Full Length Research Paper
References
|
AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) (1995). Official methods of analysis, vol. II. AOAC, Washington, DC. |
|
|
Araus JL, Serret MD, Edmeades GO (2012). Phenotyping maize for adaptation to drought. Front Physiol. 10(3):305. |
|
|
Bardgett R (2005). The Biology of Soil: A community and ecosystem approach. Oxford University Press, Oxford. |
|
|
Budelman A, Defoer T (2000). Not by nutrient alone: a call to broaden the soil fertility initiative. Nat. Resour. Forum 24:173-184. |
|
|
Denning G, Kabambe P, Sanchez P, Malik A, Flor R, Harawa R (2009). Input Subsidies to Improve Smallholder Maize Productivity in Malawi: Toward an African Green Revolution. PLoS Biol. 7(1):e1000023. |
|
|
FAO (2006). Fertilizer use by crop. Fertilizer and plant nutrition bulletin 17. FAO, Rome |
|
|
FAOSTAT (2008). FAOSTAT database. Production: Crops. |
|
|
FAO (2013). FAOSTAT Online Statistical Service. Rome: FAO available online at |
|
|
Hagmann J (1994). Lysimeter measurement of nutrient losses from a sandy soil under conventional-till and ridge-till. In: B.E. Jensen et al. (ed.) Soil tillage for crop production and protection of the environment. Proc. of the 13th Int. Conf., Int. Soil Tillage Res. Organisation (ISTRO), Aalbourg, Denmark. 24-29 July 1994. Int. Soil Tillage Res. Organisation, Aabourg. pp. 305-310. |
|
|
Hazelton P, Murphy B (2007). Interpreting soil test results. What do all the numbers mean? CSIRO Publishing, Victoria. |
|
|
International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA) (1992). International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), and Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Fertilizer Use by Crop. Rome |
|
|
Kamanga BCG, Waddington SR, Almekinders CJM, Giller KE (2014). Improving the efficiency of use of small amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on smallholders maize in Central Malawi. Exp. Agric. 50(2):229-249. |
|
|
Kumwenda JDT, Waddington SR, Snapp SS, Jones RB, Blackie MJ (1997). Soil fertility management in the smallholder maize-based cropping systems of Africa. In: The Emerging Maize Revolution in Africa: The Role of Technology, Institution and Policy. Michigan State University, USA. |
|
|
Mehlich A (1984). Mehlich 3 soil test extractant: A modification of Mehlich 2 extractant. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal.15:1409-1416. |
|
|
MOA (Ministry of Agriculture) (1991). Malawi guide to agriculture production. Lilongwe, Malawi: Ministry of Agriculture, Government of Malawi 120 pp. |
|
|
Moritsuka N, Izawa G, Katsura K, Matsui N (2015). Simple method for measuring soil sand content by nylon mesh sieving. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 61(3):1-5 |
|
|
Mustafa-Msukwa AK, Mutimba JK, Masangano C, Edriss AK (2011). An assessment of the adoption of compost manure by smallholder farmers in Balaka district, Malawi. S. Afr. J. Agric. Ext. 39:17-25. |
|
|
Niina K (1960). Complexometric Determination of Calcium and Magnesium-II-Application to soil analysis -The determination of calcium and magnesium in soil extracts-. Bulletin Forestry and Forestry Production Research Institute, Japan 128:145-158. |
|
|
Quaye AK, Laryea KB, Abeney-Mickson S (2009). Soil Water and Nitrogen Interaction Effects on Maize (Zea mays L.) Grown on a Vertisol. J. For. Horic. Soil Sci. 3:1. |
|
|
Ricker-Gilbert J, Jayne TS (2011). What are the Enduring Effects of Fertilizer Subsidy Programs on Recipient Farm Households? Evidence from Malawi. Staff Paper Series. Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University. |
|
|
Sakala WD, Kumwenda JDT, Saka AR (2003). The potential of green manures to increase soil fertility and maize yields in Malawi. Biol. Agric. Hortic. 21:121-130. |
|
|
Sanchez PA (2002). Soil fertility and hunger in Africa. Science 295(5562):2019-2020. |
|
|
SAS Institute Inc (2009). SAS/STAT® 9.2User's Guide, Second Edition. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc. |
|
|
Scotti R, Bonanomi G, Scelza R, Zoina A, Rao MA (2015). Organic amendments as sustainable tool to recovery fertility in intensive agricultural systems. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 15(2):333-352. |
|
|
Snapp SS, Borden HR, Rohrbach DD (2001). Improving nitro- gen efficiency: Lessons from Malawi and Michigan. In J. Galloway et al. (ed.) Optimizing nitrogen management in food and energy production and environmental protection. 2nd Int. Nitrogen Conf. Papers, Potomac,MD. A.A. Balkema Publ., Lisse/Abingdon/Exton/Tokyo pp. 42-48. |
|
|
Solomon E, Jafer D (2015). Yield Response of Maize to Integrated Soil Fertility Management on Acidic Nitosol of Southwestern Ethiopia. J. Agron. 14:152-157. |
|
|
Thierfelder C, Bunderson WT, Mupangwa W (2015). Evidence and lessons learned from long-term on-farm research on conservation agriculture systems in communities in Malawi and Zimbabwe. Environments 2:317-337. |
|
|
Tully K, Sullivan C, Weil R, Sanchez P (2015). The state of soil degradation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Baselines, trajectories, and solutions. Sustainability 7:6523-6552. |
|
|
US Composting Council (2008). Compost and its benefits. Factsheet, US Composting Council, Bethesda, MD. |
|
|
Vanlauwe B, Kihara J, Chivenge P, Pypers P, Coe R, Six J (2011). Agronomic use efficiency of N fertilizer in maize-based systems in sub-Saharan Africa within the context of integrated soil fertility management, Plant Soil 339:35–50. |
|
|
Vogel H, Hyangumbo I, Olsen K (1994). Effect of tied ridging and mulch ripping on water conservation in maize production on sandveld soils. Der Tropenlandwirt 95:33-44. |
|
|
Walkley A, Black IA (1934). An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 37:29-38. |
|
|
Yara (2008). The Fertilizer Market. |
|
Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
