Articles
Page 8 of 1144, showing 50 records out of 57178 total, starting on record 351, ending on 400
October 2018
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Sandy soil fertility restoration and crops yields after conversion of long term Acacia senegal planted fallows in North Cameroon
Tree planted fallow is an agroforestry system that may restore degraded soils and protect them from erosion. In this study, sandy soils properties of Acacia senegal planted fallows (AF) were assessed and compared to those from the continuous cropped system (CC) in 3 sites from Northern Cameroon in order to determine its suitability to restore soil fertility and sustain crop productivity. Soil samples were collected from...
October 2018
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Effects of different seed treatments, provenance and size on germination and early establishment
of Olea europaea
Knowledge and understanding of the factors affecting germination and growth of tree species is of paramount importance for enhancing the efforts towards afforestation. Hence, the prime objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of seed treatment methods, provenance and size on germination and early nursery performance of Olea europaea. The experiment was arranged in a factorial combination and laid out in...
October 2018
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Pasture quality of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania subjected to different rest periods for milk production
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two defoliation intervals on the morphological characteristics of the experimental group. Chemical composition characteristics of a Tanzania grass pasture (Panicum maximum) and the performance of crossbred cows on intermittent grazing were examined. The digestibility of the dry matter, the digestibility of the organic matter fibrous, the voluntary dry matter...
October 2018
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Coffee growers’ local knowledge on shade tree species in Adola Rede District, Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Farmers have a detailed local knowledge about different tree species which are either retained or planted on their farms. Thus, it is possible to learn from farmers’ observations to enhance understanding of local agro-ecological knowledge. This study aimed to investigate coffee growers’ local knowledge on shade tree species. The study was conducted at Adola Rede District, in Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia. To...
October 2018
African Journal of Biotechnology
Comparative survey of three processes used for the extraction of total phenol content and total flavonoid content of Anacardium occidentale L. and the assessment of its antioxidant activity
Three processes were used for the extraction of total phenol and total flavonoid contents of Anacardium occidentale L. and to determine its antioxidant activity. Whatever the extraction process was, the total flavonoid and total phenol contents were of the same order. With the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), 666.07 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g dry matter (DM) of total phenol content was obtained from the...
October 2018
African Journal of Biotechnology
Resveratrol inhibits cell viability and proliferation via apoptotic pathways in ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer is the most common female malignancy and the main cause of death from gynecological malignancies. Resveratrol (3,4,5 tri-hydroxystilbene) is a phytoalexin and a polyphenolic compound present in human dietary material such as peanuts, mulberries, grapes and red wine. We demonstrated that resveratrol depressed the proliferation of HO8910PM cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner in vitro (P <...
September 2018
African Journal of Food Science
Temperature effects on cooked food in the tropics: A case study of local soups in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
This study examined the effects of temperature on cooked food in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria. It utilized the survey research design. Primary data about cooked food conditions between hours of reheating were generated from women in the area using copies of checklist. Temperature data were collected for a period of one year from Department of Geography and Regional Planning, Delta State University, Abraka. The data were...
September 2018
African Journal of Food Science
A comparative study on stability of different types of coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil against autoxidation and photo-oxidation
This study aimed to compare the stability of five types of coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil available in Sri Lanka. The types of coconut oil studied were coconut pairing oil (CPO), white coconut oil (WCO), refined bleached and deodorized coconut oil (RBDCO), virgin coconut oil (VCO) and coconut oil (CO). Oils were exposed to elevated temperature (60±5°C) in the presence of excess air or oxygen to induce...
September 2018
African Journal of Food Science
Isolation and identification of probiotic Lactobacillus species from traditional drink kunun-zaki fortified with paddy rice and sweet potatoes
The present study was conducted to determine the probiotic properties of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Kunun-zaki processed with different thickeners. Kunun-zaki was processed using 50:50 and 80:20 millet and sorghum. A total of seven isolates that is, Lactobacillus (Lb.) lactis, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus brevis, Lb. acidophilus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus delbrueckii and...
September 2018
African Journal of Food Science
Proximate composition, physical characteristics and mineral content of fruit, pulp and seeds of Parinari curatellifolia (Maula) from Central Malawi
In this study, proximate composition, physical characteristics and mineral content of fruit, pulp and seeds of Parinari curatellifolia (Maula) fruits from Bunda forests in Central Malawi were determined. Proximate composition included crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber, while physical characteristics included mass, length, thickness of whole fruit and kernels and minerals included potassium, magnesium, manganese,...
September 2018
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy
Clinopodium nubigenum (Kunth) Kuntze essential oil: Chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial test against respiratory pathogens
The essential oil of leaves and flowers of Clinopodium nubigenum (Kunth.) Kuntze (Lamiaceae) collected in the province of Pichincha-Ecuador was steam distilled and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to determine its chemical composition. The majority of the compounds identified were carvacrol acetate (42.1%), carvacrol (20.6%), pulegone (6.3%) and thymol (5.5%). Antioxidant activity was assessed by...
September 2018
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy
Anti-inflammatory property of the methanol leaf extract of Parinari kerstingii (ENGL) in rats
The anti-inflammatory effect of the extract of Parinari kerstingii leaves was investigated using egg albumin-induced rat paw oedema, leukocyte mobilization, and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability assay methods. Heat and hypotonicity-induced heamolysis of human red blood cell membrane were also used to assess its membrane stabilizing effect and to determine its inhibitory property on phospholipase A2 activity....
September 2018
International Journal of Livestock Production
Phenotypic characterization of the West Africa dwarf goats and the production system in Liberia
Data on characterization of animal genetic resources are valuable in the development of breeding and conservation schemes to ensure their sustainable use. A survey was conducted to collect baseline data on the phenotypic characteristics, production system, traits of economic importance and challenges faced by goat farmers in Liberia. The survey was carried out in the 15 counties of Liberia and covered 1314 animals in...
September 2018
International Journal of Livestock Production
Production performance evaluation of koekoek chicken under farmer management practice in Tigray region, northern Ethiopia
The objective of the study was to introduce and evaluate production performance of Koekoek chicken under smallholder farmers’ management practice and enhance their household income. This on farm experiment was conducted in eastern and south eastern zone of Tigray region. About 53 food insecure smallholder farmers were selected in collaboration with the experts and village administrators. Eighty seven percent of...
September 2018
International Journal of Livestock Production
Livestock production system characterization in Arsi Zone, Ethiopia
Despite its vital role in the country’s economic activities, livestock sector was considered as poor investment for development in Ethiopia. But currently, it is being given due attention in government policy planning, especially in the last two growth and transformation plans. Arsi zone is known for its own cattle breed known as “Arsi breed” (one of the six local breeds of the country) and has huge...
September 2018
International Journal of Livestock Production
Poultry manure as a protein supplement in indigenous goat production in Zimbabwe
The abundance of poultry litter in most farms in the sub-Saharan Africa is becoming an environmental problem. The objective of this study is to evaluate the proximate value, in-vitro digestibility of dried poultry manure (DPM) and its subsequent effect on growth, pH, and volatile fatty acid production of indigenous goats in Zimbabwe. Eighteen goats were randomly allocated to two treatment diets: grazing veld grass plus...
September 2018
Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science
Stability for descriptors of Solanum aethiopicum Shum group (family Solanaceae)
Solanum aethiopicum Shum group is a nutrient-rich and income-generating crop enterprise in various sub-Saharan Africa countries. Despite its importance, the development of its improved varieties has not been prioritized. Until now, no field-based descriptor development reference for the crop is available for testing candidate varieties for distinctiveness, uniformity and stability. The purpose of this study is to...
September 2018
Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science
Inheritance and combining ability of cowpea resistance to bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus F.)
The bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) is one of the most destructive pests and causes substantial losses to cowpea during storage in tropical and subtropical regions. The development of successful breeding strategy requires knowledge on gene action and trait inheritance in local and improved sources. In this study, the mode of inheritance, the types of gene action and maternal effects of cowpea resistance to...
September 2018
Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science
Inheritance and combing ability in maize using a 7x7 diallel cross
Twenty one F1s produced from 7x7 diallel mating along with the 7 parents were evaluated to notice the inheritance and combining ability of different traits to obtain high heterotic crosses. Genetic analysis and combing ability were analyzed following Hayman’s and Griffing’s diallel analyses, respectively. Hybrids projecting positive or negative potency ratio with >1.0 value for those traits is also the...
September 2018
Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science
Genotype by environment interaction and stability analysis of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] genotypes for yield in Ethiopia
Ethiopia is claimed to be a center of diversity for cowpea production. The crop is the most drought tolerant and could help the country overcome the recurrent drought problem; however, the yield is very low due to lack of effort to develop varieties. This research was conducted to evaluate the stability of cowpea genotypes and to estimate the magnitude of genotypes by environment interaction (GEI) effect on grain yield....
September 2018
Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science
Evaluations of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties for yield and yield related traits in central zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
A field experiment was carried out at Laelay maichew and Tahtay maichew districts in central zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, for two consecutive seasons (2014/2015 to 2015/2016) under rain fed conditions. The objective of the study was to evaluate and select best performing faba bean varieties. Ten faba bean varieties including the local check were evaluated in randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three...
September 2018
Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology
Tinea capitis:A tropical disease of hygienic concern among primary school children in an urban community in Nigeria
Tinea capitis is the most common dermatophyte infection in school age children in developing countries and is known to impact negatively on their health and well-being. This study determined the prevalence of T. capitis and its relationship with hygiene among primary school pupils in Ile-Ife. This descriptive cross-sectional study recruited randomly selected pupils from public and private schools in Ile-Ife from March...
September 2018
Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology
Seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics within Kaduna metropolis, North-Central, Nigeria
Chlamydia trachomatis is a major causative agent of sexually transmitted disease (STD), which can damage a woman’s reproductive organs. The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection was investigated among 200 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in three hospitals located within Kaduna metropolis, North-Central, Nigeria. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique was performed to detect chlamydia...
September 2018
Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology
Assessment of major causes of heart failure and it’s pharmacologic management among patients at Felege Hiwot referral hospital in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Heart failure is a complex, clinical syndrome of signs and symptoms that are caused by defects in cardiac structure, function, or both, resulting in impairment of peripheral circulation and organ oxygenation. It is a staggering clinical and public health problem and the study of the epidemiology on heart failure demonstrated that heart failure is associated with significant mortality, morbidity, and health care...
September 2018
Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health
Association of body weight, scrotal circumference, heart girth and penile development with spermatogenesis in the Nubian bucks
This study was designed to monitor the morphological development of the reproductive tract of the Nubian bucks in relation to puberty. Thirty-two Nubian male kids were used in this study. Their ages ranged between 1 day and 24 weeks. The study was undertaken to correlate the body weight (BW), heart girth circumference (HG), scrotal circumference (SC), testicular descent into the scrotum and penile separation from...
September 2018
Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health
Assessment on major reproductive health problems of dairy cattle in Boloso Sore, Southern Ethiopia
The ultimate goal integrated herd health management is to lower calving interval, decrease the number of services per conception thereby increasing reproduction and production but reproductive health disorders affect the reproductive performance of the dairy cows, the number of potential replacement needed to maintain a constant herd size and the longevity of the cow in the herd. There was insufficiency research...
September 2018
Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health
Prevalence and clinical pathology caused by infectious bronchitis virus in poultry birds at Sindh, Pakistan
Poultry is a major meat and eggs producing sector that generates high income throughout the world. Despite worldwide growth of poultry, it is influenced by various infectious pathogens especially infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). As a result of heavy economic losses through high morbidity, mortality, deficient performance, low weight gain, abnormal colour and misshapen eggs, this study is designed on identification and...
September 2018
International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture
Performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with diets containing caffeine
The objective of this study was to investigate the possible effects of caffeine on the performance of juveniles of Nile tilapia. One hundred and forty four (144) juveniles of Nile Tilapia with mass, total length and initial mean height of 2.94 ± 0.16 g, 5.19 ± 0.14 cm and 1.49 ± 0.04 cm, respectively, were used. The fishes were housed in 24 plastic boxes in a closed water recirculation system, where...
September 2018
International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture
Anaesthetic effects and haematological responses of heterobranchus bidorsalis juveniles exposed to
clove oil
This study aims to investigate the use of clove oil as an anaesthetic agent for Heterobranchus bidorsalis juveniles and assess the effects on the test fish, using some hematological parameters. Different concentrations of clove oil (0.8 to 1.2 ppm) were used in static water to determine the induction time and recovery time of the test organisms. Behavioral changes of the test fish were observed, the time the fish became...
September 2018
Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics
Drivers and socioeconomic factors influencing individual and household adaptation to climate change: A case study of residents of Leeds, UK
The dynamic nature of human adaptation and coping strategies to climate change continues to arouse the interest of environmental researchers. This study contributed to this growing area of research by examining the drivers and some socioeconomic factors influencing individual and household adaptation to climate change. Data were collected through household surveys and in-depth interviews. Descriptive statistics,...
September 2018
Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics
Access to land and agricultural based livelihoods in Northwestern Ethiopia: Implications for land use
Land has been curtail national asset and seen as central to economy, the social and political spheres of community as well as the overall society. The objective of this paper has been to assess the implication of accessing land and agricultural based livelihoods of smallholder on land use. The underpinning research involved both primary and secondary data. Primary data were generated using household surveys, focus group...
September 2018
Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics
The effects of crop market participation in improving food security among smallholder crop producer farmers: The case of Central Ethiopia, Ada’a Woreda
Merely providing support on improved yields for increased crop productivity to smallholder farmers can not improve the household food security. But parallel support for market linkages to crop producer smallholders can reap the full benefit of this increased crop productivity because lack of reliable and accessible market linking system has been found to be one of the main constraints faced by smallholder crop producer...
September 2018
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy
Genotoxic effects of Peganum harmala L. in relation to traditional use
Peganum harmala L. is a well-known medicinal plant, widely distributed and used in folk medicine. Recently, numerous reports have been published regarding the pharmacological and therapeutic effects of P. harmala and its major alkaloids components. However, mammalian toxicity due to P. harmala alkaloids extract has been rarely investigated. The present research aimed to study the genotoxic effects of harmala plant...
September 2018
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy
In vitro anticancer screening of Colombian plants from Piper genus (Piperaceae)
Historically, knowledge of ethnobotany, which has revealed different phytochemical and pharmacological compounds from traditional plants, has formed the basis for new anticancer drug discovery. The use of some Piper species in traditional medicine against cancer, suggests that genus Piper is a promising source of new compounds with anticancer activity. A total of 28 ethanolic extracts were obtained from 16 different...
September 2018
Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology
Quality of tuberculosis treatment services in public hospitals of Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2016
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem, responsible for ill health among millions of people each year. It is the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide following human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Tuberculosis control measures are limited by the quality of care provided at the local level. Providing a quality and timely care for patients with TB is crucial in prevention and...
September 2018
International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation
Macrofungal diversity in Yangambi Biosphere reserve and Yoko reserve rainforests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Detecting and understanding patterns in the distribution of taxa is a fundamental element in implementing biodiversity conservation. Regarding fungi, understanding how functional diversity varies with forest types helps to define their niche and allows predicting the impact of forest degradation on communities of macrofungi. It also allows better understanding of the way in which they realize their ecological function...
September 2018
International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation
In vitro micropropagation of Rhinacanthus nasutus (L) Kurz
The study was aimed to standardise a protocol for the in vitro mass propagation of Rhinacanthus nasutus (L) Kurz, an anticancer shrub. Leaf, node and inflorescence explants were inoculated onto the Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium enriched with different combinations and concentrations of growth regulators. Maximum callusing percentage was achieved in leaf explants in MS medium supplemented with 5 mg/l 2,4-D....
September 2018
International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation
Study on community perception of termite expansion and control in Borana plateau: Case study of Southern Oromia, Ethiopia
Ecologically termites can be divided into damp wood dwellers, dry wood dwellers under and above ground dwellers in Dire, Miyo and Moyale districts. The combination of methods and tools such as stakeholder, key informant interview, group discussions, timelines, transect walk, community sketches were used. About 90 pastoralists were interviewed formally on its expansion and control techniques. The cause of termite...
September 2018
International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation
Diversity, distribution and habitat association of birds in Menze-Guassa Community Conservation Area,
Central Ethiopia
A study was conducted in Menz-Guassa Community Conservation Area (MGCCA) from November 2016 to March 2017, to assess the diversity, distribution and habitat association of birds. Three habitat types including forest, grassland, and moorland habitats were identified based on their vegetation composition. Point count method in Eucalyptus and Juniperus forest, and line transect technique in grassland and moorland habitats...
September 2018
Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology
Occurrence of diarrhea and utilization of zinc bundled with ORS among caregivers of children less than five-years in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
In response to the high occurrence of diarrhea in Ethiopia, the Federal Ministry of Health employed an effective strategy that included administration of zinc together with oral rehydration salt to treat children suffered diarrhea since 2013. Nonetheless, information on zinc bundled with ORS uptake is limited and thus this study has examined zinc utilization among beneficiaries. A community based cross-sectional study...
September 2018
Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development
Success story of implementing the self-sustaining agricultural extension system in Rwanda
Rwanda is implementing the self-sustaining extension system through Farmer Field Schools (FFS) and Farmer Promoters (FP) approaches. The objective of this paper was to find out the impact of self-sustaining extension system in order to help stakeholders to improve its current implementation. The methodology includes a desk review of reports, face to face interview with 60 participants and 5 focus group discussions...
September 2018
Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development
On-Farm Demonstration of Improved Varieties of Faba bean (Vicia fabaL.) in Gemechis, Chiro and Tullo Districts of West Hararghe Zone, Oromia National Regional State of Ethiopia
The experiment was carried out in Gemechis, Chiro and Tulo districts of West Hararghe Zone with the objectives of enhancing production and productivity of faba bean on farmers’ fields and to improve linkage among stakeholders and create awareness on improved faba bean varieties. Three kebeles were selected purposively based on faba bean production potential. Accordingly, Walenso Defo kebele from Gemechis,...
September 2018
African Journal of Bacteriology Research
In vitro assessment of Leuconostoc mesenteroides zinc nanoparticles against Salmonella serovars recovered from broilers chickens
Salmonella serovars are responsible for a variety of acute and chronic diseases in poultry. Leuconostoc mesenteroides probiotic can exert antimicrobial activity by producing diverse fermentative metabolites with bactericidal or bacteriostatic activities such as lactic and acetic acids, fatty acids, hydrogen peroxide or diacetyl and antimicrobial proteins such as bacteriocins and peptidoglycan hydrolase enzymes. This...
September 2018
African Journal of Bacteriology Research
Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of crude aerial part extracts of Satureja Punctata (Benth) Briq
This study evaluates the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the crude extract of an aerial part of Satureja punctata (Benth.) Briq. The dried aerial part of S. punctata (Benth.) Briq was extracted separately using aqueous, ethanol and n-hexane. The antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was assessed using disc diffusion method, and the minimum...
September 2018
African Journal of Bacteriology Research
Antibiotic resistance genes in diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) isolated from livestock organic wastes in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) are often disseminated through the fecal matter of livestock and waste products including slurry and manure. The study aimed to characterize archived DEC recovered from cattle fecal matter, manure and slurry for quinolone resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) with focus on trends in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. The susceptibility of the bacteria was...
September 2018
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Analysis of spatial variability in rainfall trends in Baringo County, Kenya
This study assessed actual rainfall trends and variability in Baringo County. The objective of the study was to determine whether there were variations in rainfall trends by agro ecological zones. Meteorological rainfall data for the period 1981 to 2010 from three distinct agro-ecological zones covering highland (LH 2), low land (IL 6) and midland (LM 5) was used. The choice of rainfall stations was informed by...
September 2018
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Healthcare waste management practices and risk perception of healthcare workers in private healthcare facilities in an urban community in Nigeria
Medical waste, despite the relatively small amounts in which it is generated, is a major concern for healthcare professionals and the government mainly because it poses risks to humans and the environment. Previous studies have shown that there is poor management of medical waste in developing nations, and Nigeria is not an exception. Some have surveyed the associated risks but few have studied the risk perceptions...
September 2018
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Seasonal variation of heavy metal speciation in soil and stream sediments from hospital waste dumpsite in Ilesa, Southwestern Nigeria
A speciation study of selected heavy metals in soil and stream sediments around a hospital waste dumpsite was investigated. Sequential extraction procedure was used to fractionate the metals into 4 fractions: Exchangeable and bound to carbonate, oxyhydroxide of Fe and Mn, organic matter and the residual fraction. Speciation analysis of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb in soil revealed that a major portion of the metals were...
September 2018
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
The impacts of climate change and variability on crop farming systems in Semi-Arid Central Tanzania: The case of Manyoni District in Singida Region
This paper focuses on the impacts of climate change and variability on crop farming. The main objective of this paper is to assess the impacts of climate change and variability on crop farming systems in Manyoni district, Tanzania. This paper used mixed research design with both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The research used different methods in collecting information concerning the impacts of...
September 2018
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies of biosorption of zinc ions from industrial wastewater using derived composite biosorbents from walnut shell
The biosorption process of Zn (II) ions in industrial wastewater was investigated using derived composite biosorbents from walnut and snail shells. Composite adsorbents were produced by activating walnut shell carbon (WSC) with phosphoric acid to obtain acid-treated walnut shell carbon (AWSC) and WSC and AWSC were independently impregnated on chitosan to produce walnut shell carbon impregnated on chitosan (WSCC) and...
Page 8 of 1144, showing 50 records out of 57178 total, starting on record 351, ending on 400
