Xenobiotic substances with biological activities survive in the aquatic environment and are considered environmental contaminants. Detailed data analysis is required to understand xenobiotic interactions in aquatic ecosystems and their impacts in these ecosystems. Fish is known to be highly susceptible to xenobiotic interactions, and xenobiotic chemicals can cause either synergistic or antagonistic biological effects. Heavy metal bioaccumulation in fish tissue endangers fish health, aquatic ecosystems, and consumer health. Researchers have examined different elements of fish toxicity and xenobiotics in fish, finding that xenobiotics cause changes in mortality, behaviour, physiology, with cellular and subcellular changes in fish. There have also been reports on various elements of xenobiotic modification at the cellular level that are linked to carcinogenicity. Water pollution and other serious environmental issues deplete aquatic environments, reducing biodiversity.Freshwater contamination can be detected by using fish that are sensitive to xenobiotics as an ecological indicator. This review dealt with discoveries in bacterial bioremediation and phytoremediation as well as insights into xenobiotic biotransformation in an aquatic setting.

Keywords: Xenobiotic compounds, Biotransformation, Eco-systems, Fish, Bio-monitoring