Abstract

Anacardium occidentale L., is an economically important cash crop seriously threatened by multiple biotic factors, including diseases. Updated information on the current situation of diseases in the cashew cropping system is limited, particularly in Tanzania. This narrative review provides, for the first time, an elucidation of the etiology, epidemiology, and management status of important cashew diseases in Tanzania. The review offers a comprehensive overview of major cashew diseases, including powdery mildew caused by Oidium anacardii, cashew leaf and nut blight (Cryptosporiopsis species), anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), and Fusarium wilt disease (Fusarium oxysporum), which can cause 100% yield and crop losses. A literature review has been conducted to explore available methods for managing these diseases, including the use of resistance/tolerance varieties, biocontrol, botanicals, and chemical fungicides. However, these management methods have proven ineffective against Fusarium wilt disease, partly due to a lack of familiarity among end-users. This narrative review suggests that the accumulated information can be disseminated to widen stakeholders' knowledge and improve the cashew industry. Further comprehensive research on diagnostic, modern breeding, and integrated management approaches to combat cashew diseases is of utmost importance.

Key words: Cashew diseases, Oidium anacardii, Cryptosporiopsis species, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum.