African Journal of
Biotechnology

  • Abbreviation: Afr. J. Biotechnol.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 1684-5315
  • DOI: 10.5897/AJB
  • Start Year: 2002
  • Published Articles: 12514

Full Length Research Paper

Drug resistance profiles and genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from pulmonary tuberculosis patients co-infected with HIV and Helminths at Jamot Hospital in Yaoundé, Cameroon

Genevieve Andoseh
  • Genevieve Andoseh
  • Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Jean Paul Assam Assam
  • Jean Paul Assam Assam
  • Laboratory for Tuberculosis Research and Pharmacology, Biotechnology Center of Nkolbisson (BTC), University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Cyriaque Axel Ambassa
  • Cyriaque Axel Ambassa
  • Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Lionel Ulrich Tiani
  • Lionel Ulrich Tiani
  • Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Diane Thiomo Kamdem
  • Diane Thiomo Kamdem
  • Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Joseph Paul Marius Koualiagnigni
  • Joseph Paul Marius Koualiagnigni
  • Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.
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Cedric Fossi Tchinda
  • Cedric Fossi Tchinda
  • Laboratory for Tuberculosis Research and Pharmacology, Biotechnology Center of Nkolbisson (BTC), University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Serges Tchatchouang
  • Serges Tchatchouang
  • Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Calvino Fomboh Tah
  • Calvino Fomboh Tah
  • Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Larissa Michelle Bakam Magoua
  • Larissa Michelle Bakam Magoua
  • Laboratory of Public Health Research and Biotechnology, Biotechnology Center of Nkolbisson (BTC), University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Jude Bigoga
  • Jude Bigoga
  • Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Joseph Kamgno
  • Joseph Kamgno
  • Higher Institute for Scientific and Medical Research (ISM), Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Leonard Numfor Nkah
  • Leonard Numfor Nkah
  • Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale, Campus WHO/AFRO, Villa D6, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.
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Francine Ntoumi
  • Francine Ntoumi
  • Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale, University of Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.
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Véronique Penlap Beng
  • Véronique Penlap Beng
  • Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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  •  Received: 10 March 2025
  •  Accepted: 22 April 2025
  •  Published: 31 May 2025

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a substantial public health problem due to co-infections, drug resistance, and the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). This study sought to evaluate drug resistance and genetic diversity of MTBC isolates from pulmonary TB patients co-infected with HIV and helminths at Jamot Hospital in Yaoundé, Cameroon. A cross-sectional design included 263 smear-positive pulmonary TB patients from April 2022 to March 2023, collecting sputum, blood, and stool samples. Sputum underwent TB culture, drug susceptibility tests, and spoligotyping. HIV was diagnosed with blood-based immunochromatographic tests and confirmed by immunoassay. Helminths in stool were identified using Kato-Katz and Mini-FLOTAC techniques. Among the 263 TB patients, 186 (70.7%) were male, 31 (11.8%) had HIV, and 35 (13.3%) had helminth infections. The drug resistance rate was 20% (26/130), with 6.9% (9/130) classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR), particularly among TB-HIV co-infected patients (66.7%). The predominant families were Cameroon SIT 61 (30.8%, 40/130) and Ghana SIT 53 (15.4%, 20/130). MDR Cameroon SIT 61 was found in TB mono-infected (2/2), helminth (1/1) and HIV (2/6) co-infected patients. This study highlights the impact of co-infections, and the Cameroon SIT 61 family on drug resistance in TB patients, indicating the need for targeted TB management in Cameroon.

Key words: Tuberculosis, co-infections (HIV and helminths), drug resistance, genetic diversity, Cameroon.

Copyright © 2025 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.

This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

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