Essential oils from Eupatorium sp as source of deterrent compounds against drywood termite: A review
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Plant products with deterrent activities can become good, environmentally safe, alternative preservatives to protect, preserve, and treat damaged pinewood. The repellent and anti-feedant effects they have shown are specifically against pinewood borer insects. Therefore, it is advisable to use the natural resources available to adequate them into the control pest management. There is an abundant number of plant species of...
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Turmeric is an herbaceous perennial crop which is native of the genus Curcuma longa L., belonging to family Zingiberaceae. It has versatile uses in flavouring, dye making, drug preparation, cosmetics and medicine. The turmeric plant highly prone to several fungal diseases, among them leaf spot disease of turmeric resulting to huge losses of 25.83 to 62.12% fresh weight and 42.10 to 62.10% dry weight of rhizome.The five...
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In vitro studies on tolerance of selected biocontrol agents to certain agrochemicals used in tea (Camellia sinensis)
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Different fruit wastes are major environmental polluters however; they can also be exploited to produce energy. The presented study was to evaluate the alcoholic yield from locally available Avocado and banana peels. Different substrates combinations were made for Avocado and Banana peels. The fermentation was allowed for 4 consecutive days using Saccharomyces Cerevicea. The alcoholic yield was extracted by simple...
Phenotyping identification of Candida albicans from oral cavity of immunosupperesed patients
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The present study was Candida albicans identification from oral swabs of immunocompramised patients for further reference. A total of 38 oral swabs from the oral thrush patients were collected and inoculated on Sabourauds dextrose agar for primary isolation. After appearance of the colonies on SDA, individual colony is tested for identification of different species of candida albicans on the basis of biochemical and...
Lactic acid bacteria as biological preservative for food
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Fermentation of various food stuffs by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is one of the oldest forms of biopreservation practiced by mankind. This review focused on Lactic acid bacteria isolated by screening method from traditional food products of African countries and their antimicrobial metabolites as natural preservatives to control the growth of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria in foods. Particularly in the use of various...
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Bacterial blight is one of the most destructive rice diseases that cause significant yield losses. The bacterial blight resistance gene Xa38 provides broad spectrum resistance against Xoo isolates in India. We validated the marker Os04g53050-1specific to Xa38 in the population derived from the cross of ‘‘CO43’’/ ‘‘PR114 (Xa38)’’. We also observed the expected marker allele pattern according to the...
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The effective protection of public health against water related diseases requires prevention, integration and management approaches. The selection of parameters and the determination of maximum allowable limits was undertaken in consideration to the WHO guideline for drinking water quality. This research was aimed at investigating the microbial quality of drinking water, biochemical characterization and identification of...
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Genetic variation in different accessions of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris (L.); Poaceae) assessed RAPD analysis
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Sweet sorghum is the most suitable crop for biofuel and grain yield production in arid and semi-arid lowland regions of Ethiopia. A study was carried out in Ethiopia during the 2015and 2016 crop seasons to determine the sweet sorghum genotypes for the potential of grain and ethanol yield, and genetic variability among the genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed that there was a highly significant difference among the 28...
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Beetal and Assam hill goats are prolific local goat breeds of India. Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) is considered as one of the important candidate gene implicated in prolificacy. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence of mutation in the exonic region of BMP15 gene of both Beetal and Assam hill goats. A total of 60 blood samples from Beetal and archived 100 samples of Assam hill goats...
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Biochar have been recommended as amendments in agricultural practices for carbon sequestration, improvement of soil physico-chemical properties and nutrient status. Studies were carried out on the effect of biochar and poultry dung amendments on a tropical soil microflora that was treated with two commonly used herbicides (priextra -180 ml/L and glyphosate -15 ml/L in 2.0 kg of soil sample) at 1.5 doses of their...
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The phenomenon of bacterial resistance is a well-known and well-researched phenomenon and is a global issue of concern. Therefore, we studied the production and mechanism of drug resistance of Enterococcus faecalis from water sources to ciprofloxacin, oxytetracycline, and ampicillin, following nitrogen and phosphorus eutrophication. We established microcosms to explore how nitrogen and phosphorus eutrophication affects (i)...
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The success of any crop improvement programme largely depends on the amount of variability present in the plant materials. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic variability and heritability for grain yield and quality traits in soybean as selection criteria in breeding for higher grain yield. The analysis of variance revealed significant variations among the genotypes. Estimates of phenotypic (PCV) and...
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Pesticides are identified as hazardous contaminants due to high toxicity and persistence in the environment. In this context, it is necessary to monitor these pollutants in the environment in situ, with the use of low cost analytical techniques and of quick response. Biosensors are presented as a complementary analytical tool to more complex techniques, such as chromatography. The present work aims to develop, in a simple...
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Phase variation mediating simple sequence repeat (SSR) in slipped strand mispairing is considered the most important mechanisms of genetic variation in Neisseria meningitides and in defense against host attack strategies despite elicitation of the immune system against commensal and pathogenic bacteria. We aimed to achieve in a silico study for determining the possibility of SSR within different positions of N....
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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L) is the major staple and principal food crop cultivated widely in lowland areas of Ethiopia. Drought and Striga are the major abiotic and biotic constraints to sorghum production and productivity in Ethiopia specifically in the testing sites. The adaptation of sorghum to a wide range of environmental conditions has led to the evolution and existence of extensive genetic variation for drought and...
EVALUATION OF PROTEIN QUALITY OF A COMPLEMENTARY FOOD PRODUCED FROM WALNUT AND FERMENTED MAIZE FLOUR
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This work aimed at formulating and evaluating the amino acids profile and protein quality of African walnut based complementary food using animal bio-assay. African walnut and maize grains (Zea mays) were processed separately into flour and formulated into blends containing 25 to 45% African walnuts. The most preferred blends were evaluated for protein efficiency ratio (PER), biological valve (BV), net protein utilization...
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Vitamin C in the human body acts as one of the main antioxidant agents, besides acting as cofactor for several types of enzymes. Since the 1980s, ascorbic acid has been used by healthcare professionals to maintain the permeability of central catheters in a hospital environment. Blood coagulation aims at hemostasis, where the clot obtains rigidity in the presence of the fibrin stabilizing factor (FXIII), which is activated...
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The field experiment was conducted in 2018/19 main cropping season at two locations using simple lattice design to evaluate 49 field pea genotypes including nine released varieties for generating information on genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and expected genetic advance for yield ad yield attributing traits. The genotypic (GCV) and phenotypic (PCV) coefficient of variation (GCV) ranged from...
Epidemiology and Mobilization of Arsenic in India: Embark on Bioremediation
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Arsenic (As) is foremost renowned threat for environment and societal well-being. Arsenic concentration is expanding at a disturbing rate in several countries. In nature, arsenic is present in combined state with metal ores and gets separated when anaerobic condition develops under the ground. People of affected regions are obliged to use arsenic contaminated water. Continuous use of As contaminated water causes cancer,...
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DrsB2 is an antimicrobial peptide with antiproliferative activity obtained from South American frog species Phyllomedusa bicolor. In the present study, Gold Nanoparticles were coated with DrsB2 peptide and the resulting DrsB2-AuNPs characterized using UV-Visible spectra. In vitro studies of the DrsB2-AuNPs utilized three cell lines; DU145 (prostate), HCC1395 (breast) and the vero cell line (control). These cell lines were...
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The anthropogenic load of antibiotics in Morogoro Municipality water bodies was estimated using the ELISA technique. Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits that are commonly used for detection of tetracyclines, sulfonamides and quinolones residues in meat, milk, eggs and honey were adopted for analysis of these antibiotics in surface waters. Thirty three sampling points were selected,...
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Africa has a lot of fermented foods which need to be further developed for improved nutrition. Many authors have documented interesting articles and reviews on fermented foods from different parts of the world. The climate in many African countries favours short-term storage of fresh foods. Storage facilities are inappropriate and the supply of light energy is irregular. This suggests that fermentation might serve as an...
Role of dietary practices in onset of type 2 diabetes and intervention amongst female population
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This research aimed to study the effects of dietary intervention on body weight and glycemic control among females having type 2 diabetes, find the behavioral health issues related to the disease, change the wrong dietary practices carried out by the patients for the purpose of nutrition intervention, and exhibit the change if any, in the form of their biochemical parameters. Here, a retrospective case control study was...
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The evaluation of the insecticidal effect of plants presents one of the approaches to the enhancement of phylogenetic heritage and an alternative to the use of chemical insecticides while preserving the environment. The insecticidal effect of the 2 plants Pistacia lentiscus and Zizyphus lotus naturally grown in Algeria was tested on the pine processionary larvae Thaumetopoea pityocampa. The aqueous extracts of the fresh...
Obtainment of Fermentable Sugars from Rice Husks by Enzymatic and Acid Hydrolysis
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The use of lignocellulosic biomass for obtaining biofuels and other based on microbial fermentation is a promising approach. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has worldwide importance, being its husks one of the most abundant agricultural wastes of the world. Because it abundance and low cost, rice husks may be promising prime matter for fermentative processes. The aim of this research work was to evaluate the hydrolysis of Rice...
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The purpose of this study is to prove the fertilization vitality in vivo through artificial insemination method in female goats. This study using a Randomized Block Design (2 treatments, 15 replications) and the semen was collected from 3.5 yeas old male Boer goat and injected into 30 female Etawah (PE) goats with following experiment variables. The experiment variables were semen diluent factors, P0 (control): Tris...
Development and evaluation of organic silicon nanoparticles
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Skin is an important component of outer beauty; it is the focus of many surgical and non- surgical procedures. Skin changes associated with intrinsic or extrinsic aging, such as wrinkles, sagging and pigmentation changes, can cause people to look for cosmetic procedures to improve the appearance of their skin. Studies demonstrate the importance of organic silicon in the production of type I collagen. The present work aimed...
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Malaysian Lates calcarifer (Asian seabass) is readily adapted to the freshwater environment and is suggested to have different long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids biosynthetic activities compared with other marine fish and yet to be determined. Additionally, fatty acid profiling of L. calcarifer byproducts are not yet studied. Hence, in this study, fatty acid compositions of L. calcarifer byproducts (head, liver and...
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Njemani is a type of traditional palm wine produced in the Shangaan tribe of Zimbabwe and plays an important role in many traditional functions and ceremonies. The wine is consumed in a variety of flavors from sweet to sweet-sour and vinegary. The main aim of the research work was to identify, analyze the biochemical and microbial changes that occur during production and documenting the whole procedure of Njemani...
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Rice plays an important role in feeding the world’s population, especially the people who live in developing countries. More than 90 percent of world’s rice is produced and consumed in Asia. Blast disease caused by Magnaporthe Oryzae is one of the most important diseases of rice in the world. This study evaluated the Power of 10 blast-specific SSR markers in determination of genetic diversity among 30 cultivars of...
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The purpose of this study was asses the influence of light spectrum and phytohormones variations on photomorphogenesis and water consumption by pomegranate cuttings and environmental microclimate changes. The research was carried out from August to November of 2018, on a completely randomized design, in a 4x4 factorial scheme, and with three replications. Four phytohormones concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100%) and four...
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An aquaponic system was built on a pilot scale at the Federal University of Grande Dourados, aimed at the sustainable production of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with intensive recirculation of water, together with the production of leafy vegetables. The aim of this research was to evaluate an aquaponics system as an alternative for sustainable production and rational use of water in agriculture. A greenhouse with a...
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Stylosanthes is a genus of Leguminosae family present in south America, employed as fodder, cover pasture and in recovering degraded soils. Chemical fertilization and mycorrhization were recently adopted to increase Stylosanthes spp. performances and resistance to abiotic stresses but there are no studies evaluating use of humic acids and essential oils. This preliminary work, carried on in greenhouse growing Stylosanthes...
Agar affects the efficient invitro regeneration in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
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Establishment of an efficient tissue culture protocol is an essential prerequisite in harnessing the advantage of cell and tissue culture for genetic improvement. The present study deals with the effect of desiccation created in the culture media i.e. in MS media supplemented with BAP (2.0 mgl-1) and kin (1.0 mgl-1) by increasing the concentrations of agar (0.8, 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0 percent). The observations were recorded on...
Bacterial enzyme, sulphate, nitrate and ultimate latex paint biodegradation
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The role of bacterial extracted enzyme, nitrate and sulpahte mobilization in latex paint degradation was investigated. The result revealed that degradation rate ie paint utilization was better enhanced by the presence of sulphate (SO42-) than nitrate (NO3-) though at no significant level (p>0.01). However, Bacillus species exceptionally mobilized nitrate (19.4mm) than sulphate (18.9mm). The overall mobilization rate for...
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The experiments were conducted in the fields of Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur during 2013-14, 2014-15 and 2015-16 cropping years. The formulated Trichoderma harzianum (Tricho-compost for soil amendment and spore suspension for seed treatment) and organic soil amendment poultry refuse either singly or in combination with chemical fungicide Provax 200 WP were tested against...
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Plasmid-mediated Multidrug Resistance (MDR) has serious implications for the empiric therapy against pathogenic bacteria. Twelve (12) bacteria isolates were identified and selected based on the ability to grow on Luria-Bertani (LB) agar medium containing 100µg/ml ampicillin. The isolates tagged; U01, U02, U03, U04, U08, U10 and U11 were from urine specimens, S05, S06, S07 and S12 from stool, while B09 was from blood. The...
Direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis from leaf and leaf derived callus of Momordica dioica Roxb
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The protocol was developed for both direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis from leaf explants and leaf derived callus of Momordica dioica. Direct somatic embryos were achieved form leaf explants after 5 weeks of culture on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l TDZ+2.0 mg/l L-Glutamic acid and influenced by other factors. This is the first report of this kind in M. dioica for the formation of somatic embryos directly from...
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The present study characterized the acute chemical compounds of Themeda quadrivalvis using GCMS and synthesis of green silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial pattern against different human pathogens. GCMS analysis revealed the presence of 51 chemical compounds which were present in the methanol extract of plant sample based on the retention time (8.385-47.395) with the major compound been 3-Methyloctadecane. The...
Assessment of variability among Striga hermonthica populations in Sudan using SSR markers
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Striga weed is considered to be the greatest biological constraint to food production in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Striga hermonthica is the most widespread among the species in the semi-arid tropical African zones. Seven populations of S. hermonthica were collected from five regions on sorghum and millet in Sudan and investigated with 12 microsatellite markers. Host speciï¬city or geography may play important roles in...
Novel extraction method and polymerase chain reaction amplification of crude microbial DNA from soil
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A rapid, inexpensive and large-scale DNA extraction method involving minimal purification that is applicable to various soil/ microbe mixture types was developed in this study. Results of evaluation of the novel technique indicated that pooling of several genomic DNA extractions and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons will reduce variation among samples. Using the bead beating DNA extraction method described here,...
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A field experiment was conducted on twelve sorghum genotypes against standard checks at Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Center (HSARC) sub sites for three consecutive years (2016-2018) to evaluate high yielding, insect pest tolerant genotypes and to assess the impact of genotype by environmental interaction on grain yield and yield components across diverse growing environments of western Oromia. Eight agronomic traits and...
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The host-parasite relationship in both the intermediate snail host and the definitive vertebrate host is complex and many questions remain to be answered regarding host-parasite interactions. Susceptibility and resistance of Biomphalaria snails to Schistosoma mansoni miracidia occur in different degrees using Random Amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). This work was carried out to determine what genes or gene products are...
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Bioactive compounds in plants have found a wide application in medicines due to their pharmacological or toxicological effects in man and animals. In vitro anti-plasmodial activity of the leaves of Alstonia boonei was studied to support its traditional use as a remedy for malaria. The ethanol extract from the plant was fractionated into ethyl acetate, chloroform and n-hexane fractions. These were subjected to in vitro...
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Climate change causes increasing the salinity crisis of arable land in the world. It is crucial to develop salt tolerant genotypes that can maintain optimum yield levels. Therefore, the aim of this study was to discover prospective genotypes tolerant to salinity by using Microsatellites/Simple sequence repeats (SSR) primers. Selection for salinity tolerant genotypes of rice based on phenotypic performance alone is less...
Biosurfactant, consortium, lipopeptide, exopolymer, hydrocarbon and crude oil
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Biosurfactants were produced using Pseudomonas sp, A. vinelandii and a consortium of A. vinelandii and Pseudomonas species using crude oil as substrate. The result of the Bacterial Adhesion To Hydrocarbon (BATH) shows 18.81 ± 4.32 %, 3.79 ± 0.82 % and 10.52 ± 276% for Pseudomonas sp., A. vinelandii and a consortium (Pseudomonas sp. and A. vinelandii) respectively, while producing 1.03 ± 0.03, 0.08 ± 0.02 and 1.22 ±...
The Effect of growth regulator in Micropropagation of tow Capsicum annuum L. Cultivars.
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The application of modern biotechnology for improvement of pepper productivity requires an efficient in vitro plant regeneration protocol. In this study an experiment was carried out to examine the effects of different combinations of plant growth regulators on the in vitro micro propagation of tow genotypes of Capsicum annuum L., ( Z215, Y195) thus optimizing the protocol for in vitro micro propagation culturing of nodal...
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Small-scale farmers of Kebbi State use a range of Ocimum (Scent plant) and cymbopogon (Lemongrass) plant species to protect their grain from insect infestation. This study aim at identifying from the range of plant species, the species and method of their preparation with bioactive compounds most effective against Tribolium castaneum. The different plant samples tested were either cultivated or collected from the wild,...
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