Screening of the kernels of Pentadesma butyracea from various growing sites of Benin and evaluation of their antioxidant pigments content
September 2015
Pentadesma butyracea Sabine (Clusiaceae) is a ligneous forest species of multipurpose uses. It is widely distributed in Africa from Guinea-Bissau to the West of the Democratic Republic of Congo. This study screened the kernel of P. butyracea on the basis of their physico-chemical properties. Six types of kernels were distinguished. The plant producing type 1 kernels (with medium length, low width and high thickness) and...
Essential oil composition of different fractions of Piper guineense Schumach. et Thonn from Cameroon using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their insecticidal effect on Sitophilus oryzae (L.)
September 2015
Essential oil fractions from dried seed powder of Piper guineense were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and evaluated for their insecticidal effects on Sitophilus oryzae L. The GC-MS analysis showed quantitative and qualitative differences between the oil fractions. Chromatographic results revealed chemical constituents like eugenol, piperanol, pinene, carene, copaene with insecticidal...
Heritability of polyphenols, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity of Cameroonian cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) beans
September 2015
This study investigates the heritability of polyphenolic, anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity of beans derived from four cocoa clones and their offsprings. These compounds were analyzed at 280 nm (polyphenols) and 520 nm (anthocyanins) by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method using a photodiode array detector (PDA). The antioxidant capacity of methanolic extracts prepared from cocoa...
Inflorescence bulbils of tiger lily in vivo and bulbils culture in vitro
September 2015
The present study includes two experiments; the physiological and the biotechnological experiments. The physiological experiment was designed to investigate the most interesting rare natural phenomenon of the development of vegetative reproductive organs (bulbils) in the inflorescence of tiger lily. In the other hand, the biotechnological experiment was carried out to evaluate the regeneration potential of bulbils...
Effects of different culture conditions (photoautotrophic, photomixotrophic) and the auxin indole-butyric acid on the in vitro acclimatization of papaya (Carica papaya L. var. Red Maradol) plants using zeolite as support
September 2015
Plant regeneration of papaya via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis has been successful; however, the biggest problem of in vitro culture of this species is the acclimatization of regenerated plants, where over 70% of the plants are lost before being planted in the field. Decreasing the relative humidity inside the culture vessel and thus increasing the ventilation, appears to have a greater effect on the...
The effects of exotic weed Flaveria bidentis with different invasion stages on soil bacterial community structures
September 2015
A new exotic weed, Flaveria bidentis, is spreading in central China where it forms dense monospecific patches modifying the structure of different native ecosystems and threatening native aboveground biodiversity. However, little is known about the consequences of such an invasion for soil bacterial community, especially its effect pattern at different invasion stages. In this study, soil samples were taken in native...
Extraction and characterization of Retama monosperma fibers
September 2015
The aims of this study were to determine the good conditions for fibers extraction from Retama monosperma young stems and their mechanical, physical and chemical characteristics. The fibers were extracted using a range of NaOH concentration from 1 to 16% in a period of treatment of 1 to 24 h, coupled with a physical treatment. For the evaluation of physico-mechanical characteristics, 200 samples were performed in the...
Analysis of the genetic diversity of selected East African sweet potato (Ipomea batatas [L.] Lam.) accessions using microsatellite markers
August 2015
Sweet potato (Ipomea batatas [L.] Lam.) is an economically important crop in East Africa chiefly grown by small holder farmers. Sharing of vines for planting is a very common occurrence among these farmers and eventually varieties are given local names, making it hard to trace the original pedigree. It is therefore important to characterise the sweet potato germplasm for purposes of breeding and germplasm conservation....
Impact of the application of humic acid and sodium nitroprusside on nickel toxicity: Analysis of relative gene expression
August 2015
Nickel (Ni) is an essential micronutrient for plants but in high concentrations may turn toxic. This paper discusses the potential role of humic acid (HA) and sodium nitroprusside in modulating or preventing oxidative stress in rice plants. Three genes [superoxide dismutase (SOD) glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APx) were selected for an expression study using a real time PCR technique. Three...
Screening of successive extracts of Amorphophallus konjac for antibacterial activity
August 2015
Amorphophallus is an Aroid family member, native to Asia. Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch ex N.E.Br. is also known as snake plant due to snake like outlines on its stem. In Mount Abu the plant is grown in wild and known for its toxic principles. In Traditional Chinese System of Medicine (TCM), it was mentioned that gel prepared from flour has been used in detoxification, tumor suppression, phlegm liquefaction and skin...
Lipid lowering and anti-atherosclerotic properties of Tinospora crispa aqueous extract on high-cholesterol diet-induced hyperlipidemic rabbits
August 2015
This study was aimed to investigate the hypocholestrolemic and anti-atherosclerotic properties of Tinospora crispa aqueous extract (TCAE) on rabbits for 10 weeks. The hyperlipidemic rabbits were induced and the rabbit were given different concentration of TCAE (200, 450 and 600 mg/kg). Results from lipid analysis show that the level of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and LDL-C on the hyperlipidemic rabbits...
The inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus sakei KBL isolated from kimchi on the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells
August 2015
Abnormal adipocyte growth, in terms of increased cell numbers and increased cell differentiation, is considered to be a major pathological feature of obesity. Thus, the inhibition of preadipocyte mitogenesis and differentiation could help prevent and suppress obesity. Some probiotics and cellular components are known to modulate the lipid metabolism in vitro and/or in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate...
Phylogenetic study on Microcotyle sp. (Monogenea) from common dentex (Dentex dentex) in the Mediterranean Sea, Greece
August 2015
The monogenean Microcotyle sp. was isolated from common dentex in the Sea of Crete, the part of the Mediterranean Sea. The 28S rRNA gene of Microcotyle sp. was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR product was sequenced and compared with other 28S rRNA sequences of Monogenea. Phylogenetic analyses were performed with neighbour-joining (NJ), minimum evolution (ME), maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum...
Status of cassava mosaic disease and whitefly population in Zambia
August 2015
Cassava mosaic disease is the most important disease affecting cassava in Zambia. A study was conducted through a survey to determine the status of cassava mosaic disease incidence, severity and whitefly abundance in farmers’ fields in six provinces: Lusaka, Northern, North-Western, Luapula, Eastern and Western between March and May 2014. The study reveals that cassava mosaic disease incidence was highest in...
Polymers selection for a liquid inoculant of Azospirillum brasilense based on the Arrhenius thermodynamic model
August 2015
Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) enhances the growth of their hosts and can protect them from biotic and abiotic stresses. Bacterial inoculants contain one or more of these beneficial strains in a carrier material, which must be able to maintain the viability of the cells during the time of storage, and also guarantee the biological activity of the strains once applied in the soil. These inoculants can be solid,...
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by plants crude extracts and their characterization using UV, XRD, TEM and EDX
August 2015
Plant extracts are very cost effective and eco-friendly, thus, can be an economic and efficient alternative for the large-scale synthesis of nanoparticles. The preparation of stable, uniform silver nanoparticles by reduction of silver ions with Emblica officinalis, Terminalia catappa and Eucalyptus hybrida extract is reported in the present paper. It is a simple process of global research interest for obtaining silver...
Biochemical profile of cuttings used for in vitro organogenesis of Prunus africana: An endangered species in Cameroon
August 2015
Prunus africana (Kanda stick) is a valuable medicinal tree classified as priority species for domestication in Cameroon. To measure the ability for developing axillary buds and multiple shoots in relation with the origin and state of explants, some biochemical parameters were assessed in eight types of single-node cuttings. These cuttings were treated with different concentrations of kinetin (kin) indole butyric acid...
Liver histopathology in bovine Fascioliasis
August 2015
The livers of slaughtered cattle were examined by visualization, palpation and incision. Macroscopically, some of the infected livers appeared to be slightly swollen with pale color at the round edges, while some appeared greatly swollen, with a few small irregular whitish areas indicating fibrosis over the parietal surface. In some cases, the capsule was thick and rough with whitish or reddish discoloration and...
Assessing the genetic diversity of 48 groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes in the Guinea savanna agro-ecology of Ghana, using microsatellite-based markers
August 2015
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the most important grain legume in Ghana. However, its production is constrained by a myriad of biotic and abiotic stresses which necessitate the development and use of superior varieties for increased yield. Germplasm characterisation both at the phenotypic and molecular level is important in all plant breeding programs. The aim of this study was to characterise selected advanced...
Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on morphological and physiological growth of cassava and its efficacy in controlling Zonocerus variegatus
August 2015
Zonocerus variegatus infestation has been found to cause a lot of devastation in the production of cassava crop plants in tropical and subtropical areas. Understanding the efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on controlling Z. variegatus is desired. The present study was conducted in the Department of Crop Science experimental site, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nigeria, Nsukka to investigate the effects of...
Anti-nutrient, vitamin and other phytochemical compositions of old and succulent moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as influenced by poultry manure application
August 2015
The study was carried out to determine the anti-nutrient, vitamin and other phytochemical compositions of old and succulent leaves of Moringa oleifera plants as influenced by poultry manure application. Three levels of poultry manure, that is, 0, 5 and 10 tonnes ha-1 were used for treatment. Poultry manure application insignificantly (p > 0.05) increased oxalate, phytate and saponin compositions of the leaves. The...
Effects of ethylene inhibitors, silver nitrate (AgNO3), cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), on in vitro shoot induction and rooting of banana (Musa acuminata L.)
August 2015
Significant increase in shoot regeneration, leaf chlorophyll content and rooting occurred when silver nitrate (AgNO3), cobalt chloride (CoCl2) or aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) were added to banana culture medium. The highest numbers of shoots per explants shoot length and leaf surface area was obtained when media were supplemented with 10 mgl-1 AgNO3. Number of shoots per explants increased three fold, shoot length and leaf...
Bacteriocinogenic potential and genotypic characterization of three Enterococcus faecium isolates from Algerian raw milk and traditional butter
August 2015
The detection of bacteriocinogenic potential of Enterococcus sp. isolates from Algerian raw milk coded LO4 and LO12 and from traditional butter coded BRO2 was carried on M17 buffered medium. PCR amplification of Enterococcus sp. DNA using specific enterococcal primers gave 733 bp fragments. The phylogenetic analysis using the neighbour joining method further supported the identification of the three strains as...
Multiple protein-domain conservation architecture as a non-deterministic confounder of linear B cell epitopes
August 2015
Epitope prediction is a critical step to diagnostic and vaccine discovery. Despite existence of some parameters for epitope discovery, this area remains inconclusive and wanting-for new complementary or stand-alone tools. The phenomenon of multiple protein-domain conservation architecture (MPDCA) as used here refers to homologous motifs unveiled by multiple sequence alignments across strain-variants of the same protein...
Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation and regeneration in elite rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar BRRI dhan56
August 2015
Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar BRRI dhan56 was carried out in this study. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404, which harbors the plasmid pIG121 that carries the genes for ß-glucuronidase gene, served as a reporter gene in the histochemical assay and the neomycin phosphotransferase ΙΙ (NPT ΙΙ) gene for the identification of resistance to...
Impact of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth, fruit yield, nutritional and lycopene contents of three varieties of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum (L.) Mill) in Ogbomoso, Nigeria
August 2015
Field experiments were carried out to assess the impact of 100% NPK fertilizer recommendation (300 kg NPK 20:10:10), 100% Tithonia compost (TC), 75% NPK + 25% TC, 50% NPK + 50% TC, 25% NPK + 75% TC and control (non-fertilized plant) on the growth, fruit yield, nutritional and lycopene contents of three tomato varieties (Raoma VF; Ogbomoso local and Califonia wonder). The experiment was a split plot fitted into a...
Physiological and enzymatic changes in rice seeds stored at low temperatures
August 2015
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low temperatures on the physiological and enzymatic changes of rice seeds. The seeds were packed in airtight chambers and maintained at temperatures of 8 and -50°C for periods of 15, 30 , 45, 60, 75 and 90 days. The same procedure was adopted for the control treatment with the seeds kept at a temperature of 25°C. The seeds were evaluated regarding germination test;...
The mineral composition of five insects as sold for human consumption in Southern Africa
August 2015
Edible insects have been proposed as an alternative protein source that is economically and environmentally preferable to livestock, and certain species may be high in nutrients that benefit human health. We present data describing the mineral content of five edible insects as sold in South Africa and Zimbabwe. We report high variation between and within species, and note that these insects contain significant...
Comparative physico-chemical and proximate analysis of oils of Shea nut, Sesamum indicum, Cucurbita pepo, Cucumis melo seeds commonly cultivated in West Africa
August 2015
In rural areas of developing countries like Burkina Faso, nutritive elements are mainly composed of vegetable source. Shea nut, seeds of Sesamum indicum, Cucumis melo and Cucurbita pepo, four species widely consumed were studied. The proximate parameters: moisture, proteins and fat were analysed. Saponification value, iodine value, acid value and peroxide value of selected nut and seeds oils and fatty acids were also...
Comparative study of bioethanol production from sugarcane molasses by using Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
August 2015
The study was designed to compare the bioethanol production from Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae using molasses as production medium. The focus was on the retention time at lab scale. Bioethanol and petroleum blend can be used in existing gasoline engines. Present study showed a more cost-effective procedure for production of ethanol from sugar-cane molasses by using bacterial strain "Z....
Silica gel matrix immobilized Chlorophyta hydrodictyon africanum for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions: Equilibrium and kinetic studies
August 2015
Chlorophyta hydrodictyon africanum was immobilized on a silica gel matrix to improve its mechanical properties. The algae-silica gel adsorbent was used for batch sorption studies of a cationic dye, methylene blue (MB). Optimum adsorption was obtained with a dosage of 0.8 g bio sorbent. Results from sorption studies show that 124.11 mg·g-1 of MB could be adsorbed at an optimum pH of 8 and immobilization of 300 mg...
Characterization of immobilized post-carbohydrate meal salivary α-amylase
August 2015
Saliva containing amylase was collected from an individual 5 min after a carbohydrate meal and filtered using a dialysis bag to remove starch particles. The filtered saliva was immobilized on calcium alginate beads. The effect of experimental parameters like pH, temperature and substrate concentration on the activity of the immobilized post-carbohydrate meal salivary α-amylase was determined. The immobilized...
Effect of DGAT1 gene mutation in sows of dam-line on the composition of the produced milk and piglet rearing during 21-day lactation
August 2015
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 gene (DGAT1) involved in the synthesis and transport of triglycerides is located on chromosome 4 in pigs, in the region with about 200 QTLs responsible among other things for: fat thickness, daily gains, fat content and composition of fatty acids. It is thus probable that the gene polymorphism (as in cows) may affect the fat content in colostrum and milk of sows. The objective of the...
Sequence analysis of mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region III of 400 Iraqi volunteers
July 2015
The aims of this research were to study mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region III and establish the degree of variation characteristic of a fragment. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a small circular genome located within the mitochondria in the cytoplasm of the cell and a smaller 1.2 kb pair fragment, called the control region (D-loop). DNA was extracted from blood following a standard phenol-chloroform method....
Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of Italian salami made of lamb and enriched with pequi (Caryocar brasiliense, Cambess)
July 2015
The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the inclusion of different levels of pequi (Caryocar Brasiliense, Cambess) pulp in the processing of Italian salami made of lamb for the evaluation of their physicochemical and microbiological characteristics. Six formulations of Italian salamis were processed: no pequi pulp (control - treatment 1); 4% pequi pulp (treatment 2); 8% pequi pulp (treatment 3), 12% pequi...
Grain yield and its components study and their association with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) under terminal water deficit and well-irrigated conditions in wheat (Triticum durum Desf. and Triticum aestivum L.)
July 2015
Six genotype of Triticum aestivum L. in 1991 and one genotype of Triticum durum Desf. and three of T. aestivum L. in 1992 were studied under different water regimes: full irrigation (R1), mild water stress (R3) and severe water stress (R2) at Magneraud (France). Traits evaluated were grain yield and its components, stress susceptibility index (SSI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The analysis of...
Antimicrobial activities of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) pomace polyphenols as a source of naturally occurring bioactive components
July 2015
Grape pomace is a potential source of winery by-products having useful bioactive components. Antimicrobial activities of enzyme-assisted grape pomace polyphenols (GPP) were assessed against Escherichia coli IFO 3301 and Staphylococcus aureus IFO 12732 using plate count and spectrophotometry assays. GPP have shown credential growth inhibition against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. The higher growth inhibition was...
Functional and catalytic active sites prediction and docking analysis of azoreductase enzyme in Pseudomonas putida with a variety of commercially available azodyes
July 2015
The initial critical step of reduction of azo bond during the metabolism of azo dyes is catalysed by a group of NADH and FAD dependant enzyme called azoreductases. Although several azoreductases have been identified from microorganisms and partially characterized, very little is known about the structural basis of the substrate specificity and the nature of catalysis. Azoreductase enzyme of Pseudomonas putida has a...
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria solani
July 2015
Recently, biosynthesis of nanoparticles has attracted scientist’s attention because of the use of environmentally friendly nanoparticles that do not produce toxic wastes in their process of synthesis. In this study we investigated the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using three fungi: Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria solani. These silver nanoparticles were characterized by means of UV-vis...
DNA characterization and polymorphism of KISS1 gene in Egyptian small ruminant breeds
July 2015
Genetic information especially of the Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) which affect different performance traits is considered one of the most effective tools in the breeding programs of livestock. Several genes were reported as candidate genes that effect litter size performance and one of these genes is the KISS1 which is considered as a regulator of puberty onset. The polymorphisms of KISS1 gene have some relationships...
Genetic analysis of eight x-chromosomal short tandem repeat loci in Iraqi population using the Mentype® Argus X-UL PCR amplification kit
July 2015
X-Chromosome short tandem repeat (STR) typing can complement existing DNA profiling protocols and can also offer useful information in cases of complex kinship analysis. This is the first population study of 8 X-linked STRs in Iraq. The purpose of this work was to provide a basic data of allele and haplotype frequency for x-linked markers and methods that are commonly used to analyze microsatellites, and the subsequent...
Citrus tristeza virus: An increasing trend in the virus occurrence and distribution in citrus fruits of Northwest, Pakistan
July 2015
Citrus tristeza clostervirus (CTV) is one of the most damaging fruit viruses playing havoc in citrus orchards around the world. Here, we report, an ELISA-based indexing of citrus trees over a period of eight years (2002 to 2010) in Northwest Pakistan, revealing that the incidence of CTV is increasing mainly with the distribution of infected rootstocks, putting citrus industry at the verge of complete annihilation. The...
Estimation of optimal size of plots for experiments with radiometer in beans
July 2015
An experimental error can lead to rework and, consequently, to the loss of financial and human resources. One way to reduce this problem is the estimation of the optimum size of experimental plot to carry out the treatments. The objective of this study was to estimate the optimal size of plots for reflectance measurements in beans by the modified maximum curvature method and the maximum distance method. Reflectance...
Effect of some phytohormones on growth characteristics of Chlorella sorokiniana IAM-C212 under photoautotrophic conditions
July 2015
The effects of some phytohormones [indole acetic acid (IAA), indole butyric acid (IBA), gibelleric acid (GA3), and kinetin] on cell dry weight, cell number, cell size, protein and chlorophyll contents of Chlorella sorokiniana IAM-C212 were investigated under photoautotrophic conditions. Treatment with IAA (15 mg/l) and IBA (15 mg/l) resulted in significantly higher dry cell weight and cell number than the control (P...
Fatty acid profile and bioactivity from Annona hypoglauca seeds oil
July 2015
Plants from Annona (Annonaceae) genus are present in tropical regions, where they have economic and medicinal potential. Information on the fatty acids profile and bioactivity from seed oil of Annona species are incipient. The objective of this work was to investigate Annona hypoglauca seeds oil in terms of its yield, composition and biological activity (acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition, bactericidal and...
Simulated inhibitory effects of typical byproducts of biomass pretreatment process on the viability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and bioethanol production yield
July 2015
The abundance of second generation feedstock reinforces the consideration of biofuel over fossil fuel, as bioethanol can be produced from lignocellulosic materials. However, the pretreatment required for oxidation of lignocellulose into hexose often results in the production of inhibitors likely to impede the activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during bioethanol production. This study aimed to investigate the...
Assessment of the safety of aqueous extract of Aloe vera on haematology of Wistar rats
July 2015
Aloe vera is used both traditionally and packaged commercially in many regions of the world for several medicinal and or cosmetic purposes. It is claimed to have rejuvenating, moisturizing, healing or soothing properties on the skin and gastrointestinal tract. This study focused on assessment of the safety of A. vera on blood parameters: packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin concentration,...
Biological, histological and ultra-structural studies of female mullet, Mugil cephalus, ovaries collected from different habitats during annual reproductive cycle
July 2015
This study investigates some biological characters (oocyte diameter, fecundity, histological and ultra structural features) of female Mugil cephalus ovaries collected from three different natural habitats: marine (MW), brackish (BW) and fresh (FW) water. Monthly gonadosomatic index (GSI) values clearly showed that the time period of reproductive activity in female M. cephalus from marine and brackish water habitats was...
Rhodanese is a possible enzyme marker for cyanide environmental stress on aquatic life
July 2015
Rhodanese is a cyanide detoxifying enzyme. The role of man through his anthropogenic activities in and around water bodies have increased in recent times. These have led to constant exposure of water body to cyanide and cyanide compounds with increase to loss of many aquatic lives. There are limited methods employed in quick detection of cyanide in water. The aim of this paper was to present rhodanese, an enzyme, as a...
Authenticating the origin of different shrimp products on the Tunisian markets by PCR/RFLP method
July 2015
This study describes a polymerase chain reaction using restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay based on the 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene to identify commercial food products of wide range of Penaeidae and Pandalidae shrimp species commercialised in the Tunisian market. Phylogenetic analyses on 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene were used to study the relationships among the considered species. Penaeidae shrimp...
Page 22 of 247, showing 50 records out of 12317 total, starting on record 1051, ending on 1100
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