Protocol optimization for in vitro propagation of Kulfo, orange flesh sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) variety using shoot tip culture
October 2020
Conventional propagation methods of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. var Kulfo) through stem cutting require large amount of propagules and large space for preparation. It has high risk of disease transmission to the next generation. In vitro propagation is the best alternative to overcome such limitations. This study was conducted to optimize protocol for in vitro propagation of Kulfo sweet potato variety using...
Allelopathic effect of extracts from selected weeds on germination and seedling growth of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) varieties
September 2020
Chromolaena odorata, Euphorbia heterophylla and Tridax procumbens are common weeds that are prevalent in cowpea fields. The physiological influence of three dilution concentrations of the aqueous root and shoot extracts of the weeds were examined on seed germination, plumule length, radicle length, fresh and dry weights of plumule and radicle of two varieties of cowpea in the laboratory. The experiment was laid out in a...
A review of plant characterization: First step towards sustainable forage production in challenging environments
September 2020
This review paper attempts to give account of how plant characterization assists the availability of information on desirable plant traits, to enhance selective breeding for environmental stresses and thus attain sustainable forage production. Plant characterization is referred to as an account for heritable characters varying from agronomical, morphological to molecular markers. It simplifies grouping of...
Biplot analysis of test environments of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in Burkina Faso
September 2020
The identification of stable and adaptable high yielding quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and, highly discriminative environments are worthwhile for a successful introduction and adoption of this crop in Burkina Faso. The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship among test environments, to identify the most discriminative and representative test environment(s), and to identify high yielding and...
Gene action, combining ability and heterotic performance of Ethiopian Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) lines under moisture stress areas in Ethiopia
September 2020
For sorghum hybrid development, assessment of parental lines is a pre-requisite. However, information on heterotic performance and combing ability of Ethiopian elite sorghum lines is inadequate. ANOVA revealed mean squares had signifying substantial amount of variability amongst genotypes for most traits. Males 72, 81 and 99 were the best performing parents for yield and related traits. Hybrids, 106 x 94, 106 x 90, 106...
Analysis of combined strategies for the management of Asian soybean rust
August 2020
Asian soybean rust, if not well managed, can reduce grain yield up to 90%. Due to the severe damage caused by the disease, especially in Brazil, it is important to evaluate management strategies combined with fungicides, to minimize the losses. The aim of the work was to evaluate the effect of adopting different combined management strategies on the severity of soybean rust and its impact on the performance of the crop....
Races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Briosi & Cavara in major bean growing regions in Tanzania
August 2020
Breeding for resistant varieties has been shown to be the most suitable method to control bean anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum though the method is challenged by the existence of many races of the pathogen. This work focused on characterizing races of C. lindemuthianum from potential bean agro ecological zones of Tanzania using a set of differential bean cultivars. From 144 anthracnose infected bean...
The in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental findings of Nephrolepis exaltata
August 2020
Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott decreases the heartbeats of cockroaches and it was postulated that the plant could be an anticholinesterase agent and could have effects. It was performed: (a) In vitro: hydroalcoholic extract of N. exaltata was pharmacognostically characterized, the cholinesterase activity determined with 1.0 and 3.0 mg/ml, comparing to positive control and negative control, and the preliminary toxicity...
Distribution and ecological drivers of family celastraceae in Côte D’ivoire
August 2020
Most studies on drivers of plant diversity and distribution have focused on trees and combine several plant families. Climbers which are part of the particular characteristics of tropical rainforests due to their richness and abundance have been rarely related to ecological factors. This study evaluates the importance of vegetation type and total annual rainfall on the distribution of the Celastraceae plant family which...
Biochar as an alternative growth medium for tree seedlings in the Guinea Savanna Zone of Ghana
July 2020
A good planting medium is required for raising tree seedlings in the nursery, however Guinea savanna soils are generally poor in nitrogen and organic matter. This poses a challenge in accessing fertile soil for tree nurseries in Northern Ghana. The experiment was conducted in the Nyankpala campus to explore the potential of plant biochar as growth media for raising tree seedlings. Growth media prepared from six...
Lead-induced changes in germination behavior, growth and inhibition of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in Raphanus sativus L.
July 2020
The seed germination test under lead (Pb) stress could be a quick test to understand plant tolerance to this heavy metal. The aim of this study was to compare the germination behavior of Raphanus sativus L. germinated in solution with different increasing concentration of lead, also to assess its accumulation and toxicity. The test was carried out in an incubator at 25 ± 1°C for 7 days and in a greenhouse for...
Effects of sowing depth on seed germination and seedling growth of Aframomum citratum (Pereira) K. Schum
July 2020
Series of investigations have been carried out on the effect of sowing depths on seed germination and early seedlings growth of Aframomum citratum and has shown that sowing depth influences germination and early growth of most plant species. Thus, the importance of varying planting depths has received much attention from researchers for some time now. The depths studied in this research were 0, 3 and 6 cm, respectively....
Morphological and molecular characterization of cultivated yam (Dioscorea species) in selected counties in Kenya
July 2020
This study was conducted to characterize Dioscorea spp. in Kenya using morphological and molecular characteristics. Data on 22 morphological traits were subjected to cluster analysis and multivariate analysis using principal component (PCA). The dendrogram of cluster analysis revealed three main groups: Species distribution based on PC-1 and PC-2 showed the distantly related species in each quarter; D. alata L. (1st...
Evaluating the incidence and severity of rice yellow mottle virus and maize streak virus on rice (Oryza sativa L.) and associated insects in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
July 2020
Rice is an important staple food in Nigeria, affected by several diseases especially viruses. This study was carried out to evaluate the incidence and severity of two important viruses on rice plants and to identify associated insects in the Federal Capital Territory (F.C.T), Abuja in 2019. Field experiment was carried out from June to October, 2019 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture,...
Sensor based validation of nitrogen fertilizer for quality protein maize variety using a handheld normalized difference vegetative index sensor at Bako, Western Ethiopia
July 2020
Regardless of the huge yield potential and area under maize production, its current productivity in Ethiopia is by far below its potential. Declining of soil fertility and poor nutrient management is among the major factors limiting the productivity of the crop. As a result, an experiment was conducted at Bako, Ethiopia in 2016 to validate the N application and determine the best rate for side dressing using handheld...
Seasonal variation and modeling of leaf area growth in Jatropha curcas L. plants: Implication for understanding the species adaptation in the Sahel of Niger
June 2020
Jatropha curcas is a tree species introduced in Niger as a trial experiment to offset land degradation and for biofuel production. The objective of this study is to contribute to the understanding of this species’ potential for adaptation under the edaphic and climatic conditions of Niger through analysis and modeling of the leaf area dynamics. The nondestructive method is used to evaluate the leaf area growth...
The major factors influencing coffee quality in Ethiopia: The case of wild Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) from its natural habitat of southwest and southeast afromontane rainforests
June 2020
Coffee quality is a complex trait involving sensory and bean characteristics as well as biochemical contents. The objective of this study was to assess the major factors influencing the quality of wild Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in the natural coffee forests of southwest and southeast Ethiopia. Results revealed that both natural (soil, aspect, elevation, climate, geographic location) and human factors (cherry...
Combining ability of maize inbred lines (Zea mays L.) for yields in mid altitude sub-humid Agroecology of Ethiopia
June 2020
Maize is an important staple food for most Ethiopians, but the national average productivity of maize is below that of the world. Development and cultivation of high yielding maize hybrids can improve maize productivity and production. Having information on combining ability and heterosis of maize inbred lines is important for the development of high yielding maize hybrids. The objectives of this study were to identify...
Antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from mangroves of Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka
June 2020
Mangroves are plant communities growing in the intertidal zone of tropical to subtropical coastal rivers. Some endophytic fungi which live in the tissues of mangrove plants produce some biologically active substances. By screening these biologically active substances some researchers have found that these substances have antimicrobial activity. This research is aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of endophytic...
Assessment of woody species diversity, key drivers of deforestation and community perception; the case of Hotessa Forest, Bensa Woreda, Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia
May 2020
In Ethiopia, deforestation is a major challenge which leads to increased human encroachment upon wild areas and threats to biodiversity. In line with this, the aim of the current study was to assess woody species diversity and threats in Hotessa forest. Systematic sampling method was used to collect vegetation data. Accordingly, 100 plots each with 400 m2 (20 m × 20 m) for...
Grain yield and protein content of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties as influenced by combined application of primary secondary and micronutrients under Nitisols
May 2020
Field experiment was conducted on Nitisols to evaluate the effects of combined application of primary, secondary and micronutrients on grain yield and protein content of upland rice varieties compared to the national recommendation. Factorial combination of five nutrient combinations (control, NP, NPK, NPKSZn and NPKSCaZn) and three upland rice varieties (Nechu Eruze, Superica-1 and NERICA-4) were laid out in a...
Standard heterosis and trait association of maize inbred lines using line x tester mating design in Ethiopia
May 2020
Maize is one of the high priority crops to feed the ever increasing population in Africa, however, its production limited by shortage of high yielding variety coupled with biotic and abiotic stresses. The study was initiated to evaluate the heterotic performances of the F1 hybrids over the standard checks (Kolba and Jibat). Fifty entries consists 48 F1 single crosses developed from 24 inbred lines and 2 testers using...
Occurrence, distribution and severity of finger millet blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae in Kenya
April 2020
Finger millet is a food crop that provides nutritional security and is climatically resilient for farming and agricultural diversification. However, its quality and yield remain low due to biotic and abiotic factors, the greatest of which is blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae. We surveyed the occurrence, distribution and severity of finger millet blast in five counties, namely, Busia, Bungoma, Kisii,...
Wild blackberry (Rubus spp.) differ in duration to reproductive phase under conventional production in Kenya
April 2020
The purpose of this study was to determine the duration from planting to reproductive phase, of wild blackberry (Rubus spp.) collected from the wild.It was carried out at the Horticulture Research and Teaching Farm, Egerton University, Njoro, Kenya. The experimental layout wasa randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times; treatment was four wild blackberry species and one cultivated cultivar. The days...
Effects of chemical fertilizer types and rates on tuber yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) at Assosa, Western Ethiopia
April 2020
Potato tuber yield and quality is constrained by a number of biotic and abiotic factors, among which low soil fertility is the prime one. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of chemical fertilizer types and rates on tuber yield and quality of potato at Assosa, Western Ethiopia. The treatments consisted of control, three rates of NP combinations (55 kg N and 45 kg P2O5, 110 kg N and 90 kg P2O5,...
Genetic divergence analyses of lowland rice genotypes in North Western Ethiopia
April 2020
Information on the nature and magnitude of genetic variability is one of the prerequisites for a successful breeding program in selecting genotypes with desirable characters. To estimate the level of genetic divergence of lowland rice genotypes, a field experiment was conducted using thirty-six genotypes during 2017 main cropping season. The experiment was laid out 6x6 simple lattice design. Analyses of variances showed...
Sorption characteristics, growth and yield response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to application of essential nutrients on nitisol and vertisol of Central Highland of Ethiopia
March 2020
Wheat growth and yield response were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment using two major soils, Nitosols and Vertisols. Sorption capacities of the soils and crop response were employed to determine the availability of nutrients in the two soils. Eight fertilizer treatments (Optimum (Opt.),Optimum-N, Optimum-P,Optimum-K,Optimum-S,Optimum-B,Optimum-Zn and control) in Nitosols and six fertilizer treatments (Optimum,...
Heterosis and combining ability of highland adapted maize (Zea mays. L) DH lines for desirable agronomic traits
March 2020
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the cereals that provide calorie requirements in the majority of Ethiopians diet. The national average maize yield in Ethiopia is low and thus knowledge of combining ability and heterosis is a prerequisite to develop high yielding maize varieties. The objective of the present study is to estimate combining abilities of double haploid (DH) maize inbred lines for grain yield and related...
The effects of gypsum on pod-yield and pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination in selected peanut cultivars of Zambia
March 2020
Good agricultural practices are an effective means of minimizing pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination in peanuts. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of gypsum on pod yield and aflatoxin contamination in three peanut cultivars (Kadononga, MGV 4 and MGV 5) in Zambia. The experiment was conducted in Chongwe and Lusaka districts. Gypsum (15.6 % calcium) was applied at rates of 0 and 400 kg/ha at...
Morphological traits associated with anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) resistance in selected common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes
February 2020
Common bean is among the most important legume crop for protein source in people’s diet globally and including Kenya. Anthracnose is a common disease of legumes that causes yield loss of up to 90-100%. The aim of the study is to investigate the morphological traits associated with anthracnose resistance in selected common bean genotypes in Kenya. The study was done in three varied agro-ecological zones; University...
Evaluation of the relative feed value of indigenous savanna forage shrub species in Ghana
February 2020
Animal performance mainly depends on the quantity and quality of forage available as feed and animal feed represents one of the major costs in animal production. This research was conducted in the Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment Experimental Field at University for Development Studies, Nyankpala Campus to evaluate the relative feed value of four indigenous savanna forage shrubs. These shrubs were cultivated...
Expression of Cocculus hirsutus trypsin inhibitor promotes endogenous defensive response against Helicoverpa armigera and enhanced levels of antioxidants
February 2020
Proteinase inhibitors are a group of defense related proteins, natural antagonists of proteinases, induced upon herbivory, play a defensive role against polyphagous insects and phytopathogens. Serine proteinase inhibitor isolated from Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels, Cocculus hirsutus trypsin inhibtor (ChTI) was found effective as antifungal, bactericidal and nematicidal agent. Tomato plants expressing ChTI have been...
Effects of severity of apical shoot harvest on growth and tuber yield of two sweet potatoes varieties
February 2020
Leaf harvesting of sweet potato during vegetative stage is common in most parts of Liberia. There is little information on the effects of severity of apical shoot harvesting on tuber yield of sweet potato. Experiments were conducted in 2017 at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta to determine the effects of severity of apical shoots harvest on growth and tuber yields. Experiment consisted of two varieties...
Modulation in growth and development of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) microtubers by different concentration of 6-benzyl aminopurine
February 2020
Two potato varieties namely, kufri bahar and kufri surya were tested for in vitro tuberization response to a same culture medium supplemented with three levels of 6-benzly aminopurine (0.75, 1.5 and 2.25 mg/L) in a completely randomized block design. The study was conducted in the Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI), Modipuram, Meerut Campus, and India during the period of 2012 to 2013 and 2013-2014. The objective...
Bioregulator and foliar calcium supplementation in soya (Glycine max L.)
January 2020
Flower and pod abortions in large quantities are commonly observed in soybean plants. In normal conditions of crop cultivation, flower abortion is commonly above 60%. Among the strategies that may promote great flower and pod set in soybean, there is the use of plant growth regulators and foliar applications of calcium. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of plant growth regulator and the...
Influence of soil conservation practices on soil moisture and maize crop (Zea mays L.) productivity in Centre Benin
January 2020
Soil quality constitutes a major factor for crops growth. This study aimed at determining the sustainable soil conservation practices that would increase maize growth as well as production and improve the soil moisture. Two experimental sites were chosen: Dan localized on Acrisol and Za- zounmè localized on ferralsol. Two cropping seasons were investigated: the long rain seasons of 2018 and 2019. The experimental...
Grain morphological characterization and protein content of sixty-eight local rice (Oryza sativa L) cultivars from Cameroon
January 2020
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivated in Cameroon is appreciated by consumers for its nutritive quality and good taste. Diversity of 68 local rice cultivars was investigated via grain morphology and protein content characterization. The size and shape of grains were determined and used with yield parameters to classify the cultivars and perform Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Total protein content and glutelin content...
Application technology of imidacloprid in wheat: Effects on Schizaphis graminum management and natural enemies
January 2020
Wheat production is dependent on costly insecticides that generate social and environmental issues. The growing demand for a rate reduction of spray applications and increased spray efficiency make essential the research for more adequate crop management. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate technologies of imidacloprid application on wheat aphid, Schizaphis graminum and its natural enemies, Chrysoperla externa and...
In vitro seed germination and seedling growth of the orchid Dendrobium primulinum Lindl.
December 2019
Dendrobium primulinum Lindl. (D. Primulinum L.) is one of the important epiphytic orchid species for horticultural and commercial use. It is listed as a rare and critically endangered species of orchid. The present study is intended to conserve the orchid species through the micropropagation technique. The in vitro seed germination and seedling growth was carried out by taking a mature pod of D. Primulinum L. in...
Morphological characterization of blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) genetic resources in Kenya
November 2019
The variation of morphological and physiological traits of blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) is vital for successful breeding of the fruit crop. The objective of this study was to characterize blackberry accessions in-situ using morphological descriptors in Kenya. Each blackberry accession was nested within its county of collection. A phylogenetic tree was then constructed using the Gower’s coefficient...
An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in chiro district, West Hararghe, Ethiopia
November 2019
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants is inadequate in Ethiopia in general, and in Chiro District in particular. Therefore, this study documents medicinal plant utilization, management and the threats encountered on them. The study was conducted from April 2017 to June 2018. Forty eight informants were purposively selected. Socio-economic and botanical data were gathered using group discussions, semi-structured...
Plant disease forecast and modern dynamism in black pod disease management in Nigeria
October 2019
Black pod disease (BPD) is reputed for its regular occurrence in Africa and around the world with high propensity for massive destruction of cocoa pods in the field and total yield loss per season if proper management strategies are not applied. This research was designed to provide useful and timely information on BPD outbreak, its intensity and specific areas expected to be massively affected by the disease in...
Effects of rooting media and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentration on rooting and shoot development of Duranta erecta tip cuttings
October 2019
Duranta erecta is popularly grown as an ornamental plant in tropical and semi-tropical gardens. Current demands for the shrub have prompted the need for effective propagation methods. In this study, the influence of indole-3butyric acid (IBA) hormone concentration and media on rooting of D. erecta propagated from tip cuttings under greenhouse conditions were investigated. IBA hormone was used in three concentrations...
Effects and economically feasible rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production for rainy season
October 2019
Potato is very important food and cash crop in Ethiopia. However, a factor like poor soil fertility is a critical challenge of its productivity. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are first and second essential macro-elements and are limiting nutrient in potato production. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to assess response of N and P fertilizers and select economically feasible fertilizer rate for a rainy...
Identification and control of post-harvest rot of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) in Hong, Adamawa State
September 2019
Pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo) are grown all around the world for a variety of reasons ranging from agricultural purposes to commercial and ornamental sales. The pathogens causing the rot of pumpkin in the world include fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Three hundred and sixty-six (366) fruits of pumpkins were studied in Pela, Gaya and Kulinyi districts of Hong Local Government Area of Adamawa State. The diseased samples...
Homegarden plants in Legambo District (Chiro Kebele) South Wollo, Ethiopia: Future implication for food security and rehabilitation program
September 2019
Homegarden is a traditional farming practice that consists of growing adaptable landraces and endangered species which have been conserved. Previously, status of the homegarden has not been studied. Therefore, this study provided information about homegarden species composition, status and value of species for future food and rehabilitation program. The study was conducted in Chiro kebele, South Wollo of Ethiopia during...
Impact of quarries emissions on the leaf morpho-anatomy of three olive (Olea europea L) cultivars grown in Palestine
September 2019
To investigate the effects of quarries emissions on the leaf morpho-anatomy of Romi, Nabali and K18 olive cultivars in Taffouh village (Palestine), one set of olive cultivars of two-years old was cultivated close to quarries while the control set was cultivated almost 4 km from quarries. The morphology of six month-old leaves was examined. Leaf segments were fixed in compound fixative of formaldehyde, acetic acid and...
Association and path coefficient analysis among grain yield and related traits in Ethiopian maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines
September 2019
Twenty four inbred lines developed by the Ethiopian National Maize Breeding Program were evaluated at Jimma Agricultural Research Center during the main season of the year 2016 in an 8 X 3 Alpha Lattice (0, 1) design with three replications. The objective was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic association among traits in Ethiopian maize inbred lines and to compare the direct and indirect effects of traits on...
Correlation and path analysis of yield, yield contributing and malt quality traits of Ethiopian sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes
August 2019
Sorghum is a drought tolerant C4 tropical crop with wide diversity grown for food, feed and beverages. There is a growing demand for food and malt type sorghum varieties due to the low supply of mat barley, and climate resilient and gluten free nature of the crop. This study was initiated to estimate the associations among traits and the relative importance of traits in influencing grain yield and malting quality of...
Evaluation of sowing date and fertilization with nitrogen in maize cultivars in rainy conditions in Zambia
August 2019
A study was conducted at the Zambia Agriculture Research Institute (ZARI), Central Research Station, Mount Makulu (latitude: 15.550° S, longitude: 28.250° E, altitude: 1213 m), Zambia to investigate the effects of sowing date (SD), maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars and 3 N fertilizer rates on yield and yield components. Maize cultivars were planted on 12th December, 2016 (SD1), 26th December, 2016 (SD2) and 9th...
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