Full Length Research Paper
References
AAFCO (1997). Association of American feed Control officials. Official Publication Atlanta, G.A. |
|
Abdallah AG, El-Husseiny OM, Abdel-Latif KO (2009). Influence of some dietary organic minerals supplementations on broilers performance. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 8:291-298. |
|
Anonymous (2008). Economic Survey of Pakistan 2008-2009. Economic Adviser Wing, Finance, Division, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad pp. 32-35. |
|
Bao YM, Choct M, Iji PA, Bruerton K (2007). Effect of organically complexed copper, iron, manganese, and zinc on broiler performance, mineral excretion, and accumulation on in tissues. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 16:448-455. |
|
Bao YM, Choct M, Lji PA, Bruerton K (2009). Optimal dietary inclusion of organically complexed Zinc for Broiler chickens. Brit. Poult. Sci. 50:95-102. |
|
Bao YM, Choct M (2009). Trace minerals nutrition for broiler chickens and prospects of application of organically complexed trace minerals: A review Anim. Prod. Sci. 49:269-282. |
|
Berger LL, Cunha TJ (2006). Trace minerals. In: Cunha TJ 2006 (ed), Salt and trace minerals for livestock, poultry and other animals. Salt Institute, Alexandria. |
|
FAO (2010). Director investment center Division. Poultry, Meat and Eggs viale delle term e di caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy. |
|
Du Z, Hemken RW, Jackson JA, Trammell DS (1996). Utilization of copper in copper proteinate, copper lysine, and cupric sulfate using the rat as an experimental model. J. Anim. Sci. 74:1657–1663. |
|
Duncan DB (1955). Multiple ranges and multiple F test. Biometrics 11:1-42. |
|
El-Hussein OM, Samia MH, Ali AR, Sohair AA, Abd El-samee DL, Ahmad A (2012). Olemy. Effect of feeding organic zinc manganese and copper on Broiler growth, carcass characteristics, bone quality and Mineral content in bone, live and excreta. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 1:368-377. |
|
Ferket PR, Oviedo-Rondon EO, Mente PL, Bohorquez DV, Santos AA, Grimes JL, Richards JD, Dibner JJ, Felts V (2009). Organic trace minerals and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol affect performance characteristics, leg abnormalities, and biomechanical properties of leg bones of turkeys. Poult. Sci. 88:118-131. |
|
Fly AD, Izquierdo OA, Lowry KR, Baker DH (1989). Manganese bioavailability in a Mn-methionine chelate, Nutr. Res. 9:901-910. |
|
Inal F, Coskun B, Gulsen N, Kurtoglu V (2001). The effects of withdrawal of vitamin and trace mineral supplements from layer diets on egg yield and trace mineral composition. Br. Poult. Sci. 42:77-80. |
|
Kamal MM (2010). Pakistan poultry- A success story and challenges of next decade National Poultry and Food Expo. Lahore. |
|
Kincaid R (1989). Availability, biology of chelated, sequestered minerals explored. Feedstuff pp. 61-22. |
|
Kratzer FH, Vohra P (In press). Chelates in nutrition. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida. |
|
Lesson S (2003). A new look at trace mineral nutrition of poultry: can we reduce the environmental burden of poultry manure? In nutritional biotechnology in feed and food industries. T. Lyson, K.A. Jaques: Nottingham University Press. |
|
Lesson S (2005). Trace mineral requirement of poultry- validity of the NRC (1994) recommendation. In redefining mineral nutrition. Nottingham Univ. Press. Nottingham. UK. |
|
Lu L, Ji C, Luo XG, Liu B, Yu SX (2006). The effect of supplemental manganese in broilers diets on abdominal fat deposition and meat quality. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 129:49-59. |
|
Mckay JC (2009). The genetics of modern commercial poultry, in Hocking, P.M. (Ed) Biology of Breeding Poultry. Poult. Sci. Symp. pp. 3-9. |
|
Mondal MK, Das TK, Biswas P, Samanta CC, Bairagy B (2007). Influence of dietary inorganic and organic copper salt and level of soybean oil on plasma lipids, metabolites and mineral balance of broiler chickens. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 139:212–233. |
|
National Research Council (1994). Nutrient requirement for poultry. Ninth Revised Edition, National academy Press, National Research Council, Washington, D.C. |
|
Nelson J (1988). Review of trace minerals chelates and complexes available to the feed industry Proc. Western Nutr. Conf. 2-36. |
|
Nollet L, Wakeman W, Belyavin C (2005). Replacement of inorganic Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn with Bioplex on growth performance and faecal mineral excretion in broilers. 15th Balatonfu¨red, Hungary Eur. Symp. Poult. Nutr. 173–175. |
|
Osman AMR, Raga MS (2007). Performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with commercial Zinc-Methionine. 4th World Poultry Congress Sharm El- Sheikh pp. 347-364. |
|
Ott EA, Johnson EL (2001). Effect of trace mineral proteinates on growth and skeletal and hoof development in yearling horses. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 21:287–291. |
|
Oyagi S, Baker DH (1993). Protective effect of copper-amino acid complexes against inhibitory effects of L-cysteine and ascorbic acid. Poult. Sci. 72:82. |
|
Paik IK (2001). Application of chelated minerals in animal production. Asian Austr. J. Anim. Sci. 14:191-198. |
|
Smith MO, Sherman LL, Miller LC, Robbins KR, Halley JT (1995). Relative biological availability of manganese sulfate, and manganese monoxide in broilers reared at elevated temperatures. Poult. Sci. 74:702–707. |
|
Steel RGD, Torrie JH, Ddickey D (1997). Principle and Procedure of statistics. A Biometrical Approach 3rd Ed. McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc., New York pp. 352–358. |
|
USDA (2003). U.S. Department of agriculture. AMS livestock, Poultry and grain Market News 16(18):1-3. |
|
Van Der Klis JD, Kemme AD (2002). An appraisal of trace elements: inorganic and organic, in poultry feedstuffs: supply, composition and nutritive value. J. M. McNab and K. N. Boomrman, ed. Cab Int., Wallingford, UK. pp. 99-108. |
|
Wedekind KJ, Hortin AE, Baker DH (1992). Methodology for assessing zinc bioavailability: efficacy estimates for zinc-methionine, zinc sulfate, and zinc oxide. J. Anim. Sci. 70:178-187. |
|
Xia MS, Hu CH, Xu ZR (2004). Effects of copper bearing montmorillonite on growth performance digestive enzymes activities and intestinal microflora and morphology of mail broilers. Poult. Sci. 83:1868–1875. |
|
Zhao J, Shirley RB, Vazquez-Anon M, Dibner JJ, Richards JD, Fisher P, Hampton T, Christensen KD, Allard JP, Giesen AF (2010). Effect of chelated trace minerals on growth performance, breast meat yield, and footpad health in commercial meat broilers Poultry Science Association, Inc. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 19:365-372. |
Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0