Full Length Research Paper
References
|
Abdulkarim SM, Long K, Lai OM, Muhammad SKS, Ghazali HM (2005).Some physico-chemical properties of Moringa oleifera seed oil extracted using solvent and aqueous enzymatic methods. Food Chemistry 93(2):253-263. |
|
|
Amagloh FK (2009). Effectiveness of Moringa oleifera seed as coagulant for water purification. African Journal of Agricultural Research 4(2):119-123. |
|
|
Anwar F, Rashid U (2007). Physico-chemical characteristics of Moringa oleifera seeds and seed oil from a wild provenance of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany 39(5):1443-1453. |
|
|
APHA/AWWA/WEF (2012). Standard method 2130: turbidity. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 22nd edition. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation. |
|
|
Barakat H, Ghazal GA (2016). Physicochemical Properties of Moringa oleifera Seeds and Their Edible Oil Cultivated at Different Regions in Egypt. Food and Nutrition Sciences 7(6). |
|
|
Baypoli ONC, Galaz AA, Solano CB, Machado DIS (2014). Biochemical composition and physicochemical properties of Moringa oleifera seed oil. Acta alimentaria 43(4):538-546. |
|
|
Bongoni RJ (2019). Treatment of water with Moringa oleifera as a coagulant. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8(7):996-1016. |
|
|
Borst L, de Haas HA (2006). Hydrology of Sand Storage Dams - A case study in the Kiindu catchment, Kitui District, Kenya. Free University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands 146p. |
|
|
Caceres A, Lopez S (1991). Pharmacological properties of M. oleifera. 3. effects of seed extracts in the treatment of experimental pyodermia. Fitoterapia LXII:449-450. |
|
|
Crump JA, Otieno PO, Slutsker L, Keswick BH, Rosen DH, Hoekstra RM (2005). Household based treatment of drinking water with flocculant-disinfectant for preventing diarrhoea in areas with turbid source water in rural western Kenya: cluster randomized controlled trial. BMJ 331(7515):478. |
|
|
Dollah S, Abdulkarim AM, Ahmad SH , Khoramnia A, Ghazali AM (2016). Physico-chemical properties of Moringa oleifera seed oil enzymatically interesterified with palm stearin and palm kernel oil and its potential application in food. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 96(10):3321-33. |
|
|
Elliott MA, Stauber CE, Koksal F, DiGiano FA, Sobsey MD (2008). Reductions of E. coli, echovirus type 12 and bacteriophages in an intermittently operated household scale slow sand filter. Water Research 42(10-11):2662-70. |
|
|
Fahey J (2005). Moringa oleifera: a review of the medical evidence for its nutritional, therapeutic, and prophylactic properties. Trees Life Journal 1:1-33. |
|
|
Gassenschmidt U, Jany K.D, Tauscher B, Niebergall H (1995). Isolation and characterization of a flocculating protein from Moringa oleifera Lam.Biochemica et Biophysica Acta-General Subjects1243:477-481. |
|
|
Hendrawati H, Yuliastri IR, Rohaeti E (2016). The use of Moringa oleifera Seed Powder as Coagulant to Improve the Quality of Wastewater and Ground Water. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 31(1):012033. |
|
|
Gopalakrishnan L, Doriya LK, Kumar DS (2016). Moringa oleifera: A review on nutritive importance and its medicinal application. Food Science and Human Wellness 5(2):49-56. |
|
|
ISO (2016). International Standard ISO 7027-1:2016(E): Water quality - determination of turbidity. Part 1: quantitative methods. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization. |
|
|
Jahn SAA (1984). Effectiveness of traditional flocculants as primary coagulants and coagulant aids for the treatment of tropical raw water with more than a thousand fold fluctuation in turbidity. Water Supply 2:8-10. |
|
|
Jahn SAA (1988). Using Moringa oleifera Seeds as Coagulant in Developing Countries. Journal of American Water Works Association 80(6):43-50. |
|
|
Jahn SAA, Mussad HA, Burgstaller H (1986). The tree that purifies water. Cultivating Multipurpose Moringaceae in the Sudan. Unasylva 152:23-28. |
|
|
Jahn SAA (1991). The traditional domestication of a multipurpose tree Moringa stenopetala (Bak.f.) Cuf. in the Ethiopian Rift valley. AMBIO 20:244-47. |
|
|
Kasolo JN, GS Bimenya, L Ojok, J Ochieng, Ogwal-Okeng JW (2010). Phytochemicals and uses of Moringa oleifera leaves in Ugandan rural communities. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research 4(9):753-757. |
|
|
Kitheka JU (2013). River sediment supply, sedimentation and transport of the highly turbid sediment plume in Malindi Bay, Kenya. Journal of Geographical Sciences. Science Press Springer-Verlag (2393):465-489. |
|
|
Kitheka JU (2014). Assessment of modification of the Tana River runoff due to developments in the Upper Tana Basin. In: The Proceedings of the 2nd Hydrological Society of Kenya (HSK) Workshop: "Hydrology in Water Cooperation and Security for Sustainable Economic Development", pp.178-191. |
|
|
Kitheka JU (2019). Salinity and salt fluxes in a polluted tropical river: the case study of Athi river basin in Kenya. Elsevier Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 24:100614. |
|
|
Kitui County Government (2018). Kitui County Integrated Development Plan CIDP 2018-2022. Kitui County Government. |
|
|
Government of Kenya, GOK (2019). 2019 Kenya Population and House Census: Volume 1- Population by County and Sub-county. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. |
|
|
Kotlarz N, Lantagne D, Preston K, Jellison K (2009). Turbidity and chlorine demand reduction using locally available physical water clarification mechanisms before household chlorination in developing countries. Journal of Water and Health 7(3):497-506. |
|
|
LeChevallier MW, Evans TM, Seidler RJ (1981). Effect of turbidity on chlorination efficiency and bacterial persistence in drinking water. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 42(1):159-67. |
|
|
Lind EW, Morrison MES (1974). East African Vegetation. Longman, London. |
|
|
Makkar HPS, Becker K (1997). Nutrients and antiquality factors in different morphological parts of the Moringa oleifera tree. Journal of Agricultural Science 128:311-322. |
|
|
Mann AA, Tam CC, Higgins CD, Lodrigues LC (2007). The association between drinking water turbidity and gastrointestinal illness: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 7(256):1-7. |
|
|
Mayer FA, Stelz E (1993). Moringa stenopetala provides food and low cost water purification. Agroforestry Today 5:16-18. |
|
|
Morton JF (1991). The horseradish tree, Moringa pterygosperma (moringaceae)- a boon to Arid lands? Economic Botany 45:318-333. |
|
|
Moyo B, Masika P, Hugo A, Muchenje A (2011). Nutritional characterization of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves. African Journal of Biotechnology 10(60):12925-12933. |
|
|
Mune MAM, Bassogog CBB,Nyobe EC, René Minka SRR (2016). Physicochemical and functional properties of Moringa oleifera seed and leaf flour, Cogent Food and Agriculture 2:1. |
|
|
Muyibi SA, Evanson LM (1995). Optimising physical parameters affecting coagulation of turbid waters with Moringa oleifera seeds. Water Research 29:2689-2695. |
|
|
Nautiyal BP, Venkataraman KG (1987). Moringa (drumstick) - An ideal tree for social forestry: Growing conditions and uses - Part 1. MYFOREST 23:53-58. |
|
|
Ndabigengesere A, Narasiah KS (1998). Quality of Water Treated by Coagulation Using Moringa oleifera seeds, Water Research 32(3):781-791. |
|
|
Ndabigengesere A, Narasiah KS (1996). Influence of operating parameters on turbidity removal by coagulation with Moringa oleifera seeds. Environmental Technology 17:1103-1112. |
|
|
Ndabigengesere A, Narasiah KS, Talbot BG (1995). Active agents and mechanism of coagulation of turbid waters using Moringa oleifera .Water Research 29:703-710. |
|
|
Njogu IN, Kitheka JU, Otieno H (2018). Streamflow variability and sediment yield in North-West Upper Tana basin, Kenya. Hydrology Current Research 9(4):9:4. |
|
|
Nyamai CM, Mathu EM, Opiyo-Akech N and E Wallbrecher (2003): A reappraisal of the geology, geochemistry, structures and tectonics of the Mozambique belt in Kenya, east of the Rift System. African Journal of Science and Technology (AJST) Science and Engineering Series 4(2):51-71. |
|
|
Preston K, Lantagne D, Kotlarz N, Jellison K (2010). Turbidity and chlorine demand reduction using alum and moringa flocculation before household chlorination in developing countries. Journal of Water and Health 8(1):60-70. |
|
|
Sotheeswaran S, Nand V, Matakite M, Kanayathu K (2011). Moringa oleifera and other local seeds in water purification in developing countries. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 15 (2):135-138. |
|
|
Tinker SC, Moe CL, Klein M, Flanders WD, Uber J, Amirtharajah A (2010). Drinking water turbidity and emergency department visits for gastrointestinal illness in Atlanta, 1993-2004. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 20(1):19-28. |
|
|
Tunggolou J, Payus C (2017). Moringa oleifera as coagulant used in water purification process for consumption. Earth Science Pakistan (ESP) 1(2):1-3. |
|
|
United Nations (2015). Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, A/RES/70/1, New York, USA. |
|
|
WHO/UNICEF (2012). A toolkit for monitoring and evaluating household water treatment and safe storage systems. Geneva: World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Accessed 27 September 2016). |
|
|
WHO (2007). Water quality and health - review of turbidity: Information for regulators and water suppliers, Technical Brief, WHO/FWC/WSH/17.01, WHO, Geneva, 10p. |
|
|
WHO (2017). Guidelines for drinking-water quality, fourth edition incorporating the first addendum. Geneva: World Health Organization. |
|
Copyright © 2022 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
