Simulation of a sachet water processing plant using an analogous electrical model
July 2013
This paper presents an electrical model for studying the process behaviour of a sachet water production plant. In this model, the mechanical components of the plant such as the connecting pipes, the water tanks and the water filter were represented by resistors, capacitors and an inductor, respectively. A state equation was developed as a mathematical model of the electrical circuit. In this equation,...
Performance of activated carbons in the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of maleic acid
July 2013
Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of maleic acid using palm fruit shell, peach stone and cashew nut shell as catalysts was investigated. Physical activation of pyrolised char with carbon dioxide was done at 900°C, 30 min holding time and heating rate of 20°C/min under nitrogen flowrate of 150 cm3/min. The activated carbons had maximum Brunauer Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas of 389, 428 and...
Predictive modeling for an industrial naphtha reforming plant using a recurrent-layer artificial neural network
July 2013
In this research, a layered-recurrent artificial neural network (ANN) using back-propagation method was developed for simulation of a fixed-bed industrial catalytic-reforming unit, called Platformer. Ninety-seven data points were gathered from the industrial catalytic naphtha reforming plant during the complete life cycle of the catalyst (about 919 days). A total of 80% of data were selected as past...
Application of nanotechnology in textile engineering: An overview
June 2013
The use of nanotechnology in the textile industry has increased rapidly due to its unique and valuable properties. There is a considerable potential for profitable applications of nanotechnology in cotton and other textile industries. Its application can economically extend the properties and values of textile processing and products. The use of nanotechnology allows textiles to become multifunctional...
Flow characteristics of fluid and its effectiveness on orifice plate using pneumatic proportional control
June 2013
A number of studies on effect of temperature on the flow characteristics of various fluids have been carried out. The aim of this work was to examine the flow characteristics of hexane upon the influence of temperature as well as the effectiveness response of orifice plate using pneumatic proportional control. Knowledge of the past on temperature impact as one aspect of the information set held by various scientific and...
Modeling the biosorption of crude oil in water using plantain pseudo stem as the adsorbent
June 2013
Biosorption is a technique that can be used for the removal of pollutants from waters. A variety of biomaterials are known to bind these pollutants, including bacteria, fungi, algae, and industrial and agricultural wastes. In this work, the biosoption abilities of plantain pseudo stem towards crude oil are emphasized. Experimental and theoretical approach was used to monitor and predict the rate of...
Performance evaluation of wireless multipath/shadowed G-distributed channel
June 2013
In wireless communication the effect of multipath as well as shadowing takes place simultaneously over the channel and this phenomena leads to composite fading. G-distribution is frequently encountered distribution in wireless fading environment. Combination of multipath fading and shadowing model are used as composite fading model. This composite fading model is named as G-distribution. G-distribution...
Educational software for radial power system protection
June 2013
This paper presents a set of analysis tools for self learning for radial power system protection training (Bouhenna 2010). It automates a radial feeder for an overcurrent protection that would include fault calculations, fuse-fuse co-ordination, current transformer, relay-relay and fuse-relay co-ordination, directional overcurrent protection, ground fault protection, automatic recloser and sectionalizer. The...
Formulation and characterization of self compacting concrete with silica fume
June 2013
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) was elaborated using local materials and silica fume (SF) as admixture in 15% of cement quantity, two different Portland cements (PC) and two different superplasticizer that the chemical nature is polycarboxylate and plynaphtalene, the aggregates used are (AG 3/8 mm, AG 8/15 mm), coarse and fine sand (SC, SF) witch fineness modulus 3.2 and 1 in the order. The dosage of...
Implementation of neural network for monitoring and prediction of surface roughness in a virtual end milling process of a CNC vertical milling machine
May 2013
This paper presents a real time simulation for virtual end milling process. Alyuda NeuroIntelligence was used to design and implement an artificial neural network. Artificial neural networks (ANN’s) is an approach to evolve an efficient model for estimation of surface roughness, based on a set of input cutting conditions. Neural network algorithms are developed for use as a direct modeling method, to...
Effects of viscosity on phase separation of liquid mixtures with a critical point of miscibility
May 2013
After quenching a high-viscosity partially miscible critical liquid mixture to a temperature far below the critical point, we observed the formation of rapidly coalescing droplets, whose size grew linearly with time, indicating that phase separation process is driven byconvection. As predicted by the diffuse interface...
Potential research of carbon (iv) oxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) in Middle East
May 2013
Anthropological carbon (iv) oxide (CO2) emissions to the atmosphere are identified as amajor driver for the global warming effect. Major CO2 emissions sources are locatedwithin power and industrial sectors where fossil fuels are consumed to generate...
Bubble dynamics and interface phenomenon
March 2013
The dispersion of gas into liquid is a complex part and it is depending on bubble size and its distribution including coalescence and breakup. The study of flow pattern, bubble size and its distribution and factors affecting the bubble size was reviewed by several authors. Various measurement techniques of bubble size are also reported in literature. In this paper we have made an attempt to show the...
Modelling some ergonomic parameters with machine parameter using hand powered maize sheller
March 2013
The economic situation in most developing countries have left farmers and processors operating at the small scale, hence the use of automated and electric power driven equipment is limited to the few large scale processors. The effect of the ergonomic parameters namely; weight, age, height and arm length in relation to the resulting efficiencies; shelling efficiency, cleaning efficiency, mechanical damage and...
Development of a realtime microcomputer-based logging system for diagnosis and research
March 2013
In this research, a realtime temperature logging system that logs human temperature into the computer over a period was developed and the temperature chart produced is useful for diagnosis and research purposes. The graphical representation within the threshold temperature (36°C) depicts normal body temperature of a healthy person. An upshot beyond this temperature makes the logger to signal an audible...
An evolutionary programming embedded Tabu search method for hydro-thermal scheduling with cooling – banking constraints
February 2013
This paper presents a new approach for solving the unit commitment problem (UCP) in hydro-thermal power system. The main objective of this paper is to find the generation scheduling by committing the generating units such that the total operating cost can be minimized by satisfying both the forecasted load demand and various operating constraints. It is a Global optimization technique for solving UCP,...
Design and simulation study of a simple ion injector
February 2013
The stated purpose of this manuscript is to study the parameters of a single-gap accelerator system with a view to optimizing the transport of a beam of argon ions. A study is made for the main factors that must be considered on the design of an ion injector taking into account the appropriate design of the single gap accelerator column by doing such study both analytically and with ion beam simulation. These...
Application of chemical injection on cooling treatment technology control of corrosion and fouling in petrochemical plant: Case study of Indorama Plc, Akpajo-Eleme
January 2013
Corrosion and fouling has been a major menace to the operation, integrity and life expectancy of process equipment in the production line of refinery and petrochemical equipment. This research focuses on effective cooling water treatment technology by inhibitive and bio-remediative chemical injection to control fouling and minimizes corrosion in process equipment such as boiler, heat exchangers and heaters...
Design and construction of fish smoking kiln
January 2013
The design and construction of fish smoking kiln was undertaken with the aim of improving the existing fish smoking kiln. The kiln consists of metal frame made of angle iron on which the entire component was assembled. The handle controls the speed of the ventilation fan through chain and sprocket. The charcoal housing is made of perforated metal sheet to allow for proper ventilation. The kiln is operated...
Trend in ground water fluctuation in Gidan Kwano Inland Valley of Niger State Nigeria
December 2012
Trend in ground water table fluctuation was investigated on an experimental field of 18070.2 m2 between June and March of a following year. Five Piezometers were used to monitor the depth of water table at different locations. Findings indicated a depth of water table fluctuation between 0.4 cm above the soil surface and 200 cm below surface. Further analysis carried out on possible relationship between...
Sodium chloride concentration on the rheological and dynamic properties of aloe vera gel
December 2012
Aloe vera gel is a highly medicinal gel which is in high demand in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry. Mathematical models were developed to simulate the rheological and dynamic properties of aloe vera gel in relation to the addition of sodium chloride (NaCl – common salt) at various concentrations. The result from the investigation shows the effect of sodium chloride concentration on the...
Improving Web Content Management System: Template personalization approach
December 2012
Web Content Management System (WCMS) has been developed to facilitate different aspects of website development. However, up until now, designing of web pages is accomplished by the website developers. Even though WCMS might suggest a number of templates, but it does not consider the nature of the website that will be developed. Many designers have complained about designing the right structure, and different...
Brain fingerprinting
November 2012
Brain finger printing is based on finding that the brain generates a unique brain wave pattern when a person encounters a familiar stimulus. Use of functional magnetic resonance imaging in lie detection derives from studies suggesting that persons asked to lie show different patterns of brain activity than they do when being truthful. Issues related to the use of such evidence in courts are discussed. In the...
Dielectric relaxation, electrical conductivity and impedance response of Barium titanate (BT) and Strontium titanate (ST) doped Ba(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 ceramics
November 2012
Lead-free polycrystalline ceramics of Ba(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 and its solid solutions 0.91Ba(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3-0.09BaTiO3 (BFN-BT) and 0.91Ba(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3-0.09SrTiO3 (BFN-ST) were fabricated by a solid-state reaction process, and their electrical properties were characterized in a broad frequency range (100 Hz to 1 MHz) at a temperature range from 30 to 385°C. The prepared ceramics are single...
Experimental determination of damping ratios at higher modes for use in modal superposition
November 2012
While carrying out the transient analysis, the major challenge is to provide accurate damping ratio data for higher modes as this is not reported. Hence an attempt is made to find out the damping ratios experimentally in this paper. Two approaches of experimental evaluation of damping ratios are discussed, for free and forced vibration, with four different materials namely: mild steel, aluminum, cast iron and...
Using structured analysis for the control of real-time systems
October 2012
After a presentation of the real time system analysis and design, we present the Structured Analysis for Real Time Systems, or SA-RT. This graphical design notation is focusing on analyzing the functional behaviour and information flow through a system. In fact, the modeling of the real time systems helps us to understand its working, without eliminating its complexity. Then, we present the graphic and textual formalism...
Numerical study of heat transfer in pulsating turbulent air flow
October 2012
A numerical investigation of heat transfer characteristics of pulsating turbulent flow in a circular tube is carried out. The flow is thermally and hydrodynamically fully developed and the tube wall is subjected to a uniform heat flux. The flow inlet to the pipe consists of fixed component and pulsating component that varies sinusoidally with time. The flow and temperature fields are computed numerically...
Heat flux and plasma parameters in plasma welding by means of velocity shear instability
April 2012
Industrial applications of plasma welding technology are in spot light in many industries. The flexibility of coupling electric field, magnetic field and parameters in plasma heat flux has been demonstrated in selected pilot scale and plasma welding for metallurgical and parametallurgical purpose. This paper present effect of different parameters: magnetic field, homogenous Direct Current electric field (DC),...
Sliding mode application in speed control of an induction machine coupled in a hydraulic system
April 2012
In this paper, a nonlinear control of an induction motor (IM) supplied with a photovoltaic generator to assure the level control of two coupled tanks is designed. The global system is decomposed into two separate models thus, coupled are assured by discontinuous command. In the first step, we propose a sliding mode technique to make the speed and the flux control of the IM robust to parameter variations....
An optimal parametric design to improve pool boiling heat transfer of sintered surfaces
February 2012
This study investigated the effect of design parameters on pool boiling heat transfer on the sintered surfaces of a tube. The pool boiling experiments were conducted in saturated, deionized and degassed water. Data were taken at an atmospherical pressure and a fixed heat flux of 41,000.In the experimentation, the effects of the sintering pressure, sintering time, sintering temperature, heating rate, and...
Liquid crystal-reconfigurable conformal monopole antennas structures for microwave applications
February 2012
In this article, the design of conformal monopole antennas on a very thin layer of flexible liquid crystals (LCs) is introduced. The flexible LC substrate can be bent and folded over the module case, resulting in a tight integration of the antenna with the frontend module. Firstly, a meander monopole antenna, designed for single band operation, is presented with details of the structure, simulation and...
Recent advances of distributed optical fiber Raman amplifiers in ultra wide wavelength division multiplexing telecommunication networks
February 2012
Recently, many research works have been focused on the fiber optic devices for optical communication systems. One of the main interests is on the optical amplifiers to boost a weak signal in the communication systems. In order to overcome the limitations imposed by electrical regeneration, a means of optical amplification was sought. The competing technology emerged: the first was Raman amplification. One...
Investigation into the kinetics of biodegradation of crude oil in different soils
February 2012
An experimental study was conducted to examine crude oil degradation in different soil (clay, sandy loamy and swampy soil) of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 ml × 10 kg-1 pollution. The polluted crude oil and soil samples were obtained from Niger Delta area of Nigeria and microbial analysis were conducted on the samples for the purpose of identification, isolation and characterization of possible microbes with a...
High speed performance of semiconductor electrooptic modulators for multi Gigahertz communication systems operation
January 2012
The effects of electrodes geometry and temperature on high frequency radio frequency transmission characteristics are deeply investigated against semiconductor material based electro optic modulator devices such as aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) and optical waveguide parameters. On the other hand, we have developed the optimization of the electro-optic modulator parameters where the effective index plays...
Digital very-large-scale integration (VLSI) Hopfield neural network implementation on field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) for solving constraint satisfaction problems
January 2012
This paper discusses the implementation of Hopfield neural networks for solving constraint satisfaction problems using field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). It discusses techniques for formulating such problems as discrete neural networks, and then it describes the N-Queen problem using this formulation. Finally results will be presented which compare the computation times for the custom computer against...
Facial feature units’ localization using horizontal information of most significant bit planes
December 2011
We present here an approach to find the exact position of some feature units related to human face images. We use the horizontal information in most significant bit planes of images to accomplish the task. Finding location of facial feature units is of importance as most human face recognition approaches take it as initial point. The prominent feature units in a face are eyes, nostrils and lips which are...
N and P resorption efficiency and proficiency from leaves under different forest management systems of deciduous woody species
December 2011
Leaf N and P resorption efficiency and proficiency were explored in three permanent (non–tiled) and unfertilised plots: a Castanea sativa mill. paraclimax coppice (CC), a chestnut orchard (CO), and Quercus pyrenaica Wild. climax forest (Oak), adjacent to the CO plot, all located in central western Spain. To estimate the seasonal variation of the nutrients contained in the leaves, 9,...
Social aspects of engineering
December 2011
This article discusses the relationships and linkages between the extended engineering profession and other intangible facets of human society. While describing how basic human needs, which engineers were used to satisfy, had transformed in the 21st century into a milieu of almost unlimited desires, the author emphasizes the new challenges engineering faces today. One of outcomes resulting from this change of...
The effect of mesophilic and thermophilic temperature on bonny light crude oil degradation in Niger Delta Area of Nigeria using Pseudomonas sp.
December 2011
In this study the effect of mesophilic and thermophilic temperature on Bonny light crude oil degradation was tested on the freshwater and salt water media. To this end the pH, optical density, refractor index, specific gravity, density, microbial population and viscosity were determined using experiment analysis. Experiments were performed using environmentally relevant concentrations of the test substances...
Modeling the rate of biocorrosion and the effects of redox-reactions of metals in water environment
December 2011
Laboratory studies were conducted to assess the effectiveness of biocorrosion through oxygen diffusion in zinc metal in water environment. The present investigation was undertaken to determine the corrosion rate of zinc metal in water environment with respect to Plank-Nernst Equation modified to monitor and predict the biocorrosion rate through oxygen diffusion which resulted to biofilm formation. The...
A novel electrical model to an antenna array
November 2011
In this paper, an electrical model is developed to represent the input admittance of an antenna array with a finite number of elements. This model consists of an RLC bock component to represent the input admittance of each elementary antenna element and a capacity component to represent different degrees of antenna coupling effects. The equations based on cavity model are developed to represent physical...
Electromyographic (EMG) signal to joint torque processing and effect of various factors on EMG to torque model
November 2011
This study present electromyographic (EMG) signal to torque model and investigates the effects of various factors on EMG signal and EMG to torque model. Pre-processing techniques are applied on EMG signal in order to remove the DC offset, 60 Hz noise and to estimate the EMG amplitude. The estimated EMG amplitude is then mapped to joint torque using a new non-linear equation. This equation uses some...
Performance evaluation of bamboo with morter and concrete
November 2011
Bamboo has remarkable properties as a construction material, being both light weight and extremely strength and durable. Moreover it grows all over the Bangladesh; a South Asian lower-middle income country where rural people is the majority of the total population. Bamboo having considerable tensile and compressive strength as a construction material is used widely in Bangladesh. But the main problem that it...
Influence of finishing temperature on the mechanical properties of conventional hot rolled steel bar
October 2011
The conventional mill operators are faced with challenges of producing reinforcing steel bars of adequate strength characteristics. This stems from the inability to effectively control and monitor process variables such as temperature, strain-rate and cooling. These parameters collectively determine the microstructure and invariably the mechanical properties of the rolled bars. However, the finishing...
An investigation of the effect of hall current and rotational parameter on dissipative fluid flow past a vertical semi-infinite plate
October 2011
Magneto hydrodynamics (MHD) stokes problem for a vertical semi-infinite plate in a dissipative rotating fluid with hall current has been considered. The partial differential equations governing the problem are framed and then solved using numerical methods of implicit finite difference approximations. An analysis of effects of parameter on the velocity (both primary and secondary) profiles and...
Stochastic redundancy allocation problem using simulation
September 2011
Reliability is one of the main parameters of the products considered to be important to survive in the competitive market. Reliability in its simple form means the probability that a failure may not occur in a given period of time that is, the component performs adequately without failure. The subsystems or components in a system are arranged in series or parallel depending on the space constraint. However,...
Electrochemical properties of metals in cassava fluid
September 2011
This study was carried out to investigate and evaluate the electrochemical properties of mild steel (0.6, 1.0 and 1.46 mm), galvanized steel (0.36, 0.6 and 1.24 mm) and aluminium (0.9 and 1.3 mm) sheets exposed to cassava fluid. Corrosion rates of mild steel (10.595 mm/yr), galvanized steel (11.26 mm/yr) and aluminium (9.556 mm/yr) sheets exposed to cassava fluid were got using weight loss technique. The...
Ultra low loss of a thermal arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) module in passive optical networks
September 2011
In the present paper, high transmission bit rate of a thermal arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) which is composed of lithium niobate (LiNbO3)/polymethyl metha acrylate (PMMA) hybrid materials on a silicon substrate in passive optical networks (PONs) has parametrically analyzed and investigated over wide range of the affecting parameters. We have theoretically investigated the temperature dependent wavelength...
Effect of rapid quenching and aging on tensile behavior of commercially pure (CP) titanium implant material
September 2011
Pure titanium and titanium alloys are widely used as implant materials in the medical and dental fields because of their superior bio-compatibility, corrosion resistance and specific strength compared with other metallic implant materials. Study of mechanical properties of these implant materials is very important during the course of their machining, fabrication and surface treatment...
Modeling the distribution of primes in computable biomolecules
September 2011
Prime numbers are an important research area with application in computer security. The security of certain cryptographic schemes critical in information security lies in the difficulty of factoring large numbers into their prime factors. Determination of the distribution of prime numbers is an important unsolved problem in number theory. Biomolecules such as DNA have extended the domains of what is...
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