Non-linear equilibrium and kinetic study of the adsorption of 2,4-dinitrophenol from aqueous solution using activated carbon derived from olives stones and cotton cake
September 2019
Olives stones and cotton cakes have been investigated as a cheap and available precursor used for the production of novel carbon using potassium hydroxide as chemical activating agent with 2:1 impregnation ratio at 1.5 M KOH. Carbonization was performed at 450°C for one hour. The activated carbons NOK and MK3 were characterized by Iodine Number, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, EDX Analysis, Scanning...
Household perception and willingness to pay for improved waste management service in Mamfe, Cameroon
September 2019
Lack of financial resources and public participation are major factors that constrain solid waste management in many towns in developing countries. This study sought to determine the willingness to pay (WTP) and the perception of the inhabitants of Mamfe, Cameroon for an improved solid waste management system. A total of 371 households were interviewed and data analysis to identify the determinants of WTP values was...
Solid waste management in urban communities in Ghana: A case study of the Kumasi metropolis
September 2019
Globally, solid waste management has in recent times attracted massive attention, and one of the commonly cited areas is the sprawling cities and urban communities, where plastics and other solid waste have become major management challenge. In Ghana, solid waste management has become a major problem, particularly in urban settlements. The overall objective of the study was to investigate the key factors that underlie...
Seasonal variability of rainfall and thunderstorm in Guinea over the period 1981 to 2010
September 2019
Republic of Guinea is one of the West African countries which share form a border with the southern part of the Sahel. It is located in the tropical area where the convective systems activities are intense with strong rainfall. Our results on Standardized Precipitation Index are coherent with the Sahel drought during the 1970s, and a recovery period of rainfall since the last years. The Standardized Thunderstorms Index...
Effect of seed pre-treatment and its duration on germination of Detarium microcarpum (Guill. and Perr.)
August 2019
Detarium microcarpum Guill and Perr is a multipurpose tree species indigenous to semi-arid regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. It is being exploited to local extinction due to high dependence for fuelwood and other uses. The present study explored different pre-treatment methods for enhancing seed germination and growth of D. microcarpum in the Guinea savanna zone of Ghana. The experiment employed a 4 × 4...
Exergy consumption analysis of the transportation sector of Senegal
August 2019
Exergy analysis has become widely recognized and adopted as a powerful tool for physical and engineering systems analysis. In this paper, it was applied to transportation modes. Transport is second after the residential sector in Senegal when it comes to energy consumption and relies on imported fossil fuels. In 2013, it consumed around 32 PJ which represented 30% of total energy consumed in the country. Exergy use...
Assessment of radiological risk from the soils of artisanal mining areas of Anka, North West Nigeria
August 2019
Assessment of radiological risk was carried out on twenty soil samples collected from agricultural, mining and mine processing areas in Anka, Zamfara State, North Western Nigeria. The measurement of activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K was performed using the gamma-ray spectrometer equipped with a high purity germanium detector. The values of the activity concentration of 226Ra ranged from 24.69±4.26 to...
A view of road transport in Africa
August 2019
Transport sector is usually divided into four main modes: road, air, maritime and rail modes. In sub-Sahara Africa, road appears as the dominant mode. Railways were developed during the colonial period but almost abandoned since the independence in most countries. Air transport once seen as sign of economic prosperity and instrument of sovereignty is far from being competitive. Maritime transport is mainly on coastal...
Residues of the transformation of halieutics products: An alternative substrate for energy valorization of wastes by methanisation for a local sustainable development (preliminary results)
July 2019
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the biogas productivity potential of residues of the transformation of halieutics products. Experiments were conducted in two digesters of PUXIN model of 20 m3, where the temperature is 35°C. Multirae analyser was used to know the composition of biogas produced. A gas counter was also used for counting the amount of biogas produced during the experiment. There was also a...
Balancing land management under livestock keeping regimes: A case study of Ruvu and Zigi catchments in Tanzania
July 2019
Land degradation has become a global concern that requires countries to take prompt actions. The objective of the study was to assess land management in respect to activities of livestock keeping in the Ruvu and Zigi river basins in Eastern Tanzania. The two basins attract a huge number of livestock from nearby and relatively distant areas in pursuit of pasture and water resources. The results indicated that modes of...
Reported driving factors of land-use/cover changes and its mounting consequences in Ethiopia: A Review
July 2019
Obviously, there is land-use/cover change with multifaceted driving factors and associated adverse impacts out there in different parts of Ethiopia. Evidence from published journals justifies this fact but not yet compiled in a manner to convey information on the trend of change and its criticality with the aim to handle the problems. Thus, filing up all the driving factors and its adverse out come from different...
Pit latrine faecal sludge solid waste quantification and characterization to inform the design of treatment facilities in peri-urban areas: A case study of Kanyama
July 2019
The purpose of the study was to quantify waste content in faecal sludge using an appropriate method and characterise the solid wastes inherent with the faecal sludge into categories. A total of eight (8) domestic pit-latrines were analysed in the peri-urban area of Kanyama settlement in Lusaka from July to October, 2018. From each latrine, three (3) samples were obtained for analysis of solid waste and sand/grit...
Rural households’ access to water resources under climate impacts based on field evidence in Tigray Region, Ethiopia
June 2019
The climatic condition in Ethiopia is semi-arid and this has implications especially for rural communities in the country that are largely dependent on surface water. In water scarce areas across four districts in the Tigray region, a survey of 595 households was carried out, and two shared dialogue workshops was held. In this study, the following issues were examined: (i) Access to water in relation to sources,...
A 50-year review on heavy metal pollution in the environment: Bivalves as bio-monitors
June 2019
There has been a steady increase in the quantity and diversity of discharges that reach aquatic environment, both organic and inorganic, either synthesized or mobilized by man as a result of high population growth and development activities. This has led to the appearance of several types of pollution. Inland and coastal waters have been the most affected, since most major cities are located near water bodies....
Impacts of soil and water conservation practices on livelihood: The case of watershed in Gambela region, Ethiopia
June 2019
In this study, multistage sampling technique was used. 132 households were selected out of 2,943 households in three sampled kebeles (the lowest administrative structure in Ethiopia) of Godere Woreda (Woreda is administrative structure above Kebele). Household-based interview, key informants interview (KII) and transect walk were used in order to collect data. Practiced households have harvested an average of 44.74...
Assessment of heavy metals [As, Cu, Zn] from boreholes in the Western Region of Ghana
June 2019
Ground water is the source of drinking water for many people around the world, especially in rural areas. A lot of parameters such as the concentrations of Arsenic, Copper, Zinc and other heavy metals in conjunction with other physico-chemical properties contribute to the suitability of water for drinking and for other purposes. This study was carried out in the Bibiani-Anhwiaso-Bekwai District of the Western region of...
Innovative pathways for enhancing climate change and variability resilience among agro-pastoral communities in semi-arid areas of Kiteto and Kilindi Districts, Tanzania
May 2019
Climate change and variability threatens food security globally making life uncertain mostly for agro-pastoral communities in semi-arid areas. This has necessitated exploration of designed pathways with potentials to increase resilience among agro-pastoralists. This work investigates agro-pastoralists’ innovative pathways for enhancing resilience to the impacts of climate change and variability in Kiteto and...
An assessment of the contribution of fluvial sediment discharge to coastal stability: A case study of Western Region of Ghana
May 2019
Fluvial sediment discharge to coastal area contributes to the stability of the coast. Deposition of fluvial sediment discharge is an important source of beach nourishment, nutrient for aquatic ecology and habitats. However, human development and interventions on rivers in the form of dams and flood alleviation schemes tend to reduce fluvial sediment supply to the coast, thus impacting on coastal stability and...
Assessment of drinking water quality at Dodowa in the Dangbe West district of the Greater-Accra region, Ghana
May 2019
Dodowa serves as a major peri-urban community close to the Accra Metropolis with increasing population, urbanization and settlements. Lack of access to basic infrastructural facilities including water and sanitation has hampered the development of the community. Dodowa has irregular access to pipe-borne water therefore the community resorts to other means of getting potable water. It is against this background that this...
Environmental assessment of tropical African mahogany (Khaya)
May 2019
In this study, life cycle assessment (LCIA) was used for the assessment and evaluation of the environmental performance of the Khaya lumber manufactured by three firms in Ghana. The work mainly aims to assess all possible effects to the environment, measure the carbon footprint for Ghana Khaya lumber and offer an Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) for Ghana Khaya lumber. The results show that the average...
Household Willingness to Pay for Improved Solid Waste Management in Shashemene Town, Ethiopia
April 2019
This study tried to investigate urban community’s willingness to pay for improved solid waste management. Double Bounded Dichotomous Choice technique was used to examine household’s willingness to pay for improved solid waste management. The collected data further analyzed Bivariate probit and logistic regression models to investigate the mean and factors determining willingness to pay for solid...
A critical look at the Ghanaian one district one factory industrial policy in relation to climate change
April 2019
This paper takes a critical look at Ghana’s one district one factory industrial policy in relation to climate change. This is important because climate variability and change as a result of industrialization can stand as hazard to impending advancement and expansion in Ghana. Industrial policy can contribute significantly to economic, ecological as well as communal sustainability. This paper aim to clarify the...
Comparativ e assessment of heavy metals in drinking water sources from Enyigba Community in Abakaliki Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
April 2019
This study assessed the levels of heavy metals in drinking water sources in Enyigba community in Abakaliki Local Government Area, Nigeria. Four sites were visited for sampling: two surface water (streams) and two underground water (boreholes). Three water samples were collected from each source making it a total of twelve water samples. The levels of Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Lead (Pb) were...
Bushfires spread modelling over Malea in Northeastern Guinea
April 2019
Bush fires are increasingly becoming a threat to Guinean ecosystems and their understanding is a big challenge to scientists and environmental managers. Using the FARSITE model (Fire Area Simulator), this paper presents the prediction of the spread and characteristics of bush fires in the savannahs of North-eastern Guinea, specifically in Malea/Siguiri prefecture. Inputs, vegetation and topography dataset from satellite...
Shared household septic tank: A case study of Fiapre in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana
March 2019
This study investigated the feasibility of utilizing composite septic tank to reduce cost, save space and prevent faecal related diseases. Survey research methodology was adopted based on people’s experience with septic tank, water use, soil properties, land space, user numbers and user satisfaction. The study also provides procedure in the design of a two-compartment septic tank with soil absorption field for...
Design, realization of a fixed bed downdraft gasifier and conduction of preliminary gasification tests with balanites aegyptiaca hulls, rice husk and charcoal
March 2019
This work is focused on the design and testing of a co-current fixed bed gasifier with two air injections. The electric power of the gasifier was set at 10 kW. The design is based on experimental data relating to specific gas production rate, engine power efficiencies, biomass flow rate, pyrolysis and reduction time etc. The gasification tests were conducted with rice husk, hulls of balanites aegyptiaca and charcoal....
Effective solid waste management: A solution to the menace of marine litter in coastal communities of Lagos State, Nigeria
March 2019
Effective management of solid wastes is a goal that is yet to be achieved in many countries, even developed ones. In attempt to carry out a study on effective waste management system as a solution to the menace marine litters posed on coastal communities, three coastal areas in Lagos State Nigeria which are known for fishing, recreation, housing, and other various coastal activities were selected. Three groups of...
Waves-waves collide induced by different wind directions caused high exchanged in the water level at the open area Shallow Lake, China
February 2019
Wind from different directions induce waves-waves to collid at the central zone of Taihu Lake. It causes exchange in water bodies and release of internal nutrients which increases algal bloom. This study aims to analyz the impact of the interactions between waves-waves collision from different directions and different sources such as traveling ships and explored factors, causing sediment resuspension. The results were...
Conditions of available sources of water for domestic use in selected communities in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
February 2019
The challenges of high quality water for domestic use and particularly for potability must be overcome in its entire ramification for health and ecological environment. The aim of this study is to identify the conditions of domestic water sources in Ado-Ekiti. One water sample was drawn from the two different sources of water, that is, shallow well and Ureje River at Ureje, and two samples from one water source, that...
Modelling and simulation of atmospheric conditions impact on photovoltaic production in Saint Louis area
February 2019
In this study, we worked on the modelling and the simulation of atmospheric conditions impact on photovoltaic production in Saint Louis area. Using Ineichen's model based on the disorder factor of Link, an assessment of sunshine in the study area was made. A characterization of the irradiation is elaborated by modelling the radiation and by simulating outputs of a photovoltaic power plant. We can estimate aerosols...
Water quality problems, related challenges and their impacts on Ethiopian fishery
February 2019
The purpose of this review article is to explore the drivers of the water quality problems and associated impacts and mitigation schemes of the fishes and fisheries in Ethiopia. Data were obtained from both published and unpublished online documents as well as from different Ethiopian universities and institutions. The country has the potential to produce more fish yield (94, 500 ton/year. The published and unpublished...
Understanding nexuses between precipitation changes and climate change and variability in semi-arid lowlands of Mwanga District, Tanzania
January 2019
Contextually, precipitation fluctuated due to climate variability and evolved due to emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases and land-use changes since the industrial revolution in the 1880s. However, some studies problematize that there is little understanding of nexuses between precipitation changes and climate change and variability in tropical Africa. Therefore, this paper sought to assess such linkages in...
Exploratory study of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) contributions to household air pollution arising from improved cookstove use in rural Malawi
January 2019
Around three million premature deaths annually are ascribed to household air pollution (HAP) arising from inefficient burning of biomass and emissions of products of incomplete combustion. The developing-world response has been widespread adoption of improved cookstove (ICS) technologies. This exploratory study evaluates variation in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) attached to inhalable particulate matter (PM) in...
Sustainability of Chiredzi town water supply and wastewater management in Zimbabwe
January 2019
Urban water supply and sewage coverage in Zimbabwe is currently estimated at 78 and 73%, respectively with unserved population relying on boreholes and pit latrines. However, no study has been conducted to assess how small towns, such as Chiredzi, are sustaining their systems despite limited funding from the Government. A study was carried out to assess the sustainability of Chiredzi town water supply and wastewater...
An assessment of total petroleum hydrocarbon and trace metal concentration in the sediments of Ugbo water way, South western Nigeria
January 2019
Sediment samples from Ugbo water way, South Western Nigeria were assessed for total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and trace metal concentrations. Seven sampling stations were selected and one control station. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in the sediment samples was determined using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionisation Detector (GC-FID) while trace metal concentrations were determined with Atomic Absorption...
Biodegradation of pyrene by a mixed culture isolated from hydrocarbon-polluted soil
January 2019
This paper presents the biodegradation of pyrene (C16H10), a four-benzene-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) using a mixed culture of bacteria. The mixed culture was enriched from hydrocarbon-polluted soil sample, using a plate incubated with a thin film of pyrene. The isolates were identified biochemically as Bacillus cereus and Enterobacter aerogenes. The mixed culture bacteria degraded approximately 90% of...
Study by numerical simulation of a PN solar cell in 3C-SiC / Si
December 2018
The optimization of the solar cell includes the study of the influence of parameters such as cell thickness, doping levels and profiles, contact configuration and optical confinement on the output to obtain a structure leading to the best performance. The optimal parameters depend on the structure of the solar cell, the quality of the substrate material (lifetime, mobility), the quality of the ohmic contacts, the speed...
Module parameter extraction and simulation with LTSpice software model in sub-Saharan outdoor conditions
December 2018
In this work, a hybrid algorithm of Levenberg-Marquardt and empiric analytic method is proposed to solve the recurring convergence problem that occurs during the module parameters extraction with the iterative method. The proposed method aims to avoid divergence and a long computation time due to the improper initial value. Elsewhere, LTSpice photovoltaic cell model is developed to simulate the extracted parameters in...
Variability and predictability of bush fire in Guinea on inter-annual and multi-year timescales based on NDVI-MODIS datasets analysis
December 2018
This study investigates the variability and the predictability of bush fire on inter-annual and multi-year timescales in Guinea (latitudes 7° 05 and 12° 51 N and longitudes 7° 30 and 15° 10 W). Using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) with a spatial resolution of 231 m × 231 m and 16 days composite temporal resolution between 2001 and 2016, two brush fire hazard indices are...
Assessment of satellite rainfall products for stream flow simulation in Gambia watershed
December 2018
Satellite rainfall estimates (SRE) with high spatial and temporal resolution and large areal coverage provide a potential alternative source to force hydrological models within regions where ground-based measurements are not readily available. The Gambia Basin in West Africa provides a good example of a case where the use of satellite precipitation estimates could be beneficial. This study aims to compare three SRE over...
A numerical modeling study of the Southern Senegal upwelling shelf: Circulation and upwelling source waters
December 2018
The regional ocean circulation along the Southern Senegal shelf is studied using a numerical model for varying forcing fields during the upwelling season (November-May). The main objective is to study the shelf circulation of the marine environment in the Southern Senegal Upwelling Shelf (SSUS), the Lagrangian pathways by which waters are transported to the surface in the upwelling tongue and the fate of these waters....
Physicochemical and mechanical properties of biomass coal briquettes produced by artisanal method
December 2018
In this study, carbonized peanut shells, cashew shells and millet stalks were used as raw materials to produce coal briquettes. Clay and arabic gum were applied as binders during briquetting by use of manual press. Physicochemical and mechanical tests of the obtained briquettes were conducted. The results show that the lower heating values of coal briquettes remain higher to that of wood; however, their ash contents are...
Modeling ensemble streamflow: Application to the Senegal River upper the Manantali Dam
December 2018
This study presents an ensemble stream flow simulation with probability of occurrence accounting for errors of the GR4J turned to the Senegal River upper the Manantali dam. Through this approach, probability is associated to simulation at each time, with step and reliability of issues depending on probability scores. Results including the reliability of the results permit decision-makers to judge the reliability of...
Comparative experimental study of performance degradation of amorphous silicon and crystalline silicon in outdoor exposed in Cologne
December 2018
The photovoltaic (PV) lifetime and the return-on-investment for local PV system installation rely on long-term device performance. Understanding the efficient degradation behavior under a given set of environmental conditions is, therefore, a primary goal for experimental research and economic analysis. The modules were characterized with measurement of their I-V features under similar outdoor condition. Moreover,...
Valorization of water resources in Senegal for economic, social and sustainable development
December 2018
Senegal has a rich and diversified hydrological potential. The bulk of surface water reserves are located in the basin's rivers Senegal and Gambia, whose waters originate from the Fouta Djallon massif. Alongside these large rivers, there are smaller rivers (Casamance and Kayanga) and small watersheds with temporary flows. Groundwater resources are also an important part of Senegal's...
Study of the reactivity of Casamance vegetable and agricultural waste char gasification with steam and CO2
December 2018
The increasing energy demand coupled with the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the threat of exhaustion of oil reserves make us consider a possible recourse to the use of biomass waste as a source of renewable energy. Nowadays, gasification is not yet economically and operationally attractive for the power industry and more research is needed to facilitate the process and improve the desirability of the...
Water quality assessment of various sources in Peri-urban areas of Malawi: A case of Bangwe township in Blantyre
November 2018
Water supports life at microscopic and macroscopic levels. Good quality water is essential to economic and social growth of a community and a nation at large. Bangwe township in Blantyre is one of the closest townships to the city and provides a reliable workforce and supply of consumables to the city. Due to its overcrowding, there are a lot of issues to do with illnesses that arise from contamination of portable...
Environmental governance and employment effects: An empirical research based on mediating effect model
November 2018
In recent years, the problem of large-scale production suspension of domestic enterprises and unemployment of laborers brought about by environmental governance is becoming increasingly serious. How to reduce the negative externalities of environmental governance has become an urgent practical problem that needs to be solved. Based on the Cobb-Douglas production function model, this paper introduced the mediating effect...
Assessment of physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater among different farm sizes in Ainabkoi sub-county, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
November 2018
Access to quality drinking water is of major concern for sustainable development in developing countries with regard to physico-chemical properties. Groundwater from shallow wells is the main source of domestic water supply for the community of Ainabkoi Sub-County of Uasin Gishu County in Kenya. Seasonal agricultural production activities expose the water to possible pollution. In this regard the study aimed to assess...
The role of an environmental engineer in preventing and reducing environmental stress
November 2018
Environmental engineer is concerned with the protection and prevention of the environment and develops the solution to environmental problem. Environmental engineer ensures work place hazards and environmental health and safety related policies and procedure are communicated to employer and employees, ensures the availability of medical surveillance programme in assisting employer and employees in the course of...
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