Assessment of environmental responses to land use/land cover dynamics in the Lower Ogun River Basin, Southwestern Nigeria
February 2014
This study investigates the pattern of land use/land cover change in the Lower Ogun River Basin between 1984 and 2012. Two sets of topographical maps, a Landsat-5 TM image of 1984, Landsat-7 ETM+ of 2000 and a Google Earth image of 2012 were used for the study. The topographical maps and satellite images were digitally processed using ILWIS 3.2™ software and exported to ArcGIS 9.3™ for further processing and...
Heavy metals concentration in various tissues of two freshwater fishes, Labeo rohita and Channa striatus
February 2014
Heavy metals like cadmium, zinc, copper, chromium, lead and mercury were measured in the various tissues of Labeo rohita and Channa striatus and in the water samples collected from the Kolleru Lake, Andhra Pradesh during 2009-2010. The concentrations of heavy metals in the different organs of fishes varied. In L. rohita, the concentrations of heavy metals were in the order of liver > kidney > gills > muscles...
Evaluation of allelopathic effect of Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk on biochemical activity of Amaranthus spinosus L., Cassia tora L. and Cassia sophera L.
January 2014
A study was conducted to assess the magnitude of suppressing ability of Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. on some selected weeds of Aligarh namely, Amaranthus spinosus L., Cassia tora L. and Cassia sophera L. The research finding was conducted to evaluate the effect of aqueous leaf leachate and organic fractions of donor plant on biochemical activities (carbohydrate content, chlorophyll content and protein content). The result...
Heavy metal bioaccumulation and biomarkers of oxidative stress in the wild African tiger frog, Hoplobatrachus occipitalis
January 2014
Human activities can have dramatic effects on animal populations around urban areas with heavy metal contamination being a primary cause of harm. Amphibians, as residents of aquatic systems and with their semi-permeable skin are especially susceptible to heavy metal contamination. To better understand the effect of heavy metals on Wild African Tiger frogs (Hoplobatrachus occipitalis) and the resulting production of...
Geophysical study of saline water intrusion in Lagos municipality
January 2014
Saline water intrusion presently constitutes serious concerns in the Lagos municipality just like many other coastal cities, thus necessitating its intervallic study. The present study involving 52 borehole logs (consisting of natural gamma and electrical resistivity components) was aimed at delineating intruded and vulnerable zones. Saline water columns defined by low resistivity values in the range of 0.1 and 20...
Geographic information system planning and monitoring best practices for West Africa
January 2014
Phenomenal increases in the number and sizes of urban settlements across the West African coastal region are leading to massive reclamation of swamps and destruction of natural ecosystems. Poor urbanization policies, inefficient planning and monitoring technologies are evident. The consequences include some of the worst types of environmental hazards. Best urbanization practices require integrated planning...
Assessment of some heavy metals and physicochemical properties in surface soils of municipal open waste dumpsite in Yenagoa, Nigeria
January 2014
The current study was designed for the assessment of lead, cadmium and chromium and some physicochemical properties of soils collected from an open dumpsite in Yenagoa, Nigeria. Surface soil samples at two depths (0-10 and 10-20 cm) were randomly collected at the dump field and control site, and were analyzed for physicochemical parameters and contamination by lead, chromium and cadmium using standard analytical...
Evaluation of the performance of improved sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. LAM) varieties in Bayelsa State, Nigeria
January 2014
This study was conducted using randomized complete block design with three replications each in two locations (Amassoma Wilberforce Island and Yenagoa, Bayelsa State) to evaluate the performance of improved sweet potato varieties (Ex-Igbariam, TIS 8164, 199004-2 and TIS 87/0087 including Kukunduku local) from March to June 2010. There were significant differences among varieties at both locations and across locations...
Heavy metal content of selected African leafy vegetables planted in urban and peri-urban Nairobi, Kenya
January 2014
African indigenous vegetables planted along Nairobi Rivers are suspected to absorb metals from industrial and domestic effluent. Ten (10) of the commonest vegetables in Kenyan markets grown along these rivers and the soils in their rhizosphere from 25 sites were analyzed for Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd and Cr. Soils were air-dried then leached using 0.05 M EDTA, filtered and analysed in AAS. Vegetables were oven-dried, ground, ashed...
Rainfall variability and rubber production in Nigeria
January 2014
The role of rainfall in plant could not be overemphasized because rainfall determines the amount of moisture present in the soil which is ultimately made available to plants. The aim of this paper was to determine the variability of rainfall and its effect on rubber production in Nigeria. Towards achieving this aim, time series data from 1971 to 2009 were collected on mean annual rainfall and total annual rubber...
Climate change and decline in water resources in Kikuletwa Catchment, Pangani, Northern Tanzania
January 2014
The sensitivity of hydrology and water resources to climate variation in Kikuletwa Catchment, Pangani Basin, northern Tanzania was assessed using 30 years of river level and climate data as well as questionnaire, focused group discussion (FGD) and participant observation. The results show a significant association between mean annual river level for Kikuletwa River and mean annual rainfall in the past thirty years. The...
Removing carbon dioxide from a stationary source through co-generation of carbonate/bicarbonate: The case of Mugher cement factory
January 2014
The cement industries alone emit 5% of the world’s total green house gases. In Ethiopia, the current CO2 emission from this sector is about five fold of the countries overall CO2 emission in 2002. Mugher cement factory (MCF), a case study plant in this paper, alone emits 463,844 tons of CO2/year on average based on emission test and mass balance performed. Yet it accounts for less than 3% of the current CO2...
Reginol interpretation of river Indus water quality data using regression model
January 2014
Water samples were collected from river Indus over 591 km2 from Kashmor to Keti Bandar/Shah Bandar in the province of Sindh, Pakistan, during 2008 and 2009 on seasonal bases. These samples were analyzed for 12 water quality variables including physical and chemical parameters. Then correlation study was carried out and correlation co-efficient “r” was determined using correlation matrix to identify the...
Quantification of the potential for biogas and biogas manure from the selected fruit wastes in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia
December 2013
In this paper, the overall potential of biogas and biogas manure from the selected fruit wastes in the city of Addis Ababa was estimated (quantified). The prediction is based on the characterization and biogas yield results in a related study, using structured questionnaire and checklists during field survey. This study has shown a survey of the major sources of the fruit wastes and compiled the number of...
Health risks for population living in the neighborhood of a cement factory
December 2013
In order to assess the health risks associated with the manufacturing of Portland cement for the population living in the neighborhood of a cement industry in Khrew, Kashmir, India, particulate matter and trace gas samplings were done between March and December 2011 in the cement affected area. The main parameters considered for study included suspended particulate matter (SPM), respirable suspended particulate matter...
Hydrogeochemical and anthropogenic influence on the quality of water sources in the Rio del Rey Basin, South Western, Cameroon, Gulf of Guinea
December 2013
This study which focuses on the hydrogeochemical and anthropogenic influence on water sources in the Rio del Rey Basin has provided an insight into the sources of major ions, water mineralisation processes, and the suitability of the water sources for drinking and agricultural purposes. Fifty-one (51) samples (38 groundwater, 9 surface water, 1 tap, 1 reservoir and 2 rainfall events) were analysed for physico-chemical...
Influence of salinity on soil chemical properties and surrounding vegetation of Awe salt mining site, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
December 2013
This study was carried out to monitor and document the influence of salinity on soil chemical properties and surrounding vegetation of Awe salt mining site, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The soil samples were collected randomly from the salt mining site and 10 m away from the site (control) at 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm depths, respectively, with three replications each. The soil samples were air dried, sieved and the physical and...
Farmers’ perception of the effects of soil and water conservation structures on crop production: The case of Bokole watershed, Southern Ethiopia
November 2013
Level soil bunds (LSB) and stone bunds (SB) have been widely implemented in Bokole watershed with World Food Programme (WFP) support since 2000-2001. However, the performance of structures against the target has not been studied. This study assessed farmers’ opinion on the effect of soil and water conservation (SWC) structures, particularly level soil bunds and stone bunds, in improving agricultural crop...
Solid waste dumping site suitability analysis using geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing for Bahir Dar Town, North Western Ethiopia
November 2013
Solid waste dumping is a serious problem in the urban areas because most solid wastes are not dumped in the suitable areas. Bahir Dar Town has the problem of solid waste dumping site identification. The main objective of this study was to select potential areas for suitable solid waste dumping sites for Bahir Dar Town, which are environmentally suitable. The main data used for this study were spot image with a spatial...
Elimination of Cu (II) and Zn (II) ions in mono-element and the bi-element aqueous solutions by adsorption on natural clay of Bikougou (Gabon)
November 2013
This work was undertaken to evaluate the potential of the clay of Bikougou to remove copper (II) and zinc (II) ions (Cu2+ and Zn2+) in mono-element and binary aqueous solutions. The experiments were carried out by employing the batch technique through the variations of pH, clay mass, ionic strength, concentration in metal, temperature and contact time. The quantity of ions coppers (II) or zinc (II) adsorbed increases...
Groundwater exploitation in the Abakaliki metropolis (southeastern Nigeria): Issues and challenges
November 2013
This paper assesses and evaluates geologically related problems and issues associated with five ‘abortive’ boreholes drilled within the Abakaliki metropolis, southeastern Nigeria. Results of the vertical electrical geophysical soundings (VES), carried out in these borehole locations, show that the underlying Abakaliki Shale Formation in those areas has six layered model. While the uppermost layer has an...
Seasonal fluctuations of phlebotomines sand fly populations (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Moulay Yacoub province, centre Morocco: Effect of ecological factors
November 2013
An entomological survey of phlebotomine sand flies was conducted in the Moulay Yacoub province, central Morocco. An anthropic niche (Ouled Aid) and a wild niche (Zliligh) were selected. Sand flies were collected twice a month between April 2011 and March 2012, using sticky traps and CDC light traps. 3675 specimens were collected (78.3% males/21.7% females) which composed of eight species divided into two genera:...
Assessing the contribution of Community-Based Natural Resources Management Programme to environmental sustainability in Ondo State, Nigeria
October 2013
This study assessed Community-Based Natural Resources Management Programme (CBNRMP) for environmental sustainability in Ondo State, Nigeria. Data were gathered through a structured interview schedule from 120 rural dwellers participating in CBNRMP. Data collected were described with descriptive statistical tools such as frequency counts, percentage, mean and standard deviation while...
Geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing for multi-temporal analysis of sand encroachment at Oglet Merteba (South Tunisia)
October 2013
Sand encroachment in South Tunisia is one of the most serious environmental problems. Close to six decades, several irrational human activities are responsible for the increase in the magnitude of sand encroachment. They include overgrazing, denudation of vegetation cover and many other disturbances of the fragile arid ecosystem. Mapping this phenomenon is now essential for a better understanding of the general...
Comparative assessment of air pollution tolerance index (APTI) in the industrial (Rourkela) and non industrial area (Aizawl) of India: An eco-management approach
October 2013
Science for phyto-technologies has got immense application in air pollution science. The present study focuses on the determination of air pollution tolerance indices (APTI) from six common road side plant species growing along industrial (Rourkela) and non industrial area (Aizawl), India. The APTI was determined by synthesizing the four different physiological and biochemical parameters, that is, leaf...
Assessment of groundwater pollution by nitrates using intrinsic vulnerability methods: A case study of the Nil valley groundwater (Jijel, North-East Algeria)
October 2013
Scientists are deeply concerned with the state of vulnerability of groundwater reservoirs. It is a complex task because of the difficulties in determining the degree of pollution of the ground water. Many methods have been adopted like DRASTIC, GOD, SI, SINTACS, etc. The present article targets the determination of the vulnerability of groundwater reservoirs of a climatic...
Evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and some heavy metals in roasted food snacks in Amassoma, Niger Delta, Nigeria
October 2013
Analysis of raw and roasted ready-to-eat foods namely; Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus), suya beef and plantain (Musa paradiasca) sold and consumed in Amassoma town were screened for the presence of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Concentration of chromium, lead and cadmium were also determined after digestion with aqua regia and analysed using atomic absorption...
Lithofacies and paleo depositional environment of the rocks of Nkpuma-Akpatakpa, Izzi, Southeast Nigeria
October 2013
A detailed geological investigation of Nkpuma-akpatakpa, Izzi, Southeast Nigeria, done on a map scale of 1: 25,000, showed its lithofacies as brown shales, dark-grey shales, mudstones, siltstones and limestones. These lithofacies have been organized into two main lithostratigraphic units namely, brown shales (Unit A) and dark-grey shales (unit B). The brown colour of shales...
Effect of Cypermethrin on some hematological parameters and prediction of their recovery in a freshwater Teleost, Cyprinus carpio
September 2013
The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the lethality of cypermethrin “pyrethroid” (25% EC with 100% purity) on common carp, Cyprinus carpio (fingerlings). The effect was assessed on the basis of impact of short term exposures of its below safe concentrations (1/2 (0.05 µl/L) and 1/10 (0.01 µl/L) parts of safe concentration) on some hematological parameters. The...
Comparison of East African and Iran natural feeding condition based on the chemical and biochemical properties of lake algae
September 2013
In the present world where pollutants like chemical fertilizers affect environmental conditions, a kind of organic fertilizer with enough micro and macro elements is very important. African soil is reported by many researchers to be important and having large capacity due to its nutrition materials. The possible effect of variety soils transported through atmosphere besides sunlight...
Spatio-temporal variations in phytoplankton community structure in small water bodies within Lake Victoria basin, Kenya
September 2013
Spatio-temporal variations of phytoplankton, expressed in terms of species composition and diversity collected at various sampling sites in small water bodies (SWBs) within Lake Victoria basin, Kenya, were investigated monthly from November 2010 to June 2011, in relation to selected physical and chemical water quality parameters. Temperature, D.O, TN and TP revealed a significant difference between the dams...
Comparative analysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) composition in three local government areas in Rivers State, Nigeria
September 2013
Rivers State is one of the major oil producing States in Nigeria. Its capital, Port Harcourt and sub-urban areas have witnessed an increased influx of migrants in recent time. Consequently, the consumption of goods and services has also increased leading to generation of unprecedented quantities of municipal solid waste. Previous efforts by relevant authorities to contain this increase in waste generation have proved...
Unusual rainfall shift during monsoon period of 2010 in Pakistan: Flash flooding in Northern Pakistan and riverine flooding in Southern Pakistan
September 2013
Floods due to “blocking event” in the jet stream during 2010 caused intense rainfall and flash floods in northern Pakistan which resulted to riverine flooding in southern Pakistan. In the beginning of July 2010, changes in summer monsoon rainfall patterns caused the most severe flooding in Pakistan history. Process control charts suggest that monsoon pattern was not normal which made one-fifth of...
The impacts of auto-mechanic workshops on soil and groundwater in Ibadan metropolis
September 2013
The extents of groundwater and soil pollution arising from auto-mechanic activities from auto-mechanic workshops at Ibadan metropolis were examined. Groundwater and top soil samples from auto-mechanic villages and control site were collected fortnightly over a period of two months and analysed for both physicochemical parameters and some heavy metals. Results of physicochemical parameters of groundwater...
Generation of electronic waste in India: Current scenario, dilemmas and stakeholders
September 2013
This paper tries to quantify the amount of E-waste generated in India with the related stakeholder involvement. Electronic waste (E-waste) or waste electrical and electronic equipments (WEEE), which is relatively a recent addition to the hazardous waste stream, is drawing rapid attention across the globe as the quantity being generated is rising rapidly. All electrical and electronic equipments (EEE), on...
Human health risk characterization of lead pollution in contaminated farmlands of Abare village, Zamfara State, Nigeria
September 2013
This study was initiated to assess the level of lead (Pb) contamination in farmlands, crop plants and water sources and the health risk in one of the Pb-contaminated villages of Zamfara State. Soil samples were collected from two depths at intervals of 10, 50, 150, 300, 500 and 1000 m from the last house along each of the four cardinal directions (North, South, East and West). Crop...
Heavy metal levels in soil samples from highly industrialized Lagos environment
September 2013
The effect of heavy metals on the environment is of serious concern and threatens life in all forms. Environmental contamination is correlated with the degree of industrialization and intensities of chemical usage. The aim of this study was to determine to what extent, human and industrial activities have affected the quality of soil due to contamination of soil with heavy metals and...
Sublethal effects of cadmium, manganese, lead, zinc and iron on the plasma electrolytes regulation of mice, Mus Musculus
September 2013
The toxicological evaluations of cadmium, iron, manganese, lead and zinc were carried out against albino mice model, Mus musculus. On the basis of 96 hrLC50 value, cadmium (0.47 mM) was found to be the most toxic followed by zinc (2.40 mM), lead (2.42 mM), iron (4.25 mM) and manganese (5.70 mM) was least toxic. This study also evaluated the sublethal effects of cadmium, manganese,...
Planning a functional city centre in a physiographic constrained landscape: A case study of Lokoja, Nigeria
August 2013
The city centre planning and redevelopment in developing cities, the location, function and physical form of such cities notwithstanding often remain the hardest planning proposal to be accomplished by any planning endeavour. The magnitude of this problem has been linked to the origin and locations of many settlements especially those associated with poor relief environment which later poses numerous planning...
Sustainable development in a developing economy: Challenges and prospects
August 2013
Sustainable development implies development which ensures maximization of human well being for today’s generation which does not lead to declines in future well being. Attaining this path requires eliminating those negative externalities that are responsible for natural resource depletion and environmental degradation. All human activities and developmental projects are associated with environmental...
An appraisal of the of eco-climatic characteristics in Northern Nigeria
August 2013
The character of the sub-regional eco-climatic zones has possibly changed as suggested in the dwindling fortune of agricultural productivity, documented changes in vegetation and freshwater resources and rising poverty levels especially in the hitherto productive Northern Nigeria. To determine and map the changes, if any, in these eco-climatic characteristics is therefore important...
Exploring opportunities for climate change adaptation in semi arid areas of Tanzania: A case of Nzega District in Tabora region
August 2013
Climate change and associated impacts are now widely acknowledged by most communities, institutions and organizations in the World to be affecting people’s livelihoods. The University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania through the Institute of Resource Assessment (IRA) implemented a three years research program to study the implications of climate change on natural and social systems in three agro ecolocilal...
Nature and dynamics of climate variability in the uganda cattle corridor
August 2013
The study was conducted in the districts of Nakaseke and Nakasongola stratified into four farming systems of crop dominancy, pastoralists, mixed crop and livestock and fishing. The study was guided by two research questions: (1) how do community residents perceive climate change/variability? (2) What is the trend and nature of climate variability and how does it compare with...
Integration of hydro-climatic data and land use in neural networks for modeling river flows: Case of Lobo river in the southwest of Cote d’ivoire
August 2013
In a context of climate disruption due to uncontrolled human activities, the classical models of rainfall-runoff modeling are almost unusable. In addition on the Lobo River (Southwest of Côte d’Ivoire), no simulation study has been carried out yet despite that, this river has flooded fields and villages causing huge losses in September 2007. Neural networks appear in this case as a solution for...
Antimicrobial activity of earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae) paste
August 2013
Earthworm plays a major role in the proper functioning of the soil ecosystem. It acts as scavenger and helps in recycling of dead and decayed plant material by feeding on them. Earthworm increases the soil fertility and is often referred to as a farmer’s friend. Earthworms have been used in medicine for various remedies. The paste prepared from earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae was...
Evaluation of effect of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi on four major wood species of the elm family in Rasht (North West of Iran)
August 2013
Dutch elm disease is the most common and destructive disease of the elm family. The pathogen of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi will systematically lead to the blockage of xylems and cavities, and will finally lead to the development of wilt symptoms. The present study aimed to compare the diameter size of vessels and the number of xylary rays in four species: Ulmus carpinifolia, Ulmus glabra, Zelkova carpinifolia and...
Copepoda parasites in economically important fish, Mugilidae (Mugil cephalus and Liza falcipinnis from Lac Nokoue Lagoon in Republic of Benin, West Africa
August 2013
Fish parasitology is an indispensable tool in aquatic health studies and a basic understanding of richness of a community parasitism in many localities is essential for instituting control. Many copepod parasites are ecto-parasites which negatively affect the appearance and reduced production of species of economically important fish, both from the wild and fish farms, thus making them difficult to market. In...
The relative contributions of climatic elements and environmental factors to flooding in Awka urban area
August 2013
The aim of this paper was to determine the relative contributions of climatic elements and environmental factors to urban flooding in Awka urban area of Anambra State. Towards achieving this aim, 10 year (2000-2009) meteorological data of temperature and rainfall of the study area were collected from synoptic meteorological station in Awka and data on environmental factors were...
Ambient air pollution and assessment of ozone creation potential for reactive volatile organic compounds in urban atmosphere of southwestern, Nigeria
August 2013
Volatile organic compound (VOC) species react at different rate and exhibit differences in reactivity with respect to ozone formation in polluted urban atmosphere. To assess this, the variations pattern, reactivity relative to OH radical and ozone creation potential of ambient VOCs were investigated in field studies at designated sites in urban centers of Akure and Ado-Ekiti, Southwestern, Nigeria, between...
A comparative study on Pb2+ removal efficiencies of fired clay soils of different particle size distributions
August 2013
Batch adsorption studies were carried out to evaluate the Pb2+ adsorption capacities of three different fired clay soils with different particle size distributions. Adsorption efficiency was observed to increase with an increase in clay content. Adsorption efficiencies of the fired clay soils were also influenced by the firing temperature, the solution’s acidity, initial Pb2+...
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