Objectives: The objectives of this work were to report cases of tracheal pathologies at the Fann National University Hospital Center in Dakar, to specify the therapeutic aspects and to compare different observations with data from the literature. Methods: This is a single-center, descriptive study that focused on 12 patients during a period from January 2015 to March 2024. The descriptive study was conducted by calculating frequencies and proportions for qualitative variables and calculating means for quantitative variables. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Microsoft Word and Excel version 16.66.1 software. Results: The mean age was 28.3 years (range: 2-72 years). The sex ratio was 1.4 in favor of males. Trauma was the most common etiology, 33.3% of the cases of trauma by public road accident. 50% of patients benefited from immediate surgery, 33.3% benefited from conservative treatment alone; 16.7% underwent surgery after failure of conservative treatment. The most common surgical approach was the right posterolateral thoracotomy. The most common surgical technique used was tracheal fistula repair with and/or without covering plasty (50%). The results of conservative treatment were favorable in 66.7% of cases. The morbidity of surgery was 25%. Mortality was 12.5%. Conclusion: Tracheal pathology is almost exclusively treated surgically. The etiologies are multiple. Conservative medical management has a higher morbidity than surgery.

Keywords: Surgery, conservative management, tracheal pathologies, CHNU Fann, Dakar