The contribution of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) on food security in Mbokomu ward, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania
March 2018
This paper focuses on the contribution of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) on food security in Mbokomu ward. The main objective of this paper is to ascertain the use and application of IKS on food security and document methods used in food preservation. Various ethnic groups have different methods of preserving food and use it during the food shortage. Thus, people in Mbokomu ward used several methods in preserving...
Production of biogas by the co-digestion of cow dung and crop residue at University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
February 2018
Anaerobic co-digestion is one of the most promising auxiliaries for treating waste because of the high energy redemption. Bio-digester is designed and apparatus installed for anaerobic co-digestion of cow waste with crop residue in order to manufacture biogas. Gas production is measured by using water displacement method. The experimental results show that 1 kg of cow dung can produce about 15 to 30 L of biogas per day....
Recycling of oil sludge together with construction and demolition waste into building materials in Tanzania
February 2018
The disposal of oil sludge together with construction and demolition waste in Tanzania is still a challenge in both space and technology. In order to reduce the space requirement for oil sludge together with construction and demolition waste disposal, the recycling of these waste becomes a vital option. This paper is mainly concerned with the determination on the possibility of recycling the oil sludge together with...
Foraminiferal analysis and palaeoenvironmental interpretation of borehole ET (BH-ET) in the Calabar Flank, South-eastern Nigeria
February 2018
Foraminiferal biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental interpretation was carried out on core samples (5 samples between intervals 5-55 m) recovered from borehole ET (BH-ET) located in Etankpini area of the Calabar Flank, south eastern Nigeria. Lithologic description of the borehole samples were carried out and the borehole was sampled at 5 m interval. The samples were later composited at 10 m interval and a total of six...
Plankton abundance in ecosystem of Tebing Tinggi Island, District Meranti Island, Riau, Indonesia
February 2018
Research on the abundance of plankton in Tebing Tinggi Island waters ecosystem, Meranti Island District, Riau Province was conducted in March 2017. The observations focused on the phytoplankton and zooplankton communities at ten stations. The variations in the abundance of plankton on average between the location groups were 4428 to 1716224 cells/m3 and 23938 individuals/m3 (67.73%), respectively for phytoplankton and...
The Uttarakhand 2013 and Jammu-Kashmir 2014 disasters: Upstream effects of water piracy
January 2018
Countries lack the infrastructure to deal with the drainage following flashfloods from localized downpours which may originate from localized evaporation or its combination with that from surroundings or from hurricanes. The natural distribution of water is the best and optimum for the globe. Among the world’s riparian countries, India makes her territory both the sources and the sinks of river discharges by...
Effect of noise pollution on hearing capacity of workers in Jute Mills of Chittagong City
January 2018
A survey and assessment of noise level with its impact on mill workers were conducted in two Jute Mills of Chittagong city. These industries are highly noise producers; the workers of such mills are highly prone to noise pollution effect, especially hearing problems. Higher noise level in different working sections of the Jute Mill was recorded which includes the siren played, noise from the main entrance, mill’s...
Groundwater recharge and flow processes as revealed by stable isotopes and geochemistry in fractured Hornblende-biotite-gneiss, Rivirivi Catchment, Malawi
January 2018
To enable sustainable management of groundwater resources, knowledge of dominant hydrogeological processes is fundamental. In this study, stable isotopes of water [δ18O and δD] and major inorganic ions were used to investigate recharge and groundwater flow processes in a catchment underlain by fractured and faulted hornblende-biotite-gneiss. Spatial and temporal geochemical distributions consistently...
Impact of human activities on groundwater vulnerability in hombolo catchment: Dodoma, Tanzania
December 2017
Groundwater is an important freshwater resource in Tanzania. However, rapid urbanization, informal/unplanned settlements and agricultural intensification in major basins threaten its sustainability. Most groundwater aquifers in the country are not monitored or managed, thus exposing them to potential contamination and overexploitation. This paper is based on a research conducted in the months of February and March,...
Banana pests and diseases spread to higher altitudes due to increasing temperature over the last 20 years
December 2017
In this study, we established changes in minimum and maximum temperature over the past 20 years, and how these changes are likely to affect the status of key banana pests and black Sigatoka disease in main banana cropping systems. A survey was conducted at elevations of 1200, 1400, 1600 and 1800 m above sea level in 13 sites previously used in 1992/1993. Mean monthly minimum and maximum temperatures at different...
Estimating forest above-ground carbon using object-based analysis of very high spatial resolution satellite images
December 2017
The potentials and limitations of very high spatial resolution images for aboveground carbon (AGC) estimation are unknown and the methods are not developed. This research was designed to develop a method that predicts AGC at the individual tree level using object-based analysis of very high resolution QuickBird satellite images and in situ diameter at breast height (DBH) measurements. This study was based on the fact...
Two-stage anaerobic sequence batch digestion of composite tannery wastewater
November 2017
Most of the leather industries in Ethiopia discharge their effluent partially or without any treatment to the nearby water bodies. This creates a serious effect on aquatic biota and surrounding environment due to its high organic loading and chromium content. To minimize the effect, tannery wastewater should be treated before the effluent is discharged to the environment. Therefore, the main objective of the study was...
Spatial and temporal water quality dynamics of Awash River using multivariate statistical techniques
November 2017
Awash River has important socio-economic and ecological values in Ethiopia. On the contrary, it is prone to serious water pollution. This study aims to assess the spatial and temporal variation of water quality of the river. Means of the 9 years’ (2005-2013) water quality dataset of 19 parameters from 10 stations in the basin were considered. After validating, normalizing and checking the sampling adequacy and...
Vulnerability of agro-pastoral farms to climate change in Dakoro
November 2017
In Niger, climate change affects the majority of the population, especially the rural communities. The present study intends to contribute to the understanding of the actual perception of climate changes by the population along with the degree of apprehensiveness of the population regarding the climatic manifestations described by scientists. To this end, two communities have been targeted in the Department of Dakoro....
Increased streamflow dynamics and implications for flooding in the Lower River Benue Basin
October 2017
The paper dealt with increased streamflow dynamics and implications for flooding in the Lower River Benue Basin. The study utilised data collected over a period of more than fifty years (1955-2012) from three hydrological stations operated by the Nigerian Hydrological Services Agency (NIHSA). The average discharge at Umaisha was 4,919.47 cubic metres per second (m3/s). Average discharge at Makurdi hydrological station...
Evidence for a gas-flaring source of alkanes leading to elevated ozone in air above West Africa
October 2017
As part of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) project, the FAAM BAe-146 research aircraft sampled the lower and mid-troposphere around the West Africa sub-region. Back trajectory analysis of the air parcels sampled on-board during the entire duration of the flights showed the history and fate of the air parcels. Data from flights B228 and B231 showed strongly enhanced carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone...
Correlation and mapping of geothermal and radioactive heat production from the Anambra Basin, Nigeria
October 2017
Twelve sheets of aeromagnetic and aeroradiometric data covered the study area. The data was used to investigate heat sources. The aeromagnetic data were combined to form a composite map- total magnetic intensity (TMI) anomaly map and aeroradiometric data of each radio-element were combined to produce the radioelements maps. Regional-residual separation of the total magnetic intensity data was performed using polynomial...
Effects of soil bund on soil physical and chemical properties in Arsi Negelle woreda, Central Ethiopia
October 2017
This study was conducted in Arsi Negelle woreda of West Arsi Zone, Oromia regional state. The main objective of the study was to investigate the impacts of soil bund on soil physical and chemical properties in Arsi Negelle woreda. The soil data was collected from sites namely: lowland, midland and highland and from soil bunds aged >4 years, <4 years and control of farmland. Three representative sites were selected...
Pig faeces digestion as compared to anaerobic co-digestion using waste waters sludge or bovine ruminal gastric content treatments
October 2017
Anaerobic co-digestion improves the pig faeces digestion process. This work presents anaerobic digestion of pig faeces (C) as compared to 2 co-substrates: Sludge (L) from waste waters and bovine ruminal gastric content (R). Pig faeces used were generated in a local farm at the Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (UJAT), with a total population of 148 animals. Analytical determinations were made on the substrate and...
Spatial analysis of soil physical attributes from a degraded area under different types of management
September 2017
The objective of this work was to analyze the spatial variability of soil aggregates, porosity and density under five different land-uses and management conditions (degraded substrate - SD; degraded substrate with sewage sludge and Eucalyptus crop - SDLE; soil under pasture SP; capoeira under regeneration - SR; and soil under cerrado - SC). Total porosity (m3.m-3) and density (Mg m-3) of the soil; the mean weight...
Participatory approach to conservation and management of protected areas in Nigeria: Case study of Osse River Park Project
September 2017
Stakeholder involvement and participation are essential in achieving sustainable integration and sound environmental management of protected areas in Nigeria. Involvement and participation of local communities in conservation and management of Osse River Park were assessed through administration of structured questionnaires while relevant State Government Ministries in Environmental and Nature Resources Management and...
Characterization of pre-treated drill cutting waste and its use as fine aggregate in concrete
September 2017
Drill cuttings, generated in oil well drilling are managed to be disposed but will always have many environmental impacts. The innovation of this study was not only to produce a new and cost-effective material from drill cuttings, but also to mitigate its negative environmental impacts. Therefore, this article aims at characterizing and assessing behavior of drill cutting (DCI) deriving from well drilling activities in...
A review of heavy metals in soil and aquatic systems of urban and semi-urban areas in Malawi with comparisons to other selected countries
September 2017
Growth of cities in developing countries comes with increasing transportation and industrial activities which may contribute to accumulation of heavy metals in the environment. This paper provides a review of studies on heavy metals in Malawi`s environment, their potential environmental impacts and possible removal methods with comparisons to other selected countries. The reviewed data from Malawi showed that in water...
Spatial analysis of elements at risk and household vulnerability to landslide hazards on Mt. Elgon, Uganda
August 2017
Landslide hazards have in the last 10 years become more prominent on the Mt. Elgon ecosystem in Uganda often culminating into disasters. In this study, the community was assessed on their vulnerability to landslide hazards and the efficacy of existing institutional mechanisms with a view of improving resilience and disaster risk reduction. The study area was selected based on historical information of landslide...
Spatio-temporal dynamics of land use practices on rivers in tropical regions: A case study of Ruiru and Ndarugu Basins, Kiambu County, Kenya
August 2017
Land use dynamics are known to cause considerable modifications to the environment with broad and sometimes severe impacts on water quality and aquatic natural resources. In this study, the impacts of land use practices on water quality were estimated during the dry and wet seasons in Ruiru and Ndarugu Rivers, Kenya using remote sensing, geographic information systems and statistical techniques. A total of 12 sampling...
Evaluating the environmental law and energy policy dimensions of land-grabbing
August 2017
This article seeks to investigate whether concern for food security and investment liberalization are the principle drivers of land-grabbing in Africa. The investigation demonstrates that, in addition to food security concern, climate change and energy security considerations have been key catalysts arousing hunger for farmland, forests, and fisheries resources in Africa. In particular, certain provisions of the United...
Waste management in the case of Bahir Dar City near Lake Tana shore in Northwestern Ethiopia: A review
August 2017
Urbanization is a global phenomenon with more pronounced consequences on waste management in developing countries. The rate of infrastructure development is mostly outpaced by the rate of waste generation. Bahir Dar city, as a rapidly urbanizing city in the southern part of Lake Tana, is not an exception. On top of production of more wastes, the waste management practice is challenged by low prioritization of waste...
Electric energy generation from a floating dome type biogas plant at a ranch in the southeast of Mexico
July 2017
Ranches of Mexico’s southeast region have an important energetic potential on their organic waste that remains unexploited. The objective of this work is to present the construction and operation of a floating dome “Biodigester” in a ranch located in Jalapa, Tabasco, Mexico, in addition to the analysis of produced biogas and its electric energy generation. The construction was based in the...
Another decade of water quality assessment studies in Tanzania: Status, challenges and future prospects
July 2017
Increased population pressure and environmental stressors have amplified research on water quality both locally and globally. In Tanzania, water quality assessment is a mature discipline, with an over four-decade history. In this article, studies on water quality assessment in Tanzania from 2006 through 2016 are reviewed. The approach used is to scan selected publications to gather data and information on types and...
Effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and estradiol hormone levels in reproductively mature male pigs
July 2017
Aflatoxin is a major food contaminant, with adverse effects on the physiology of both humans and animals. Exposure to aflatoxins has been known to pose a great threat to both humans and animals, particularly, in the tropics, with varied pathophysiological effects. This research focused on the effects of aflatoxin BI on the pituitary-gonadal axis of pigs, an area that has not fully been investigated since most studies...
Effect of cement factory on land use-land cover in Obajana Lokoja Local Government Area, Kogi State, Nigeria
July 2017
Land use-land cover (LULC) is a vital phenomenon for the understanding interactions between the environment and human activities. In order to study and manage the resultant changes, it is pertinent to map different themes from time to time. The study focuses on the effect of the location of cement factory on land use-land cover in Obajana Community, Lokoja Local Government Area Kogi, Nigeria. The study employed...
Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia removal from biogas using water hyacinth-derived carbon nanomaterials
July 2017
The presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) in biogas pose serious human health and environmental challenges. In this study, H2S and NH3 were successfully removed from biogas using water hyacinth-derived carbon (WHC) nanomaterials. Carbonization temperature, biogas flow rate, mass of the adsorbent and activating agent (KOH/water hyacinth (WH)) ratio were found to greatly influence the efficiency of the H2S...
Review on heavy metal pollution in major lakes of India: Remediation through plants
June 2017
The historical lakes of India are getting over burdened with the loads of pollution due to the rapid growth of small scale industries, nutrient enrichment and other anthropogenic activities. The high concentrations of metals in the water bodies, their entry into ecological food chain and the resulting health effects are of great concern to the researchers in the areas of ecology. Due to the problems associated with the...
Deforestation in power line construction in the Central African Region
June 2017
Power transmission lines in forest regions like the southern parts of Cameroon are subjected to numerous failures arising from natural hazards, including earth faults and line ruptures provoked by swaying or falling neighbouring trees and their branches. To pre-empt this problem, those trees which represent a potential threat to the operation of the power line must be eliminated. Deforestation during line construction...
Bioremediation of soil and water polluted by cyanide: A review
June 2017
Cyanide is a chemical that is widely distributed in the environment, mainly as a result of anthropogenic activities. Only small quantities are naturally produced. Most industrial activities use this chemical compound for manufacturing a product as electroplating or for extracting gold. Exposure to cyanide results in negative health impacts to the wildlife and humans. In nature, cyanide occurs in several species and...
Seasonal macrophyte diversity and water quality in an urban wetland
June 2017
The ecosystem services of encroached urban wetlands that receive wastewater and surface run-offs have become more challenging due to climate variability. Our study assessed the seasonal macrophyte diversity and water quality of the streams flowing into and out from Pece wetland in Gulu Municipality. The macrophyte species in the wetland were sampled along five transects. Water samples from the streams were also...
Geoelectrical logging for well screening in prolific aquifers in Ubima, Ikwerre Local Government Area, River State, Nigeria
June 2017
Geoelectrical logging was conducted in two well locations in Ubima community, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Self-Potential (SP) and Resistivity (Short Normal and Long Normal) logs were employed. Two points each in wells 1 and 2, respectively, were tested to determine the porosity (ɸ), permeability, k and the total dissolved solids (TDS) in the aquifer by derivation from electrical conductivity (EC). The results show that for...
Impacts of bacterial pollution on hand-dug well water quality in Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
June 2017
This study investigated the effect of bacterial pollution on ground water quality in Enugu urban areas. During the study, samples were collected from ten (10) hand-dug wells (W1-W10c). Five (5) hand dug wells out of ten (10) were used as control. All samples were taken according to methods described by Federal Ministry of Water Resources (2004). Membrane filtration (MF) method was used to enumerate total coliforms (TC),...
Kinetic analysis of anaerobic sequencing batch reactor for the treatment of tannery wastewater
June 2017
A pilot scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) was operated at different organic loading rate (1.03, 1.23, 1.52 and 2.21 kg.m-3.d-1) in order to determine the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and methane production kinetic models. The system was operated at mesophilic temperature. The wastewater was fed using submersible pump in every twenty four hours and agitated with hydraulic pump for fifteen minutes in...
Using Citizen Science Approach to monitor water, sanitation and hygiene Related Risks in Karonga Town, Malawi
June 2017
Relatively few studies have explored how resilience of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) systems to hazards can be enhanced under the current and future development and climatic challenges pressures in urban areas. This study employed the citizen science approach to build the capacity of citizens and integrate communities into scientific research on water quality and WASH related risk monitoring. Data was collected...
Physicochemical properties of soils and some water sources on the Eastern Flank of Mount Cameroon
May 2017
Human activities such as agriculture, construction of houses and automobile workshops and natural processes alter the properties of soils and water which affect the health of plants, animals and humans. This work was therefore, aimed at investigating some physicochemical properties of soils and some water sources on the Western Flank of Mount Cameroon with altitude and selected natural and/or anthropogenic activities....
Underscoring the role of Nigerian rural women in environmental protection: Lessons from Makarfi in Kaduna State, Nigeria
May 2017
Despite the role that rural women in Nigeria play in protecting the environment, not many studies acknowledge their contributions. As part of efforts to highlight women’s contributions, this study interviewed 60 women between the ages of 20 to 60 on how important the environment is to their livelihood and how they protect it. Fifty percent (50%) of the women identified as farmers, forty percent (40%) as traders,...
Coupling chemical coagulation and photodegradation on titaniferous sand for the treatment of tobacco effluents
May 2017
Over the last decades, the world production of cigarettes has increased considerably. However, the industrial production generates large quantities of colloidal effluents consisting of toxic and recalcitrant compounds. Thus, taking account the colloidal aspect of the effluent and the persistence of some compounds, this study aims at coupling chemical coagulation and photodegradation on titaniferous sand to treat...
Activity concentrations and dose assessment of 226Ra, 228Ra, 232Th, 40K , 222Rn and 220Rn in soil samples from Newmont-Akyem gold mine using gamma-ray spectrometry
May 2017
In this study 14 soil samples were measured for natural radioactivity levels including radon-222 (222Rn) and radon-220 (220Rn) concentration at Akyem-Gold Mine premises, surrounding communities in Ghana. Both radon and radioactivity concentrations of radium-226 (226Ra), thorium-232 (232Th) and potassium-40 (40K) were determined by means of gamma spectrometry system equipped with high purity germanium detector. The...
Enhancing benefits from biomass wastes within small-medium scale coffee processing factories in Kiambu County, Kenya
April 2017
Coffee processing is associated with various sustainability challenges largely due to high water and energy demand, biomass waste generation and lately low returns to farmers. The number of farmers actively involved in coffee production in Kenya is declining. Despite this trend, this paper reports on the potential of maximising benefits to coffee farmers by using coffee processing wastes (pulp and husks) in energy and...
Identification and classification of clayshale characteristic and some considerations for slope stability
April 2017
It is very necessary for clay shale layer to slake for durability. The identification and classification of clayshale should be considered based on slope design. Several locations of clayshale slopes were stable during the construction of Cipularang Highway 97 + 000 km, West Java, Indonesia. However, they experience landslides after some time. Therefore, material properties and shear strength characteristics of...
The effect of Amaranthus hybridus on fluoride removal by iron (III) salts as fluoride coagulants
April 2017
The use of iron (Fe) (III) salts as fluoride coagulants in water is challenged by the requirement of high pH for maximum efficiency. At their natural pH, these salts have low fluoride removal efficiency. This study examines the effect of amaranth plants on enhancement of the defluoridation efficiency of Fe (III) salts as coagulants. Amaranthus hybridus plants were suspended in fluoride water treated with varying...
Comparison of solids in effluent from pulping kenaf stem with formic acid and sodium hydroxide
March 2017
The pulp and paper industry is the sixth largest polluter discharging a variety of gaseous, liquid and solid wastes into the environment. This pollution mainly arises due to chemicals used during production, so this study compared these two chemicals to determine the better one for a cleaner production process. A dewatered kenaf stem was cooked in the 20, 60 and 90% concentrations of formic acid and sodium hydroxide at...
Analysis of physiochemical characteristics influencing disposal of pit latrine sludge in Nakuru Municipality, Kenya
March 2017
On-site sanitation facilities, mostly pit latrines are the main points of human excreta disposal in peri-urban low-income settlements in Kenya. Collection, treatment and final disposal of pit latrine faecal sludge, pose a significant management problem and present public health risks. The choice of appropriate faecal sludge treatment technology depends on precise region based data on the sludge characteristics that are...
Latrine utilization and associated factors among kebeles implementing and non implementing Urban Community Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene in Hawassa town, Ethiopia
March 2017
A major public health problem in developing countries including Ethiopia is related with poor sanitation and hygiene. Globally, over 2.5 billion people are still without access to improved sanitation. In 2010, 15% of the population still practice open defecation. The main objective of this study was to compare the latrine utilization rate and identify determinant factors among kebeles implementing and not implementing...
Page 5 of 22, showing 50 records out of 1070 total, starting on record 201, ending on 250
Advertisement
Advertisement
