Comparison of solids in effluent from pulping kenaf stem with formic acid and sodium hydroxide
March 2017
The pulp and paper industry is the sixth largest polluter discharging a variety of gaseous, liquid and solid wastes into the environment. This pollution mainly arises due to chemicals used during production, so this study compared these two chemicals to determine the better one for a cleaner production process. A dewatered kenaf stem was cooked in the 20, 60 and 90% concentrations of formic acid and sodium hydroxide at...
Pollution by endocrine disrupting estrogens in aquatic ecosystems in Morogoro urban and peri-urban areas in Tanzania
February 2017
This study aimed to assess the extent of pollution of aquatic ecosystems by endocrine disrupting estrogens particularly the ethinylestradiol (EE2), estrone (E2) and estradiol (E1). The study was carried out in Morogoro urban and peri-urban areas. The main sources of fresh water for domestic uses, fishing and agricultural activities in the study areas including the Mindu dam catchment area, Ngerengere and Morogoro Rivers...
Effect of degradation on microbiological and physiochemical parameters of domestic wastewaters from the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
February 2017
Domestic wastewater from ten (10) different residential halls in the Federal University of Technology, Akure were collected and analyzed by considering microbiological and physiochemical characteristics and their degradation with time. Pour plating technique was used for the microbiological analysis, physico-chemical parameters were assayed using the American Public Health Association methods, while degradation was...
Environmental fate of pesticides applied on coffee crops in southeast of Brazil
February 2017
The aim of this paper was evaluate the environmental fate of pesticides applied in coffee crops in southeast of Brazil, using the level I fugacity model. Chemical and physical characteristics of the pesticides were considered in different environmental compartments and applied fugacity equations. The preliminary evaluation of contamination risk due the use of pesticides in coffee crops, using fugacity models, proved to...
Residents’ perception of solid waste disposal practices in Sokoto, Northwest Nigeria
February 2017
Proper waste disposal is a key to protecting public health. Thus poorly managed and disposed waste encourages breeding of insect vectors and exposed public to increase risk of infection. This study aimed at determining the residents’ perception about waste disposal in Sokoto metropolis. This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted in Sokoto metropolis. A two stage sampling technique was used to...
Effects of different fertilizers on methane emission from paddy field of Zhejiang, China
January 2017
Methane (CH4) emissions from Chinese paddy soil (Zhejiang province) were measured over the rice growing seasons. Different fertilizers (organic and chemical) were applied, emissions of methane were high during two periods (05 days after peak tillering and 07 days after heading flowering stage) and significant effects of fertilizers were observed. Methanogenic activities in soils treated with organic manure were...
Aerobic mineralization of selected organic nutrient sources for soil fertility improvement in cambisols, Southern Ethiopia
January 2017
Application of organic nutrient sources ONS for soil amendment may have an enormous advantage that improve nutrient cycling in soil–plant relations. The amount and rate of nutrient release from plant residues depend on their quality characteristics and biochemical composition of the ONS. An Aerobic Mineralization study was conducted in green house experiment to determine the N release dynamics of Erythrina...
Eggshells – assisted hydrolysis of banana pulp for biogas production
January 2017
In this study, pretreatment of banana pulp using eggshells in both calcined and un-calcined forms to examine the extent of hydrolysis was conducted. Reactor CO containing banana pulp and inoculum but with no eggshells added was used as the control, while reactors C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5 containing banana pulp and inoculum were spiked with 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 g of un-calcined eggshells and calcined eggshells, for experiment...
Effect of discharges from re-channeled rivers and municipal runoff on water quality of Opa reservoir, Ile-Ife, Southwest Nigeria
January 2017
Over the years, there is a direct linkage of township drains and streams to the Opa reservoir, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria. Hence the spatial and temporal variations of the reservoir’s water quality were studied between November 2012 and October 2013 to investigate the effect of these discharges on these. Physical, chemical as well as the oxygen parameters of the water were investigated using...
Comparative study of soil physical characteristics of Jaipur district, Rajasthan
January 2017
Increasing trend in the frequency of natural events like floods and drought, etc. due to increasing urbanisation has led to degradation of the ecosystems. A major flood in year 1981 in Jaipur district resulted into huge erosion of the top fertile soil and leaving the land unproductive for agriculture production. The present study was carried in Jaipur district of Rajasthan state to measure physical characteristics of...
Preliminary study on climate seasonal and spatial variations on the abundance and diversity of fungi species in natural plantation ecosystems of Ile-Ife, South West, Nigeria
January 2017
The biodiversity assessment of fungi and the knowledge of the forces that controls the distribution of fungi and their community are becoming more important in the light of climate change and variability. Fungi provide the global foundation for plant as mutualists, decomposers and pathogens. This study deals with the primary screening, characterization and seasonal variations of mycoflora, isolated from medicinal, oil...
The earthquake/seismic risk, vulnerability and capacity profile for Karonga town
January 2017
The study was carried out to understand the risks posed by earthquakes in Karonga based on roles and perception of stakeholders. Information was collected from several stakeholders who were found responding to earthquakes impacts in Karonga Town. The study found that several stakeholders, governmental and non-governmental department and organisation operate in Karonga District to respond to hazards and disasters that...
The impact of septic systems density and nearness to spring water points, on water quality
January 2017
Worldwide, 1.1 billion people do not have access to clean water and as a result, 2 million children die annually due to preventable waterborne diseases. In Uganda, 440 Children die every week of waterborne diseases. High prevalence of this death is reported in the peri urban areas. It is still unclear however the causes of water pollution in the peri-urban areas. The improper use of onsite sanitation facilities such as...
Biosorption of fluoride ion from water using the seeds of the cabbage tree (Moringa stenopetala)
January 2017
Conventional water treatment technologies for the removal of fluoride ion may not be feasible for developing countries due to their high investment and operational costs. The aim of this study was therefore, to investigate the fluoride biosorption potential of the seeds of the cabbage tree (Moringa stenopetala). The influence of Moringa dosage, pH, contact time, and initial concentration of fluoride ion was...
Hydrogeochemical and isotopic characterization of the groundwater in the Dababa area (Chad)
December 2016
The Central-African country of Chad, located in the Sahel-Sahara zone, faces diverse shortages of portable water. The only reliable source of water available for drinking, domestic and agricultural use in the Dababa Division is groundwater. Conventional hydro-geochemical and isotopic methodology, coupled with piezometric data, allowed investigators to identify the numerous process affecting not only water quality, but...
Role of indigenous knowledge systems in the conservation of the bio-physical environment among the Teso community in Busia County-Kenya
December 2016
The indigenous knowledge systems are a significant resource which would contribute to the increased efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability in environmental conservation among rural communities of developing countries in particular. They form the basis for community-level decision making in areas pertaining to food security, human and animal health, education and more important in natural resource management....
The potential impacts of climate change on hydropower: An assessment of Lujeri micro hydropower scheme, Malawi
December 2016
Climate change has the potential to affect hydropower generation by either increasing or reducing flows (discharge) and the head. This paper assessed the impacts of climate change on hydropower generation with a focus on Lujeri micro-hydropower scheme in Mulanje district, Malawi. The study analyzed trends in weather time series (air temperature and rainfall) data from 1980 to 2011 in connection to changes in river...
The determinants of squatter development in Southern Aba Region of Nigeria
November 2016
Squatter developments are settlements predominantly composed of makeshift structures, often constructed on cheap or vacant land. Squatter development in Southern Aba Region of Nigeria constitutes nonconventional housing, constructed by the urban poor- predominantly the rural migrants and migrants from the main city of Aba, Port-Harcourt and Uyo. This study examined the determinants of squatter development in Southern...
Air pollution emission inventory along a major traffic route within Ibadan Metropolis, southwestern Nigeria
November 2016
Increasing road congestion and high traffic volume is often times an indicator of atmospheric air pollution. Ibadan, being the largest metropolitan city in southwestern Nigeria, experiences steady influx of vehicular movement on daily bases. The situation is made worse as a greater number of these vehicles are old and poorly maintained. This study therefore investigated the likely impact of high traffic volume along a...
Characterization and classification of clay minerals for potential applications in Rugi Ward, Kenya
November 2016
The applications of various clayey minerals are related to their structural, physical and chemical characteristics. The physical and chemical properties of the clayey minerals dictate their utilization in the process industries and beneficiation required before usage. The study aimed at establishing the potentiality of clayey minerals from the study area, and the possibility of exploring and exploiting them in order to...
Land use/cover change and perceived watershed status in Eastern Uganda
November 2016
This study assessed the current status of Awoja in Ngora district of Eastern Uganda. Remote sensing, household survey, In Pac S methodology and focus group discussions were used to acquire data from April to July, 2015. Landsat satellite imageries from 2007 and 2013 were acquired by USGS Earth Explorer to quantify land use/cover changes. Five land use/cover types were identified namely; (1)...
Importance of soil physical characteristics for petroleum hydrocarbons phytoremediation: A review
November 2016
Petroleum and petrochemical hydrocarbons for some places are serious sources of environmental pollutants. To remediate these contaminants, phytoremediation, a relatively low cost and an environmental friendly technique is recommended more widely, now more than ever. Successful and effective applying of hydrocarbons phytoremediation depends mainly on the soil and plant types and conditions and microbial activities and...
Applicable international environmental impact assessment laws for the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria
November 2016
The Niger Delta Area of Nigeria has undergone several alterations in her environment through various projects development including oil and gas exploration, dredging and mining activities. These activities have continued to impact the environment as relevant organs of the government deliberately down play the relationship between environmental degradation/pollution and project developments. Though, there are plethora of...
Challenges of water accessibility in the urban centres of Malawi: A case study of Blantyre City
October 2016
This study assesses challenges of water supply to urban areas of Malawi since factors obstructing water availability, indicators of water service’s delivery, trend of tariff structure and cost recovery’s mechanisms and water governance in Malawi have been poorly assessed in the past despite the fact that the country has engaged itself in the improvement of urban water policy. The study was conducted in...
Evaluation of fluoride enrichment processes in groundwater of Chimakurthy granitic pluton complex in Prakasam District India
October 2016
Hydrogeochemical evaluation of aquifers belonging to Chimakurthy granitic pluton complex reveals wide spatial and temporal variation in F- distribution. F- concentration in groundwater of different aquifers varies from < 0. 50 to 9.84 mg/l. Among three sampled episodes, the mean value of F- is high in July 2010 and 61% of samples have values above maximum permissible limit as per the Bureau of Indian...
Atmospheric ventilation corridors and coefficients for pollution plume released from an Industrial Facility in Ile-Ife Suburb, Nigeria
October 2016
This study presents a comparative investigation of atmospheric ventilation corridors and coefficients for gaseous pollution plume released from an isolated industrial facility into the ambient air of the host community in Ile-Ife suburb, southwest Nigeria. For the months of September to December in the year 2012 and 2013, measurement of surface layer atmospheric parameters made from an instrumented mast located near the...
An evaluation of biogas production from anaerobic digester of a constructed wetland domestic wastewater treatment plant
October 2016
Domestic wastewater treatment using constructed wetlands have been found to be very efficient and cost effective. Primary treatment facilities such as anaerobic digesters have been reported to reduce the organic load of wastewater before entering the constructed wetland systems. It has also been established that biogas is a product of organic matter decomposition under anaerobic condition. In this study, we evaluated...
A critical analysis of physiochemical properties influencing pit latrine emptying and feacal sludge disposal in Kampala Slums, Uganda
October 2016
Inadequate information on physiochemical properties of faecal sludge leads to inappropriate design of pit emptying devices and poor faecal sludge disposal contributing to environmental pollution. This study undertook a critical analysis of physiochemical properties of feacal sludge that influence design and performance of pit emptying devices and faecal sludge disposal for improved faecal sludge management in urban...
Investigating the potability of water from dug wells: A case study of the Bolgatanga Township, Ghana
October 2016
The aim of this study was to assess the levels of some physico-chemical and microbial water quality parameters in fifteen hand-dug wells in Bolgatanga of the Upper East region of Ghana. The effects of seasonal variation and proximity to pollution sources on the concentrations of some parameters of the well water samples were analysed. The results revealed that, total and faecal coliforms in all fifteen samples exceeded...
Preliminary investigation of transfer of metals from soil to vegetables: Case study of Spinacia oleracea L.
September 2016
The objective of the study was to measure concentrations of Cu, Ni and Zn in Spinacia oleracea cultivated at a site near the copper and nickel mine in Selebi Phikwe. The mean concentrations (in dry matter-basis) of Cu, Zn and Ni in the whole plant system were 7.30 ± 2.51, 6.02 ± 2.16 and 0.03 ± 0.02, mg/kg, respectively. Enrichment factors (EF) of Cu, Ni and Zn were far below the EF value of 1.5...
Comparison of community managed projects and conventional approaches in rural water supply of Ethiopia
September 2016
This study aimed to compare Community Managed Projects (CMP) approach with the conventional approaches (Non-CMP) in the case of Ethiopia. The data collection methods include a household survey (n=1806), community representative interviews (n=49), focus group discussions with district water experts (n=48) and observations of water systems (n=49). The data were collected from seven districts of two regions of Ethiopia....
Geochemical assessment of toxic metals stocking in top-soil within the area of limestone quarry in Gombe of North-eastern Nigeria
September 2016
This work presents an assessment of geochemical toxic metal stocking in top-soil within the area of a limestone quarry in Gombe State. Samples of topsoil from the area of a limestone quarry in Gombe (North-eastern Nigeria) were collected to analyse levels of hazardous substances such as of Hg, Fe, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd and Pb. A total of 24 topsoil samples were collected around the radius of 0.5 km from the blasting...
Co-composting of sewage sludge and Echinochloa pyramidalis (Lam.) Hitchc. & Chase plant material from a constructed wetland system treating domestic wastewater in Cameroon
September 2016
Trials were conducted at the Cité-Verte domestic wastewater treatment station (Yaoundé-Cameroon) in order to assess the effect of three sewage sludge: Macrophyte ratios on the co-composting process and compost quality. The ratios were T1: 25 kg of plant material (Echinochloa pyramidalis) and 75 kg sludge; T2: 50 kg of plant material and 50 kg sludge, and T3: 75 kg of plant material and 25 kg of sludge. The...
The use of magnetic susceptibility measurements to determine pollution of agricultural soils in road proximity
September 2016
This research work presents a study on the application of magnetic susceptibility measurements and geochemical analysis for mapping or assessing heavy metal pollution in the agricultural soil in road proximity. The research work was also done to check any runoff of heavy metals pollution to the Owabi dam which serves as the main water sources to catchment areas and the whole of Kumasi Metropolis. This research work was...
Modeling sludge accumulation rates in lined pit latrines in slum areas of Kampala City, Uganda
August 2016
Disposal of faecal sludge particularly in slum areas is a difficult undertaking given the lack of space and resources. Inaccurate prediction of sludge accumulation rates (SAR) in pit latrines leads to unplanned pit latrine emptying. Given that the users and owners cannot afford the conventional emptying techniques frequently, inappropriate methods such as open defecation and emptying into storm drainages are employed...
The analysis of physicochemical characteristics of pig farm seepage and its possible impact on the receiving natural environment
August 2016
Pig farm seepage poses an environmental risk, considering that seepage can be generally applied on land without appropriate agronomic criteria or may accidentally spill on the natural environment. These environmental risks include increasing oxygen demand, nutrient loading of water-bodies, promoting toxic and algal blooms eutrophication, thus, leading to a destabilized environment. This research was conducted to...
Assessment of the effect of effluent discharge from coffee refineries on the quality of river water in South-western Ethiopia
August 2016
The ecohydrological quality of water resource of Ethiopia is declining at an alarming rate, resulting in severe environmental degradation. This study finds out the effects of effluent discharge from intensive coffee refineries on river water quality based on physicochemical parameters and benthos assemblages as biological indicators. The experiment was done using complete randomized design (CRD) with three composite...
Statistical analysis of the effects of relative humidity and temperature on radio refractivity over Nigeria using satellite data
July 2016
Meteorological data from the Department of Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM-SAF), DWD Germany have been used to study and investigate the effect of relative humidity and temperature on refractivity in twenty six locations grouped into for climatic regions aloft Nigeria (Coastal, Guinea savannah, Midland and sub Sahelian regions). The four years data collected ranged from 2004 to 2007 and was...
Key factors affecting performance of biogas latrines in urban informal areas: Case of Kampala and Nairobi, East Africa
July 2016
Large scale application of biogas latrine technology in developing countries faces technical, socio-economic and financial challenges. As a result, harnessing its full potential has not been realized. This study examined variables describing the design, construction, operation and maintenance of nineteen biogas latrines in relation to their performance in Kampala and Nairobi, based on survey and field observations....
Combined use of Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) and electrical resistivity survey for evaluation of groundwater potential of Modomo/Eleweran area, south western Nigeria
July 2016
Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) and electrical resistivity surveys were conducted at Modomo/Eleweran, along Ede-road, south western Nigeria, with a view to delineate the hydrogeophysical characterization of the study area. The area is underlain by the Precambrian Basement Complex rocks. The VLF-EM traverses were established along 6 traverses with a station interval of 10 m with lengths ranging from 130 to...
Physicochemical and bacteriological quality assessment of the Bambui community drinking water in the North West Region of Cameroon
June 2016
In order to ascertain water quality for human consumption, physical and chemical parameters, together with faecal forms of bacteria were evaluated in the drinking water resources of the Bambui community in the North West region of Cameroon. This study was necessitated by the occasional presence of suspended particles in the water and typhoid cases recorded in the Bambui community. Samples of tap water collected from...
Temporal and spatial variability of rainfall distribution and evapotranspiration across altitudinal gradient in the Bilate River Watershed, Southern Ethiopia
June 2016
Rainfall and evapotranspiration are the two major climatic factors affecting agricultural production. This study examined the extent and nature of rainfall variability from measured data while estimation of evapotranspiration was made from recorded weather data. Analysis of rainfall variability is made by the rainfall anomaly index, coefficient of variance and precipitation concentration index. The FAO-56...
Assessment of heavy metals concentration in water, soil sediment and biological tissues of the lesser flamingos in four eastern rift valley lakes
June 2016
The term heavy metal refers to any metallic chemical element that has a relatively high density and is toxic at low concentrations. This study was conducted in four eastern Rift Valley lakes which included Lakes Oloidien, Crater, Elementaita and Nakuru, to determine the presence and levels of lead, arsenic, cadmium and chromium concentration in water, soil sediments and biological tissues of the Lesser Flamingos...
Heavy metal contamination in stream water and sediments of gold mining areas of South Western Nigeria
May 2016
This study assessed the seasonal variation in heavy metal contamination of stream water and sediments in the gold mining area of Atakunmosa West local Government, Osun State, Nigeria. Twelve villages of prominence in illegal gold mining were selected for the study covering dry and wet seasons of 2012. Stream water and sediment samples were randomly sampled for both seasons. Samples were analyzed with atomic absorption...
Dredging induced changes in zooplankton community and water quality in Dal Lake, Kashmir, India
May 2016
A study was conducted from July 2013 to June 2014 to assess the outcome of dredging activity on the water characteristics and zooplankton community structure in Dal Lake. An assessment was done with respect to alterations in physico-chemical parameters and zooplankton community changes in pre-dredged and post-dredging periods. The results showed a considerable reduction in Secchi transparency while water depth,...
Spatial dynamic of mobile dunes, soil crusting and Yobe’s bank retreat in the Niger’s Lake Chad basin part: Cases of Issari and Bagara
April 2016
The process of desertification is accelerated in the northern part of Lake Chad basin since the early 1970. Those processes linked to the recurrent drought and a heavy human pressure induced a great environmental damages. So this study based on diachronic cartography (1957, 1975 and 2007) aimed to describe and quantify the degradation dynamics in the contrasting Niger’s Lake Chad basin part. Thus significant...
Development of built environment and its implication on flood risk in Gombe Metropolis, Nigeria
April 2016
The increasing frequency of flood events in urban areas and its devastating impact on lives, properties, resources and the environment as a whole has posed a serious concern to environmental scientist the world over. There are many different perspectives regarding factors responsible for flood risk in urban areas, which range from hydrological extremes to man-induced factors. This paper examines the impact of built...
Temporal relationship between climate variability, Prosopis juliflora invasion and livestock numbers in the drylands of Magadi, Kenya
April 2016
A study was conducted to determine the association of climate variability, Prosopis juliflora spread, and other vegetation trends with livestock population dynamics in Kajiado County, Kenya. Monthly rainfall, mean monthly temperatures, cattle, sheep and goats populations from January 2000 to December 2014, were analyzed to determine time series trends. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data derived from...
Environmental conditions in displaced communities of Khartoum State, Sudan
April 2016
Inadequate environmental sanitation has been recognized as a public health hazard worldwide. Nearly one quarter of all deaths and of the total disease burden and slightly more than one-third for children can be attributed to the changes and degradation of the environment. This study examined the environmental conditions of the displaced communities in Khartoum State, Sudan. A community-based descriptive, cross-sectional...
Effects of vegetation's degradation on carbon stock, morphological, physical and chemical characteristics of soils within the mangrove forest of the Rio del Rey Estuary: Case study – Bamusso (South-West Cameroon)
March 2016
This study was conducted to assess the capacity of mangroves soils to stock carbon and how degradation can influence its various properties. Transect method was performed. So, two transects of 100 m length and 10 m wide were established according to the degradation level. Total of 18 Soil samples were taken to be described and analysed. The degraded transect (T1) shows a mean carbon stock value of 2102.06 ± 405...
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