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Malawi’s economy is agro-based, yet soils are continuously depleted of nutrients threatening development, food, and nutrition security. Current blanket application of fertilizers doesn’t often match with nutrient deficiencies in the diverse soils of Malawi. Further, blanket fertilizer application results in over-fertilization which brings about greenhouse gas emissions from highly fertilized soils contributing to climate...
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The study compared the hematological profiles of cultured and wild Clarias gariepinus from selected fish farms and rivers in Southeast Nigeria. Wild fish were collected from Anambra, Imo, Otamiri and Cross Rivers while farmed fish were sampled from Awka, Umuahia, Owerri and Abakiliki farms. 15 C. gariepinus were collected monthly from each of the rivers and farms for 12 months (January – December 2022). The overall mean...
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A survey (i) to study livestock production system, reproductive and productive performance traits of cattle and (ii) to recognize constraints to cattle production was conducted in selected districts of eastern Tigray zone. Six tabias (the smallest administrative unit consisting of several villages) were selected. Mixed crop-livestock farming system dominates the area. Overall herd size was 5.14±2.68. Cattle are reared for...
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Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean (L) Verdc.) is a grain legume underutilized in Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of phenotypic and genotypic variability of the introduced accessions and the relationship between the traits, which would aid in the selection of elite accessions. A field trial was conducted in Tepi, southwestern Ethiopia, during the 2021/22 cropping season. 276 Bambara...
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The study was conducted between January 2021 and March 2022 in 2local governmentsof Kano State, Nigeria(namely: Sallarin, {TarauniLG}andKofan Dan Agundi,{Municipal LG}). The objective of the study are to examine the socioeconomic characteristics of fish farmers, estimate the opportunities of the burrow pits fish production systems and identify the problems facing fish farmers in the study areas.Specifically, the results...
Effects of Climate Change on Livestock Farmers in Mundri East County
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The study was conducted on the effect of climate change on livestock production in Mundri East County of Western Equatoria state, South Sudan. Data were collected by using a cross-sectional questionnaire administered to 120 households who used to rear livestock in two Payams of Kediba and Lakamadi respectively. Majorities (75%) of the households were male and had more than 20 years’ experiences in livestock production....
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The magnitude of heterosis provides a basis for genetic diversity and guideline to the choice of desirable parents for developing superior F1 hybrids. This study was carried out to exploit hybrid vigour and for building gene pool to be exploitation in population improvement. Heterosis and nature of gene action for morphoagronomic traits, oil content and fatty acid composition in linseed. Eight parents, their 28 F1crosses...
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The present study deals the assessment of changes in soil properties and plant nutrient contents of sorghum and soybean crop after 40 years of continuous application of reclaimed sewer water as affected by the crop season. Results of the study revealed that the various soil properties and plant nutrients of the crops viz., sorghum and soybean highly influenced by the 40 years continuous application of the sewer water....
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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important global food commodity crop. Its yield was affected by genotype, environment, and the interaction between genotype and environment that demands the development of diverse tolerant rice to increase yields and adaptation. Genotype & Environment interaction for yields of rice Tongil types with doubled haploid (DH) were evaluated in three locations. A randomized complete block design...
Genetic diversity of Cleome gynandra germplasm in Burkina Faso using SSRs molecular markers
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Cleome gynandra L. is an important traditional leafy vegetable in Burkina Faso diets. Because of its high nutritional value, it makes a good dietary supplement, providing an important nutritional and medicinal requirement. The aim of the present study was to assess the genetic diversity and intra- and interpopulation relationships of the C gynandra collection using SSR molecular markers specific to Cleome gynandra. Nine...
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This paper aims to understand farmers’ perceptions and challenges in production and use of traditional grains as well as feed manufacturers perceptions on inclusion of traditional grains in feed formulations. The study also seeks to ascertain the opportunities for increased adoption of traditional grains as an adaptive strategy to climate change. Climate change has contributed to a shift in seasons and precipitation,...
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Tomato production is constrained by arthropod pests which cause significant damage reducing both quality and quantity of the yields. These arthropod pests include tomato leaf miner, whitefly and red spider mite. Over-reliance and use of chemical pesticides to control these pests have led to the loss of efficacy against them. Host plant resistance, a key component in Integrated Pest Management as a long term intervention...
Review on causes and management of soil acidity in Highland of Ethiopia
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In Ethiopia, large areas of highlands with altitude of >1500 m located in almost all regional states of the country are affected by soil acidity. About 43% of the Ethiopian arable land is affected by soil acidity. The main factors giving rise to increased soil acidity in Ethiopia include climatic factors such as high amount of precipitation (that exceeds evapo-transpiration which leaches appreciable amounts of exchangeable...
Phytosociological survey of weeds in cassava growth area
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The presence of weeds in agricultural crops causes direct losses in productivity, causing economic losses, which makes it necessary to know the quality and quantity of weeds that compete with agriculture crops. Therefore, the objective of this work was to identify the weed community associated with cassava cultivation through a phytosociological survey, carried out in a cassava cultivation area, in the city of Nampula. The...
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The use of liquid and peaty inoculants containing Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains to supply nitrogen to soybean has already been consolidated. However, in recent years, the co-inoculation technology has been used, where, besides the inoculum based on B. japonicum, strains of diazotrophic bacteria of the genus Azospirillum brasilense have been inoculated, which has been proven to be effective in grasses of great economic...
Performance Evaluation of Solar-powered Spray Tube and Sprinkler Irrigation Systems
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Irrigated agriculture has been deemed a wasteful water user as a result of inefficiencies in most irrigation systems. Pressurized irrigation needs a steady pumping system to ensure constant uniformity of the irrigation system, which is hard under directly coupled solar-powered irrigation. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of two (2) different water application systems namely spray tube and sprinkler irrigation...
The mixed hard ticks species (ixodidae) distribution in some selected areas of Afar Region
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This research gives an understanding to identify common tick species, which infest Afar cattle. Total of 3922 ticks were randomly collected from selected districts of Afar Region, Ethiopia. Generally, four genera of ticks were found: Abmlyomma, Rhipiciphalus, Hyaloma and Boophilus sub-type. The highest three ranking species are Rhipiciphalus pulchilis 34.5%, Rhipiciphalus evertsi 14.9%, Amblyoma hebraeum 13.5% and the...
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Ticks are notorious blood sucking insects causing irritation, restlessness, disease transmission, and lesion on the skin to animals and human. Tick invasion problem urges researching their behavior, geographical distribution, veterinary importance and species distribution statistics. Principal Component Analysis on the dynamics of hard tick species distribution with Generalized Linear Model in R base software was through....
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To analyze the dynamics of tick burden on Afar cattle R studio software base principal component analysis was through. The average tick burden counted was 19.14 ticks on individual animal, the maximum tick load was 129 and minimum was 0. Among the body predilection sites maximum tick burden was on ear 59 ticks, anus/vulva 57 were counted, while the lowest burden was neck 13 and abdomen 5 ticks. The level of burden in...
Mixed hard ticks (ixodidae) species burden count on afar cattle
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Cattle are exposed to various levels of parasite burden challenges. Among the common parasites ticks are identified as the most notorious threat to cattle due to sever irritation, toxic effect, allergy , means of diseases transmission, anemia and are of socio-economic and veterinary medicine importance. The motto of this research was to divulge the significance and degree of Ixodidea (hard ticks) invasion problem in some...
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Weeds are among the limiting factors that influence inter-competition for resources, hinder harvesting and low production of cashew (Anacardium occidental L.) in Tanzania. The current study determined the distribution, characteristics and management of Dichapetalum stulhmannii. Distribution study involved a survey for weed presence in south-eastern, Tanzania. The characterization involved assessing the growth and...
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Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious disease of cattle, caused by a Lumpy Skin Disease Virus. It is an economically important viral disease of cattle affecting all ages and breeds that can be prevented by vaccination in endemic regions including Ethiopia. LSD is an OIE listed disease because of considerable financial losses and in Ethiopia due to the endemic nature of LSD; the country is facing serious difficulties in...
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This review investigates the role of agroecology as an intervention to fight hunger and promote sustainable food security among smallholder farmers. The aim of the paper was to review basic principles of agroecology, and discussed the current status of global hunger. Finally, the study reflected on the potential of agroecology in sustaining food security. In response to the unsustainable technologies of green revolution...
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Farmers in Ethiopia have traditionally practiced agroforestry to improve soil fertility. Yet, there is a paucity of information on the effects of scattered trees in farmlands on soil fertility. The study aimed to investigate whether scattered Faidherbia albida trees in farmers’ land in the Kenna District, Konso Zone, southern Ethiopia, affect soil properties. We selected three farmlands, and in each farmland, we designated...
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Livestock production sector could be responsible for zoonotic diseases which have public health and economic importance. The present study assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) about zoonotic diseases among smallholder cattle farmers in Gicumbi District of Rwanda. The data were collected from 120 randomly farmers through a Semi-structured questionnaire, then coded and analyzed using Statistical Package of...
Physico-chemical properties of irradiated fresh tomatoes
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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various levels of gamma irradiation on the physico-chemical composition of fresh tomatoes. Tomato samples were irradiated in a Co-60 gamma irradiator and maintained at 25 °C ± 2 storage conditions. The experiment was designed with five treatments of radiation dose (0, 0.5, 0.75 1.0, 1.5, and 2 kGy). Before irradiation, the initial composition of physical-chemical properties were...
The role of conservation agriculture in sustainable crop production: A Review
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The world human population is expected to increase from 7.7 billion in 2019 to 9.7 billion in 2050. To meet the world`s food demand, agricultural systems around the world are required to change from the current scenario to produce more food sustainably. In this regard Conservation Agriculture has been advocated as an agricultural system capable of attaining the sustainable intensification required to meet world food...
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Homegarden agroforestry system is recognized as inclusive and ecologically sound system. However, the recently observed change from enset-coffee based homegardens to cash crop khat, is expected to cause decline in tree species diversity and soil organic carbon. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the effect of traditional homegarden system change to khat based system on tree species diversity and soil carbon in Wondo Genet...
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This study identifies the factors affecting adoption of wheat row planting practices by smallholder farmers in the study area. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches to achieve the study’s goals were used. Moreover cross sectional research design using random sampling technique was employed and data were gathered from 141 respondents. Sample respondents were selected from sample frame based on random sampling...
Intercropping as a multiple advantage cropping system: Review
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The objective of this review paper is to organize relevant literature on the multiple advantages of intercropping system using the results of researches undertaken in different parts of the world. Accordingly, relevant materials including journal articles reviews and short communications were used to organize the review entitled “intercropping as a multiple advantage cropping system”. The review material can assist...
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The liquid obtained after anaerobic fermentation of pig manure (biofertilizer) from hoggery is beneficial for the supply of crop nutrients. This study was proceeded to the effect of irrigation by biofertilizer on crops. The irrigation area was set based on the amount of appropriate fertilization for nine crops in the crop fertilization manual (FI), and the application of chemical fertilizers were set as control...
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Ethiopian Mustard is a quick growing indigenous vegetable less documented in Zambia. A study was done to evaluate selected Ethiopian mustard genotypes for adaptability to Zambian environment. Seven genotypes - Mbeya Green, Mbeya Purple, Mustard-1, Arumeru, Chinasaki, Rungwe and RW-B-1 ex World vegetable Centre, Tanzania were used. The study was conducted at the University of Zambia under dry winter and wet summer...
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A factorial experiment (5*3) with three replications was conducted to assess the effects of three harvesting intervals on growth, productivity and nutrition of five Cenchrus ciliaris ecotypes. Ecotypes Ologoraing’ok namelock (On), Ologoraing’ok twanga (Ot), Nzingangata (Nz), Orupilipili (Op) and Iramata mtandika (Im) were harvested at 21 (T1), 28 (T2), and 35 (T3) days. Plant height (PH), tiller number (TNT), and leaf area...
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The main objective of this study was to access smallholder farmers’ perception of climate change and their response in adoption of climate adaptation strategies in the case of Karat Zuria Woreda, Konso Zone, Ethiopia. The totals of 153 farmers from three kebeles were randomly selected. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire survey, key informant interviews, focus group...
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Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oil crop in the world. A significant genotype by environmental interaction (GEI) presents challenges in the selection of superior genotypes. The objective of this study was to identify stable and high yielding sesame genotypes. Accordingly, 16 sesame genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design at six distinct environments. All important data were collected and...
Politicking maize production subsidies, discordant policing and maize self- sufficiency in Zimbabwe
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This paper discusses the main challenges faced by Zimbabwe in attaining self-sufficiency in maize production. Being a staple crop, failing to achieve self-sufficiency in maize production would force the country to import maize thereby straining its limited foreign currency and crowding out more important imports like fuel and healthcare drugs. Focusing on experiences, views, and opinions from three districts in Mashonaland...
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYMPTOMS IN BRAZILIAN ANIMAL HANDLERS – A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
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Introduction: The animal handler performs activities such as feeding, restraining and transporting animals. This worker may develop musculoskeletal disorders resulting from working conditions. Objectives: To describe musculoskeletal symptoms in Brazilian animal handlers. Method: This study was carried out with the population of animal handlers in an Ecological Park. Initially, a sociodemographic and health questionnaire...
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Field experiments were conducted at ChukwuemekaOdumegwuOjukwu University, Igbariam research field in 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons. The objectives were to evaluate the biomass and grain yield of six sorghum cultivars (CSR01, Samsorg11, Samsorg40, Samsorg44, Samsorg45 and Samsorg46) under four plant densities (941760, 1333000, 2182000 and 5714000 plants/ha) constituted the treatments which were laid out in a randomized...
Role of inclusive finance in smallholder farmer’s growth and commercialisation in SADC
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Inclusive finance refers to the delivery of financial services and products that are available, accessible, and affordable to all segments of society, to achieve inclusive economic growth. In the Southern African Development Community (SADC), smallholder farmers are disadvantaged from accessing formal financial services and this has affected the commercialisation of smallholder farmers. This paper examines the role of...
Daily weight gain of goats until weaning receiving two schemes of mineral supplementation
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of commercial mineral supplementation and selective mineral supplements in which only elements known to be deficient in the animal's diet. In an experiment conducted in Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analyzed: daily weight gain, nutritional and economic aspects of goats mixed breed receiving two types of mineral supplements. The sixteen...
EFFECTS OF POLICY REFORM ON SUPPLY RESPONSE OF SMALL-SCALE PADDY RICE PRODUCERS IN NIGERIA
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This study adopted the concept of marketed surplus to establish output supply response of paddy rice to input and output prices using cross sectional panel data produced by NBS in 2012/2013 and 2017/2018 later referred to in this report as period I and II respectively. A Tobit regression was performed on a semi-log functional form and the supply response elasticities estimated as products of coefficient of the marginal...
Plantleaf detection using Deep Learning
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Precision agriculture demands the recognition of plant species with help of distinct leaf characteristics such as form, texture, border, and colour etc. Plant leaf recognition has drawn special interest in the domain of computer vision.Existing models classifyspecific types of plants. These models classify limited number of plants at time. But there is need to recognize maximum number of plants in single model. This paper...
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This study aimed to identify fertilization options for improving cassava productivity and profitability in two contrasting regions of the Central African Republic. The Pissa (guinea forest) and Damara (savannah). The study adopted a randomized complete block design with four treatments replicated four times in a plot size of 7m by 7m. The treatments were; T1(Control), T2(Peasant practice), T3(sole NPK), and T4(Cow...
Evaluation of micro-irrigation and mulch systems on nectarine fruit production
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The study was conducted during 2018/2019 early summer season at Marondera University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology orchard which is located in region 11B. A factorial experiment to evaluate water use productivity, growth and development of nectarines tree under drip irrigation and different mulching treatments was done. A 2x4 factorial treatment of irrigation and mulching (no mulch, black plastic, grass and maize...
Protective Equipment Use By Veterinarians In Nigeria
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The transmissible nature of certain diseases makes anthropozoonosis an important hazard associated with veterinarians. For this reason, the attitude and compliance of veterinarians in Nigeria to personal protective equipment (PPE) use was studied using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Questionnaires were administered at the 2017 Veterinary continuing education seminar held at Akure (Ondo state),...
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During ripening, ‘Hass’ avocado fruit develops exocarp colour from emerald-green to purple, then black, which is regulated by anthocyanin; specifically, by cyanidin 3-O-glucoside. Branch girdling and maturity has been shown to increase carbohydrate accumulation and fruit colour in several fruit crops. This study determines the interactive effect between girdling and harvest maturity to improve avocado fruit exocarp colour...
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Most farmers in Tanzania implement risk reduction strategies of storing maize in local facilities and sell the grain soon after storage. The approach buffers against crop price fluctuation and market instability. This study aims at understanding the integration of hermetic bags technology to local storage facilities at smallholder farmers’ context and its contribution to maize crop net revenue. The Agronomic Survey (APS)...
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This study aimed to assess the production systems of the indigenous Tswana goats reared under typical smallholder farming settings in Botswana. A total of 310 households with Tswana goats were randomly selected from five agro-ecological regions of Botswana. Key structured questionnaires were used to collect baseline data on goats' socio-economic parameters, husbandry practises, breeding and selection, disease control,...
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The role of simulation models in understanding the processes in the soil-plant-atmosphere system has increased significantly in recent years. This is attributed to increased computing capabilities available today. Mathematical models, be it physically or empirically based, have the promising potential to explore solutions to water management problems. In the sub basin, frequent events of high and low rainfall, less work...
Survey of the distribution and severity of white mango scale in mango production in Eastern Ethiopia
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Mango production in Ethiopia is harmed by a number of arthropod pests particularly the White Mango Scales (WMS) is major pest of grave concern to mango growers. The main objective of this study was to assess the current status of WMS insect pest in Mango production and farmers’ knowledge about the pest in eastern Ethiopia. WMS distribution and severity specifically in the major mango growing areas East Hararghe, Harari...
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