Variation in carbon isotope ratio and its relation to other traits in peanut breeding lines and cultivars from U.S. trials
June 2012
Water availability across U.S. peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) producing areas is becoming threatened due to years of drought and competing urban demands. High water-use efficiency (WUE) has now become a priority in many peanut breeding programs. To support this effort, the variation in WUE, as measured by carbon isotope composition (d13C), of up to 19 cultivars was evaluated in Alabama, Georgia, Florida,...
Ethyle methane sulphonate (EMS) induced mutagenic attempts to create genetic variability in Basmati rice
April 2012
Chemical mutagens have long been used to create genetic variability in crop plants for breeding research and genetic studies. In rice, more than 500 varieties have been released through induced mutations. Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) is the most commonly used chemical mutagen in plants. EMS normally induces Gas chromatography GC to AT transitions in the genome and thus resulting protein in the...
Morphological and molecular characterization of six of the most frequently cultivated hard wheat varieties in Tunisia
April 2012
To effectively differentiate and characterize six of the most cultivated hard wheat (Triticum durum Desf) varieties in Tunisia, morphological and molecular markers were used. In the former approach, 10 qualitative characters were employed, as recommended by UPOV descriptors. Twelve of the 17 screened simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers showed clear polymorphic patterns following agarose and...
Scope for utilization of native specialty landraces, cultivars and basmati types in rice heterosis breeding
April 2012
Traditional landraces and basmati lines are useful pool of important traits and need to be analyzed for hybrid breeding utilization in rice. Furthermore, released cultivars have good agronomic characters which can be used directly in the hybrid breeding program. A study was conducted on 80 landraces, 5 basmati lines and 36 cultivars to characterize them, for fertility restoration traits and identification of...
Analysing and modeling the relationship between yield and yield components in sunflower under different planting dates
April 2012
The relationships between planting dates and yield and it's components in sunflower was evaluated through orthogonal polynomial regression analysis. Five field experiments were conducted during the summer season of 2011 to study the effect of five planting dates and three oilseed sunflower genotypes and their interactions on yield and yield components of sunflower. The highest seed yield, oil yield, plant...
Application of principal component analysis for rice germplasm characterization and evaluation
March 2012
This study gave empirical evidence on sixteen agro-morphological data that were collected from one hundred and twenty three rice germplasm comprising of Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima lines including checks. The data was collected from thirteen villages in two States in Nigeria and were characterized using ANOVA model. Among the studied traits, high coefficients of variation were...
Screening of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genotypes at different salinity levels
March 2012
The experiment was conducted at 10 and 15 dS/m along with control condition. The accessions namely; PB-BL-1076, BL-1079, LO-2576, 017902, LO-3686, 017859, 017860 and 017867 were used. Different morphological and physiological characters such as number of flowers, number of flowers shed, number of fruits, number of leaves/plant, number of days for fruit setting, Na+ concentration, K+ concentration and...
Selection and breeding experiments at the haploid level in maize (Zea mays L.)
March 2012
Selection at the haploid level allows increasing the efficiency of recurrent selection procedures. After four cycles of a recurrent selection approach involving haploid plants, grain yield of a synthetic population, SPC4, was at the same level as that of current commercial hybrids. The SPC4 population had a good performance in comparison with 27 synthetic populations obtained from Iowa State University....
Genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis of some yield components of ten cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] accessions
March 2012
Field experiments were conducted in 2006 and 2007 to estimate genetic variability, heritability, correlations and path analysis of some reproductive characters on grain yield of 10 cowpea accessions. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) at the research farm, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The accessions showed significant (p<0.05) variability for days to 50% flowering,...
Photosynthate remobilization capacity from drought-adapted common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines can improve yield potential of interspecific populations within the secondary gene pool
February 2012
Interspecific lines obtained from crosses between common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and other species from its secondary gene pool have a tendency for excessive vegetative growth and low grain yield. Contrariwise, drought-adapted common bean lines have been observed to produce high yields despite low shoot biomass production. This was attributed to greater remobilization of photosynthates to grain...
Tracking fruit size increase in recombinants obtained from an interspecific cross between cultivated tomato (Solanum esculentum) and wild tomato relative (S. pimpinellifolium)
February 2012
The present study was conducted to track the progress in fruit size increment in inter-specific tomato hybrids from F1 to F12 generation. Selection was imposed at every generation and the incremental rate in single fruit size from one generation to another was obtained using relative performance difference (RPD) between successive generations. Increase in fruit size was vivid at every generation and...
Performance of durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) doubled haploids derived from durum wheat x maize crosses
February 2012
Performance of durum wheat doubled haploids derived from durum wheat x maize crosses and their parents (Jenah khotifa, Biskri, Karim and Razzek) was evaluated on the basis of germination percentage and six morphological traits such as plant height, spikeless tillers/plant, spike tillers/plant, days from sowing to 50% ear emergence, kernels/spike and 1000-kernel weight. The results indicated that the doubled...
Genetic variability of Ethiopian fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) landraces
February 2012
Keeping in view the lack of information on genetic diversity in Ethiopian, 144 random samples of fenugreek accessions with standard check were used to determine the extent and pattern of genetic diversity and associations with their geographic origins.The field experiment was conducted at Adadi and Ambo during 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons. Treatments were arranged in a 12 ×12 simple lattice...
Identification of best heterotic crosses for yield and water use efficiency traits in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
January 2012
A set of 28 crosses involving 8 parents were studied to get the information on the extent of heterosis over mid parent, better parent and standard parent for yield and physiological attributes. The maximum better parent heterosis for pod yield was observed to be 92.73% and that of mid parent and standard parent was found to be 101.52 and 108.54% respectively. TIR-25 x TCGS-647, TPT-4 x TIR-25, K-1375 x...
Cross-species amplification of 349 melon (Cucumis melo L.) microsatellites in gherkin (Cucumis anguria L.)
January 2012
Gherkin (Cucumis anguria L.), also known as West Indian gherkin, burr gherkin, and maxixe, is mainly cultivated and consumed in India, Brazil, and the United States. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is a highly desirable tool for gherkin breeding, because gherkin cultivation generally requires time, labor, and space. However, few DNA markers for gherkin have been reported. Cross-species amplification of...
Current progress of biosafe selectable markers in plant transformation
January 2012
Plant transformation plays a crucial role in modern plant breeding system, leading to the improvement of agronomical traits and fundamental studies of plant science. To develop an efficient and reliable transformation approach, selectable marker is the prerequisite and extremely useful in enabling successful transformation. A number of environmental safe and user-friendly selectable marker genes have been...
Transformation of chickpea lines with Cry1X using in planta transformation and characterization of putative transformants T1 lines for molecular and biochemical characters
December 2011
The transgenic plants of the chickpea (cicer arietinum) cv. KAK-2 expressing a Bt gene, were generated using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation system. A tissue culture-independent transformation method, in planta which targets the A. tumefaciens to the apical meristem was used in this study. The protocol involves in planta inoculation of the embryo...
Agronomic performance of five varieties of annual wormwood (Artemisia annua L.) in the humid tropics of Ghana
December 2011
The agronomic performance of five varieties of Artemisia annua was assessed in the humid tropics of Ghana at the Agriculture Research Station, Anwomaso during the 2008 major growing season. The experiment also examined the effects of variation in the stage of harvest on the plant growth traits and yield. The randomized complete block design was used with five A. annua varieties (New...
Morpho-biochemical variability and selection strategies for the germplasm of Fritillaria roylei Hook (Liliaceae) -an endangered medicinal herb of western Himalaya, India
December 2011
Fritillaria roylei Hook. (Liliacece) is an important medicinal herb of the Astavarga group, distributed in sub-alpine to alpine regions of the Himalayas. Its bulbs are an important constituent of many medicines and health tonics. Over exploitation for medicinal uses has decreased the availability of F. roylei in natural habitats and brought this species into endangered, making conservation and...
Nutrient and mineral elements levels in four indigenous tree seeds in Sokoto State, Nigeria
December 2011
This study was conducted at Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria to determine the nutrient composition of four tree seeds. The tree species served as treatments and were replicated four times in a completely randomized design. The seeds of the four tree species randomly selected were analysed for the nutrient and mineral elements. The results showed that; highest moisture and fat contents of 13.75 and...
Effect of phosphorus and organic matter on phosphorus status of winter wheat at different part and growth stages
December 2011
Knowledge about nutrient demands of plants at different growth stages is important in scheduling the fertilizer application. This study was conducted to determine the influence of three phosphorus (P) levels [0, 25, and 50 mg kg-1 soil as (Ca (H2PO4)2] and two organic matter (OM) levels (0 and 2% w/w as feedlot cattle manure) on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) characteristics and P status in...
Genotype by trait relations of yield and yield components in aromatic peppers (Capsicum annuum) based on GT biplot
November 2011
Drastic changes in random environment and lack of cultivar evaluation and multiple trait assessment across years are major constraints to pepper breeding in derived savanna agro-ecology. Ten genotypes of aromatic pepper grown in randomized complete block design were used to investigate the genotype by trait (GT) biplot analysis and to examine its effectiveness in visualizing fresh fruit yield and yield...
Winter wheat cultivars responses to allelopathic potential of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum Koch) extracts
November 2011
Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to examine the effects of allelopathic potential of wild barley shoot and root extracts on seed germination and seedling growth of five winter wheat cultivars. Plant materials containing 1.8, 3.6, 5.4, 7.2, 9.0 g shoot, and 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 g root were soaked in distilled water for 24 h. Then, the extracts were collected and filtered. Shoot and root extracts...
Phenomic analyses of Indian and exotic accessions of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
November 2011
A phenomic approach was undertaken to characterize seventy one accessions of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) procured from India, Venezuela and USDA following the descriptor of NBPGR and IPGRI. The phenotypic traits varied extensively and the degree of polymorphism was highest in case of seed coat colour while few traits exhibited only binary type character state. Morphological observation...
Anti-nutritional factors as screening criteria for some diseases resistance in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes
November 2011
Since sesame genotypes differed significantly in the levels of anti-nutritional factors (phytate, trypsin inhibitor and tannins), these anti-nutritional factors were examined as screening criteria for diseases resistance. Forty eight sesame genotypes from different sources were grown in soil infested by Fusarium oxysporum (FOS) and Macrophomina...
Characterization of okra (Abelmoschus spp. L.) germplasm based on morphological characters in Ghana
November 2011
Twenty five accessions of okra collected in Ghana were evaluated for phenotypic identity, diversity and quality based on morphological characters. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics were measured and scored as specified by the standard international crop descriptor for okra. A dendrogram was generated for morphological data based on the simple matching coefficient, and four cluster groups were...
Chemical composition of essential oils of two cultivated Eucalyptus species from the central Iran
November 2011
The chemical composition of essential oils of leaves of two cultivated species,Eucalyptus loxophleba Benth. and Eucalyptus leocoxylon F. Muell. in the central of Iran were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography, using flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. A total of thirty nine compounds representing 98.0% of total oil have been identified in the oil...
Studies on genetic architecture of biparental progenies for important yield attributes in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
October 2011
An experiment was conducted to develop and evaluate the biparental progenies (BIPs) for important yield component traits in three rice cross combinations, namely, JGL 384 × Rasi (Cross I), KJTCMS 5B × IR 64 (Cross II), WGL 14 × Rasi (Cross III). Genetic analysis of biparental progenies revealed that, the traits, namely, days to 50% flowering, plant height and number of productive tillers per...
Variation and association among characters genetically related to yield and yield stability in Coffea canephora genotypes
October 2011
Water deficit stress is a main factor determining yield and yield stability in Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora P.). Studies were conducted to identify agronomic traits that offer genetic sources of drought tolerance associated with yields and yield stability. In a nine-year experiment, 18 genotypes were assessed for mean value and variation in three diverse environments, for nine vegetative traits, five...
Morphovariability and agronomic characteristics of soybean accessions from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR-Congo) gene pool
October 2011
Soybean [(Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is the most important grain legumes in the world in terms of total production. But only a fraction of its accessions has been characterizedbased on origin, morphometric traits, agronomic performance and seed composition. This crop is now cultivated to a very limited extent in twenty one sub-Saharan African countries. The main objective of the present study is to...
Performance of drought tolerant three-way and top cross maize hybrids in Sudan Savanna of North Eastern Nigeria
October 2011
Field experiments were conducted during the 2008 cropping season in two locations in Lokodisa, Gwoza Local Government Area and Sabongari in Damboa Local Government Area both in Borno State Nigeria. These two locations are both located within the Sudan Savanna agro-ecology of north-eastern Nigeria and the soil of the area is clay loam and are well drained. The study was conducted in order to evaluate the performance of...
In vitro explants regeneration of the grape ‘Wink’ (Vitis vinifera L. ‘Wink’)
October 2011
The effects of different hormones and their concentration combinations, different explant types, dark periods, on the regeneration of the grape ‘Wink’ was investigated using in vitro leaves, petioles, internodes and radicles. The results showed that of all the media prepared, the explants on following media produced the highest regeneration rate: 78.74±1.60% of the leave explants...
Assessment for drought adaptive and reproductive traits of field-planted upland rice genotypes in a derived savannah ecology
October 2011
A field study was conducted in derived savannah ecology to evaluate sixteen upland rice genotypes comprising breeding lines, recent releases and established cultivars for the effect of different rainfall-seasons on genotypic trait expression and to identify those harbouring drought adaptive characters. Plantings were done in the early and late rain seasons of 2006 and 2007, respectively. Data were collected...
Floral biology of Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc]
October 2011
Investigation on floral biology of twelve accessions of Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc] was carried out in the greenhouse of the School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria, in a completely randomized design with three replications. Significant varietal differences (P<0.05) were observed among the accessions in all...
Bio-economic assessment of chemical and non-chemical weed management strategies in dry seeded fine rice (Oryza sativa L.)
October 2011
Dry seeding of rice offers potential to be opted as a resource conservation technology but its sustainability is endangered by heavy weed infestation. Experiments were conducted during summer season of 2009 to look for effective and economically viable weed control method(s) in dry seeded rice. Four mulching materials of natural origin as sorghum, sunflower and wheat residues each soil incorporated at 8 t...
The effect of different nutrient solutions on some growth indices of greenhouse cucumber in soilless culture
October 2011
Today, greenhouse cultivation of vegetables, especially cucumber in soilless culture has been developed in different parts of the world. Soilless culture creates the possibility that farmers in a shorter time with less effort produce more yield. This research was done in the greenhouses center in Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan with three kinds of nutrient solutions and so completely randomized...
Genetic diversity and inbreeder specie of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees by randomly amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid (RAPD) and floral architecture analysis
October 2011
“Fha-Tha-Laai-Joan” (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees) is a medicinal plant that is, widely used in Thailand and some other countries for therapeutic value, but the lack of their genetic information may cause confusion in its utilization. The randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to identify and elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among 58 accessions...
Heterosis and combining ability analysis in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
September 2011
Heterosis and combining ability analysis were studied in a 7 × 7 diallel set of bread wheat. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed the presence of significant variance due to general combining ability (GCA) among the parents for all the traits, and due to specific combining ability (SCA) among the crosses for the all the traits except for number of tillers per plant, plant height and number of spikelets...
Evaluation of antifungal and antioxidative potential of hydrolytic products of glucosinolates from some members of Brassicaceae family
September 2011
The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate antioxidative and antifungal potential of hydrolytic products of glucosinolates. These two bioactivities were assessed in the seeds of the rocket salad, Indian rape, cabbage, cauliflower, knol-knol and radish using DPPH and disc diffusion assays. Alternaria alternata was used as test pathogen in disc diffusion assay. The antioxidative and...
Biochemical and molecular characterization of submergence tolerance in rice for crop improvement
September 2011
Submergence stress is considered as the third most important limitation of rice production contributing to its low productivity in lowland and rainfed ecosystem. Characterization of genotypes and using them in breeding programme is likely the best option to withstand submergence and stabilize productivity in these environments. However, progress in genotypes characterization has been slow but can...
Combing the monogenic and polygenic resistant genes to late blight in tomato
September 2011
Late blight is a serious disease affecting tomato production especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Twenty-five crosses were generated from ten diverse parents to combine both the horizontal and vertical late blight resistance genes of late blight. Five inbred lines with polygenic resistance genes derived from interspecific cross Solanum lycopersicum x S....
Bioassay study of fenugreek extract’s allelopathic effects on the germination and growth of several crops and weeds
September 2011
In order to study the extract effect of different parts of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L. (on germination of several crops and weeds, an experiment was conducted with completely randomized factorial design and 3 replications, in the laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, during 2010. The following four species were included: soybean (Glysin max), sesame (Sesamus...
Quantitative genetic analysis of flowering time, leaf number and photoperiod sensitivity in maize (Zea mays L.)
September 2011
Photoperiod sensitivity is a major difficulty of broadening the resources of breeding germplasms and widening the planting area of varieties in maize. The objective of this study was to dissect the quantitative genetic control of days to pollen shed (DPS), days to silking (DS), anthesis-silking interval (ASI), LNB (the leaf number below the top ear), LN (the total leaf number), and photoperiod sensitivity...
In-vitro culture of Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree) embryo
September 2011
In the time past, grafting buds from selected clones on seedlings or plants from seed orchards were used traditionally to propagate rubber trees. Selected seeds were frequently used because their level of resistance to diseases is known. Micro-propagation of rubber tree was the method used in the propagation of Hevea brasiliensis in this experiment, which is an approach different from the...
Analysis of variabilities in populations of Nardostachys jatamansi DC. in Garhwal Himalaya, India
September 2011
Nardostachys jatamansi DC. is an endangered medicinal and aromatic plant species. Considering the status and importance, there is an urgent need of its conservation, cultivation and crop improvement. Variability studies may serve as an important tool for effective conservation and crop improvement program. Therefore, germplasm was collected from different natural population and transplanted in...
Amylopectin molecular structure and functional properties of starch from three Ugandan cassava varieties
September 2011
Amylopectin molecular structure is a very important determinant of starch functional properties. The main purpose of this study was to determine the strength of the relationship between the amylopectin structure of starches from cassava varieties and their functional properties. TME14 had the highest (46.63%) proportion of A chains while Bamunanika had the lowest 42.27%. Bamunanika had the highest (23.33%)...
Genetic variability, stability and relationship among some Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp breeding lines
September 2011
The contribution of cowpea to food security in the sub-Sahara Africa is incontestably obvious. Ten genotypes of cowpea were evaluated in different environments to assess their variability and stability. The genotypes differed significantly (P≤0.05) with respect to all the eight phenotypic traits studied. Days from planting to first flower production and to first ripe pod showed the least coefficient of...
Genetic evidence of developmental components of parthenocarpy in Apomictic Musa species
August 2011
Apomixis and parthenocarpy are broadly botanically defined as embryo and seed, and fruit development respectively, in the absence of fertilization. The objectives of this study were to genetically elucidate the development of apomictic seed and parthenocarpic fruit development in Musa. Borneo and Calcutta 4 plants were vegetatively propagated and were assayed in replicates of 2 and 6, respectively at...
Management of inherent soil fertility of newly opened wetland rice field for sustainable rice farming in Indonesia
August 2011
Study on management of inherent soil fertility of newly opened wetland rice for sustainable rice farming in Indonesia was conducted in Bulungan District, from 2009 to 2010. The aims were to know the soil fertility status and properly manage its fertility status to improve rice yield and sustain rice farming. Six treatments were imposed including T0: farmers practices, T1: farmer practices + compost +...
Segregation of selected agronomic traits in six S1 cassava families
August 2011
Inbreeding of predominantly cross-pollinating crops is expected to result in the generation of progeny with reduced fitness and/or progeny with improved phenotypes. However, this effect is not well documented in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). In this study, S1 progeny from six cassava genotypes (I92/00067, TMS 30572, 95/SE-00036, NASE 4, MH95/0469 and Bamunanika) were examined for...
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