February 2011
Livestock-environment interactions: Methane emissions from ruminants
Livestock producers face a number of challenges including pressure from the public to be good environmental stewards and adopt welfare-friendly practices. However, environmental stewardship and animal welfare may have excitingly conflicting objectives. Examples include pasture-based dairy and beef cattle production where high-fiber diets increase methane emissions compared with grain feeding practices in...
February 2011
Lignocellulose for ethanol production: A review of issues relating to bagasse as a source material
Fossil fuels reservoirs have been declared to serve mankind’s needs more for a very limited time period. This notion has already initiated scientific search for alternatives. Amongst renewable resources for emerging biotechnological strategies to produce high energy-less volume fuels, cellulose is the most abundantly synthesized but stable carbohydrate of the biosphere. Cellulose has earlier been taken...
February 2011
Molecular characterization and expression analysis of chalcone synthase gene during flower development in tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa)
Chalcone synthase (CHS, EC: 2.3.1.74) is a key enzyme in the flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. In order to investigate the role of CHS in tree peony flower coloration mechanism, we isolated and characterized the CHS gene from Paeonia suffruticosa cv. Yu Ji Yan Zhuang and analyzed its spatial and temporal expression patterns during floral development. The cDNA sequence of the CHS gene...
February 2011
Analysis of genetic variation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 loci in Malaysian native chickens
The genetic diversity of 100 Malaysian native chickens was investigated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for two candidate genes: inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS) and natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1). The two genes were selected because of their important role in chicken’s immune system. INOS and NRAMP1 PCR products were...
February 2011
Genetic diversity of Myanmar rice and their implementation on management methods
Myanmar has diverse agronomic landscape and potentially preserves high level of genetic resources for important crop species. However, little study on rice landrace diversity in Myanmar has been done. Genetic and phenotypic variation to characterize rice genetic resource in Myanmar was analyzed using molecular markers as well as common garden experiments. Two populations of rice landraces, a seed-bank...
February 2011
Cloning and sequencing of phenol oxidase 1 (pox1) gene from Pleurotus ostreatus
The gene (pox1) encoding a phenol oxidase 1 from Pleurotus ostreatus was sequenced and the corresponding pox1-cDNA was also synthesized, cloned and sequenced. The isolated gene is flanked by an upstream region called the promoter (399 bp) prior to the start codon (ATG). The putative metal-responsive elements (MREs) were determined in the promoter region, where MRE 1, 2 and 3 were located in...
February 2011
Molecular and biochemical studies of some yeast strains
This work focuses on detecting the level of polymorphisms among eleven KSA and Egyptian yeast strains, as efficient tools to assess the genetic relationships and development of yeast strain-specific molecular fingerprints. Moreover, estimation of the amino acid concentration was efficient in selecting the protein rich strains for animal feeding source. To detect the polymorphism among the yeast strains...
February 2011
Genetic diversity and population structure of leaf-nosed bat Hipposideros speoris (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) in Indian subcontinent
Genetic variation and population structure of the leaf-nosed bat Hipposideros speoris were estimated using 16S rRNA sequence and microsatellite analysis. Twenty seven distinct mitochondrial haplotypes were identified from 186 individuals, sampled from eleven populations. FST test revealed significant variations between populations in the overall pairwise estimation (FST = 0.710;...
February 2011
Yield and quality response of drip-irrigated pepper under Mediterranean climatic conditions to various water regimes
This study examines the effects of different irrigation regimes on yield and water use of pepper irrigated by a drip system under field conditions during the 2004 growing season at the Soil and Water Resources Research Institute in Tarsus, Turkey under Mediterranean climatic conditions. The field trials consisted of three irrigation intervals (IF1:20±2, IF2:40±2 and IF3:60±2 mm of...
February 2011
Salt stress induced ion accumulation, ion homeostasis, membrane injury and sugar contents in salt-sensitive rice (Oryza sativa L. spp. indica) roots under iso-osmotic conditions
Excess salt induced ionic and osmotic stresses that disturbed metabolism and led to reduction of plant development. Previous studies reported that sugars in stressed plants were involved in stress tolerance. However, the role of sugars in salt-stressed plants against only ionic effects is still unclear. The objective of this research was to investigate accumulation and homeostasis of ions, membrane injury,...
February 2011
Difference in photosynthetic performance among three peach cultivars grown under low light conditions in greenhouses
The effects of low photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) on greenhouse grown peach trees (‘Qingfeng’: Prunus persica L. Batsch, ‘NJN76’: Prunus persica L. Batsch and ‘Maixiang’: P. persica var. nectarine) were investigated. Difference in photosynthesis rate (Pn) and stoma morphology among cultivars were studied. Furthermore, chlorophyll...
February 2011
Micropropagation and acclimatization of Bauhinia cheilantha (an important medicinal plant)
The objective of this study is to establish a micropropagation protocol for Bauhiniacheilantha. This was undertaken through an evaluation of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) effects, alone or in combination with a-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA), on the morphogenesis of different explants, taken from 20 day old seedlings grown in vitro.In the rooting, different auxins, indole-3-acetic...
February 2011
Inhibitory activity and organic acid concentrations of metabolite combinations produced by various strains of Lactobacillus plantarum
Metabolite combinations produced by Lacrtobacillus plantarum strains were studied by inhibitory activity test using Pediococcus acidilactici as indicator microorganism. The pH and cell population of L. plantarum strains were also determined. L. plantarum RG14 strain has significant (P < 0.05) lower pH but higher cell count than the other four L....
February 2011
Production and partial purification of extracellular tannase by Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 7162 isolated from tannery effluent
Diverse bacteria belonging to various taxa were isolated from tannery effluent of leather industries located at Ranipet, India and were screened for the production of extracellular tannase. One of the strains identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 7162 was found to produce tannase (3.4 U/ ml) at pH 6.0, 37°C and 100 rpm. Use of individual carbon and inorganic nitrogen sources resulted in lower...
February 2011
Growth and proximate composition of tropical marine Chaetoceros calcitrans and Nannochloropsis oculata cultured outdoors and under laboratory conditions
The growth and proximate composition of two marine microalgae, Chaetoceros calcitrans and Nannochloropsis oculata, cultured outdoors under shade (24 to 36°C, 140 µmol/m2/s) and laboratory conditions (environmental chamber, 23°C forC. calcitrans and 20°C for N. oculata, 150 µmol/m2/s) were compared. Outdoor cultures of both C....
February 2011
Effect of different concentrations of phenol on growth of some fungi isolated from contaminated soil
Phenol concentration in 25 water samples collected from three Egyptian Governorates (El- Gharbia, Kafer El-Sheik and El-Menofia) was assayed. The wastewater collected from El-Mehalla El-Kobra II (El-Gharbia governorate) was the most polluted sample with phenol and was equal to 0.0 88 mg/L. Czapeks medium was the most suitable among the other tested media for the growth ofHormodendrum bergeri, Fusarium...
February 2011
The effect of quality properties on Tulum cheese using different package materials
This study examined the effects of starter culture, pasteurization and packaging on the chemical, textural and sensory properties of traditional Tulum cheese. Cheese samples produced from pasteurized milk were found to have higher dry matter, fat and protein contents and acidity values than cheese samples produced from raw milk. No significant difference was found in the sensory properties of cheese produced...
February 2011
The effect of pegylation on the transfection activity of two homologous cationic cholesteryl cytofectins
Polyethylene glycol is being used increasingly to improve circulation times and enhance bioavailability of therapeutic molecules and nano sized macromolecular assemblies. Here, two homologous cationic cholesteryl cytofectins 3β[N-(N’,N’-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl] cholesterol (DC-Chol) and 3β[N-(N’,N’-dimethylaminopropane)-carbamoyl] cholesterol (Chol-T) with 2 and 3...
February 2011
Isolation, production, purification, assay and characterization of fibrinolytic enzymes (Nattokinase, Streptokinase and Urokinase) from bacterial sources
Nattokinase, Streptokinase and Urokinase are novel fibrinolytic enzymes which are isolated from Bacillus subtilis, β-haemolytic Streptococci and urine sample. The fibrinolytic enzyme Nattokinase, Streptokinase and Urokinase was purified from super natant of Bacillus subtilis, β-haemolytic Streptococci and recombinant E.colicontaining short fragment...
February 2011
Effect of chitosan on resist printing of cotton fabrics with reactive dyes
The concentration of chitosan, types of resist agent, curing temperature and curing time were varied to determine their effects on resist-printed cotton fabrics. An optimal chitosan concentration of 1.6% resulted in the greatest resist effect on printed cotton fabrics. For mixtures, a 6:4 ratio of citric acid : chitosan and an 8:2 mixture of tartaric acid : chitosan yielded the greatest resist effects. A...
February 2011
Isolation and detection of taxol, an anticancer drug produced from Lasiodiplodia theobromae, an endophytic fungus of the medicinal plant Morinda citrifolia
To determine the production of taxol from an endophytic fungus, Lasiodiplodia theobromae isolated from the medicinal plant Morinda citrifolia and also, to evaluate its cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cell line, taxol produced by the test fungus in MID culture medium was isolated for its characterization. The presence of taxol was confirmed by different chromatographic and...
February 2011
The potential role of flaxseed oil on lead acetate-induced kidney injure in adult male albino rats
Lead (Pb+2) intoxication may initiate many disorders in humans and animals. This study investigated the role of flaxseed oil in protecting rats against Pb+2 exposures. The results showed that the administration of flaxseed oil efficiently protected albino rats against the Pb+2 caused injury, as revealed by some improvement in the histological structure of kidney as well as the restoration of the...
February 2011
Animal experiment of periodontal tissue remodeling in application of mini-implant anchorage for incisor intrusion
The aim of the present study is to observe the remodeling of periodontal tissue in application of mini-implant anchorage for incisor intrusion in dogs. Six adult male beagle dogs were used for the experiment. On the buccal site, a mini-implant was placed at the interalveolar septum between the maxillary second incisor and the third incisor on each side. The six maxillary incisors were connected together...
February 2011
Insecticidal, brine shrimp cytotoxicity, antifungal and nitric oxide free radical scavenging activities of the aerial parts of Myrsine africana L.
The crude methanolic extract and various fractions derived from the aerial parts ofMyrsine africana were screened in vitro for possible insecticidal, antifungal, brine shrimp lethality and nitric oxide free radical scavenging activities. Low insecticidal activity (20 %) was shown by chloroform (CHCl3) and aqueous fractions againstTribolium castaneum and Rhizopertha...
February 2011
Interleukin-6 but not soluble adhesion molecules has short-term prognostic value on mortality in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Inflammatory responses represent an important element in all phases of the atherosclerotic process. This recognition has stimulated the evaluation of different inflammatory markers as potential predictors of cardiovascular risk. This study was designed to simultaneously measure serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell...
February 2011
A comparison of acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis of rutin
Rutin and its hydrolysis products (isoquercitrin and quercetin) are widely used as important materials in food and pharmaceutical industry. In this study, the effects of various acids and enzymes as catalysts on the hydrolysis reaction of rutin were studied. In comparison with acidic and enzymatic catalysis of rutin, the research results indicated that there was a sharp difference in the selectivity of...
February 2011
Host plant selection and oviposition behaviour of whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in a mono and simulated polyculture crop habitat
The host plant selection, oviposition behaviour and survivorship of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) was evaluated in green house. Three host plants cultivars namely: Brinjal (Solanum malagna), chilli (Capsicum annuum) and tomato(Solanum lycopersicum) were placed in a multiple crop habitat at 34 - 36°C, 70 - 80% relative humidity (RH) in a normal day light. There was a variation of...
February 2011
Antibiotic susceptibility of Lactococcus garvieae isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Iran fish farms
The rates of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance were investigated inLactococcus garvieae isolates obtained from diseased rainbow trout. A total of 250 clinically suspected fishes were obtained from 10 rainbow trout fish farms in Chaharmahal and Bakhtyari Provinces Iran which is a major trout producing area. L. garvieae strains were isolated from fish tissues such as kidney, spleen and...
February 2011
Efficient in vitro regeneration of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium L.) plantlets from nodal segments
Efficient plant regeneration system has been developed from the nodal segments of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium L). Nodal segments, after being sterilized with 1.0% mercuric chloride for three minutes, were inoculated inMurashige and Skoog (MS) media with varied concentrations of indole acetic acid (IAA), benzylaminopurine (BAP) and their combinations. Different parameters including shoot...
February 2011
A rapid and low-cost DNA extraction method for isolating Escherichia coli DNA from animal stools
The price of commercial DNA extraction methods makes the routine use of polymerase chain reaction amplification (PCR) based methods rather costly for scientists in developing countries. A guanidium thiocayante-based DNA extraction method was investigated in this study for the isolation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) DNA from goat, chicken, pig, cow and human stool samples. Two versions of the lysis...
February 2011
Carcass yield and characteristics of Karadi lambs as affected by dietary supplement of rumen undegradable nitrogen fed with Nigella sativa
The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of two levels of rumen undegradable nitrogen (7 and 10 g UDN/kg DM) fed with two levels of Nigella sativa(0 and 7.5 g NS/ kg DM) supplementation to rations of karadi lambs on carcass characteristics, using 2 x 2 factorial experiment. Sixteen individual Karadi male lambs were used (four lambs for each treatment). They were weighing approximately 34...
February 2011
Histological and histometrical changes of ostrich thyroid gland during summer and winter seasons in Tehran, Iran
The seasonal changes of ostrich thyroid structure in Tehran, which has a hot summer and a relatively cold winter, were studied. The study was conducted on thyroid glands of 20 ostriches in two groups (summer and winter group). The samples were collected by autopsy with a maximum of 0.5 cm thickness and were fixed in 10% formalin saline. The samples were embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5 to 6 µm,...
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