Antibiotic resistant phenotypes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from fresh and fermented milk in parts of Nasarawa State, Nigeria
August 2019
This work was aimed at determining the occurrence and antibiogram of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from fresh and fermented milk samples in parts of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A total of 180 samples comprising of fresh raw milk, bulk milk, nono, and kindirmo were collected over a period of 6 months (May to October, 2017). Standard microbiological procedures were employed in the isolation, identification,...
Chemical analysis of the biomass of a native strain of Spirulina subsalsa Oersted ex Gomont 1892 (Spirulinaceae) cultivated in low-cost saline medium
August 2019
Spirulina subsalsa, a filamentous cyanobacterium, was first described by Gomont in 1892. This microorganism has been subject to biotechnological evaluations, due to their high content of proteins and pigments. The objective of this study was to analyze the biochemical composition of the biomass of a native strain of S. subsalsa cultivated in low-cost saline medium and harvested in the exponential and stationary phases...
Extended spectrum beta-lactamase production and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance among lactose non-fermenting nterobacteriaceae isolated from poultry sources in Calabar, Nigeria
July 2019
This study investigated the co-carriage of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing lactose non-fermenting (LNF) Enterobacteriaceae isolated from poultry birds. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out between September, 2016 and March, 2017. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns....
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. in the nasal cavity of dental surgeon’s professors
July 2019
The aim of the study is to investigate the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. nasal colonization among dental surgeon professors. Dental surgeon professors of a Higher Education Institution (HEI) responded to a questionnaire covering sociodemographic, employment and behavioral data, and were subjected to clinical specimen collection by nasal swab. Identification and susceptibility testing of bacteria were...
Detection of mutations in ampC promoter/attenuator gene in Escherichia coli from dairy cows in Rio de Janeiro and Mato Grosso, Brazil
July 2019
Escherichia coli present the ampC naturally, and the observation of phenotypical resistance to cefoxitin is related to this gene deregulation. Mutations in the regulatory region in ampC cause exaggerated expression. The most frequent alterations in the E. coli AmpC promoter/attenuator leading to this overexpression is described at the positions: -88, -82, -42, -18, -1 and +58. Mastitis studies were carried in Rio de...
Detection of tetracycline resistant E. coli and Salmonella spp. in sewage, river, pond and swimming pool in Mymensingh, Bangladesh
July 2019
Antibiotic resistant bacteria and resistance genes in the environment are major health problem globally. The present study was undertaken to detect antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in sewage, river, pond and swimming pool. Emphasis was given on tetracycline resistant phenotype and genotype, since, tetracycline is a widely used antibiotics. Isolation and identification of antibiotic resistant E....
Microbial community structure in confluence region of Huang, Wei and Luo rivers in Guanzhong plain in central China
June 2019
To investigating microbial abundance and community in confluence region of Huang, Wei and Luo rivers in Guanzhong plain in central China, plates culture were used to visualize quantity of soil microorganism colony, polymerase chain reaction and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) were used to detect microorganism abundance and community. The results show that microorganism reduce in winter with the...
Shiga toxigenic, enteroinvasive and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in fish from experimental fish farm (Layo), Côte d’Ivoire
June 2019
The objective of this study was to know the sanitary quality of fish coming from Layo farm. Twenty fishes (Oreochromis niloticus), were selected in four ponds and Escherichia coli were isolated in gills and viscera according to microbiological methods. One hundred and twenty strains of E. coli were isolated, and their virulence was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. Eleven (11) strains...
Comparative in vitro antimicrobial effect of Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E. A. Bruce leaves and roots on foodborne pathogens
June 2019
Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E. A. Bruce is a plant used traditionally to treat a wide range of infectious diseases, including foodborne ones. This study aimed to compare its roots and leaves extract antibacterial effects in vitro. Thus, these organs were collected, dried and powdered for the extractions and phytochemical screening. Four extracts (water, ethyl-acetate, methanol and ethanol) were tested on ten...
Antibacterial, muscle relaxant, and hypnotic effects of seeds of Peganum harmala on mice
June 2019
Peganum harmala seed extract has been frequently reported to possess antibacterial potential through in vivo studies. P. harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae) is one of the most famous medicinal plants used in traditional medicine of Iraq. The harmaline, harmalol and harmine exerted many pharmacodynemic effects on the central nervous system: stimulation and depression depending on the dose. P. harmala indicates a great variety of...
Airborne bacterial diversity and antibiotic resistance patterns in operating theatre and paediatric wards in Botswana hospitals
June 2019
There is presently no information on the occurrence, abundance and diversity of airborne bacteria in Botswana hospitals. There is also growing concern in the global spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria that continue to emerge and pose serious challenge to human health. This study was aimed at determining the occurrence, relative abundance and diversity of airborne bacterial species and their antibiotic resistance...
Antifungal susceptibility pattern and identification of Candida species in women of child-bearing age suffering from malaria, typhoid and diabetes in Nsukka, Nigeria
May 2019
Candidiasis in women of child-bearing age is a major problem in most hospitals in Nigeria. High vaginal swabs were analyzed for Candida presence in women of child bearing age using Chromogenic agar. Isolated Candida spp. were analyzed phylogenetically to trace their evolutionary relatedness. Growth rate assay was done using Sabouruand and Dextrose medium supplemented with NaCl and glucose. The resistance pattern of the...
Parents’ knowledge and attitude toward antibiotic misuse in children with upper respiratory tract infections in the Western region of Saudi Arabia
May 2019
Misuse of antibiotics in children is a major public health problem which may lead to increase antibiotic resistance in paediatric population. This study aims to evaluate parents’ knowledge and attitude toward antibiotic use in children with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted using self-administered questionnaire on parents of...
Evaluation of brewing potentials of grains, malts and worts of some sweet sorghum and sorghum varieties
May 2019
Little or no attention has so far been paid to using sweet sorghum malt for commercial beer brewing. Thus, three sweet sorghum varieties (SSV) and four sorghum varieties (SV) were analyzed for brewing quality. Variations were observed in their thousand grain weights (22.8 to 58.7 g), grain moisture contents (12.5 to 20.5%), germination energies (99.0 to 100%) and germination capacities (99.7 to 100%). After 4-day...
Evaluation of commercial rapid test kits to determine the effective diagnostic method for dengue in a low resource setting
May 2019
Conventional commercially available rapid immuno-chromatographic tests (ICTs) or diagnostic kits were evaluated for their sensitivity, specificity, cost and turnaround time (TAT) results with Dengue IgM/IgG capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) as the standard test, in blood samples from a cross-section of individuals with clinical features suggestive of dengue fever attending health care facilities in the...
Occurrence of Cucumber mosaic virus subgroup IA and IB isolates in pepper in Nigeria
May 2019
This study characterized Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infecting pepper in Southwestern Nigeria with the aim of providing up-to-date information on the taxonomic subgroup(s) of the parading strains in the study area. Fifty pepper leaf samples with one or more symptoms of mottling, mosaic, necrosis, leaf distortion and stunting were collected from eight commercial farms across Southwestern Nigeria and screened for CMV...
Anti-quorum quenching activity of methyl gallate isolated from galls of Guiera senegalensis J. F. Gmel (Combretaceae)
April 2019
Many pathogenic bacteria produce virulence factors controlled by a mechanism of regulation named quorum sensing (QS). Inhibition of bacterial QS system is a more recent therapeutic approach to counterbalance the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria. This study aimed to assess the abilities of methanol extract from Guiera senegalensis galls and its isolated compound methyl gallate to quench the quorum sensing...
Isolation and antibiotic resistance profiles of bacteria from influent, effluent and downstream: A study in Botswana
April 2019
Antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been globally considered environmental contaminants that pose a serious problem to the health of humans, animals and the ecosystem. The primary objective of the study was to characterize the antibiotic resistance phenotypes and genotypes of bacterial isolates from Gaborone wastewater treatment plant (GWWTP) and the downstream environment...
Studies on the physicochemical and bacteriological properties of some semi-public Swimming pools in Makurdi, Nigeria
April 2019
Recreational waters are routes of transmission for most water-related illnesses. In this study, the water quality of five selected swimming pools (SP) was examined after disinfection prior to bathing and after bathing by swimmers. SP sampling was carried out weekly for 4 weeks between August and September in Makurdi, Nigeria. Bacterial loads and physicochemical parameters were determined using standard and standard...
Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from human dental infection
April 2019
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen causing dental infection and systemic infections in human body. This organism decreases susceptibility to several types of antibiotics every day and becomes more resistant which is a growing sense of concern in this era. Considering this fact, the study was attempted to characterize the S. aureus from human dental infection and to determine the antibiogram profile of...
Abilities of Achyla orion and Allomyces anomalus to degrade petroleum and petroleum products as sole carbon sources
April 2019
Abilities of Achyla orion and Allomyces anomalus isolated from some crude oil polluted aquatic environments in Nigeria to biodegrade petroleum and petroleum products were determined. Baiting method using hemp and sesame seeds was used to isolate the two species of aquatic phycomycetes. The species were grown in liquid broth culture made of minimal mineral salts supplemented separately with petrol, diesel and...
Effects of inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria to minimize panicle grain shattering habit for increased yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
April 2019
Locally isolated Bacillus subtilis (UPMB10) as nitrogen fixer and B. pumillus (GM118) as phosphate solubilizer act as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The objective of this study is to determine the response of single and co-inoculation of these PGPR on the panicle breaking strength to minimize panicle grain shattering to increase rice yield. The ability to fix nitrogen and solubilize phosphate,...
Purification and characterisation of a novel broad spectrum anti-tumor L-glutaminase enzyme from marine Bacillus subtilis strain JK-79
March 2019
L-glutaminase is a therapeutic enzyme used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In this study, the extracellular L-glutaminase produced by Bacillus subtilis strain JK-79 was purified to homogeneity. The purified L-glutaminase has specific activity of 937 U mg−1 with KM and VMax value of 8 × 10-2 mM and 200 µM/ml min, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel...
Hepatitis C virus infection in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus in Cotonou, Benin
March 2019
Screening of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by molecular test is not routinely performed for the care of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients in most countries of Sub-Saharan Africa such as Benin. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of HCV infection in patients infected with HIV in Cotonou. This study was conducted from February to June 2017 on HIV infected patients from the National...
Detection of pathogenic bacteria and fungi on biometric surface of Automated Teller Machines located in Brazilian public hospital
March 2019
The Automated Teller Machine (ATM) is used by millions of people as an alternative to gain time instead of using traditional banking systems in Brazil and ATMs are frequently localized in São Paulo city around the hospitals. However, ATMs might be potential devices for microbial accumulation and transmission in the community. The objective of the present study was to evaluate forty-two ATMs, in two hospital areas...
The prevalence of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance among the Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates at Federal Medical Centre Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
March 2019
Tuberculosis (TB) has become a global health challenge; it is a serious problem in sub-Saharan Africa, where rates of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) co-infection and drug resistance are high. The prevalence and rifampicin (RIF) resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) among patients attending Federal Medical Centre Makurdi, Benue State was investigated. Sputum samples collected from 200 patients were tested...
Effectiveness of commonly used antiseptics on bacteria causing nosocomial infections in tertiary hospital in Malaysia
March 2019
The antimicrobial inhibitory effects of five common antiseptics [Chlorhexidine (CHX), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Iodine, Ethanol and Dettol] were investigated using agar well diffusion method. The organisms used included methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The undiluted concentrations of the antiseptics showed...
In vivo safety and hypolipidemic effect of Bifidobacterium adolenscentis CH2 in female albino rats
March 2019
This paper studied the safety and physiological effect of acute intake of Bifidobacterium adolescentis CH2 in albino rats using yogurt as a carrier. Thirty-six female albino rats were divided into three groups: control group received standard diet and water daily; yogurt group received standard diet, water, and 0.5 ml yogurt; B. adolenscentis-yogurt (probiotic yogurt) group received standard diet, water, and 0.5 ml B....
Survey of bacterial contamination and antibiotic resistance pattern of Bangladeshi paper currency notes in Mymensingh city
March 2019
Paper currency notes, which are transferred from one individual to another, are known to carry microorganisms on their surface. As people have to exchange currencies repeatedly to buy goods and services in their everyday life, risk of spreading infectious diseases may be enhanced. Thus, it is important to identify the bacteria associated with currency and evaluate their multidrug resistance pattern. Consequently, the...
Utility of molecular diagnostic method compared with conventional methods in detection of etiologic agents of central nervous system infections in Rwanda
March 2019
The incidence of meningoencephalitis in developing countries is high and its diagnosis being inadequate as it is mainly based on conventional methods with a limited diagnostic capacity for bacterial, fungal and viral detection. This results in prescription of a cocktail of antibiotics, antifungal, or anti-viral drugs, since the causative agent is often unknown. There is therefore need for timely and appropriate...
Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) biofilm formation on eugenol-impregnated surgical sutures
March 2019
The use of bioactive compounds as anti-infective coating on biomaterial surfaces has been studied as a tool against microbial adhesion and the establishment of biofilms. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of eugenol, specifically the ability to interact with cotton suture threads for preventing adhesion and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175). The minimum inhibitory...
First report of the types TEM, CTX-M, SHV and OXA-48 of beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli, from Brazzaville, Congo
February 2019
The objective of this study was to evaluate the emergence of beta-lactam resistance related to extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) encoding genes (TEM, SHV, CTX-M-1 and OXA-48) in Escherichia coli from Brazzaville. In the period between January 2016 and May 2017, 89 strains in E. coli were isolated from hospitalized patients, outpatients and domestic sewage. The E. coli strains were identified by the API 20E system....
Antibiotic resistance in Saudi Arabia and some Middle Eastern countries: Current status
February 2019
Antibiotic resistance has become a major threat to human health worldwide, especially for serious infections, leaving limited choices for antimicrobials to be used. The World Health Organization (WHO) launched several strategies to control the spread of this resistance. However, in the Middle East the problem can become worse if these strategies are not applied due to the geographical location between developed and...
Microbial quality of Nile perch (Lates niloticus) and physico-chemical properties of salted sun-dried products sold at regional markets, Tanzania
February 2019
This study was conducted to investigate the microbial and physico-chemical qualities of salted sun-dried Nile perch (Lates niloticus) products and frozen fish from various storage facilities in Mwanza, Tanzania. The bacterial flora, moisture contents (MCs), and water activity (Aw) were investigated using standard methods. A total of 120 samples were collected for microbiological analysis with 90 of the samples...
Isolation and identification of bacteria from high-temperature compost at temperatures exceeding 90°C
February 2019
Conventional composts exhibit temperatures ranging from 50 to 80°C during organic waste degradation by microorganisms. In high-temperature compost, temperatures can reach ≥90°C with appropriate bottom aeration. To elucidate specific characteristics of the bacterial activity in high-temperature compost and to regenerate a high-temperature compost from isolates, bacterial isolation and characterization were...
Microbial contamination of cell phones of nursing department students in Technical Institute of Baqubah, Iraq
February 2019
This study was aimed to investigate microbiological colonization of cell phones used by nursing students of Baqubah Technical Institute, from June to August 2018. In 150 randomly collected cell phones, 133 bacterial and 74 fungal species were isolated using sterile swabs from cell phones surface. The microbe were identified using conventional methods, bacterial species isolated were: Staphylococcus aureus (48%),...
Biosynthesis of cadmium selenide quantum dots by Providencia vermicola
February 2019
Cadmium selenide quantum dots (CdSe QDs) were synthesized by using Providencia vermicola BGRW, which has discriminatory ability to resist many metals such as Selenium, Cadmium, Silver, Zinc, Copper, Lead, Nickel, Cobalt and Bismuth metals. BGRW was able to grow in the presence of 6 mM of CdCl2. The best conditions for extra/intracellular CdSe QDs synthesis were 0.1 mM SeO2: 0.9 mM CdCl2, 37°C, pH 9 within 24 h. The...
A comparative study on antibacterial effects of Hagenia abyssinica oil extracted from different parts of the plant using different solvents against two selected and standardized human pathogens
February 2019
Hagenia abyssinica is an important medicinal plant that the traditional society relied on for generations as a traditional medicine for various types of worm infections. The tree is a multipurpose dioecious tree and can grow up to 20 m in length. This research work is designed to investigate the antibacterial activity of H. abyssinica oils extracted using three different kinds of solvent and from three...
Influence of aqueous extracts of black angico on Pratylenchus brachyurus in cotton plants
February 2019
The root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus brachyurus) is one of the main phytosanitary problems of cotton plants in Brazil. Searching for alternatives that minimize the damages in the crop, several methods are performed aiming to manage these damages. Among them, is the use of vegetal extracts. In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of black angico extract (Anadenanthera macrocarpa) in the...
Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacteria spp having antibacterial and antiviral effects on chronic HCV infection
February 2019
Hepatitis C virus is a serious hepatic disease that could be developed into hepatocellular carcinoma. Previously, some probiotic strains showed a natural therapeutic activity against the fatty liver disorder. Therefore, it could make sense to evaluate the antiviral and antibacterial responses to probiotics as Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacteria spp. in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus. Twenty (20)...
Molecular characterization of silver resistant E. coli strains isolated from patients suffering from diarrhea
February 2019
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered a good alternative for antibiotics due to emerging Multidrug Resistance (MDR) crisis. Resistance to AgNPs is approximately limited among Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Low toxicity to human cells permits its safe use as a new antimicrobial with broad spectrum. Bacterial cells are used as a factory for AgNPs synthesis supplying a powerful antimicrobial with...
Antibacterial activities of aqueous and methanol leaf extracts of Solanum incanum Linn. (Solanaceae) against multi-drug resistant bacterial isolates
January 2019
It is estimated that about 80% of the world’s population use medicinal plants either in their crude unmodified form or partially in their modified semi-synthetic form for their medical care. The present study investigated the antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanol leaf extracts of Solanum incanum Linn. (Solanaceae) against multiple drug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates (Streptococcus pyogenes,...
Multiplex RT-PCR identification of five viruses associated with the watermelon crops in the Brazilian Cerrado
January 2019
Watermelon plants can be naturally infected by several viruses in single or mixed infections, of which the diagnosis is difficult and require specific techniques. This study aims to detect and to verify the presence of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Papaya ringspot virus type W (PRSV-W), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), Zucchini lethal chlorosis virus (ZLCV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), and the main cucurbit...
Evaluation of bacterial culture and their resistant pattern in pus containing patients of different wards of the hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
January 2019
In health care delivery worldwide, infections acquired in health care setting are the most challenging factors. Infections due to antibiotic resistant bacteria have increased day by day in both developed and developing countries. This study is performed to screen the bacterial pathogens present in pus samples taken from patients of different wards of hospital. Isolation of bacteria was determined by standard microbial...
In vitro activities of aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extracts of Ocimum gratissimum on Escherichia coli ESBL, Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
January 2019
The misuse of antibiotics plays a role in increasing of antimicrobial resistance. The plants, of traditional use, then become an alternative solution to deal with this public health issue. Ocimum gratissimum L. is a widely used plant in Togo for several diseases. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the hydro-ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves of this plant, by measuring the...
Effects of Lactobacillus spp. isolated from the sap of palm tree Elaeis guineensis (palm wine) on cellular and innate immunity
January 2019
The isolation, characterization and effects of lactobacillus spp. from fresh palm wine was undertaken in this study. The aim of this study was to isolate and investigate the in vivo effects of the isolates on innate and cellular immune system. The result of the phenotypic and genotypic characterizations showed the presence of Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. Tolerans, Lactobacillus paracasei and...
Identification of fliC and flagella expression in Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar gallinarum
January 2019
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. Gallinarum biovar. gallinarum (S. gallinarum) is the causative agent of fowl Typhoid, a bacterial disease that affects domestic and wild birds. For many years, S. gallinarum was defined as an aflagellated bacterium, that is, non-motile. However, the closely related strain Salmonella pullorum is capable of expressing a flagellum-like filament. Since these bacteria are practically...
In vitro antibacterial activity of Rumex nervosus and Clematis simensis plants against some bacterial human pathogens
January 2019
Due to quick growth of resistance and high cost of new generation antibiotics, lots of efforts were made to discover new antimicrobial agents from various sources. So, current study was assessed antibacterial activity of ethanol, methanol, acetone, diethyl ether and hexane leave extracts of Rumex nervosus and Clematis simensis by used paper disc diffusion and broth dilution procedures against six human pathogenic...
Evaluation of starter culture fermented sweet potato flour using FTIR spectra and GCMS Chromatogram
January 2019
Starch is the major component of cereal grains and starchy foods, and changes in its biophysical and biochemical properties (such as, amylose, amylopectin, pasting, gelatinization, viscosity) will have a direct effect on its end use properties (such as, bread, malt, polymers). Lactobacillus brevis and Debaromyces polymorphous earlier obtained from fermented sweet poatao broth were used to ferment sweet potato and...
Study on bovine mastitis with isolation of bacterial and fungal causal agents and assessing antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolated Staphylococcus species in and around Sebeta town, Ethiopia
January 2019
A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to May 2017 in and around Sebeta town with the aim of assessing the prevalence of mastitis, isolation of aerobic bacterial and fungal causal agents and assessing antimicrobial resistance pattern of isolated Staphylococcus species in dairy cows. From a total of 383 dairy cows, 220 (57.4%) were found to be positive for mastitis of which 10.4% were affected by...
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