Articles
Page 1 of 1199, showing 50 records out of 59911 total, starting on record 1, ending on 50
November 2020
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Assessment of the heavy metal - levels in the incinerators bottom-ash from different hospitals in Dares Salaam
Understanding content of bottom ashes from incinerator especially toxic heavy metals is an important step towards ash utilization. The aim of this paper was to evaluate heavy metals levels of in bottom-ash from hospital waste incinerators in four different hospitals in Dar es Salaam city (Muhimbili National Hospital and three regional referral hospitals Mwananyamala Ilala and Temeke) in Dar es Salaam city, Tanzania. It...
November 2020
African Journal of Food Science
Pesticide residues in locally produced grape wine in Tanzania: a case study of Dodoma urban and Bahi districts
The aim of this study was to assess the level of pesticide residues in locally produced grape wine in Tanzania. Fifty samples of grape wine from different locations in Dodoma urban and Bahi district were analyzed to determine the presence of 49 pesticides using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) multi-residue extraction, followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS)....
November 2020
African Journal of Food Science
Biochemical composition of Saba senegalensis fruits from Burkina Faso
The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical characteristics of the fresh pulp and the dried hulls of Saba senegalensis fruits collected in seven localities of Burkina Faso. The biochemical composition of the samples was determined using standards methods. Results showed that the pulp presented mean values of 83.23%, 18.74%, 2.83 and 4.48 for moisture, Brix, pH and titratable acidity, respectively. Based on...
November 2020
African Journal of Food Science
Changes in physicochemical properties and bioactive compounds of tomato pulp submitted to different processing techniques
Tomato is a vegetable/fruit highly consumed all other the world. This study was to assess the effect of some postharvest processing such as thermal treatment, microwave, ultrasound and ultrasound combined with heat treatment on some physicochemical characteristics as well as nutrients content of tomato pulp during storage at room temperature. Results showed that the pulp samples submitted to ultrasonic and microwave...
November 2020
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research
Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of Garcinia Kola Heckle fruit mesocarp
The phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract of Garcinia kola fruit mesocarp were investigated against four bacteria and two fungi in the study. The extract was investigated for the presence of phytochemicals using standard phytochemical screening methods. The results revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, and reducing sugar. The...
November 2020
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research
Inhibitory effects of Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan stem bark extract on α-glucosidase activity and oxidative stress
In this study, we investigated the promising potential of Anadenanthera colubrina bark extract (BEAc) as a product to combat diabetes mellitus (DM). We evaluated the inhibitory effects of BEAc on α-glucosidase and the oxidation of biomolecules, as well as its main phytoconstituents. In terms of free radical scavenging, BEAc exhibited a dose-effect relationship. BEAc was more efficient than rutin and butylated...
November 2020
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research
Lavandula angustifolia aqueous extract ameliorates anxiety and depressive-like behaviors in chronic mild stress-treated male rats
The study aims to show the possible anxiolytic and antidepressant-like properties of an oral lavender’s flower aqueous extract (LAE) in chronic mild stress (CMS) model of rats. Test and control rats received LAE (200 or 400 mg/ kg) and distilled water respectively. Tests of Sucrose preference (SP), elevated plus maze (EPM), and open field (OFT) were used to evaluate rats’ behavioral changes. The...
November 2020
African Journal of Food Science
Conceptualization and designing of a beef quality determination framework based on beef supply chain in Tanzania
A framework for determining the quality of beef was developed based on the assessment of Beef Supply Chain (BSC) between the slaughter and retail points. In this respect, slaughtering, distribution, retailing and consumer preferences models were developed for assessing the beef processing designed features (BPDFs) across the BSC specifically in Slaughtering Facilities (SFs), Beef Distributing Facilities (BDFs), and Beef...
October 2020
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research
Anticonvulsant activities of friedelan-3-one and n-dotriacontane both isolated from Harungana madagascariensis Lam (Hypericaceae) seeds extracts
Chemical investigation of the crude methanol/methylene chloride (1:1) extract of the seeds of Harungana madagascariensis resulted in the isolation of two known compounds namely n-dotriacontane and friedelan-3-one. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined on the basis of 1D NMR spectroscopy and comparison with literature data. The crude extract and the two compounds were evaluated for their anticonvulsant...
October 2020
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research
Hypoglycaemic effects of Salvia officinalis extracts on alloxan-induced diabetic Swiss albino mice
Diabetes mellitus is the fourth killer disease globally. The available management strategies are quite expensive and sometimes unsafe. This necessitates the need for bio-active drugs from medicinal plants. Although Salvia officinalis (sage) is used in herbal medicine, the scientific validation for anti-diabetic effects of various extracts has been elusive. The present study aimed to determine and compare the...
October 2020
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research
Eerdun Wurile protects neuron and promotes neurite outgrowth through regulation of apoptotic gene expression in PC-12 cells
Eerdun Wurile (EW) is one of the most widely used traditional Mongolian medicines for stroke recovery. Previous studies revealed that EW regulates brain gene expression in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). However, the fraction of active components and the specific genes regulated by such fractions have not been elucidated clearly. The study shows that the extracts of EW regulate the expression of...
October 2020
International Journal of Psychology and Counselling
Classification of posttraumatic stress disorder and its evolution in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria
The purpose of this review is to provide an historical understanding of post- traumatic stress disorder. The concept of trauma is changing drastically in every publication or revision of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The underlying dimensions of trauma are also under constant consideration. Thus, the paper would provide some historical background of trauma nomenclature. This will enable the...
October 2020
African Journal of Biochemistry Research
Antimalarial pyronaridine resistance may be associated with elevated MDR-1 gene expression profiles but not point mutation in Plasmodium berghei ANKA isolates
The selection of resistance is inevitable whenever chemotherapy is necessary for pathogen control. Notably, Plasmodium falciparum has developed multifaceted means to overcome the toxicity of nearly all antimalarial medicines. To bypass this challenge, not only should novel drugs be developed, but the resistance mechanisms to new and existing drugs need should be fully explored. Pyronaridine is a companion drug in...
October 2020
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research
Larvicide and repellent activity of Hypenia irregularis (Benth.) Harley in the alternative control of mosquito Aedes aegypti
Dengue is an emerging epidemic disease and among those transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, it is the one with the highest number of cases and cases with death. With the wide dissemination of the beneficial effects of medicinal plants and the use in agriculture as a pesticide, studies on the prospection of plants with toxic activity have been increasing, highlighting extracts and essential oils. The objective of...
October 2020
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research
Future molecular medicine from white frangipani (Plumeria alba L.): A review
White frangipani (Plumeria alba L.) is tropical and subtropical plants, have been familiar used in many traditional medication as well as aromatherapy, especially for the flower part. Scientific study, but was not so many, reporting some pharmacological and toxicological effects of this plant which lead to more depth study at molecular level. This review describes the pharmacological and toxicological effect of the...
October 2020
African Journal of Biochemistry Research
Sub-acute and protective effect of Cymbopogon citratus against carbon tetrachloride-induced
liver damage
The study evaluates the sub-acute toxicity and antioxidant potential of ethanolic leaf extract of Cymbopogon citratus against CCl4-induced toxicity in Sprague Dawley rats. The ethanolic leaf extract of C. citratus was prepared by solvent maceration method. The phytochemicals present in the extract were determined using standard methods. The potential sub-acute toxicities were evaluated using OECD procedure. The...
October 2020
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Bamboo diversity and carbon stocks of dominant species in different agro-ecological zones in Cameroon
Bamboo is of ecological and socio-economic importance in the world. However, knowledge on its potential in climate change mitigation remains superficial in Cameroon. The present study identified bamboo diversity and estimated carbon stocks of the dominant species in Cameroon. Ground truth method and local informants were used for a bamboo species survey in five Agro-ecological zones (AEZs). Twenty-two circular plots of...
October 2020
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research
Evaluation of antioxidant and protective effect against genotoxic damage of two extracts of chaya leaves (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius)
Stress, excessive consumption of processed foods, pollutants and many other factors of today's life have caused oxidative stress in our body and damage to genetic material in our cells, leading to diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, cancer, metabolic syndrome, among others. Medicine has returned to take up traditional remedies mainly in plants. Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) has been studied in this regard,...
October 2020
International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation
Community dependency and perceptions of a protected area in a threatened ecoregion of Myanmar
Local communities living adjacent to protected areas (PA) play a vital role in biodiversity conservation. Understanding communities’ use and perceptions of a PA will increase its conservation effectiveness through reducing anthropogenic pressures and improving park-people relationship. This study assessed local communities’ dependency on the PA and perceptions of benefits and costs accrued from the PA. Using...
October 2020
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research
Antibacterial activities of ethyl acetate and methanol leaf extracts of Psidium guajava and Carica papaya on bacterial pathogens isolated from manual toothbrushes
Toothbrush has become a potential source of infection, owing to contamination by various pathogens as a result of poor oral hygiene awareness and practices. This study investigated the antibacterial activities of ethyl acetate and methanol leaf-extracts of Psidium guajava (guava) and Carica papaya (paw-paw) on bacteria pathogens isolated from toothbrushes. A total of 100 manual used toothbrushes of different brands were...
October 2020
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research
Optimization by mixture design of the antimicrobial activities of five selected essential oils
The individual antimicrobial activities of essential oils have been reported by many authors. However, there is little information about the effects of their mixtures in order to maximize their effect and reduce the growing resistance of pathogens to existing medicines. So, the aim of this work is to optimize the antibacterial and antifungal activities of essential oils from Plectranthus glandulosus, Ocimum gratissimum,...
October 2020
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Advancing climate change adaptation in Uganda’s agricultural programming for sustainable development: Key milestones and constraints
Climate change remains a crucial threat to sustainable development, particularly to the farming communities, which are more vulnerable to climate impacts. Uganda has made commendable steps in building an institutional framework for addressing climate change. However, the framework remains scattered in several documents making it difficult to track and conceptualize. This paper provides a one-stop center for...
October 2020
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Assessment of air pollutant emissions from healthcare waste incinerators of different design features
The aim of this paper was to e valuate the levels of gaseous emissions from four different healthcare wastes incinerators in three regional hospitals and one national hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The incinerators studied differ in terms of capacity (kg/h) and design features. Five gaseous air pollutants (CO, CO2, NOx, and SO2) were analyzed in the sampled flue gases using a portable desktop combustion gas...
October 2020
African Journal of Business Management
How empathy, social contracts and deep conversations are helping companies in Kenya overcome the disruptive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted market trading activity around the world. The pandemic has disabled supply chains and forced businesses to look for pragmatic ways to keep their doors open. Companies have suspended business commitments citing the force majeure clause. The resulting tension in companies is a hotbed for rising confusion and turmoil. With businesses facing imminent closure and potentially...
October 2020
Journal of Economics and International Finance
The effect of monetary policy and inflation on the exchange rate: A case study of Ghana
The Ghanaian Cedi has recently experienced persistent depreciation against its major trading partners. This paper investigates the contribution of inflation and monetary policy in this persistent depreciation. The paper makes use of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Bounds test of cointegration and the Toda and Yamamoto (1995) Augmented Granger Causality test to determine the long and short-run dynamics of...
October 2020
Journal of Economics and International Finance
Financial sector readiness to support economic activities under COVID-19: The case of African continent
Organizational readiness for change is considered a critical precursor to the successful implementation of complex changes. Indeed, some suggest that failure to establish sufficient readiness accounts for one-half of all unsuccessful, large-scale organizational change efforts. The African economy and the world at large are at brink of economic depression as result of devastating effect of COVID-19. However, it is...
October 2020
International Journal of Psychology and Counselling
Loss and grief counseling as a coping mechanism of widowhood: A comparative study of widowers and widows in Meru County Kenya
Widowhood has been on increase globally and Kenya as nation is not exceptional. The state of widowhood globally has been made worse during this period of Corona Virus Disease which started in Wuhan in China in December 2019 (WHO, 2019). Losing a spouse through death is quite emotive and may affect the bereaved persons’ psychosocial wellbeing as well as coping mechanism. In Meru community of Kenya, few researches...
October 2020
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Occurrence dynamics of nitrogen compounds in faecal sludge stabilisation ponds in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana
Faecal sludge, with richness in soil nutrients represents an important resource for enhancing soil productivity. In this study, the occurrence dynamics of nitrogen compounds NH3, NO2- and NO3- in engineered waste stabilisation ponds in the Tamale metropolis was monitored for 5 months in the dry season. Four treatment ponds were divided into three units: Influent point, midpoint and effluent point for sampling purposes....
October 2020
International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation
Small mammal community demography and reproductive seasonality under protection, pastoralism and agriculture in the Serengeti Ecosystem, Tanzania
This work examined population demography and reproductive seasonality among small mammals under protection, pastoralism and agriculture in the Serengeti Ecosystem in 2017 and 2018. Small mammals were trapped to quantify variation in the proportions of actively breeding individuals, juvenile recruitment and adult sex ratio across land use types and seasons. Breeding peaked in the wet season, reflecting a corresponding...
October 2020
International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation
Typology of cocoa-based agroforestry systems of the semi-deciduous forest zone in Togo (West Africa)
In the tropical zone, cocoa-based agroforest systems (CAFS) are considered as a mean to maintain and conserve biodiversiy. In the sub-humid zone of Togo (West Africa), agroforest plant species are key components of the landscape and agricultural lands. Cocoa and coffee agroforest systems contribute directly and indirectly to the livelihoods of an estimated one million people in Togo. Despite this fact, there is only few...
October 2020
Journal of Economics and International Finance
Assessment on the roles of information technology in improving the customer satisfaction and employee performance of commercial banks: The case of Dashen and United Bank Branches in Mizan-Aman, Southwestern Ethiopia
The study was conducted with the major objective of assessing the impact of IT on the performance of commercial banks in Ethiopia. In order to accomplish its general objective, the study attempted to evaluate the effects of IT on customer satisfaction, employee performance as well as bank revenue. The three dimensions were used as crucial indicators of the impact of IT on overall bank performance. Two cross-sectional...
October 2020
African Journal of Food Science
Proximate and phytochemical composition of selected indigenous leafy vegetables consumed in Malawi
Indigenous vegetables are very important in nutritional wellbeing of low resource rural communities especially in developing countries. Most indigenous vegetables are also believed to contain health promoting compounds such as antioxidants. In this study, nutrient composition of three commonly consumed indigenous leafy vegetables in Malawi namely Amaranth (Amaranthus species), Black jack (Bidens pilosa) and Mwamuna...
October 2020
African Journal of Food Science
Consumers’ acceptability of extruded maize-sorghum composite flours fortified with grain amaranth, baobab and orange fleshed sweet potatoes
Porridge is a popular cereal flour-based food product for children in Sub-Saharan Africa. Compositing of cereal flours to improve their nutritional composition is done. However, the enrichment of such flours with naturally nutrient-rich plant products is poorly developed. A study was conducted to evaluate the acceptability and sensory attributes of newly formulated extruded composite flours containing maize, sorghum,...
October 2020
African Journal of Food Science
Relationship of household diversity dietary score with, caloric, nutriment adequacy levels and socio-demographic factors, a case of urban poor household members of charity, Constantine, Algeria
This study was conducted to assess dietary diversity of Algerian urban poor household with household dietary diversity (HDDS) and to study its relationship with nutrient adequacy level and socio-demographic factors. A survey was followed by three 24 h dietary recalls during one year, with household’s members of charity in Constantine. Qualitative method has been realised using household dietary diversity score and...
October 2020
International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation
Effect of pesticide use on weeds, pollinators and microbial activity in Nzoia Sugar Basin of Western Kenya
Diversity of flowering plants, pollinators and microbial activity was assessed in five farms of Nzoia Sugar Company and one outgrower farm in Western Kenya. The overarching study objective was to determine differences in species diversity in the sugar farms using agrochemicals and those not using. To sample flowering plants, transects were laid along sugar farms with quadrats 20 m apart. Sweep nets captured fauna flying...
October 2020
African Journal of Business Management
Sovereign debt crisis and capital structure decisions of firms in GIPSI countries
This quantitative study examines the reasons for changes in the leverage levels of the firms in GIPSI countries (Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, and Italy), following the development of the sovereign debt crisis that began in 2009. This research belongs to the empirical literature studying the effects on firm leverage of reduced bank credit supply caused by that crisis. For all the sample firms and for each firm...
October 2020
African Journal of Food Science
A review of explored uses and study of nutritional potential of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) in Northern Ghana
Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) is increasingly becoming a commercially important underutilized tree crop worldwide. Due to its multi-purpose use and market demand the tree and its processed products are been traded in many towns and villages. Despite its potential, major setbacks are the lack of knowledge on its uses and nutritional potential within the Ghanaian context. This study reviews and exposes the beneficial...
October 2020
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy
Bioactive compounds and antimicrobial potential of the roots extract of Anogeissus leiocarpa, a chewing stick used for oral care in Benin Republic
Chewing stick are still used in developing countries for oral hygiene in other to prevent oral diseases. But still, few is known about their phytochemical potential and antimicrobial activity. The present work was devoted to one of these plants used in the Republic of Benin, namely the root of Anogeissus leiocarpa. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods were used for...
October 2020
African Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
Prevalence and identification of fungi associated with Tinea capitis in school children of Morogoro municipality, Tanzania
Tinea capitis is one of the major common skin diseases affecting school-age children in developing countries, whose prevalence and associated fungi have not been fully investigated in these countries. This study investigated the prevalence and fungi associated with Tinea capitis infection amongst children attending selected schools in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted...
October 2020
African Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
Assessment of the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS in the city of Lubumbashi, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
Worldwide coverage of anti-retroviral treatment has extended life expectancy of people living with HIV and AIDS. The expanded survival time brings into play the patients’ quality of life, on which little data is available in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was administered to 249 patients, mostly females (65%), attending a dedicated centre for the treatment and comprehensive support...
October 2020
Journal of Metabolomics and Systems Biology
1H NMR urine metabolomics is an effective prognostic indicator in acute spinal cord injury (ASCI): A prospective case-control study
Acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) is an extremely overwhelming disease with high morbidity and mortality. Despite significant successes in understanding the pathophysiology of ASCI, little is known about limiting neurological damage and predicting recovery. Biofluid metabolomics by 1H NMR spectroscopy for metabolites quantification specific to nervous tissue injury may determine the injury and progression. This study...
October 2020
International Journal of Physical Sciences
River water lever sensor as river flood warning system
Senate Report recorded last 2013 show that tropical storms and floods are the principal disasters with 102 and 72 occurrences, respectively. Distinctly, flood is still one of the biggest problems of the country. Statistics shows that 31.9% of the natural disasters, which occur in the Philippines in the years 1990-2014, are attributed to flood related episodes with a mortality rate of 5.9%. The researchers seek to...
October 2020
International Journal of Physical Sciences
Optical and scanning kelvin probe microscopic characterization of sol-gel synthesized aluminum doped zinc cobalt ferrite nanoparticles
In this work, Zn1-xCoFe2AlxO4 (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) ferrites were synthesized using the sol-gel method. XRD analysis was done and confirmed the formation of spinel structure, where the particle size and lattice parameter decrease with increase of aluminum concentration. This may be attributed to a shift of the bigger Al3+ ions, from the tetrahedral to the octahedral sites, interchanging with smaller Zn2+...
October 2020
International Journal of Physical Sciences
Modification of plastic tank for bio-digestion of food wastes for biogas generation for cooking foods
The anaerobic states of the modified bio-digester and potentials of the generated biogas in cooking foods were evaluated. The study adopted experimental design. Data generated were analyzed using one - way analysis of variance and independent t-test. Carbon, free fatty acid, chemical and biochemical oxygen demand decreased significantly (p<0.05) while moisture and protein contents of the wastes increased...
October 2020
International Journal of Physical Sciences
Preparation of MWCNT/Ba0.2Sr0.2La0.6MnO3/PANI nanocomposites and investigation of its electromagnetic properties in KU-band
The aim of this study was enhanced the absorption of electromagnetic waves by nanocomposite containing polyaniline (PANI), functionalized multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the presence of magnetic Ba0.2Sr0.2La0.6MnO3 nanoparticles (NPs). At First MWCNTs was functionalized by 3:1 ratio of sulfuric and nitric acid, then functionalized MWCNTs was coated by NPs with the traditional sol-gel method. In the final step,...
October 2020
Journal of Economics and International Finance
Corporate governance and its effects on financial performance of banks evidence from selected private commercial banks in Ethiopia
Corporate governance is not an abstract goal but exists to serve corporate purposes by providing a structure within which stockholders, directors, and management can pursue most effectively the objectives of the corporation and thereby it maximize the financial performance of the company for its shareholders. This paper investigates and examines the corporate governance and its effects on financial performance from the...
October 2020
Journal of Economics and International Finance
Stability of money demand function in emerging Countries: Static and dynamic panel approaches
The purpose of this study is to investigate the stability of money demand function in emerging countries using the annual data over the period 1987 to 2018. The panel data was analyzed applying both static and dynamic panel models. With the static panel analysis, the random effect method is found to be an appropriate model to determine the factors that affect money demand in emerging countries. The findings of random...
October 2020
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy
Uncaria guianensis (Aubl.) J.F. Gmel. extracts reduce bronchial hyper responsiveness and inflammation in a murine model of asthma
Uncaria guianensis (Aubl.) J. F. Gmel. (“cat’s claw”, Rubiaceae) is a plant with potential to treat asthma because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two extracts of U. guianensis in an animal model of allergic asthma. Balb/c mice were sensitized twice with ovalbumin intraperitoneally one week apart, then challenged with intranasal...
October 2020
African Journal of Biotechnology
Advancing adoption of genetically modified crops as food and feed in Africa: The case of Kenya
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and Genetic Engineering (GE) technology has been around since mid 1990s. Numerous successful applications of genetically modified (GM) crops have been recorded in different parts of the world. The technology has been adopted steadily in several countries with acreage under GM crops steadily increasing in many cases. Socio-economic studies show GMO adoption result in improved...
October 2020
African Journal of Plant Science
Protocol optimization for in vitro propagation of Kulfo, orange flesh sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) variety using shoot tip culture
Conventional propagation methods of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. var Kulfo) through stem cutting require large amount of propagules and large space for preparation. It has high risk of disease transmission to the next generation. In vitro propagation is the best alternative to overcome such limitations. This study was conducted to optimize protocol for in vitro propagation of Kulfo sweet potato variety using...
Page 1 of 1199, showing 50 records out of 59911 total, starting on record 1, ending on 50
