September 2018
Integrated management of Aspergillus species and aflatoxin production in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) through application of farm yard manure and seed treatments with fungicides and Trichoderma species
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important cash crop in the lowland areas of Ethiopia. However, prevalence of Aspergillus invasions and subsequent aflatoxin contamination compromises the quality of groundnut kernels. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of farm yard manure (FYM) and seed treatments against Aspergillus species pod colonization and aflatoxin accumulation under field conditions. The...
September 2018
Physiological characterization of NADP-malic enzyme activity under 2,4-D toxicity in an aquatic fern, Azolla pinnata R.Br.
This work proposes NADP-ME activity as bio-indices for herbicidal sensitivity in Azolla pinnata R.Br. under 2,4-D toxicity. Azolla fronds were illuminated under saturated photosynthetic flux and bicarbonate induction. There was significant variation in the NADP-ME activity under light and dark conditions. This increased more when varying concentrations of 2,4-D were used for the up regulation of enzyme activity...
September 2018
Effects of seedling age and rates of phosphorus fertilizer on growth and yield performance of onion (Allium cepa L.) under irrigation at Alage, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
Onion is an important cultivated crop as a condiment as well as a source of income for many farmers in Ethiopia. However, the productivity of the crop is much lower due to different problems. A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of seedling age and phosphorus rate on growth and yield performance of onion at Alage, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia, during 2016/2017 season. The treatments comprised...
September 2018
Genotype and genotype by environment interaction and grain yield stability of medium maturity groups of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] varieties in Western Oromia, Ethiopia
The objectives of this study were to identify high yielding and stable medium maturity soybean varieties across environment and examine the influence of genotype × environment interaction (GEI) on grain yield of soybean varieties in western Oromia. Seven early soybean varieties were evaluated at five locations (Bako, Gute, Billo, Chewaka and Uke) using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three...
August 2018
Comparative study of yield performance and nutrient composition of the edible mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius, cultivated on different substrates
Sawdust from four types of woods (Milicia excelsa, Gmelina arborea, Afzelia africana and Khaya senegalensis) was used for cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius. Growth and yield of fruiting bodies were monitored and biological efficiency (BE) determined. Proximate composition of fruiting bodies was determined; total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the extract from the mushrooms were...
August 2018
Evaluation of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties for yield and reaction to chocolate spot disease at Chencha, Southern Ethiopia
Field experiment was conducted at Chencha Woreda with the objective of evaluating faba bean varieties for better yield and chocolate spot disease resistance during 2015 main cropping season. Ten improved faba bean varieties and two local controls were evaluated in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Field performances of varieties were evaluated for grain yield and yield parameters on...
August 2018
Response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties to rates of blended NPS fertilizer in Adola district, Southern Ethiopia
Common bean is one of the most economically important pulse crops cultivated in Ethiopia. However, its average yield reported at national level remains far below the potential yield to be attained. This is partly due to low soil fertility management, inappropriate agronomic packages and diseases and pest problems. Hence, this experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of blended NPS rates on growth, yield and...
August 2018
Protocol optimization for in vitro propagation of two Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties through lateral bud culture
Potato is a versatile vegetable that is eaten all around the year. The objective of this study was to establish a protocol for in vitro micropropagation of Gudene and Belete popular varieties in Ethiopia from lateral bud explants. For shoot induction and multiplication, lateral bud explants were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with different concentration levels of PGRS. Rooting was done on the same media type...
August 2018
Study on suitability of locally available substrates for cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in Jimma zone, Oromia regional state, southwestern Ethiopia
A mushroom is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above the ground on soil. The nutritional value of mushrooms is greater than one may think. Generally, it is a nature's hidden treasures of nutrition. The aim of this study was to access the suitability of available agro wastes of some lignocelluloses materials containing five different types of main substrates namely, sawdust...
July 2018
Attenuation effect of plant canopy sizes on microclimate in urban greenspaces within Nairobi City, Kenya
Diversity of plant species could have a different influence on urban microclimate and thermal comfort. However, the magnitude of different plant species to ameliorate urban microclimate by cooling the urban microclimate and improving thermal comfort based on their allometric properties at any particular time of the day is unknown for urban environments. This paper presents the result of a study conducted in Kenya to...
July 2018
Effect of substrate media on growth, yield and nutritional composition of domestically grown oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)
The effect of substrate (medium) on growth, yield and nutritional composition of domestically-grown oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) was investigated. Six different substrates namely sawdust only (SDO), sawdust + corn waste + CaCO3 (SDW), sawdust + rice bran + CaCO3 (SDR), sawdust + banana leaves (SBL), sawdust + cassava peel (SDC) and cassava peel only (CPO) were used. The substrates were pasteurized with...
June 2018
Biological effect of gamma irradiation on vegetative propagation of Coffea arabica L
Coffee is the second most valuable commodity exported by developing countries, and supports the livelihood of more than 75 million people. There are limitations to preference for established cultivars due to the autogamous nature of the crop thereby making improvements via conventional breeding of many years to produce a new cultivar difficult. Mutation breeding can overcome these obstacles. One of the first steps in...
May 2018
Evaluation of chemical, botanical and cultural management options of termite in Tanqua Abergelle district, Ethiopia
The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of botanical, chemical and cultural methods on the management of termite in seedling beds of hot pepper in Tanqua Abergelle district of Sheka Tekli during 2015-2016. The experiment comprised of treatments including Neem Leaf extract, wood ash, Dursban and control and each treatment was applied at 40 kg ha-1, 10000 kg ha-1, and 0.5 L ha-1 respectively. The experiment was...
May 2018
Response of onion (Allium cepa l.) to deficit irrigation under different furrow irrigation water management techniques in Raya Valley, Northern Ethiopia
Scarcity of water is the most severe constraint for development of agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas. Under this condition, the need to use the available water economically and efficiently is unquestionable. Based on the actual crop need, irrigation management has to be improved so that the water supply to the crop can be reduced while still achieving high yield. A field experiment was carried out at Mehoni...
May 2018
Comparative effects of newly introduced and adopted chemical N and P fertilizers on wheat growth, yield and yield components
Soil fertility decline is one of the prime factors contributing to low productivity of crops and food insecurity in Ethiopia. To alleviate this problem and achieve maximum yield, identifying suitable agronomic inputs such as N and P types in wheat production systems is very important. The aim of this study was therefore, to estimate the effects of different N and P fertilizer types and rates on growth, yield and yield...
April 2018
Current outlook and future promise of ethnobotany in Nigeria: A review and personal observation
This paper reviews the current state and future prospects of ethnobotany in Nigeria. A brief historical background is presented. Books and journals indexed by Scopus and Science Direct were reviewed. Direct search was also made on the official websites of journals specializing in ethnobotany and allied disciplines. The field of ethnobotany manifests in all facets of human activities and relates to cultural and...
April 2018
Comparative study on the effect of bio-slurry and inorganic N-fertilizer on growth and yield of kale (Brassica oleracea L.)
Kale is one of the nutritious leafy vegetables with a high nitrogen fertilizer requirement. However, soil fertility is declining progressively due to the imbalanced use of inorganic fertilizer. Discharging bio-slurry as waste will lead to environmental pollution and disposing will also lead to costs because of its large volume. Consequently, replacing chemical fertilizers with bio-slurry can not only achieve efficient...
April 2018
Morphological characteristics of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) in Ghana
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is an important economic tree crop grown in home gardens and farms all over Ghana. Although there are some studies on diverse aspects of the crop in several parts of the world, not much has been documented about its morphology in Ghana. This study was therefore conducted to describe the morphology of avocado in the Ashanti and Central Regions of Ghana. Using the avocado descriptor as a...
March 2018
Effect of nitrogen fertilizer treatments on duration of senescense, harvest time and yield in some varieties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)
The effects of liquid nitrogen fertilizer (150% N) and benzyl amino purine (BAP 200 ppm) on senescence, yield and nutrients mobilization in two cowpea varieties were investigated in the rainy and dry seasons. The study was conducted in a screen house at the University of Lagos, Nigeria (6°27ʺ1, 3°45ʺ E). The duration of the study was between August 2012 and January 2013. The experimental design used was...
March 2018
Heterosis and combining ability analysis of quality protein maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines adapted to mid-altitude sub-humid agro-ecology of Ethiopia
Generation of information on heterosis and combining abilities of newly developed maize inbred lines is necessary for a successful hybrid and synthetic maize varieties development. Accordingly, this study was conducted to estimate the combining ability of QPM inbred lines for grain yield and yield related traits and to determine the magnitudes of standard heterosis for grain yield and yield related traits in line...
March 2018
Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis for quantitative traits of seed yield, and yield components in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) at Maichew, Northern Ethiopia
Twelve chickpea genotypes were tested to assess variability, heritability, correlations and direct and indirect effects between yield and yield components. Maximum phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was recorded for number of seeds per plant (33.8, 32.4), number of secondary branches per plant (30.3, 29.6), number of pods per plant (25.6, 24.7) and 100 seed weight (23.0, 22.7) respectively . High...
March 2018
Upland rice response to fertilizer in three agro-ecological zones of Uganda
The yield of upland rice (Oryza spp.) per unit area of production in Uganda is low, partly due to low soil fertility, and use of fertilizer and manure is also low. Trials to establish the response of upland rice to applied nutrients and economically optimal nutrient rates (EOR) were determined at Tororo, Kawanda and Kadesok. The increase in paddy yield was in the range of 91 to 173% with application of 50 to 120 kg N...
February 2018
Two Peziza taxa (Peziza proteana f. proteana (Boud.) Seaver and Peziza proteana f. sparassoides (Boud.) Korf) new to Iraq and bordering countries
The present study reports two Peziza taxa (Pezizaceae/Ascomycota) collected from Al-Alam province in Salahadine Governorate, North Central Iraq, namely, Peziza proteana f. proteana and P. proteana f. sparassoides. Both taxa are reported for the first time from Iraq and for the second time from Asia (including countries bordering Iraq). These two forms of P. proteana are very similar microscopically but deviate...
February 2018
Farm yield evaluation and demonstration of Melkashola tomato variety in central zone of Tigray Region, Ethiopia
Low production and productivity of tomato in the study area is due to limited use of agricultural inputs, particularly improved seeds and fertilizers. The practice of tomato seed production in central zone of Tigray is almost negligible. The demand for vegetable seed is increasing from time to time. Though vegetable seed production is difficult, there are attempts and efforts to produce them at local level....
February 2018
Survey of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) diseases in major faba bean growing districts of North Gondar
Field survey was done in North Gondar during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 cropping seasons with the objective of, assessing the importance of faba bean diseases. Disease severity varied across and within districts. Chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae), gall-forming (Olpidium viciae), rust (Uromyces fabae) and aschochyta blight (Aschochyta fabae) were the most dominate and frequently occurring diseases of faba bean. The highest...
January 2018
Evaluation of varietal responses for growth, yield and yield components of haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in two districts at Bench- Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia
Variety trials with haricot bean have long been studied; varietal response for maximum yielding ability, however, depends on agro-ecological conditions of a particular growing environment. Therefore, the current study evaluates the performance of varieties on growth, yield and yield components of Haricot bean at two locations of Bench-Maji Zone. The treatment consists of eight nationally released varieties and one local...
January 2018
Phytochemical analyses and comparative in vitro antioxidant studies of aqueous, methanol and ethanol stem bark extracts of Simarouba glauca DC. (Paradise tree)
This study was conducted to evaluate selected phytochemicals (antioxidant potentials of aqueous, methanol and ethanol stem bark extracts of Simarouba glauca) relative to standard antioxidants. Sample was harvested, air dried, pulverized and extracted with aqueous and absolute methanol and ethanol; freeze dried at the National Energy Commission Centre, University of Benin. Alkaloids, phenols and tannins were identified,...
January 2018
Enhancing sorghum productivity through demonstration of integrated striga management technologies and its partial budget analysis in Tanqua-Abergelle District, Central Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia
This study investigates integrated striga management (ISM) technologies for enhancement of sorghum productivity and reduction of striga infestation using demonstration conducted in 2016/2017 production season in Tanqua-Abergele district in one of the striga prone areas at ‘Imba-Rufeal’ kebele. The results implied that there was a highly significant difference among application of ISM technologies and...
December 2017
Potential of cassava starch from TME 419 as suitable gelling agent in micropropagation of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
Cassava starch from nine varieties, namely, NR 8082, TMS 97/2205, TMS 97/0162, TMS 92/0057, TMS 98/0505, TMS 92/0326, TMS 30572, TMS 82/0058, and TME 419 were evaluated for their suitability as gelling substitute to conventional gelling agents (gellan gum and agar) in medium using cassava shoot tips and nodal segments as explants. Explants were seeded singly into a 15 ml cassava multiplication medium gelled either in...
December 2017
Various macro and micro-morphological features of two species of Cakile
The morphology and anatomy of Cakile maritima subsp. aegyptiaca and Cakile arabica are organized in this work to invent the different characters between the two studied species. The species were collected fresh from Mersa-Matruh in Egypt and Dammam city in Eastern region of Saudi Arabia. The main characteristic to distinguish between the different Cakile species is the morphology of the fruit, C. maritima was...
December 2017
Evaluation of Tanzanian maize germplasms for identification of resistant genotypes against maize lethal necrosis
Experiments were conducted in season 2014B at Naivasha maize lethal necrosis screening facility to evaluate Tanzanian maize germplasms for resistance to maize lethal necrosis (MLN). One hundred and fifty-two maize landraces and 33 inbreed lines were artificially inoculated with maize chlorotic mottle virus and sugarcane mosaic virus isolates in two trials arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) and two...
November 2017
Correlation between seed characteristics and biomass production of Moringa oleifera provenances grown in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
The correlation between seed size and biomass production of Moringa oleifera, was conducted in a field experiment at Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) in 2014. The experiment included eleven M. oleifera provenances from West Africa according to four agro-ecological characteristics (Sahelian, Sub Equatorial, South Sudanian and North Sudanian). Differences among provenances seed traits, leaf morphology, and dry mass (DM) were...
November 2017
Phytochemical analysis of Ziziphus mucronata Willd. extract and screening for antifungal activity against peanut pathogens
Chemical analysis of aqueous extract of Ziziphus mucronata Willd. was determined by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Among the 11 compounds found, catechin, rutin (quercetin 3-O-rutinoside), delphinidin-3-glucoside, isoquercetin (hyperoside) and quercitrin (quercetine3,7-O-L-dirhanmopyranoside) were identified as the major phenolics components in this aqueous plant extract. To elute the...
October 2017
In vitro protocol optimization for micropropagation of elite Lemmon verbena (Aloysia triphylla)
The family Verbenaceae includes 36 genera and 1035 species. Among them lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla) is known to have high medicinal value. Therefore, development of fast and new in vitro micropropagation protocol will have a high importance in lemon verbena mass-propagation. This research study targeted to develop rapid in vitro micropropagation protocol for lemon verbena. Up to 88% of clean survived plantlets were...
October 2017
Effects of fertilizer and cassava-legume cropping systems on root yields in two agro-ecological zones of Ghana
Cassava is an important food crop in small-holder farming systems in Ghana. Due to the limited use of organic and inorganic inputs, soil fertility becomes a major problem in cassava production systems. A study was conducted at the Soil Research Institute, Kwadaso, in the Forest Agro-ecological zone and the Wenchi Agricultural Station in the Forest-Savannah Transitional zone. The fertilizer rates were 0:0:0, 15:15:15 and...
September 2017
The qualitative and quantitative impact of copper and zinc applications on winter wheat cultivation
The impacts of copper and zinc compounds were tested on winter wheat crop grown in calcareous chernozem soil in Hungary, Regöly, Tolna County, during the planting seasons of 2011 and 2013. This work aims to discover the effects of different doses of copper and zinc on wheat yield (t.ha-1), in terms of gluten content (%), “Zeleny” number or sedimentation index and raw protein content (m%). Further,...
September 2017
Assessment of the modes of pollen dispersal of Vernonia amygdalina Del. and Vernonia calvoana Hook
The study of pollen dispersal and mode of fertilization of Vernonia amygdalina and Vernonia calvoana is a prerequisite to the understanding of genetic diversity and elaboration of improvement programs for the Vernonia genus. In this study, precise experimental designs were made for morphological and biological observations on Vernonia species capitulum in order to assess the distinctive effects of each of the...
August 2017
Effects of chitosan and snail shell powder on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) growth and resistance against black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya
Chitosan and chitin sources have emerged as promising groups of biological substances that can induce plant growth and resistance to diseases. This study is aimed at investigating the potential effect of chitosan and snail shell to promote cocoa growth and induce resistance against Phytophthora megakarya. The results showed that treatment of cocoa seeds with chitosan at 1.5 to 2.0% and snail shell at 2.0% increases the...
August 2017
Effect of glyphosate used as a sugarcane chemical ripener in Côte d’Ivoire
Sugarcane chemical ripening is aimed at accelerating the sucrose accumulation in the stems for harvesting when the climate conditions of crop year are hardly optimal for natural ripening. The study aims at determining the best response of sugarcane varieties to glyphosate ripening effect and the harvest delay after its application in Ferké 2 Sugar Bowl, Northern Côte d’Ivoire, in order to improve the...
July 2017
Urban and peri-urban crop farming in Central Uganda: Characteristics, constraints and opportunities for household food security and income
Urban and peri-urban farming has a potential to address challenges related to food insecurity among city and town dwellers. It provides the urban population with food, nutrition and a source of income and employment, thus reducing on poverty and food scarcity. It has the advantage of proximity to urban markets which saves on transportation costs, thereby increasing farmers’ profitability. This study was carried...
July 2017
Genotype × environment interactions for grain yield in rice under no drought and drought conditions
Environments in sub-Saharan Africa fluctuate considerably across sites and seasons. This suggests the importance of assessing genotype x environment interaction (GEI) in cultivar development. The objective of this study was to estimate the magnitude of GEI for rice grain yield and identify high yielding and stable rice genotypes. Fifty six genotypes including 45 F3 rice populations, their 10 parents and one check were...
July 2017
Effect of different rate of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of cabbage (Brassica Oleraceae) at Debre Markos, North West Ethiopia
A research was conducted at Debre Markos, North West Ethiopia in 2015. The objective of the study was to evaluate different rate of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of cabbage. The experment was laidout in randomized complete block design with four treatments and three replication. Nitrogen fertilizer have no significant effect on plant height and number of outer leaves, while leaf length, leaf width, head...
July 2017
Flowers of the intertidal seagrass Halophila stipulacea (Forsskål) Ascherson: A new record from tropical coast of Tanzania, Indo-Pacific
Flowers of the seagrass Halophila stipulacea (Forsskål) Ascherson in Tanzania are currently unreported. The present study was conducted along the coast of Tanzania, Indo-Pacific, Kunduchi intertidal mudflats. Transplanted cuttings from Kunduchi intertidal mudflats were successfully grown in sand-mud substrate in the growth chamber in a 12 h photoperiod (1,250 µmol photons m-2s-1) and an inductive...
July 2017
The suppression of Arabidopsis succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) phenotype by using ethyl methane-sulfonate mutagenesis (EMS)
The disruption of the succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) function in Arabidopsis leads to aberrant growth phenotype. In human, the SSADH malfunction leads to a condition known as γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) aciduria. It is characterized by the accumulation of GHB as well as abnormal growth. GHB aciduria is treated pharmacologically with compounds analogous to gamma-aminubutyrate (GABA). One of these compounds...
July 2017
GGE biplot analysis of genotypes by environment interaction on Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench) in Zimbabwe
The genotype by environment interaction (GEI) reduces the success of genotype selection and recommendations by breeders, thus slowing down the progress of plant breeding. The understanding of genotype by environment interaction (GEI) multi-locational yield trials (MLYT) enables researchers to identify locations which are efficient in distinguishing tested genotypes, which are ideal across the test-locations as well as...
June 2017
Genetic variability, heritability and variance components of some yield and yield related traits in second backcross population (BC2) of cassava
Second backcross population developed from crosses between wild relative Manihot walkarae and Manihot esculenta were evaluated using randomized complete block design at National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI) Umudike in 2011 and 2012 cropping seasons. The objective of this study was to assess the extent of genetic variability, heritability, variance components of some yield, yield related traits, pest and...
June 2017
Effects of light conditions on the growth of commercial seaweed Undaria pinnatifida
The artificial lighting conditions which promoted growth of the gametophytes and sporophytes of brown alga Undaria pinnatifida were examined. The seaweed was subjected to continuous or intermittent white, blue, or red light. There were notable, but not significant, differences in gametophyte and sporophyte growth between continuous and intermittent (104 Hz) white light conditions. Gametophyte growth was promoted most...
June 2017
Growth, symbiotic and yield response of N-fertilized and Rhizobium inoculated common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important and widely cultivated pulse crops in most developing countries. However, its cultivation is globally constrained mainly by low soil fertility and lack of improved agronomic practices. A field experiment was conducted at Hawassa University College of Agriculture, Hawassa Southern Ethiopia to determine the effect of N fertilization and Rhizobium phaseoli...
June 2017
Curvularia lunata as, a dominant seed-borne pathogen in Dalbergia sissoo Roxb: Its location in seed and its phytopathological effects
Dalbergia sissoo (shisham) seeds naturally infected with Curvularia lunata showed either black discoloration (1.25 to 8.75%) or appeared dull (0.50 to 10.0%). When they were incubated, they yielded pure growth of the pathogen. During location studies, cleared whole mount preparation and component plating revealed the presence of infection restricted to the seed coat and cotyledons of asymptomatic...
June 2017
New records of basidiomycetous macrofugi from Kurdistan region - Northern Iraq
This study was carried out within February to June, 2015 to 2016 on macrofungi samples collected from different localities within Iraqi Kurdistan region - Northern Iraq. This mountainous region is rich in forest trees with diverse groups of shrubs and herbs and is expected to support the growth of many macrofungal species. However, this part of Iraq is still unexplored from macrofungal point of view. In this paper seven...
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