The study investigated the complex interplay between social relations and agricultural productivity among smallholder orange farmers in Mkuzi Village, Tanzania. The research explored the dynamics of trust, cooperation, and community support systems, emphasizing their crucial role in agricultural success. While recognizing the positive impact of social networks and community cooperation, the study identified prevalent mistrust and individualism as formidable barriers. Motivated by the unique social dynamics and agricultural challenges in Mkuzi Village, the research employed mixed methods, including surveys, interviews, and participant observation, to offer insights into the community's social fabric. It focused on smallholder orange farmers, selected based on the number of trees they cultivated. Key findings suggest that strengthening community ties and promoting cooperative efforts could significantly enhance productivity and market access for farmers. However, existing social relations hindered these collaborative initiatives. Recommendations included implementing trust-building programs, supporting farmer groups and cooperatives, enhancing agricultural extension services, addressing land tenure issues, and implementing security measures to curb theft. These proposed measures aim to create a more collaborative and productive environment for orange production in Mkuzi Village, addressing the identified barriers and fostering sustainable agricultural development

Keywords: Social Relations, Agricultural Productivity, Smallholder Orange Farmers, Community Cooperation, Mkuzi Village, Tanzania