polysaccharide (GA) which purified from the roots of mushroom Agaricus bisporus extract on the Trimethyltin Chloride (TMT) induced neuropathy in rats. Adult male rats (200 ±10 g) were divided into...
In silico approach to identification of a novel gene responsive to submergence stress in rice
June 2015
Submergence is one of the major constraints to rice production. Bioinformatics approach has been widely used to identify candidate genes on many biological aspects. In the present study, a novel gene involved in submergence stress in rice, Os07g47670 was identified by in silico approach. The amino acid sequence of Os07g47670 is highly homologous to hypoxia-responsive family proteins. No disordered regions are found in...
Construction of a full-length cDNA library and analysis of expressed sequence tags in white jute (Corchorus capsularis L.)
June 2015
White jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) is recognized as an important industrial raw material fibre crop owing to its elite characters. However, little information is known about its molecular basis and genomics. In this study, a complementary DNA library of white jute was constructed and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were characterized. The titers of original and amplified libraries were 2.32 × 107 and 1.07 ×...
Toxicity assessment of modified Cry1Ac1 proteins and genetically modified insect-resistant Agb0101 rice
June 2015
Insect-resistant Agb0101 rice was recently developed by modifying the cry1ac1 gene by changing codon usage changes relative to the native truncated cry1ac1 gene. To assess the toxicity of genetically modified Agb0101 rice, we conducted bioinfomational comparisons of the amino acid sequences that are not similar to known toxic proteins. Sufficient quantities of mCry1Ac1 protein were produced in Escherichia coli for in...
Genetic variations between two ecotypes of Egyptian clover by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) techniques
June 2015
The inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers have been used in order to determine genetic variation and relationship between two clover ecotypes. Ten (10) primers for ISSR were used in this study but only six were successful in generating reproducible and reliable amplicons for different types of the Egyptian clover. The results reveal the polymorphism level by ISSR primers. HB10 ISSR-primer was higher than the rest...
Incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from retail imported mackerel fish
June 2015
During the past few years, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and other species of Enterobacteriaceae have become a matter of great concern in human and veterinary medicine. Several studies in recent years documented the prevalence and occurrence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in food products such as meat, poultry and raw milk; therefore in this pilot study we examined imported...
Screening of yeasts capable of producing cellulase-free xylanase
June 2015
Xylanases have largely been obtained from filamentous fungi and bacteria; few studies have investigated the production of this enzyme by yeasts. The aim of this study was to isolate yeasts from different sources, such as vegetables, cereal grains, fruits, and agro-industrial waste and to obtain yeasts capable of producing celulase-free xylanase. Samples were enriched using yeast malt broth, and yeasts were isolated on...
Recovery of active pathogenesis-related enzymes from the apoplast of Musa acuminata infected by Mycosphaerella fijiensis
June 2015
The fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis causes black Sigatoka (BS) disease, a major pathogen in the banana industry worldwide. Numerous molecular and biochemical studies have been done for the M. fijiensis, Musa acuminata interaction, but this is the first study describing the zymographic behavior of β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase and protease in the apoplast and symplast of healthy, BS-infected but asymptomatic and...
Carotenoids from Phaffia rhodozyma: Antioxidant activity and stability of extracts
June 2015
The main goal of this work was to establish the stability and antioxidant activity of the extracts obtained through different techniques for recovering carotenoids from Phaffia rhodozyma NRRL-Y 17268. The best conditions for extracting carotenoids through cell rupture with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were found to be a particle size of 0.125 mm submitted to freezing temperature (-18°C) for 48 h (272 µg/g). For...
Genetic diversity among some productive genotypes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
June 2015
This research was done at Vegetable Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu during spring and summer seasons, 2007-2009. D2-statistics revealed that β-carotene contributed maximally towards the genetic divergence followed by ascorbic acid, total soluble solids, alcohol insoluble solids, pericarp thickness, lycopene content and...
Production of friable embryogenic callus and regeneration of Ugandan farmer-preferred cassava genotypes
June 2015
Generation of embryogenic callus is a key step in genetic engineering of many crop species, including cassava. Protocols for generation of friable embryogenic callus (FEC) have been lacking for Ugandan cassava genotypes, thereby delaying their genetic engineering for agronomic and other desirable traits. The objective of this study was to determine conditions suitable for production and regeneration of FEC in the...
Dihydrotestostenone increase the gene expression of androgen receptor coregulator FHL2 in human non-transformed epithelial prostatic cells
June 2015
The actions of androgens are mediated through an androgen receptor (AR), and AR activity is modulated by coregulators. The aim of this study was to assess the action of androgens in the expression of AR and the coregulators FHL-2 and SHP-1 in human non-transformed epithelial prostatic cells (HNTEP) treated with androgens. Prostate tissues were obtained from 12 patients between 60 and 77 years of age. HNTEP cells were...
Effects of rumen digesta on the physico-chemical properties of soils in Nsukka, Southeastern Nigeria
June 2015
In tropical and subtropical areas, the importance of organic manure in improving soil physico-chemical properties and crop production for food security cannot be overemphasized. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of rumen digesta on the physical and chemical properties of soils in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. The soil samples collected from Opi, Nsukka were treated with four rates of rumen digesta (viz....
Estimation of heritability and genetic gain in height growth in Ceiba pentandra
June 2015
Ceiba pentandra (L.) has been selected for plantation establishment in Ghana under the National Forest Plantation Development Programme of Ghana (NFPDP). This has led to a rise in demand for its seedlings for large scale commercial plantation establishments with seed of C. pentandra being collected from the wild and used to raise seedlings to meet the demands of the programme. The primary purpose of most of these...
Evaluation of genetic diversity in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) from Wollo high land areas using agro-morphological traits and hordein
June 2015
This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity and relationships among barley varieties (Hordeum vulgare L.) growing at Wollo Highland areas by using hordein and agro-morphological traits. Twenty (20) varieties were laid down in randomized complete block design (RCBD) design with three replications; they were planted by irrigation at Wollo University, Dessie Campus from January to May 2014. The genetic analysis...
Purification and characterization of a new cold active lipase, EnL A from Emericella nidulans NFCCI 3643
June 2015
A mesophilic fungi producing an extracellular cold-active lipase was isolated from the soil samples of palm oil mill effluent dump sites, Pedavegi, West Godavari Dist, A.P. India and was identified as Emericella nidulans. The enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography using phenyl sepharose. The enzyme was 35 fold pure compared to crude with a specific...
Evaluation of methane production features and kinetics of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd waste under mesophilic conditions
June 2015
The objective of this study was to investigate and evaluate the biomethane potential (BMP) of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd waste in Yunnan, China, when subjected to mesophilic anaerobic digestion (AD). Three different categories of plant waste investigated were as follows: the flowers, leaves and stems of B. spectabilia. These three portions were assessed for their BMP in a laboratory-scale batch anaerobic digester...
Purification and characterization of a peroxidase present in xilopodium exsudates of umbu plants (Spondias tuberosa A.)
May 2015
Umbu plants are drought resistant trees which are able to store water and several other substances into its adapted root, named xylopodium. The exsudate from xilopodium is a natural solution rich in salts, sugars and a little concentration of proteins. In this work, we report the purification of a peroxidase (POX) from umbu xilopodium exsudate by direct extraction from polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels. Umbu POX...
Assessment of four different methods for selecting biosurfactant producing extremely halophilic bacteria
May 2015
Biosurfactants are surface active agents with broad range commercial applications in various industries and have considerable advantages over their chemical counterparts. In this study, drop collapse assay, oil spreading assay, emulsification assay and surface tension measurement were compared for their reliability and ease of use to screen biosurfactant producing six extremely halophilic bacteria isolated from saline...
Application of biofilms in the post-harvest conservation of pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.)
May 2015
Pequi (Caryocar Brasiliense Camb.), fruit characteristic of the Brazilian cerrado, has sensory and nutritional characteristics, pleasant flavor and aroma and considerable presence of lipids and fiber, essential for human consumption. The aim of this study was to assess the post-harvest conservation of this fruit by using different sources of biofilms as a means to ensure the maintenance of fruit physical and chemical...
Extraction, quantification and degree of polymerization of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolia) fructans
May 2015
Yacon tubers have been a distinguished alternative of fructans, drawing the attention of researchers and food industries. Since fructans are carbohydrate reserves storage can reduce their contents. Additionally, the type of extraction used can provide a higher yield of fructans. Therefore, it was necessary to study yacon storage and its influence on the extraction and quantification of fructans. Thus, the objective of...
Effects of processing methods on nutritive values of Ekuru from two cultivars of beans (Vigna unguiculata and Vigna angustifoliata)
May 2015
Beans contain substantial amount of protein, dietary fibre, B-vitamins, minerals, and anti-nutrients which limit their utilisation. Processing reduce the level of antinutrients in plant products but little information exist on effects of processing methods on nutrient and antinutrient composition of bean products. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of processing methods on nutrient and antinutrient...
Methidathion-induced hematological, biochemical and hepatohistological alterations in rat: Ameliorative effects of selenium and zinc
May 2015
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a sub-acute 4-week exposure to methidathion (MD) on the hematological system and hepatic integrity of rats. We also assessed whether co-administration of micronutrients such as selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) prevented MD-induced hepatic damage. Rats were randomly divided into four groups of six each: the first group served as a control which received standard diet, the...
Evaluation of antioxidant and antimutagenic potential of Justicia adhatoda leaves extract
May 2015
In this study, the ethanolic extract of Justicia adhatoda (Acanthaceae) leaves was prepared by successive extraction procedure in increasing polarity order. Moreover, there are no antimutagenic evaluation reports found. In the present study our aim was to determine the antioxidant and antimutagenic potential of different fractions of ethanolic extract of J. adhatoda. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)...
Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and membrane stabilizing potential of stem and root of Cyphospenna adenocaulis (Steud)
May 2015
Comparative analyses of the antioxidant and membrane stabilizing activities of ethanolic extracts of leaf and root of Cyphospenna adenocaulis (Steud) were investigated with a view to further investigate the biological activities of the plant. Both the leaf and root of C. adenocaulis were extracted with 70% ethanol to yield the ethanolic leaf extract (ELE) and ethanolic root extract (ERE) respectively. Phytochemical...
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