June 2011
Immune pressure analysis of protease and reverse transcriptase genes of primary HIV-1 subtype C isolates from South Africa
Synonymous (ds) and non-synonymous (dn) substitution rates and their ratios (ds/dn) were analyzed for 33 HIV-1 subtype C protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) nucleotide sequences each from antiretroviral naïve South African chronically infected individuals. The ds/dn ratios were calculated using the synonymous/non-synonymous analysis programme (SNAP). The ds/dn ratio for PR was found to be 5.3801, while for...
June 2011
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker efficacy for maize hybrid identification
Knowledge as to genetic diversity and relationships among maize hybrids is important for breeding strategies. The main aims of this study were to (1) estimate molecular genetic diversity among 30 maize hybrids by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers; and (2) compare the genetic relatedness values obtained from these marker types. A set of 30 maize hybrids was assessed. To...
June 2011
Cladistic relationships within the genus Cinnamomum (Lauraceae) in Taiwan based on analysis of leaf morphology and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) molecular markers
We examined leaf morphological characteristics, ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) genetic polymorphisms and ITS (rDNA internal transcribed spacer) molecular markers in 12 endemic species of Cinnamomum in Taiwan to determine their cladistic relationships. The leaf morphology and ISSR data support the division of the genus into sections Camphora and Cinnamomum. The genetic relationship...
June 2011
Expression of TLP-3 gene without signal peptide in tobacco plants using Agrobacterium mediated transformation
Plants are exploited as a source of food by a wide range of parasites, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, insects and even other plants. So paying attention to their protection is very important. One of the most important groups of defensive gene is pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. PR proteins are a group of plant proteins which accumulate as a result of different types of pathogens attack. Thaumatin-like...
June 2011
Genetic diversity of Shaanxi soybean landraces based on agronomic traits and SSR markers
Genetic diversity of a primary core collection of 91 soybean landraces from Shaanxi Province, China, was analyzed using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and agronomic traits. A total of 250 alleles were detected in the 91 soybean accessions, with a mean of 7.14 alleles per locus. The mean of polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.26, ranged from 0.11 for Satt184 to 0.60 for Satt242. UPGMA cluster analysis and...
June 2011
Rapid identification of the medicinal plant Taraxacum formosanum and distinguishing of this plant from its adulterants by ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) based DNA barcode
Original identification of medicinal plants is essential for quality control. In this study, the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) nuclear ribosomal DNA served as a DNA barcode and was amplified by allele-specific PCR. This approach was exploited to differentiate Taraxacum formosanum from five related adulterants. Using a set of designed PCR primers, a highly specific 223 bp PCR product of T....
June 2011
Effects of grassland management on soil organic carbon density in agro-pastoral zone of Northern China
The objective of this study was to estimate the soil organic carbon (SOC) in grasslands with different management measures including: (1) uncontrolled or free grazing grassland (FG); (2) grassland enclosured, excluding grazing and mowing (EG); (3) grassland enclosured and mowed early in October every year (MG) and (4) grassland enclosured under controlled grazing (CG) by examining soil bulk density and SOC content from...
June 2011
The effects of paclobutrazol and daminozide on in vitro micropropagation of some apple (Malus domestica) cultivars and M9-rootstock
This study was carried out to determine the effects of PP 333 and Alar-85 containing0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 ppm on the shoot image density, root image density, primer root number, rooting percentages, adventitious shoot numbers, shoot length and primer root length of apple rootstock-M9 and two apple cultivars (Starking Delicious and Amasya) in in vitro conditions. In vitro propagation of M9,...
June 2011
Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) of paper making process in Iran
Forests play an important role on carbon concentration, unchecked harvesting could cause increase in carbon concentration. In this study, the environmental impact caused by paper production at Pars Paper Factory, Iran, was evaluated using life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. The ISO 14040 series were used as references. The functional unit considered was producing one metric tonne of paper for one year. The Centre of...
June 2011
Comparison of date-palm wastes and perlite as growth substrates on some tomato growing indexes
Today, various organic matters are used as growth media. Most of them are combined with various materials, such as a mixture of peat moss and pine bark, or a mixture of peat moss and pine bark with mineral materials like perlite or vermiculite. All over the world, stone wool and other materials like perlite,...
June 2011
Effect of season, explants, growth regulators and sugar level on induction and long term maintenance of callus cultures of Ficus religiosa L.
The effects of antioxidant treatments, 2,4-D concentrations and sucrose level were examined in order to optimize the induction and long term maintenance of callus cultures of Ficus religiosa L. from different explants including nodal segments, inter-nodal segments and shoot apices. The explants subjected to incubation for 40 min in antioxidant solution (2% ascorbic acid + 2% citric acid) exhibited maximum...
June 2011
Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) enhance efficient and eco-friendly production of corn (Zea mays L.) in drought affected areas of northern China
In arid and semiarid regions of northern China, there is an increasing interest in using reduced rate of chemical fertilizer along with water-saving superabsorbent polymer (SAP) for field crop production. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of different rates of SAP (low, 0.75; medium, 11.3 and high, 15.0 kg ha-1) against half amount of conventional standard rate of chemical fertilizer for summer corn (Zea...
June 2011
The role of growth regulators, embryo age and genotypes on immature embryo germination and rapid generation advancement in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
One of the most important problem of tomato breeders is lengthy seed to seed cycle in a breeding program. In vitro techiques provide a lot of advantages for breeders. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of growth regulators and immature embryo age on embryo germination and rapid generation advancement in different tomato genotypes. For this purpose, four different tomato genotypes were used....
June 2011
Growth and yield of the sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) as affected by training system
Modern intensive production of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) tends to planting of high quality cultivars on the dwarfing rootstocks in high density orchards. The most productive training system is used, providing an ideal condition for undisturbed growth and yield. The main objective of this study was to determine the best training system of sweet cherry, considering regular and high yields...
June 2011
Isolation and characterization of two novel polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)-producing bacteria
Bioplastics are naturally occurring biodegradable polymers made from polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) of which poly 3-hydroxy butyric acid (PHB) is the most common. PHB serves as an energy storage molecule and accumulates intracellularly as storage granules in microbes. This work utilized the biodiversity of bacteria to isolate various species from different environments and screen them for their ability to produce PHB....
June 2011
Antioxidant activities of Parquetina nigrescens
The antioxidant activities of different extracts (aqueous, methanol and flavonoid) ofParquetina nigrescens and butylated hydroxyl anisole, as reference compound, were evaluated in terms of scavenging effect, reducing power and inhibition of Fe2+/ascorbate-induced mitochondrial lipid peroxidation in rat liver. Extracts of P. nigrescens scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) generated radicals in...
June 2011
Pseudo-affinity chromatography of rumen microbial cellulase on Sepharose- Cibacron Blue F3GA
Pseudo affinity adsorption of bioproducts on Sepharose-cibacron blue F3-GA was subjected to rumen microbial enzyme evaluation through batch binding and column chromatography of cellulase. The results showed that homogenizing method had better performance in the release of enzyme, so that the amount of enzyme in rumen liquor approximately doubled. Among the preconcentration methods, it was shown that freeze drying and...
June 2011
Determination of antioxidant activity in methanolic and chloroformic extracts of Momordica charantia
The aim of this study was to determine and compare the antioxidant activity of methanolic and chloroformic extracts of Momordica charantia (MC) fruit. In this study, the total antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities in methanolic and chloroformic were measured by ferric thiocyanate (FTC), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) methods. Total phenol...
June 2011
Antimicrobial activity of Berkheya bergiana leaves extracts
The leaves of Berkheya bergiana Soderberg (Asteraceae) were screened for phytochemical composition and antimicrobial potential. Phytochemical screening of the crude methanol extract showed the presence of various secondary metabolites.In vitro antimicrobial activities of the extracts obtained from six solvents were carried out against 28 bacterial strains using traditional methods. Chloroform extract...
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