Multivariate analysis of agronomic and quality traits of hull-less spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
May 2010
A study was conducted to characterize a world collection of hull-less barley using multivariate traits. Significant variations were observed among genotypes in grain yield and grain physical characteristics. Genotypic as well as environmental effects were important for the variations occurred in chemical contents. Total phenolic content ranged from 166.0 to 295.0 mg/100 g ferulic acid equivalent. The total...
Cry 1Ac levels and biochemical variations in Bt cotton as influenced by tissue maturity and senescence
May 2010
Quantification of Cry 1Ac protein in two field-grown Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) cotton hybrids (MECH-184, RCH-2) was performed in relation to tissue maturity. Leaves of upper, middle and lower canopies and in bolls and bracts attached to the plant were chosen. Similar measurements were also made in fully mature tagged leaves attached to plants in the upper canopy and excised leaf discs. The leaf discs were...
Genetic variability among forty-three cassava genotypes in three agro-ecological zones of Nigeria
May 2010
Forty-three cassava genotypes were evaluated to assess genetic variability for root yield and its components at three locations (Ibadan, Mokwa and Onne) in Nigeria, during 2004 - 2005 cropping season. Data were collected for cassava mosaic disease (CMD), cassava bacterial blight (CBB), sprouting, plant height, root number, root weight, shoot weight and root dry matter. Genotype x location interaction was...
Genotype x environment interactions and heritability of quantitative resistance to net blotch in Tunisian barley
May 2010
A doubled-haploid barley population derived from a cross between the Tunisian cultivar ‘Roho’ and the local line ‘90’ was used to assess the genotype x environment interaction, heritability estimates and correlations between disease parameters of net blotch resistance at adult growth stage in three environments. Net blotch reaction was evaluated using the mass disease index, the area...
Genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium of two homologous genes to maize D8: Sorghum SbD8 and pearl millet PgD8
May 2010
Yield and yield stability of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.] are highly influenced by flowering time andphotoperiodic sensitivity in the arid to semi-arid regions of West and Central Africa.Photoperiodic sensitivity is the key adaptation trait of local landraces because it assures flowering at the end of the rainy season,...
Correlation and path coefficient analyses in sunflower
May 2010
Correlation and path coefficient analysis were studied in twenty four diverse genotypes of sunflower in order to understand the relationship and contribution on eight characters towards the grain yield. The yield kg per plant exhibits highly significant and positive correlation with number of seeds per head, head length in diameter and 1000-seed weight at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Path coefficient...
Assessment of dissimilar gamma irradiations on barley (Hordeum vulgare spp.)
April 2010
Hordeum vulgare (barley), is an important agricultural crop for food, feed and also has been used virtually worldwide as a model plant for biological research. It is a diploid crop with a low chromosome number (2n = 14) and targeted as a proper crop for intense research on mutagenesis, mutagens and mutants (Khattak and Klopfenstein, 1989). Recently, heavy-ion beams have been used as novel and efficient...
Genetic and environmental correlations between bean yield and agronomic traits in Coffea canephora
April 2010
Early identification and selection of genotypes with high yielding potential is a main breeding objective of Coffea canephora. Eighteen genotypes of C. canephora were assessed in three diverse environments over a 9-years period from 1996 to 2005. Genetic and environmental associations were assessed among 10 vegetative and five reproductive traits and yield. Genetic associations between yields over seven...
Behavioural pattern of upland rice agronomic parameters to variable water supply in Nigeria
April 2010
The response of rice crop to water application is of paramount importance to researchers as it helps in determining its agronomic development. The study was aimed at establishing the agronomic responses of rice crop to differential water supply. A two-year dry season experiment was conducted at the research farm of International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, IITA Ibadan, Nigeria. Two upland rice...
Estimation of genetic divergence among some cotton varieties by RAPD analysis
March 2010
Total genomic DNA from 15 cotton varieties were analysed to evaluate genetic diversity among them through random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, with 30 random decamer primers using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 370 bands were observed, with 12.3 bands per primer, of which 91.6% were polymorphic. OPM-16 produced the maximum number of fragments while the minimum number of fragments was...
Evaluation of intra- and inter-specific rice varieties adapted to valley fringe conditions in Burkina Faso
March 2010
The immense potential of the lowlands in Burkina Faso for durable intensification of rice cropping have not been realised due to biotic and abiotic stress constraints.To this end, the rice research program in Burkina Faso evaluated 16 intra-and inter-specific lowland progenies in 2002 and 2003. The aim of the study is to introduce new lowland NERICAs through a participatory approach and to identify ideotypes...
Studies on effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays, EMS and their combination in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill.]
March 2010
Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays, EMS and combined treatments was studied in terms of M2 (progenies) lethality and chlorophyll mutations in two cultivars of soybean (Pusa-16 and PK-1042). In general the frequencies of chlorophyll mutations were high in gamma rays and combined treatments. Four types of mutants viz., albina, xantha, chlorine and viridis were observed in the...
Epistasis and genotype-by-environment interaction of grain yield related traits in durum wheat
February 2010
Genetic control of the number of heads per plant, spikelets per spike and grains per spike was studied in two durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) crosses, Inrat 69/Cocorit71 and Karim/Ben Bechir, respectively. Separate analyses of gene effects were done using means of four generations (parents P1 and P2, F1, F2, and the two reciprocal BC1) at two sites. A three-parameter model was inadequate to explain all...
Effect of pre-treatment on isolated microspores culture ability in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum Desf.)
February 2010
The production of double haploids through androgenesis is used by breeders to produce homozygous lines in a single generation. Androgenesis can be achieved by isolated microspore culture, which, however, allows the production of green haploids with a very low efficiency. In order to improve the overall green haploid regeneration in durum wheat, we compare the efficiency of eight different...
Physicochemical and functional characteristics of cassava starch in Ugandan varieties and their progenies
January 2010
Due to poor root quality traits in improved, disease resistant cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) varieties and hence low acceptability among farmers, a study was undertaken to improve these varieties by crossing them with disease susceptible, farmer preferred local landraces. Five improved varieties and four local landraces were used and hybridisations among them were made in a poly-cross nursery...
Pollen behaviour and fertililization impairment in Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterrenea [L.] Verdc.)
January 2010
Two field experiments were conducted in April and August, 2007 cropping season at the Department of Crop Science research farm, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, to evaluate the pollen germination potentials and the pollen tube growth of thirteen bambara groundnut cultivars. The harvested pollen grains were exposed for 0, 5, 10 and 15 min durations to ambient conditions before in...
Sampling strategies for proper quantification of carotenoid content in cassava breeding
January 2010
Rapid-cycling recurrent selection has been implemented to produce cassava varieties that deliver provitamin A carotenoids to human populations that are affected by vitamin A deficiency. Rapid-cycling selection relies on quantification in just one plant per genotype. This study was conducted to assess the reliability of single-plant evaluations and the effect of age of the plant on...
Seed germination of java plum (Syzigium cumnii) in three provenances western Kenya
December 2009
Indigenous fruits are very important as sources of food security, balanced households nutrition. Deforestation poses a serious threat to their survival. Domestication of these trees can be successful only if successful propagation techniques are applied. In Kenya Syzigium cuminii has become a very important indigenous fruit tree for local consumption and income...
The somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from immature embryo of sweet corn inbred line
December 2009
Synthetic seed consisting of somatic embryos enclosed in protective coating are a suitable tool for clonal mass propagation of elite plant varieties. The in vitro study was aimed to evaluate the optimizing medium for sweet corn somatic embryogenesis, synthetic seed production which leads to increasing germination and seed viability percentage. The in...
Identification and genetic mapping of elongated uppermost internode gene ‘eui’ with microsatellite markers in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
December 2009
Development of cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines with elongated uppermost internode (EUI) trait is a desirable alternative to eliminate the use of GA3 in hybrid rice production. In this study, a simple and reliable PCR based, simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers was identified, for the eui gene to facilitate marker assisted selection (MAS). A total of 28 SSR markers, mapped in the vicinity of the...
Breeding for improved organoleptic and nutritionally acceptable green maize varieties by crossing sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata): Changes in quantitative and qualitative characteristics in F1 hybrids and F2 populations
November 2009
Reports of improvement in sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata) for grain yield and agronomic traits through introgression of genes from the field corn (Zea mays L.) are common in literature. However, few studies have reported improvement in field corn varieties for organoleptic and/or nutritional properties through the transfer of recessive alleles that condition sweetness in...
Optimization and development of regeneration and transformation protocol in Indian mustard using lectin gene from chickpea [Cicer arietinum (L.)]
November 2009
A simple and easy protocol for regeneration and genetic transformation ofBrassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss cv. Pusa bold has been developed. The optimum regeneration was found on combination of BAP (3.0 mg/l) and IAA (0.2 mg/l). The genetic transformation protocol has been standardized usingAgrobacterium tumefaciens (gv3101). Cotyledonary petioles used as explant were pre-cultured for 48 h...
Line x tester analysis across locations and years in Sudanese x exotic lines of forage sorghum
November 2009
Combining ability in forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] was not as much investigated as in grain sorghum. In the present study, 4 local stocks (Testers) and 7 exotic stocks in A3 cytoplasm were crossed in line x tester fashion to investigate combining ability in forage sorghum. The hybrids and their parents were evaluated across two years (2002 - 2003) and at two locations in Khartoum...
Grain yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.) as affected by crude oil in soil
November 2009
A field experiment on the effect of crude oil levels: 0.0 (control), 5.2, 10.4, 20.8 and 41.6 ml applied at different stages of growth on maize yield and yield attributes, with a view to making appropriate recommendation to maize growers in the oil producing areas of the Niger Delta, was conducted in Ozoro, Delta State during the 2003 and 2004 cropping seasons. Seven maize varieties: Composite (suwan 1),...
Decreased row spacing as an option for increasing maize (Zea mays L.) yield in Trans Nzoia district, Kenya
October 2009
Maize yield trend has been declining in recent past. Farmers in Trans Nzoia District rarely intercrop maize with other crops like beans. With good nutrition and favourable weather conditions, decreased maize row spacing can maximise maize production per unit land area by increasing plant population density, optimal light interception and nutrient uptake. The experiment was carried out during the long rain...
Comparison of predicted responses to three types of recurrent selection procedures for the improvement of a maize (Zea mays L.) population
October 2009
A maize population was subjected to three different selection procedures to determine the best method for its improvement in a study conducted at Ibadan, Nigeria. Considerable genetic variability existed within the population for effective selection for each of the traits considered, using any of the procedures namely full-sib, half-sib and S1 family selection. Heritability estimates were from moderate to...
Super nitro plus influence on yield and yield components of two wheat cultivars under NPK fertilizer application
October 2009
To evaluate the beneficial impact of biological and chemical fertilizers application on wheat (Triticum aestivum) some yield characters were investigated. Our objective in this study was the interactive effects of biofertilizer (BF) and chemical fertilizer (CF) applications on: quantity yield at Iran in 2006. In this respect, the experimental unit...
Galinsoga ciliata (RAF.) S. F. Blake (Asteraceae): A new species for the flora of Macedonia
September 2009
Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) S. F. Blake (Asteraceae) is recorded for the first time for the flora of Macedonia. Genus Galinsoga Ruiz and Pavon in Macedonia is represented with the unique species Galinsoga parviflora Cav. During the research of this genus in Macedonia, another new species, G. ciliata (Raf.) S.F. Blake, was recognized which represents a new species for...
Morphological distinctiveness and metroglyph analysis of fifty accessions of West African okra (Abelmoschus caillei) (A. Chev.) Stevels
September 2009
The Morphological uniqueness and metroglyph analysis of 50 accessions of West African okra (Abelmoschus caillei (A Chev.) Stevels) were assessed under three agro-ecological environments at Abeokuta, Ibadan and Mokwa in Nigeria. They were grown in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications; data were collected on 5 randomly selected plants from each plot. Data on twenty-one agronomic...
Review article: Quality protein maize (QPM): Genetic manipulation for the nutritional fortification of maize
August 2009
Cereals are the only source of nutrition for one-third of worlds population especially in developing and underdeveloped nations of Sub-Saharan Africa and South-east Asia . The three major cereals, rice, wheat and maize constitute about 85% of total global cereals production amounting to about 200 million tonnes of protein harvest annually at an average of 10% protein content, out of which a sizeable...
A study on stigma receptivity of cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile lines of pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.
August 2009
Stigma receptivity in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] was studied using 2 male-sterile lines (ICPA 2039 and ICPA 2043) under field conditions. An experiment was conducted to observe the stigma receptive period at Nanning (22°N 108°E) in Southern China. The study revealed that the stigma was receptive 48 h before flower opening and continued up 4 days after flower opening. The peak stigma...
Phenotypic variation of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) on farms and in the gene bank in Cameroon
August 2009
A survey was undertaken in the 2 major cocoa producing areas (Southern and Western) of Cameroon to study the morphological diversity existing in cacao farms in relation to genetic diversity in gene bank accessions. A total of 300 farm accessions (FA) were selected in the field which were compared to 77 gene bank accessions distributed into 4 groups (AGs) according to their origin. The 17 quantitative and...
Compatibility, production of interspecific F1 and BC1 between improved CMS Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis and B. oleracea var. acephala
August 2009
The interspecific cross between improved cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis (Lour.) Olsson and B. oleracea var.acephala DC. aims to obtain kale male sterile lines and enrich Chinese cabbage genetic resources. The results indicated that...
Genetic variation of 1RS arm between sibling wheat lines containing 1BL.1RS translocation
July 2009
3 sets of sibling 1BL.1RS translocation wheat lines (each set containing 2 sibling lines) derived from 3 different F4 single plant. Between 2 sibling wheat lines, different resistance to powdery mildew was observed. In addition, different bands in α-gliadin mobility zone between 2 sibling wheat lines were also significantly observed by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE)....
Comparative analysis of genetic and morphologic diversity among quinoa accessions (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) of the South of Chile and highland accessions
July 2009
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a widely consumed food crop and a primary protein source for many of the indigenous inhabitants of the Andean region in South America. Identification of quinoa cultivars has been based on phenotypic characters. In the present work, the level of polymorphism and the genetic relationship were studied by means of molecular markers using the amplified fragment...
Interactive effects of P supply and drought on root growth of the mycorrhizal coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)
July 2009
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are among the most important plant root symbiosis fungi enhancing plant P uptake. This research was conducted in Iran during 2006. The experimental design was a split factorial on the basis of completely randomized block design with four replicates. The control and AM species, Glomus hoi were assigned to the main plots and the...
Absorption spectrum estimating rice chlorophyll concentration: Preliminary investigations
July 2009
Our objective in this study was to develop spectral absorption indices for prediction of leaf chlorophyll concentration based on blue/yellow/red/ edge absorption spectrum. Two field experiments were conducted to study the response of chlorophyll index based on leaf absorption spectra to chlorophyll concentration in rice. The ultimate, penultimate and third expanded leaves were sampled for...
Genetic diversity of salt tolerance rice landraces in Vietnam
July 2009
A collection of 200 salt tolerance rice landraces was assed for genetic diversity using quantitative agro-morphological characters. ANOVA showed highly significant differences (LSD 0.01) among the traits assessed such as grain length, grain width, number of unfilled grains, 1000-grain weight, leaf length and leaf width except panicles per plant and yield. Correlation coefficients showed that all the traits were highly...
Comparing the yield components of three most popular commercial watermelon cultivars in Kenya with one newly introduced cultivar and one landrace
June 2009
High yield is a major goal for watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) breeders. The objective of this study was to compare the yield components of some watermelon accessions available in Kenya and to identify high yielding accession(s) for recommendation to Kenyan growers and for use in breeding programs. A field trial involving five cultivated watermelon accessions in Kenya namely...
Combining ability for maize grain yield in striga endemic and non-endemic environments of the southern guinea savanna of Nigeria
June 2009
Combining ability studies for maize grain yield and other agronomic characters were carried out using ten open-pollinated maize varieties and their 45 F1 hybrids in a Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth endemic zone (Shonga) and non-endemic zone (Ilorin) in Kwara State, Nigeria, during the 2005 cropping season. Bothgeneral combining ability (gca) and specific combining ability (sca)...
Assessment of intervarietal differences in drought tolerance in chickpea using both nodule and plant traits as indicators
June 2009
5 lines of Tunisian varieties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) inoculated withMesorhizobium ciceri UPMCa7 were monitored during the vegetative stage on sterilized sandy soil. 2 levels of soil moisture were compared (100 and 33% of field capacity). The work was aimed at assessing the relative tolerance of these lines to drought and then, to research relationships between the level of sensitivity of...
Identification of PCR-based DNA markers flanking three low phytic acid mutant loci in barley
June 2009
Phytic acid (PA) is the most abundant form of phosphorus (P) in cereal grains. PA chelates mineral cations to form an indigestible salt and is thus regarded as an antinutritional agent and a contributor to water pollution. Grain with low phytic acid (lpa) genotypes could aid in mitigating this problem. In barley, more than 20 lpa mutant lines have been isolated, representing at least 6 different genetic...
Allelopathic and antifungal potentialities of Padina pavonica (L.) extract
June 2009
In this study, potential allelopathic of a brown alga Padina pavonica (L) was evaluated. Aqueous extracts of the alga obtained at room temperature / 24 h (E1), 50°C / 4 h (E2) and 100°C / 2 h (E3) were tested on the germination and early growth of crop plants and growth of three fungal strains: Fusarium graminearum,Penicillium expansum and Alternaria...
Natural incidence and infectivity level of three nepoviruses in ornamental crops in Iran
May 2009
Damage to ornamental crops by nepoviruses has occurred sporadically in Iran in the past. However, since 2006, outbreaks of nepoviruses have been recorded every year. The most affected ornamental crops were surveyed in two main cultivation areas in provinces of Markazi (Mahallat) and Tehran in 2006 - 2007. In all, 420 samples (with or without any conspicuous virus symptoms) were collected and analyzed by...
The effect of fosetyl-Al application on stomata in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plant
May 2009
In this study, a fungicide namely Aliette WG 800 (80% Fosetyl-Al) was pulverized on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown under greenhouse conditions and the likely effects of this fungicide on stomata of tomato were examined. Applications of Fosetyl-Al were carried out at recommended dosage (200 g/100 L water) as given on the label and two fold higher (400 g/100 L water) dosages. The fungicide...
Status of macadamia production in Kenya and the potential of biotechnology in enhancing its genetic improvement
May 2009
Macadamia (Macadamia spp.) is considered the world’s finest dessert nut because of its delicate taste and numerous health benefits. It is grown in Kenya both as a cash crop and foreign exchange earner with Kenya producing about 10% of the world’s total production. Macadamia has great potential for poverty reduction due to the high value of its products and its low requirement for external...
Grain filling rate is limited by insufficient sugar supply in the large-grain wheat cultivar
May 2009
Wheat grain yield can be limited by source, sink or by both. Inconsistency of the previous results reflects the interactions between genotypes and environments. In north China where the hot, dry wind was frequent during grain filling, new winter wheat cultivars with large grains suffer from loss of grain weight quite often because the grain filling rate (GFR) is low. In the present study, the carbohydrate...
Indigenous pest and disease management practices in traditional farming systems in north east India. A review
May 2009
Traditional farming system is an ecologically based age-old farming system developed by ancient farmers through generations of their interaction with nature and natural resources for food, fodder and fiber. Indigenous knowledge is the knowledge of the indigenous people inhabiting different geographical regions of the world with their own language, culture, tradition, belief, folklore, rites and rituals. This...
Intercropping and its application to banana production in East Africa: A review
April 2009
Bananas are very important in Kenya for domestic consumption and export. They are extensively grown where they are mainly intercropped with short term crops. There has been an increase in the grower interest in using intercropping-growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same land in the development of new cropping systems for their land. Intercropping could reduce management inputs and result in...
Genetic yield stability in some sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) hybrids under different environmental conditions of Sudan
April 2009
Nineteen locally developed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids and an introduced one (Hysun 33) were evaluated at two irrigated locations, New Halfa and Rahad for two consecutive seasons (2003/04 and 2004/05) in order to estimate stability of performance for seed yield per ha (t). A randomized complete block design with four replicates was applied at each location. Data on seed yield was collected....
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