Proximate, anti-nutrient and sensory properties of ogi, a millet based gruel supplemented with treated African oil bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth.) seed flour
March 2015
The proximate, anti-nutrient and sensory properties of millet ogi supplemented with treated African oil bean flour were evaluated. Millet ogi was produced using traditional method which involved soaking, wet milling, fermentation and drying. African oil bean seeds were decoated, roasted, fermented and defatted under controlled experiment. Flours obtained were substituted with millet ogi at 10 and 20% levels. The results...
Influence of fish smoking methods on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content and possible risks to human health
March 2015
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental contaminants representing an important group of carcinogens that have been detected in smoked fish. This work investigated the effect of fish smoking methods on dietary exposure to PAHs and potential risks to human health. The smoking methods considered accounted for differences in smoked catfish/solefish content of 16 PAHs. The results revealed...
Storage stability of tomato paste as influenced by oil-citric acid and packaging materials
March 2015
Tomato pulp was concentrated by boiling at 90°C for 1 h. A mixture of 0.1% citric acid and 25 ml of vegetable oil were added to 100 g of the paste and packaged in aluminum foil (AF), low density polyethylene (LDP), plastic containers (PC) and stored under ambient temperature (30±0.1°C). Chemical analyses were carried out to determine pH, total solids, total acidity and refractive index as well as...
Nutrients content, characterization and oil extraction from Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. fruits
March 2015
Proximate composition, physical and chemical analysis of the pulp, kernel and oils of Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. were investigated. The macauba pulp and the kernel represented 49 and 6.25% of the mass of the whole fruit, respectively. The main components present in the pulp and kernel are lipids (23.62 and 46.96%) and fibers (13.89 and 15.81%). Furthermore, the mineral analysis showed that the kernel had more...
Multivariate analysis of nutritional diversity of selected macro and micro nutrients in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) varieties
March 2015
Analysis on economically viable indigenous food cereals like pearl millet as alternative strategies to curb under nutrition and boost food security is of utmost importance to widen the essential nutrient sources for human beings. To contribute to this area, macro and micro nutrient analysis was carried out on 60 pearl millet genotypes. On each of the genotype, 7 biochemical parameters (starch, amylose, amylopectin,...
Alphonso mango conservation through exposure to gamma radiation
March 2015
Dispensation of fresh produce especially fruits through radiation, involves exposure to short wave energy to achieve a specific purpose viz. reduce the weight loss and extend the ripening. An experiment was carried out to study the effect of irradiation and storage conditions in Alphonso mango on physiological weight loss and ripening. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized block design with factorial...
Collection and evaluation of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) germplasm in Nigeria
March 2015
In order to assess the genetic diversity of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in Nigeria, a survey was undertaken to collect the germplasm of the crop. The survey cut across 56 towns and 20 villages in 17 states including the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Sixty three (63) farmers were interviewed and 60 accessions of Roselle were collected from them. Results showed that 41.7% of these accessions were having green...
Rheological properties of wheat-maize dough and their relationship with the quality of bread treated with ascorbic acid and Malzperle Classic® bread improver
February 2015
The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of ascorbic acid and a commercial bread improver on the physical quality of wheat-maize bread, and establish correlations between the physical properties of the bread and rheological properties of the dough. Wheat flour was substituted with 10, 20 or 30% maize flour and the farinograph and extensograph properties of the dough were evaluated. Farinograph water...
Particulating broiler finisher feeds into forms and diameters for nutritional and economic benefits (part 2)
February 2015
A study was conducted to examine the nutritional and economic effects of using pellet diets at various pellet diameters of 2, 4 and 6 mm pellet for broiler finisher birds in an experiment using Arbor Acre broilers chickens. Two hundred and forty Arbor Acre birds at the finisher phase (28-56 days) of broiler production were used in a 2 x 4 factorial experiment using completely randomized design. Diets in this study had...
Effect of different types of honey on the microbial shelf stability of cassava-wheat composite bread
February 2015
The effect of physicochemical properties (moisture content, total acidity, total phenolic content and viscosity) of honey on the microbial shelf stability of cassava-wheat composite bread was investigated. The percentage weights of the sugar (sucrose) required in the formulated recipe was substituted with different types of honey at the same level (70% sucrose: 30% honey). Freshly baked and cooled cassava-wheat...
Effects of stocking density on haematological functions of juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed varying crude protein levels
February 2015
This study was carried out to evaluate the growth performance and some haematological functions of Clarias gariepinus fed different levels of crude protein under varying stocking densities. Fish of even sizes were randomly selected and stocked in plastic circular tanks (0.05 x 0.03 x 0.03 m) at three stocking densities of 10 fish/m3 (control), 15 fish/m3 and 20 fish/m3. The fish of each stocking density were fed either...
A survey on traditional fish smoking in Lagos State, Nigeria
February 2015
This study examined the socio-economic characteristics, technologies and hygiene of the processors in 20 different ‘fish’ processing centres in fishing communities in Lagos State. A total of 200 questionnaires were administered through purposive sampling method at 10 respondents/processing centre. Data were collected through field observation and administration of structured questionnaire. Analytical...
The mycological content of ready to eat garri in Amassoma, Bayelsa State
February 2015
Garri is consumed by several millions of people in the West African sub-region and in Nigeria in particular, regardless of ethnicity and socio-economic class. However, production and handling methods have not been standardized resulting in garri product with varying mycological contamination. The objective of this study was to assess the mycological safety and mycological contamination of garri marketed in Amassoma,...
Survey of the konzo prevalence of village people and their nutrition in Kwilu District, Bandundu Province, DRC
February 2015
Konzo is a sudden spastic paraparesis that causes permanent paralysis of the legs and occurs mainly in children and young women. Konzo results from high cyanogen intake and malnutrition caused by a monotonous diet of bitter cassava. The known incidence of konzo in DRC up to 2009 is 3469 cases, but an estimate in 2002 was 100,000 cases. To help resolve this question a konzo survey was made in three health zones in...
Hygiene practices and food contamination in managed food service facilities in Uganda
January 2015
A longitudinal study was conducted to examine individual worker and institutional hygiene practices and bacterial contamination in food service facilities at Makerere University. Questionnaires regarding food service knowledge, attitudes, and practices were administered to 94 individual and institutional respondents from 16 facilities through in-person interviews. A total of 48 samples (3 per facility) were analyzed for...
Nutritional evaluation of cashew (Anacardium occidentale, l.) nut protein concentrate and isolate
January 2015
This study evaluated the nutritional qualities of a protein concentrate and an isolate produced from cashew nut. The nutritional qualities were evaluated by determining amino-acid composition, in vitro digestibility and anti-nutritional factors (tannins, trypsin inhibitor activity-TIA and phytic acid content) in the protein concentrate and isolate using standard analytical methods. The amino-acid with the highest...
Quality characteristics of African locust bean fruit pulp cakes
January 2015
Quality attributes such as proximate, functional and sensory qualities of wheat/African Locust bean fruit pulp cakes were investigated. Cakes were produced from ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 25:75 and 0:100 for African locust bean fruit pulp and wheat flour, respectively, with cake from 100% wheat flour used as a control. Samples were analyzed for proximate composition and sensory properties within 24 h of sample production....
The design and testing of an indirect cabinet solar dryer, for thin layer drying of Rastrineobola argentea fish, under the climatic conditions of Maseno, Kenya
January 2015
In spite of the high global demand for fish which is a major source of animal protein, nearly 10% (13 million tons) of the world’s total fish production is lost through spoilage due to inadequate cold storage and poor marketing/distribution channels. Fish is a highly perishable product that is processed by freezing, canning, salting and drying. About 40% of fish landings in developing countries are preserved...
Effect of some extrusion parameters on the nutrient composition and quality of a snack developed from cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) flour
October 2014
There is increase in the use of cocoyam tubers for flour production which can be use for food and industrial purposes in Nigeria. Cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) flour was cooked and extruded in a single screw extruder. A second order central composite response surface design was used in designing the experiment which generated 20 runs on selected process parameters including feed moisture (22, 24 and 26%), screw...
Impact of cooking time on the nutritional profile of sesame milk
October 2014
The effect of cooking time on nutritional characteristics of sesame milk was determined. Sesame milk was cooked at the temperature of 100°C for various duration (0, 15, 30 and 45 min), to produce samples marked as A, B, C and D. The sesame milk products were subjected to physico-chemical and sensory analyses using standard analytical methods. The moisture, protein, crude fat and energy contents decreased...
Kinetin-serine regulation of photosynthetic pigments and some antioxidant enzymes during dark induced senescence in spinach leaf discs
October 2014
Interesting observation of earlier investigation on regulation of leaf senescence in pigeon pea with serine prompted us to undertake studies on kinetin (Kn)-serine interaction in senescent leaf discs of Spinacia oleracea L., cv. S-23, over time, in the dark to determine their effectiveness individually, and in combination, on photosynthetic pigments, total soluble proteins, lipid peroxidation and activities of the...
Antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented milk products
October 2014
The bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which acted as antimicrobial substances or preservative component on fermented food product (yoghurt, kunu and fufu) was investigated against selected indicator food spoilage causing bacteria and antibiotics. The agar-well diffusion assay was employed to investigate the antagonistic activity against indicator organisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella spp.,...
Physico-chemical and pasting properties of starch from three plantain cultivars grown in Nigeria
October 2014
Starch was extracted from three different plantain (Musa paradisiaca) cultivars: agbagba, cadaba and French horn, and the physico-chemical and pasting properties of the starch were investigated. The percentage starch yield ranges from 6.67 (cadaba) to 15.00% (French horn). pH values fall between 4.46 to 5.50 with the highest pH occurring in cadaba (5.50). A higher moisture content of 13.15% was observed in French horn...
Homogenization of milk and its effect on sensory and physico-chemical properties of yoghurt
September 2014
This study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition, sensory properties and microbial load of differently homogenized milk for yoghurt-making. Milk was homogenized with a hand whisker (HW), pressure sprayer (PS) and high-speed mixer (HM) while the control was not homogenized (NH) prior to yoghurt-making. Samples were stored in a refrigerator for 10 days at 4°C and thereafter examined for microbial counts...
Beverage quality and biochemical attributes of arabusta coffee (C. arabica L. x C. canephora Pierre) and their parental genotypes
September 2014
Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is known for the production of high quality beverage while Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre) has been characterized as a neutral, weak flavored and occasionally with strong acid and pronounced bitterness. Viable and reasonably fertile interspecific hybrids can easily be obtained from crosses between the allotetraploid C. arabica L. and induced autotetraploid forms of C....
Nutraceutical and health benefits of some vegetables eaten in Enugu State Nigeria
September 2014
Little or nothing is known about the nutritional and medicinal values of some of the vegetables eaten in Enugu state of Nigeria. This study aimed to quantify the total antioxidants as phenols, total flavonoids, vitamin C content and reducing properties of six vegetables [Teltaria occidentals (ugu), Gnetum africanum (ukase), Piper quineense (uziza), Gongronema latifolium (utazi), Achyranthes spendens (awa), Occimum...
Effect of processing on the quality of flour, abacha slices and its flour derived from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) TMS 97/4779
September 2014
This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of processing methods on the quality of abacha slices. Abacha slices were produced from cassava (TMS 97/4779) roots by four different methods. The abacha processing methods investigated were of different peeling, boiling, slicing and soaking methods. Also, raw cassava flour, which was peeled, sliced and dried (PSD) was produced. The sensory properties and yield of abacha,...
Physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of dried Waragashi
August 2014
In this study, effects of drying temperature on the physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of Waragashi were investigated. Three types of produced Waragashi were investigated. The first one (V1) was obtained after coagulation of milk, the second called coloured Waragashi (V2), was obtained by boiling V1 for three minutes in aqueous solution of Sorghum vulgaris panicle (15 g/L) and the third one, refined...
Designer paneer
August 2014
Value added paneer was prepared to improve the fibre content in the otherwise fibre deficient paneer. Cereals like wheat and finger millet at 1% level was included in the preparation of paneer. Inclusion level of more than 1% caused pasty consistency. Sensory analysis was also carried out on the designed paneer. It was found that there was no significant difference in the flavour and overall acceptability between the...
Physical properties of dry-milled maize meals and their relationship with the texture of stiff and thin porridge
August 2014
Selected physical properties of white maize meal, obtained by different dry-milling techniques were evaluated and correlated to the texture of stiff and thin porridge. Sifted or par-cooked maize meals had finer particles than hammer-milled maize meals. Hammer-milled maize meals had lower water absorption indices (17-38%) and higher water solubility indices (WSI, 4-5%) than sifted (41-42 and 2-3%, respectively) or...
Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of selected Ugandan traditional medicinal foods
August 2014
Twenty one (21) traditional food plants recognized as medicinal by communities in Kamuli and Gulu districts in Uganda were identified and analyzed for their phytochemical content and antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content (2.6 ± 0.1 to 184.2 ± 6.4 mg GAE gDW-1) and flavonoid content (0.3 ± 0.1 to 162.2 ± 3.5 mg CE gDW-1) as well as antioxidant activity (0.1 ± 0.1 to 57.8...
Effect of extruded soy-cocoa and corn starch based complementary food on some haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters of rats
August 2014
Extruded soy-cocoa and corn-starch based complementary diet with a protein-energy ratio of 21% holds great promise in alleviating malnutrition so prevalent among Nigerian children under five years. There is however, paucity of scientific information on its safety- a necessary prelude to trials on human subjects. This study reports a controlled feeding trial involving 29 adult wistar rats housed in standard cages and...
Quality of pears with permeability of Bio-FreshTM edible coatings
August 2014
Bio-Freshtm edible coatings in four concentrations (0.5, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2%) were investigated on quality characteristics of conference pears (Pyrus communis L. cv. Conference) with regards to its permeability. The Bio-FreshTM was applied on pears by dipping. It was found that the effect of Bio-FreshTM on pears was significantly effective in maintaining the skin color of green and only coating 1.2% Bio-FreshTM delayed...
Possible microbial and biochemical contaminants of an indigenous banana beer 'Urwagwa': A mini review
July 2014
Indigenous traditional beers play an important role in the daily social, economic, nutritional and cultural life of the people especially in developing countries. Bananas and banana beer remain very popular in Rwanda and they continue to be an important source of income. Banana cultivation forms an essential part of the socio-economic life of Rwandan communities, and the fruit has a long and widespread history in the...
Physicochemical and bioactive properties of selected white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) varieties adapted to riverine areas of Nigeria
July 2014
Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a major food of cultural, economic and nutritional importance in Nigeria and throughout West Africa. In this sub-region, white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) is the most dominant and important species. This study is aimed at characterizing high yielding yam varieties of this species adapted to riverine areas and forest zones of Nigeria for physical and chemical characteristics. Eleven yam varieties...
Consumers’ acceptance of composite cassava-maize-wheat breads using baking improvers
July 2014
A consumer test of composite cassava: maize: wheat (40:10:50) breads prepared with improvers, 0.3% emulsifiers, either as lecithin (LC) or diacetyl tartaric acid ester of mono-diglycerides (DATEM), and 3% hydrocolloids, either as high-methylated pectin (HM pectin) or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), was carried out in supermarkets in Mozambique. Overall acceptance and sensory attributes such as appearance, texture, smell,...
Effect of flooding and salinity as a result of climate change on tomato production in the coastal zone of Benin
July 2014
The production of tomato in the coastal regions is affected by flooding and salinity conditions. A survey was conducted in this region to know the impact of change in climate on tomato production. Two types of flooding conditions are prevalent: flash flooding and severe flooding where water remains stagnant for weeks. The results also show that climate change is exacerbating the existing a-biotic factors (flooding and...
Chemical and functional properties of complementary food blends from malted and unmalted acha (Digitaria exilis), soybean (Glycine max) and defatted sesame (Sesamun indicum L.) flours
July 2014
Complementary foods of high nutrient qualities are expected to be given to infants in order to maintain their healthy status as they gradually transit from breastfeeding to family food. This study was aimed at producing high quality complementary food from locally available crops. Acha (Digitaria exilis), soybean (Glycine max) and sesame (Sesamun indicum L.) seeds were cleaned separately of dirt and extraneous...
Physical characteristics and sensory quality of bread produced from wheat/African oil bean flour blends
June 2014
The use of wheat flour and African oil bean flour blends in the production of bread was studied. The wheat flour was substituted with African oil bean flour at the following levels: 10, 20, 30 and 40% while wheat flour bread (sample WHF) served as control. The bread loaves were produced using the straight - dough procedure and subsequently evaluated for physical characteristics and sensory attributes. Results show a...
Storage study on colour retention in zobo concentrates by increasing concentration of ginger (Zingiber officinale)
June 2014
The effects of three concentration of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on some storage characteristics of zobo concentrate were investigated. Zobo drink was prepared using the traditional methods. The drinks were then concentrated by dehydration to 67%. Increasing concentration of ginger, 10, 5 and 0% were added to produce sample A, B and C, respectively and stored in opaque packaging materials for 28 days. The results...
Prevention of konzo in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) using the wetting method and correlation between konzo incidence and percentage of children with high urinary thiocyanate level
June 2014
There were 68 konzo cases in three villages in Boko Health Zone, Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where yearly incidence had increased greatly since 2009. The nine months long intervention to prevent konzo started in the wet season. Village women were taught the wetting method, after which there were no new konzo cases and urinary thiocyanate levels were low. Using data from four different...
Dietary fibre, ascorbic acid and proximate composition of tropical underutilised fruits
June 2014
The current surge in the prevalence of chronic diseases has necessitated the call for the increased consumption of fruits to curtail the phenomenon. The dietary fibre fractions, ascorbic acid and proximate composition of edible portions of four underutilised fruits namely; Annona muricata (soursop), Irvingia gabonensis (African mango), Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) and Annona squamosa (sweetsop) were studied. Dietary...
Development and quality evaluation of defatted groundnut and melon kernel flour based ethnic product “Roboâ€
June 2014
This study was carried out to develop a pepper-spiced flour based ethnic product “Robo” from melon and groundnut kernel with the aim of determining its nutritional quality and acceptability. Functional properties of defatted flours of groundnut and melon kernels were also determined. Crude protein (39.17 - 39.93%) and crude fat (16.80 - 17.53%) were found in groundnut “Robo” while crude protein...
Effect of lemon juice treatment and sun drying on vitamin C retention in three steam and water blanched indigenous vegetables over six weeks storage period
June 2014
Vitamin C is very important for human nutrition and any method that reduces its degradation in foods like vegetables needs to be advocated and utilized. In this current study, the effect of using lemon juice and sun drying on vitamin C retention of steam and water blanched Amaranthus hybridus, Bidens pilosa and Cleome gynandra indigenous vegetables stored for a period of six weeks was investigated. Results showed that...
Development of cookies and bread from cooked and fermented pearl millet flour
June 2014
The probiotic bacteria are found to be developed in the spontaneously fermented pearl millet. Bakery products are used as a vehicle for incorporation of different nutritionally rich ingredients. Fortification of wheat flour with non wheat proteins increases protein quality by improving its amino acid profiles. The anti nutrients phytic acid was reduced from 858.4 mg/100 g in the raw pearl millet to 380.3 mg/100 g in the...
Rheological properties and oxidative stability during storage of dough fried made from corn oil with medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCT)
June 2014
The rheological properties, oxidative stability, and water contents of the fried dough made from corn oil with medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCT), which is a mixture of MCT and corn oil at a volume ratio of 0% (0:100), 10% (10:90), 20% (20:80) and 30% (30:70) were studied. Flour dough was fried at 140°C for 6 min in fried dough and stored in a glass bottle at 50°C in the dark for 20 days. The water contents and...
Nutritional composition of Detarium microcarpum fruit
June 2014
The pulp of Detarium microcarpum fruit was extracted and samples were analyzed for the proximate, vitamin, mineral and anti-nutrient composition using standard methods. Crude protein content obtained in D. microcarpum fruit was 4.68% while the crude fat content was 2.23%. The fruit also contained 4.47% moisture, 4.47% ash, 11.06% crude fibre and 65.38% total carbohydrates. The mineral composition of the fruit pulp...
Physicochemical properties of bambarra groundnut starch and cassava starch blends
June 2014
The physicochemical properties of bambarra groundnut starch (BBS) and cassava starch (CS) were blended at different ratios (70BBS/30CS, 50BBS/50CS and 30BBS/70CS) and investigated. The minor components (lipids and proteins) of the starch granules were lowest for CS and highest for the blended starches. Apparent amylose (AAM) content of the starch blends was additive of their individual components. CS had the lowest AAM...
Effect of drying conditions and solvent type on the physicochemical composition of African breadfruit (Treculia africana)
June 2014
The effects of drying conditions (sun and oven drying) and solvent type (petroleum ether, acetone and hexane) on the physiochemical, proximate and multivitamin composition of Treculia africana were investigated. Breadfruit samples were collected from Ogwu area of Enugu State, processed and subjected to physiochemical, proximate and multivitamin screening using standard methods of analysis. Percentage yields of...
Retention of nutrients of pearl millet using conventional and solar cooking
May 2014
Comparative estimation of nutrients of pearl millet was studied by adopting two methods of cooking, that is, conventional cooking on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stoves and solar cooking. Starch, total soluble carbohydrate, protein, calcium and iron were determined for raw, conventional and solar cooked pearl millet. It was found that retention of starch was 98.58% for solar cooked and 74.51% for conventional cooked...
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