Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic condition that can develop retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy, causes hyperglycemia due to reduced insulin action and secretion. This study investigated the use of adiponectin, insulin, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR as monitoring and treatment markers for type 2 diabetes. Benin City had 90 participants, 60 of who had type 2 diabetes and 30 healthy controls aged 29–60. HbA1c, fasting glucose, and lipid profiles were spectrophotometrically measured, while serum adiponectin and fasting insulin were ELISA assayed. Data analysis utilized SPSS 26.0 (IBM). Diabetic patients showed significantly lower adiponectin levels (P<0.05) and higher fasting insulin, blood glucose, HOMA-IR, and BMI levels (P<0.05) compared to controls. No gender differences were seen in these markers (P>0.05). Fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and BMI were all highly adversely linked with adiponectin levels. Lower adiponectin levels in insulin-resistant persons suggest that early assessment and treatment increase could improve insulin sensitivity, making it a promising type 2 diabetes diagnostic.

Keywords: Body mass index, Fasting insulin, Glycated haemoglobin, Diabetes, and Adiponectin