Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies on extractives of Calyptrochilum emarginatum (SW) Schltr (Orchidaceae) growing in Nigeria
January 2014
Calyptrochilum emarginatum is an epiphytic shrub belonging to the orchid family with numerous medicinal uses. Phytochemical investigation of the leaf extractives revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, terpenes, sterols and saponins. Alkaloids and cardiac glycosides could not be detected. Antimicrobial studies of the extracts revealed that at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.6 mg/ml,...
Seed treatments to break seed dormancy and Standardization of viability test procedure in Abrus precatorious
January 2014
Abrus precatorius is an indigenous medicinal plant belongs to Fabaceae family and grow as wild vine in tropical and subtropical climate conditions. Seeds of this species posses seed dormancy and restricts germination to overcome unfavorable environmental conditions. This dormancy need to be removed to enhance germination under favourable condition of plant growth. Hence, different dormancy breaking treatments were...
Allelopathic effects of Cassia tora and Cassia uniflora on Parthenium hysterophorous L.
January 2014
Laboratory studies on the seed powder and water extract of seeds of Cassia tora and Cassia uniflora on the germination of Parthenium seeds was studied. Seed powders of both weeds were much inhibitory on seed germination of Parthenium than the water extract. Seed powder of Cassia tora showed maximum germination inhibition of 98% and water extract of 67%, whereas seed powder of C. uniflora showed germination inhibition of...
Anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of usnic acid, a compound firstly isolated from lichen Parmelia saxatilis
January 2014
Usnic acid (UA) was isolated for the first time from Parmelia saxatilis and was confirmed by physical and spectral evidence. Its anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism were explored on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. The effects of UA on pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), pro-inflammatory...
Toward a clinical research framework for collaboration among selected stakeholders in traditional herbal medical practice in seme and gem sub-locations in Nyanza province, Kenya
January 2014
Both World Health Organization (WHO) and Kenya government have recognized the role of herbal traditional medicinal practice in primary health management due to the observation that 80% of the rural communities consult traditional healers before they go for the orthodox medical services. The traditional herbal practice remains familiar and artitional, thus least developed and hence the patients do not get the best values...
The medicinal characteristics of alcohol-extraction-water-precipitation fraction from Swertia mussotii Franch.
January 2014
The alcohol-extraction-water-precipitation fraction of Swertia mussotii Franch. (SME-d) had been proved to be hepatoprotective without toxicity in previous report. In this article, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), rat experiment and P450 model tests were employed for studying the pharmacology characteristics of SME-d. The results showed that the contents of sweroside, swertiamarin, mangiferin,...
Protective effects of Launaea procumbens against oxidative adrenal molecular, hormonal and pathological changes in rats
January 2014
The aim of the study was to investigate the protective effects of Launaea procumbens methanolic extract (LM) against CCl4-induced molecular, hormonal and pathological abnormalities in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were provided by National Institute of Health (NIH) Islamabad and orally fed with 100, 200 mg/kg body weight of LM after 48 h of CCl4 treatment (3 ml/kg body weight, 30% in olive oil) biweekly for 4 weeks....
A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa (kalonji) seeds
January 2014
Nigella sativa name as black seed or Kalonji seed belongs to family of rananculacea. It is widely grown in different part of world and is an annual herb cultivated in India and Pakistan, Phytochemically; it contains fixed oil, protein, alkaloids saponin and essential oil. N. sativa has been reported to possess potent antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antiparasitic, anticancer, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antiparasitic,...
Effects of aluminum toxicity on the growth and antioxidant status in Jatropha curcas seedlings
January 2014
In the present study, the effects of aluminium (Al) concentrations on growth, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), EC 4.3.1.5) activities in Jatropha curcas L. seedlings were investigated. To carry out such investigations, J. curcas embryos were germinated and grown in vitro under Al concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 mM over a...
In vitro antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis of some medicinal plants
January 2014
Essential oils of medicinal plants have been used traditionally against pathogenic bacteria that caused infectious disease in human and microbial spoilage of food and have been used safely in herbal medicine as antibacterial compounds. In the present study, the antibacterial activities of the oils were evaluated against human and animals pathogenic bacteria. In this assay, the selective plants reported ethnobotanical...
Amazing bean “Mucuna pruriensâ€: A comprehensive review
January 2014
Mucuna pruriens commonly known as cow-age or cowitch or velvet bean or Alkushi, is a medicinal plant traditionally used in Indian medicine belongs to the family Leguminosae. M. pruriens seed is a natural source of the amino acid L-3,4-dihydroxy phenyl alanine (L-DOPA), the direct precursor to the neuro transmitter dopamine which is used widely in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Serotonin, oxitriptan,...
DNA isolation and optimization of SRAP-PCR condition for endangered Polyporus umbellatus
January 2014
To provide a fast genetic diversity survey of endangered Polyporus umbellatus (Pers.) Fries for immediate conservation, DNA isolation and optimization of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay of sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) were investigated. Due to high amount of polysaccharide contained in mycelium, three special approaches were adopted to eliminate it during DNA isolation, including adding...
Comparative assessment of genetic diversity among the Asclepiadaceous species using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and numerical taxonomy system (NTSYS) cluster analysis
January 2014
Asclepiadaceae is an economically important family species which are the source of fiber, rubber and dyes. In this study, genetic variability has been determined in three species, that is, Tylophora hirsuta, Wattakaka volubilis and Cryptolepis buchananii. The aim of present study was to understand the extent and pattern of genetic diversity among the individuals of same and different species of Asclepiadaceae. To asses...
Medico-ethnobotanical investigations in Parbat district of Western Nepal
January 2014
The aim of present research was to record the indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants of Parbat district, Nepal. Field trips were arranged to collect the plants and ethnobotanical information from the study area during 2011 to 2012. The paper dealt with ethnobotanical plants along with their local names, parts and ethnomedicinal uses prescribed by ethnic tribes Gurung, Magar and Majhi of the district. A total of 61...
Evaluation of the antioxidant and antiradical activities of perilla seed, leaf and stalk extracts
January 2014
The antioxidant properties of perilla seed, leaf and stalk extracts were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide radicals scavenging activities, reducing power and metal chelating ability. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of perilla leaf extract was 57.5%, a value which was higher than scavenging activity of other perilla extracts at 15.0 μg/ml. Based on superoxide radical scavenging...
Preliminary studies on decontamination of some dried herbal products by gamma irradiation
January 2014
Seven dried herbal products (DHP) were decontaminated using gamma radiation. The microbial loads (total viable count, TVC) of the raw and irradiated products were determined using the methods of serial dilutions and pour plate. Based on international standards for microbial load, the effective decontamination doses were determined for the DHP. The range of TVC for the DHP was 105 to 109 cfu/g. Milled roots...
Wild edible fruits used by Badagas of Nilgiri District, Western Ghats, Tamilnadu, India
January 2014
Nilgiri means "Blue Mountains". The entire area of the Blue Mountains constitutes the present district of Nilgiri. It was originally a tribal land and was occupied by the Todas, Kotas, Kurumbas, Kattunayakkas and Panyas. Among them, the Badagas are one of the major communities in the district who reside in the mountain as long as other tribal population. The weather in this district favours the growth of...
DNA markers in the authentication of Traditional Chinese Medicine
January 2014
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with its multi-target effects, is gaining more and more attention all over the world due to its specific theory and long historical clinical practice. But the absence of an objective and accurate inspection system is frequently cited as one of the major hurdles for its modernization and globalization. Benefiting from modern molecular biology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)...
A new acylated luteolin glycoside from Curcuma Longa L. and free radical scavenging potential of its extracts
January 2014
The ethanol and water extracts of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) displayed free radical scavenging activity. Chemical investigation of the ethanolic extract led to the isolation of a new acylated luteolin glucoside, luteolin-7-O-(6"-p-hydroxybenzoyl-b-D-glucopyranoside) (compound 1), together with the known flavonoids: luteolin 7-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (compound 2), apigenin-7-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (compound 3),...
Ethnobotanical survey of some medicinal important leafy vegetables in North Western Nigeria
January 2014
This paper focuses on twenty-eight medicinally important leafy vegetables documented from the North Western part of Nigeria. It also highlights their medicinal importance in the treatment of minor ailments as well as their sources. The family Compositae (Asteraceae) contained the highest number of plants, followed by Cucurbitaceae, Malvaceae and Solanaceae. Sixty eight percent of the documented vegetables are...
Studies on the molecular mechanism of cholesterol reduction by Fraxinus angustifolia, Peumus boldus, Cynara cardunculus and Pterospartum tridentatum infusions
January 2014
Infusions of Peumus boldus Molina, Cynara cardunculus L., Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl and Pterospartum tridentatum (L.) Willk are recommended in Portugal to reduce serum cholesterol levels, among other effects. Volunteers drinking these infusions showed plasma total cholesterol reductions of 14% with Pterospartum boldus and 22% with P. tridentatum. C. cardunculus mixed with F. angustifolia or P. tridentatum resulted in...
The effect of foliar applied urea on growth, yield, and oil contents of lemon grass variety-OD-19
January 2014
The influence of different foliar applications of urea on growth, essential oil accumulation in lemon grass (Cymbopogan flexuosus L.) was studied at the research area of medicinal and aromatic plants under department of Crop and Herbal Physiology during 2008 to 2009 to estimate the yield components, namely, plant height, tillers per plant, biomass yield, accumulation of essential oil, with treatment of different doses...
Central nervous system depressant and analgesic activities of Scutia myrtina in experimental animal model
January 2014
The purpose of this study is to investigate the central nervous system (CNS) depressant and analgesic activities of the ethanol extract of Scutia myrtina (EESM) (Family: Rhamnaceae) in Swiss albino mice. To evaluate the CNS depressant activity by using the methods such as general behavior, exploratory behavior, muscle relaxant activity and phenobarbitone sodium-induced sleeping time were studied....
Changes in Kaempferol content of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) under water deficit stresses and planting densities
January 2014
To investigate the beneficial impacts of plant density on drought resistance of chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. ‘Qazvin’), we conducted an experiment in the field by measuring certain features essentially related to yield characters. Our objective in this study was to assess the interactive effects of various plant densities (6, 9, 12 and 15 plants/m2) and watering limitation. In the latter, water supply...
Proteomic analysis of acute kidney allograft rejection in rat
January 2014
Kidney transplantation to treat end-stage renal disease has evolved rapidly from the first successful transplantations to the current widespread use of grafts from both cadaveric and living donors. But acute rejection is still a strong risk factor for chronic rejection in recipients of renal grafts. To investigate possible mechanisms, we describe a comparison between different proteins expression profile of acute...
Rapid in vitro multiplication and biological potentialities of Sericostoma pauciflorum stocks ex Wight
January 2014
In the present study, an efficient in vitro plant regeneration protocol for Sericostoma pauciflorum stocks ex Wight, which is known for hypoglycemic efficacy, was achieved. Callus cultures from nodal explants were raised on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium with Indole acetic acid (IAA, 0.5 to 2 mg/l) and 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D, 0.5 to 2 mg/l). Shoot regeneration occurred from callus cultures...
Antidiabetic and genotoxic effects on Wistar rats treated with aqueous extract from Chrysobalanus icaco L.
January 2014
Chrysobalanus icaco L. is a medicinal plant, used to treat diabetes and dyslipidemia in Brazil. The biological effects may vary depending on the source of plant. Experiments were performed to assess these effects from plants collected in the field and those obtained from dried herbs market. Glycemia, cholesterol and triglycerides serum concentrations were measured in healthy and diabetic rats treated with aqueous...
Establishment of hairy root culture and production of secondary metabolites in Coleus (Coleus forskohlii)
January 2014
Production of hairy roots through transformation and in vitro culture was attempted in Coleus using MTCC 2364 strain of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Nodal stem part and mature leaf were used as explants. The nodal stem part responded with huge amount of root production. From the nodal part first 3 to 4cm long shoot emergence took place and after that within 12 days roots started emerging from base of node. If the shoot...
In vitro antioxidant, total phenolic, membrane stabilizing and antimicrobial activity of Allamanda cathartica L.: A medicinal plant of Bangladesh
January 2014
The methanol extract of the leaf of Allamanda cathartica L. as well as its hexane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble partitionates were subjected to screening for antioxidant, membrane stabilizing and antimicrobial activities. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Folin-Ciocalteau reagents using butylated hydroxytolune (BHT) and ascorbic acid as standards....
Antinociceptive effects of Maytenus imbricata Mart. ex. Reissek (Celastraceae) root extract and its tingenone constituent
January 2014
Plants belonging to the genus Maytenus (Celastraceae) are routinely used in folk medicine for the treatment of pain and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of the root extracts and tingenone, a natural triterpene, from Maytenus imbricata Mart. ex. Reissek. Oral pre-treatment with methanol extract (ME), ethyl acetate extract (EAE) (both 100...
Chemical composition of essential oil from the fiddleheads of Pteridium aquilinum L. Kuhn found in Ogoni
January 2014
The present study was designed to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil from the fiddleheads of Pteridium aquilinum L. Kuhn, so as to enable more effective utilization of such bioactive ingredients. Gas chromatography analysis of the essential oil distillate revealed the presence of 40 compounds that consisted mainly of alkanes (86.60%), monoterpenes (3.20%) and sesquiterpenes (2.40%). The most...
Using toasted barley in sesame oil mixture for non-surgical necrosis debridement of experimental burns in rat
January 2014
Burns are the most damaging kind of injuries, major global public health crisis and the fourth most common types of trauma. Decision making in the treatment of burns remains a challenge despite existence of improved assessment techniques and treatment procedures. One of the most complications in healing of burn tissues is necrosis. Several medicinal plants were used to treat skin disorders as burn wounds and necrosis so...
Antimicrobial activity of five constituents isolated from Ranunculus muricatus
December 2013
Antimicrobial activity of five compounds isolated from Ranunculus muricatus, namely, Tricin7-O-β-D-lucopyranoside (1), protocatechuyl aldehide (2), isoscopoletin (3), anemonin (4), Β-sitoseterol (5) were tested against two human Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus) and four Gram-negative ones (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella...
Exploring plant lectins in diagnosis, prophylaxis and therapy
December 2013
Plant lectins are bioactive glycoproteins possessing carbohydrate-recognition domain which exhibit regiospecific, cell-surface specific and reversible interactions with glycoconjugates. Since, they can decode biological information, lectins play a pivotal role in mediating and triggering diverse cellular phenomena. They serve as powerful tools in immunological studies and can be employed as immunohistochemistry markers...
Determination of microelements in Codonopsis Radix by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry
December 2013
An inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was to determine microelements such as Be, B, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Ba, Hg, Pb, Li, Mg, Ca, Ga, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ag, Sn and Cs with In as internal standard. The limits of detection (LOD) for elements mentioned earlier are between 0.003 and 2.478 ng/g, and the recoveries are between 92 and 112.20%. These results are in agreement with the...
Reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (RP-HPLC-DAD) analysis of flavonoids profile from curry leaf (Murraya koenigii. L)
December 2013
Murraya koenigii L. Spreng, a medicinally important herb of Indian origin, has been used for centuries in the Ayurvedic system of traditional Indian medicine and popularly used in Indian cuisine on a daily basis. To evaluate the quality of M. koenigii, L. leaves, a sensitive, simple and precise reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed for assessment of four major bioactive...
Suppressive effects of Hydroxytyrosol on oxidative stress in erythrocytes
December 2013
We investigated the oxidative modifications of lipids, proteins and antioxidants enzymes activities, in erythrocytes treated with H2O2 in the presence or absence of hydroxytyrosol (HT) at 37°C for 30 min. Conjugated dienes level was measured as biomarker of lipid peroxidation. Protein carbonyl level was measured as biomarker of protein oxidation. The antioxidants enzymes activities were evaluated by superoxide...
Anti-ulcerogenic properties of Albuca setosa
December 2013
Albuca setosa is a medicinal plant used by Xhosa tribe in the rural area of South Africa for the treatment of wounds, articulation problems, rheumatoid arthritis and digestive disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the healing effect of A. setosa on experimental induced gastric ulcer. The anti-ulcerogenic effects of A. setosa were investigated in male Wistar rats. Gastric ulcer was induced per os using indomethacin (50...
Study on ethnomedicinal plants of Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary: A cold desert in Trans Himalaya, India
December 2013
The present study aimed to document the use of ethnomedicinal plants by Bodh or Bhotia tribe residing around Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary, a cold desert protected area in trans Himalayan Region. First-hand information on traditional knowledge was collected from Amchis (Folk healers) and local knowledgeable people of age groups that are between 30 and 75 years along with thorough review of previous studies in Indian...
Peltophorum africanum Sond [Mosetlha]: A review of its ethnomedicinal uses, toxicology, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities
December 2013
A variety of ethnotherapeutic properties and pharmacological actions have been attributed to Peltophorum africanum Sond which belongs to the family Fabaceae. Besides being used in indigenous ethnoveterinary medicine, P. africanum is also traditionally used to treat a variety of human infections including sexually transmitted infections, diarrhoea, wounds, stomach disorders and erectile dysfunction. Reports from...
Phenolic compounds from medicinal plants as Natural anti-elastase products for the therapy of pulmonary emphysema
December 2013
Medicinal plants have been used as alternative treatments to health problems. Most of the natural remedies are based on medicinal plants. Many reports have demonstrated that the extracts from medicinal plants such as Nigella sativa (L.) seeds extracts have anti-elastase activity; this is mainly due to the enrichment of the extracts with many bioactive molecules mainly phenolic compounds. Neutrophil serine proteases...
Chemical constituents and biological activity of medicinal plants used for the management of sickle cell disease - A review
December 2013
Since 1910 when sickle cell disease was first reported by Dr. James Herrick and the subsequent characterization by Linus Pauling who hypothesized on the nature of sickle cell haemoglobin (HbS) and its role in sickle cell anemia in 1952, the cure and treatment for the disease has remained a challenge for the entire humanity, with millions of sufferers around the world, and the attendant negative social economic impact....
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.: An updated review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology
December 2013
Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) is a perennial grass distributed all over the world, and particularly it is native to the warm temperate and tropical regions. The plant has been rich in metabolites notably proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, flavonoids, carotenoids, alkaloids, glycosides and triterpenoides. Whole plant of C. dactylon keeps several biological activities such as antibacterial, antimicrobial, antiviral and...
To list or not to list? Arguments for and against listing Harpagophytum species on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
December 2013
Botswana, together with other range states, Namibia and South Africa, that is, countries exporting and trading in devil’s claw, was approached by Germany to try to argue for listing the devil’s claw on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) at CITES COP11 in April, 2000 in Nairobi, Kenya. The focal points for CITES (flora) in the range...
Induction of callogenesis and rhizogenesis in Perovskia abrotanoides Karel., a little known medicinal plant
December 2013
The present study was carried out to investigate in vitro callogenesis and direct rhizogenesis of Perovskia abrotanoides Karel. for the first time. This medicinal plant grows in various regions of Iran. Leaf explants were incubated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of auxins like IAA, IBA and NAA (0.5 to 4 mg/L) with cytokinins like Kin and BA (0.1 to 0.75...
Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Wall. Ex Nees) crop as influenced by the application of farmyard manure (FYM) and inorganic phosphorus in typic torripsamments of Hisar
December 2013
The growth attributes of kalmegh (plant height, number of primary branches, plant spread and dry weight of shoot) were enhanced significantly with the application of 12.5 mg P2O5 kg-1 soil. Application of farmyard manure (FYM) 12.5 t ha-1 significantly improved all the growth attributes significantly over control. However, 12.5 mg P2O5 kg-1 soil along with FYM 12.5 t ha-1 resulted in significantly the highest values of...
Effect of extraction solvents on the phenolic content and antioxidant properties of two papaya cultivars
December 2013
In this study, three types of solvent extracts from two cultivars of papaya fruit (Hongkong and Eksotika) were used to examine the effects of extraction solvent on total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC) and antioxidant activity by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) were...
Variation in essential oil composition and anti-microbial activity of Indian Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) population from Indian Himalayan Region (IHR)
December 2013
Essential oils comprised complex mixture of biologically active ingredients that have multifarious uses. The demand of scent-based essential oils is presently increased in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Under different exploration trips during 2008 to 2012, an attempt was made to collect a few population samples of Origanum vulgare L. from the various agro-ecological zones of Uttarakhand Himalaya in...
Chemical diversity and leishmanicidal activity of Manekia obtusa Miq (Piperaceae)
December 2013
Piperaceae species have long been used for therapeutic purposes, a reason for the great interest in their use as a source of raw material in phytochemical studies. The aim of this work is to investigate the chemical composition and biological potential of Manekia obtusa Miq, a native rare Piperaceae species in Brazil. Phytochemical studies of nonpolar extract from leaves of M. obtusa led to the isolation and...
Phytochemical composition, in vitro antioxidant and anticancer activities of quercetin from methanol extract of Asparagus cochinchinensis (LOUR.) Merr. tuber
December 2013
Five compounds including quercetin (AC01), asparagine (AC02), sucrose (AC03), β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (AC04) and β-sitosterol (AC05) were isolated from the methanol extract of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. tuber collected in Ba Ria–Vung Tau Province of Vietnam. Their structures were elucidated by NMR (1D and 2D-NMR). Quercetin (AC01) was subjected to the assay for antioxidant...
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