Articles
Page 4 of 1196, showing 50 records out of 59765 total, starting on record 151, ending on 200
August 2020
Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials
Prevalence, susceptibility testing and multi drug resistance risk factors to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in nasal carriage of hospitalized patients and medical staff in selected hospitals in Cameroon
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major hospital acquired pathogen. In Cameroon, there is limited data on nasal carriage of MRSA and its antibiotic susceptibility testing and risk factors for multi resistance to antibiotics in hospitalized patients and medical staff . A prospective, qualitative, cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out. Anterior nasal swabs were taken from 579...
August 2020
African Journal of Biotechnology
Genetic characterization of indigenous Tswana pig population using microsatellite markers
The indigenous Tswana pig is currently listed as an endangered animal genetic resource and if not conserved, might go extinct. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity (genetic characterization) of the indigenous Tswana pig population. Blood samples were collected from 30 randomly selected Tswana pigs in Kgatleng and South-East districts of Botswana for the assessment of genetic diversity using a...
August 2020
International Journal of Physical Sciences
Application of integrated geophysical methods in environmental studies: A case study of oil spillage in Thange Area Makueni County, Kenya
This research was conducted with the aim of mapping the extent of soil and ground water hydrocarbon contamination from an oil pipeline leak point within the area. An integrated geophysical survey approach involving horizontal electrical profiling (HEP), vertical electrical sounding (VES) and Gravity Survey was applied. Resistivity and gravity lows were identified as aquifer zones confined within basalts and potential...
August 2020
International Journal of Peace and Development Studies
Investigating the impact of child abduction and cattle raiding among the Dinka, Nuer and Murle communities in Jonglei State, South Sudan
Child abduction and cattle raiding pose a threat to sustainable socio-economic development among the Dinka, the Nuer and the Murle communities in Jonglei State, South Sudan. A 7-month study was conducted to investigate the impacts of child abduction and cattle raiding among the three communities-Dinka, the Nuer and the Murle community. Two hundred fifty households, one hundred fifty two Key Informant Interviews (KIIs)...
August 2020
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Statistical modeling of diesel leaching rate in soils at base transceiver stations
The process of modeling contaminant volume, rainfall intensity, and soil depth was investigated on diesel leaching and retention in soil subjected to oil pollution from five Base Transceiver Stations. The experimental runs were carried out over three operating parameters which include contaminant volume (50-350 ml), rainfall intensity (5- 10 mm/h), and soil depth (30 - 90 cm) using Response Surface Methodology. Among...
August 2020
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences
L-Theanine: Neuroprotective Against Trichloroethylene-induced Parkinson’s Disease Hallmarks
Trichloroethylene (TCE), a common water pollutant linked to Parkinson’s Disease (PD), induces dopaminergic neurodegeneration. L-Theanine (L-Th) was explored as a potential treatment for TCE-induced PD due to its previously elucidated neuroprotective properties. Cell viability, cytotoxicity, and cell density were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay...
August 2020
African Journal of Food Science
Evaluation of the nutritional and antioxidant potentialities of Capparis corymbosa
The study was undertaken with the objective of contributing to the search for new sources of dietary antioxidants. It aimed to assess the dietary potential, bioactive compound levels and antioxidant activities of the leaves and fruits of Capparis corymbosa, a plant food from Burkina Faso. Standard methods were used to assess the nutritional potential of leaves and fruits as well as the levels of bioactive compounds and...
August 2020
Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology
Factors affecting one-year follow-up visit after cryotherapy among women in Côte d’Ivoire: A retrospective cohort analysis
Cervical cancer screening program based on a single visit approach through visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and cryotherapy is scaled up since 2012 in Cote d’Ivoire. To assess factors affecting one-year follow-up visit after cryotherapy, a retrospective cohort analysis was performed among all women tested positive and treated by cryotherapy in cervical cancer units in Abidjan from 2010 to 2014. A logistic...
August 2020
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Global analysis of millet-based household farms: Characterization of the Senegalese production system of Niayes and Groundnut basin areas
Niayes and Groundnut basin areas are among the largest strongholds of rainfed agriculture in Senegal. In the agricultural holdings of both agro-ecological areas, main speculations are far from optimizing their agronomic production potential. In order to analyze the organizational capacity and decision-making processes of producers, a global agronomic diagnostic work was undertaken out on the scale of 180 agricultural...
August 2020
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Retrospective study of the contamination of exported sesame by Salmonella species from 2007 to 2017 in Burkina Faso
Sesame (Sesamum indicum) is one of the oldest and most traditional oilseed crops, valued for its high-quality seed oil. This culture was introduced in Burkina Faso at the beginning of the 20th century where it occupies a place of cash crop. The majority of sesame produced in Burkina Faso is export oriented. However, the contamination by Salmonella remains an unsolved problem. This retrospective study was carried out in...
August 2020
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Inhibition of root growth as mode of action of two rice yellow mottle virus pathotypes isolated in Mali
In Mali, the economy is mainly based on agriculture. Rice contributes about 5% of the GDP and constitutes a strategic sector with enormous potential. Despite its strategic importance, rice cultivation faces multiple biotic constraints among which rice yellow mottle virus disease is the most important one with an incidence varying from 60 to 100%. To reduce yield loses due to this disease, we determined the mode of...
August 2020
International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery
Effects of criterion-based audit on monitoring and management of normal and prolonged labor: An intervention study in Tanzania
The use of cesarean section (CS) and oxytocin for labour augmenttion may contribute to increase morbidity and mortality of mothers and newborns. The objective of the study was to evaluate the Criterian Based Audit (CBA) on CS rates and oxytocin use in labouring women. A prospective intervention study by CBA was performed at hospital in Tanzania. Included were 523 labouring women at a gestational age of at least 28...
August 2020
Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology
Assessing predictive factors of the patient’s length of stay in the emergency room of Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon
We assessed whether the emergency room at Yaoundé Central Hospital (YCH) met international standards; while analyzing factors that are associated with the length of stay, a key performance indicator of the emergency medicine department. Based on the data of patient admissions and discharges recorded from February 2017 to June 2018 in the emergency room of YCH, data was extracted from about two thousand research...
August 2020
Medical Case Studies
Uterus preservation after placenta percreta and uterine rupture: A case report
Placenta percreta and uterine rupture are associated with possible massive intraperitoneal bleeding, which can be fatal if not recognised. We describe a case of a 40-year-old multigravida with a history of two instances of placenta percreta and three instances of uterine rupture, previous artificial abortion, and uterine curettage. The patient’s uterus had been preserved after undergoing an emergency uterus repair...
August 2020
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Constraints limiting the improvement of manure management as climate smart technology for smallholder dairy farmers
The global quest for a sustainable bio-economy has brought to the fore importance of engaging agricultural systems in the production and in practice change. There have been issues limiting farmers from improving the practice of manure management as smart climate technology. The objective of this paper was to highlight the constraints, type, and valuation of manure types and information sources that smallholder dairy...
August 2020
African Journal of Agricultural Research
A literature review on yield gaps of various root, tuber and banana crops as a background for assessing banana yield reductions due to pests and diseases at a field site in western Burundi
Banana pests (corm weevil and root nematodes) and diseases (Xanthomonas wilt of banana, banana bunchy top disease and fusarium wilt) are major constraints to banana production in Central Africa. The pests cause various degrees of yield reduction, while plants affected by three of the diseases eventually die before producing an edible bunch. Studies on yield gaps for most of these constraints are currently limited. This...
August 2020
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of resistance to coffee berry disease (Colletotrichum kahawae Waller & Bridge) in Coffea arabica L. variety Rume Sudan
Coffee Berry Disease (CBD) is a major constraint that limits Coffea arabica production, whose resistance is governed by three genes, T, R that are dominant and recessive k in varieties Hibrido de Timor (HDT), Rume Sudan (RS) and K7 respectively. This study identified the genomic region occupied by R-gene using F2 genotypes from varieties RS and SL28; and Single Nucleotide Polymorphic (SNP) markers obtained through...
August 2020
Journal of AIDS and HIV Research
Assessment of the effect of anti-retroviral therapy on haematological parameters in HIV positive individuals in Zaria
A total of 230 patients receiving HAART for the first time and followed regularly were retained and their information gotten using a questionnaire. Of this number, 146 (63.5%) were on Stavudine + Lamivudine + Nevirapine (Regimen 1). 84(36.5%) while the remaining were on zidovudine + Lamivudine + Nevirapine (Regimen 5). The distribution was 75(32.6%) males and 155(67.4%) females. Blood was collected from each patient and...
August 2020
Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health
Serological survey for avian metapneumovirus in commercial chickens from different climatic zones in Nigeria
Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is an important poultry pathogen causing an acute highly contagious upper respiratory tract infection in chickens, and could result in swollen head syndrome. The disease causes significant economic losses in turkey and chicken flocks; however, its existence in the Nigerian poultry industry is not well defined. Also, the influence of weather on the prevalence of the disease is unknown. This...
August 2020
African Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science Research
Integral Tau method for fourth-order ordinary differential equations with third degree over determination
This paper is concerned with the solution of a class of fourth order initial value problems in ordinary differential equation by the integrated formulation of the Tau method. The initial focus is the class with a maximum of third degree overdetermination. The matrix equations were constructed based on the degree of overdetermination and for purpose of automation. The automated Tau system was tested on some selected...
August 2020
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Intrapopulation phenotypic variation in Piartal (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) from the Department of Boyacá, Colombia
Chenopodium quinoa Willd., is an interesting plant with a great adaptation to adverse environmental factors and exceptional nutritional qualities. It shows great genetic variation, which organization remains poorly documented. In Boyacá, there are few studies on the morphological characterization of cultivated materials, and there is no certified planting material, resulting that the farmers are planting a...
August 2020
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Grass species for range rehabilitation: Perceptions of a pastoral community in Narok North sub-county, Kenya
Land degradation is a global problem leading to a diminished production capacity of the rangelands. The consequence is reduced potential to provide ecosystem services and increased vulnerability to the inhabitants. Biological soil water conservation measures can reverse the trend. Different communities prefer different grass species for rehabilitation as communities vary in location, needs, priorities, preferences and...
August 2020
Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development
ICT and challenges of agricultural extension education
After the novel coronavirus outbreak, many countries closed universities. This situation urges to implement online delivery as an alternative method. This study aimed assessing the access to and use of ICT by students, the ICT competencies possessed by the students, and assesses the current level of students’ readiness for online education methods in the developing country like Ethiopia. Sample of 106...
August 2020
Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development
Determinants of adoption of agricultural extension package technologies by smallholder households on sorghum production: Case of Gemechis and Mieso districts of West Hararghe Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
This study identified the socio-economic factors that significantly influence adoption of agricultural extension package technologies on sorghum crop production. Primary and secondary data were collected for the study. In the sampling procedure, multi stage sampling procedure was used. Data was analyzed using both descriptive statistics and econometric models. In econometric models Multivariate Probit (MVP) and Double...
August 2020
Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics
Explaining output growth and total factor productivity changes using production frontier: The case of Ethiopian smallholder’s farming
This paper provides a parametric decomposition of output growth and total factor productivity changes, extending production approach to the case of non-neutral stochastic frontier. The results were based on unbalanced panel data from Ethiopian smallholder farmers observed over the period 1999–2015. The study decomposes output growth into input growth and total factor productivity changes while both were further...
August 2020
African Journal of Biotechnology
Natural occurrence of products of cryptic pathway metabolites of pharmacological importance using liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric techniques in date palm fruit, garlic bulb and groundnuts from
North-West Nigeria markets
Investigation of secondary metabolites from the cryptic metabolic pathways in date palm fruit, garlic bulb and groundnuts from North-West Nigeria was conducted using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results indicated the presence of several compounds which include Valinomycin, asperglaucide, asperphenamate, cyclo (L-Pro-L-Tyr). Cyclo (L-Pro-L-Val), emodin, physcion, integracin A...
August 2020
African Journal of Biotechnology
Comparative study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of a candidate growth gene (IGF-I) in Oreochromis niloticus and Sarotherodon melanotheron
In teleost fishes, the regulation of growth performance by the GH and IGF system also seems to be highly conserved. Adult Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) could reach up to 60 cm maximum length while Sarotherodon melanotheron (black chin Tilapia) has a maximum length of 28 cm. This study describes the analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in isolated, amplified, and sequenced DNA from two common Tilapia species...
August 2020
African Journal of Biotechnology
Molecular identification of indigenous bacteria isolated from pesticides heavily contaminated soils
This study was carried out to isolate and identify indigenous bacteria associated with pesticides heavily contaminated soil in Sudan. The samples were collected from pesticides contaminated soil in different locations. The predominant bacterial isolates were then purified by subculturing on selective media. Seven isolates were selected based on their capability to degrade pesticides and three of them having the highest...
August 2020
African Journal of Microbiology Research
Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolates from post-operative wound infections among patients attending Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital, Kenya
Surgical site infections account for high mortality, morbidity, and elevated costs of treatment for surgical patients. The study sought to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates from postoperative wound infections among patients attending Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out between October 2018 and March 2019. It included patients...
August 2020
African Journal of Microbiology Research
Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of Momordica charantia L. and Morinda lucida Benth extracts from Benin
Momordica charantia and Morinda lucida are Benin’s pharmacopeia plants that are used traditionally for the treatment of infectious diseases. This study aims to investigate phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity of both plants. The dried leaf powder is used for extraction with different solvents by ultrasonication (35 Hz) at room temperature for 2 h. TLC and the method based on coloring and precipitation...
August 2020
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Urban climate variability trend in the coastal region of Mombasa Kenya
The world population in global south countries is increasing. This fast growth has heightened urban ecological footprint that contributes to anthropogenic forcing triggering of the climate system. From this study, climate variability trend dynamics in Mombasa County, a coastal urban area in Kenya was examined. A retrospective study was done (1989-2019) to determine the changes in temperature and rainfall in the area of...
August 2020
Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics
Cocoa farmers’ choice of alternative livelihood in mining communities in Upper Denkyira West District, Ghana
Mining and cocoa production are important livelihoods for people in Ghana, particularly in rural communities like Upper Denkyira West District. However, mining activities can have negative impacts on cocoa production and access to basic necessities for the sustenance of the people. This study sought to investigate cocoa farmers’ perception of the impact of mining on socio- economic activities in Upper Denkyira...
August 2020
African Journal of Food Science
Assessment of microbial quality status of raw beef around Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia
The aim of this study was to assess the microbial quality of raw beef of butcher shops around Addis Ababa city. A total of 60 samples (N=60) of raw beef were randomly collected from Dukem (N=20), Kara (N-20) and Burayu (N=20) and biologically tested for total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, total coliform, yeast and mold, Staphylococcus species, Bacillus species and psychrophilic bacteria count using standard procedures. A...
August 2020
Journal of Ecology and The Natural Environment
Wildlife harvesting and bushmeat trade in Rivers State, Nigeria: The resilience of the African civet, Civettictis civetta (Carnivora: Viverridae) and records of rare species
The first step in making exploitation of wildlife more sustainable is to determine the sustainability of current levels of harvest, which has two components: determining the offtake from an area and appraising the effect that this offtake has on species. The exploitation of wildlife from the catchment area of a major bushmeat market at Omagwa, in the eastern Niger Delta was initiated in 2005. Analyses of 2019 results...
August 2020
Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science
Evaluating the pollen proofing of nonwoven synthetic fabric pollination control tents for sugar beet
Three pollination control tents (PCTs) made from novel nonwoven synthetic fabrics with more open pore structure (DWB10, DWB23 and DWB24) were compared with the standard DWB01 fabric for pollen proofing in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) at the research station of Lion Seed Ltd Essex, UK in 2019. PCTs of 63.5 x 63.5 cm footprint accommodated single potted plants. A completely randomised trial with five replications...
August 2020
International Journal of English and Literature
The role of applicative morphology in marking the telicity of applicative verbs in Ruruuli-Lunyala
This study examines the role of the morphology of applicatives in marking the telicity of applicative verbs in Ruruuli-Lunyala. Applicative verbs in Bantu languages have largely been investigated as allowing a new object Noun Phrase (NP) within the subcategorization of their base verb; this leads to a change of valency with the new Noun Phrase (NP) often giving a certain thematic role. However, less attention has been...
August 2020
African Journal of Biotechnology
Comparative studies between growth regulators and nanoparticles on growth and mitotic index of pea plants under salinity
To our knowledge, no research study has been carried out on the effects of ascorbic acid (ASA), 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and Nano selenium (N-Se) on the cytological parameters of pea seedlings under salinity stress. Salinity treatment (60 and 120 mM NaCl) was applied. Two concentrations of ASA (50 and 100 ppm), ALA (25 and 50 ppm), and N-Se (10 and 20 ppm), respectively were used individually and in combination with...
August 2020
African Journal of Microbiology Research
Effect of using treated wastewater on the bacteriological quality of raw cow's milk: A case of a farm in Northeastern Algeria
This study aims to assess the impact of the use of treated wastewater (without chlorination) in farming and dairy cattle breeding. Milk samples were collected from a farm in northeastern Algeria. The treated wastewater from the treatment plant is used on this farm for different activities. The results obtained show that the average contamination of milks with total flora is 3.7.105 CFU /ml. Fecal coliforms are...
August 2020
Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics
Analysis of labor opportunity cost on the economic profitability of fertilizer microdosing (FM) in
Burkina Faso
This paper analyses the effect of labor opportunity cost on economic profitability of fertilizer microdosing (FM) in Burkina Faso. In order to assess the incremental change in net income when the investment cost increases and takes into account labor opportunity cost, the marginal value cost ratio (MVCR) approach is used. Using data from farmer’s field, the results showed that for both crops, the median yield of...
August 2020
African Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science Research
The weighted Monsef distribution
A two-parameter weighted Monsef distribution (WM) is proposed in this paper. WM is flexible and has the property that the hazard rate function can accommodate both increasing and bathtub shapes. Most of its mathematical properties, such as probability density function, hazard function, moments and mean residual life function, are derived. The maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the distribution parameters. A...
August 2020
Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development
Enhancement of tef production through popularization of improved Quncho tef variety at Northwestern Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia
Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] is a cereal crop resilient to adverse climatic conditions. Tef is the most important crop that serves as human food and has a great contribution to food security in Ethiopia, but grain yields are low. Towards enhancing the production and productivity of the tef, the government and non-governmental bodies is therefore promoting the adoption of improved varieties, fertilizers and...
August 2020
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Greenhouse gas reduction and cost-benefit through improving municipal solid waste management in Ouagadougou
Waste management is one of the major challenges of urban management in Sub Saharan African countries. The current difficulties in the management of solid waste are the result of poor mastering of concepts, approaches, and techniques. This paper aims to study the Greenhouse gas reduction and cost-benefit through improving municipal solid waste management in Ouagadougou. Since the site location is important for collection...
August 2020
Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health
Appraisal of management and biosecurity practices on pig farms in Makurdi, Benue State, North Central Nigeria
The role of biosecurity at farm level is to reduce the risk of introduction of diseases in pig farms and prevent the disease transmission between animals on farms. It is an important management practice that impacts the profitability of pig production ventures. A survey was conducted to assess the biosecurity practices in 50 farms in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria, using a structured questionnaire and assessments through...
August 2020
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Possibility of improving solid waste management in senior high schools in the Ashanti region of Ghana
Little attention has been given to solid waste management in Senior High Schools meanwhile their population and consumption pattern keeps on increasing. The study was conducted in senior high schools within the Ashanti Region to determine the composition and generation rate of solid waste in the selected senior high schools. An extensive field investigation was used for quantification and analysis of the composition of...
August 2020
African Journal of Microbiology Research
Combination of genetic tools to discern Bacillus species isolated from hot springs in South Africa
Using phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene 43 Gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes were isolated, cultured and identified from five hot water springs in South Africa. Thirty-nine isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae, genus Bacillus (n = 31) and genus Anoxybacillus (n = 8), while four isolates belonged to the family Paenibacillaceae, genus Brevibacillus. The majority of isolates...
August 2020
African Journal of Biotechnology
Study of the antibody stimulation potentials of lactobacillus spp isolated from palm wine
In this study lactic acid bacteria were investigated for their presence in fresh palm wine and their effects on humoral immunity examined. The bacteria were isolated from fresh palm wine in a tenfold serial dilution. The isolates were purified by repeated subculture on De Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar and characterized phenotypically and genotypically. The identified Lactobacillus spp. were investigated for their effects...
August 2020
African Journal of Biotechnology
Characterization of crude invertase extracted from Aspergillus species CSA 35
The enzyme invertase is very useful, especially in food industries. Invertase hydrolyzes the disaccharide sucrose into two monosaccharides, glucose and fructose. Invertase was extracted from Aspergillus sp. CSA35, and studied using spectrophotometric methods for enzyme kinetics and determination of other factors affecting enzyme activities such as salt tolerance, pH, temperature and substrate specificity. The invertase...
August 2020
Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials
Biological control of black pod disease of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. in vitro and in
the field
Phytopathogenic fungi, Phytophthora palmivora and Phytophthora megakarya continue to be a major threat to cocoa production worldwide. To counter these drawbacks, producers rely heavily on agrochemicals leading to pathogen resistance and environmental hazards. There is also increasing demand by cocoa consumers for pesticide-free seeds. Therefore, biological control through the use of natural microbial antagonists is more...
August 2020
Journal of Geography and Regional Planning
Challenges and opportunities in environmental impact assessment and environmental audit practice in Kenya
Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Audit are tools of trade which are available for use by environmental managers around the world. They are applied as early as possible in decision-making throughout the life cycle of proposed development projects and actions that may have potentially significant impacts on biophysical and socio-cultural environments. These instruments provide for individual stakeholder...
Page 4 of 1196, showing 50 records out of 59765 total, starting on record 151, ending on 200
