New records and new distribution of known species in the family Orbiliaceae from China

Key Laboratory of Higher Quality and Efficient Cultivation and Security Control of Crops for Yunnan Province, Honghe University, Mengzi 661100, P. R. China. College of Business, Honghe University, Mengzi 661100, P. R. China. Yuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yuxi 653100, P. R. China. Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China.


INTRODUCTION
Orbilia Fr., Hyalorbilia Baral et al. and Pseudorbilia Zhang et al. are the only genera presently accepted in the family Orbiliaceae Nannf (Eriksson et al., 2003;Zhang et al., 2007;Kirk et al., 2008).The model genera Orbilia possessed easily separated asci and paraphyses, the excipulum composed of globose cells, the asci arising from H-or L-shaped bases, and on the contrary the main characters of Hyalorbilia are that the asci arising from crosiers and conglutinated with the paraphyses by a gel, the excipulum cells composed of rectangular cells; the key features of Pseudorbilia are between Hyalorbilia and Orbilia (Zhang et al., 2007).The shape and size of spore bodies (SBs) and their distribution have been recognized as the key characteristic in specific classification within Orbiliaceae.
During the survey of the distribution of Orbiliaceae since the summer of 2005, three new records including O. xanthostigma, O. tenebricosa, H. fusispora and new distribution of five known Hyalorbilia species are firstly reported from Mainland China and provided clearer illustrations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The specimens were collected by J.W. The living ascospores were observed according to the methods presented by Baral (1992).Specimens were sectioned longitudinally using a freezing microtome at a thickness of 5-10 μm to observe the vertical structure of apothecia.Observations, measurements, and photographs were carried out with an Olympus BX51 microscope of differential interference contrast.

RESULTS
During the samplings Orbiliacious fungi were gathered on rot branches, more than 1500 specimens were collected from the south to Qinling-Huai Line.From these collections eight species of the genera Orbilia and Hyalorbilia were identified; three of them are first recorded from China and other five known Hyalorbilia species are stated new distribution in China.
Known distribution: Czech.New distribution: Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province, Jiangxi Province, Zhejiang Province, and Yunnan Province in China.
Orbilia fusispora was firstly described by Velenovský (1934).The key character is the approximately fusoid spores.According to the new taxonomic treatments (Baral and Marson, 2001), it was transferred to Hyalorbilia.Liu et al. (2007b)  The similar species is H. juliae (Velen.)Baral, Priou & G. Marson.They are similar in the shape of ascospores and the number of SBs, but obviously differ in the distribution of SBs.

Hyalorbilia arcuata
Hyalorbilia sp. that was the teleomorph of Dactylella lignatilis M.H. Mo & K.Q.Zhang, was firstly reported and widely distributed in Yunnan, China (Mo et al. 2005b).It was given specific name by Wu et al. (2007).The medium to strongly sickle-shaped ascospores is its key character.The shape of the ascospores and the distribution of its SBs of the present specimens are similar to the model species, but there is a slight difference in the size of ascospores [(4.6-)5.8-(-7.4)9.0 × 0.8-1.3µm vs 5.5-7.5(-8)× 0.9-1.2µm].An illustration of the species is also provided here.
Guo and S.F.Li from the south to Qinling-Huai Line including Henan Province, Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province, Jiangxi Province, Hubei Province, Hunan Province, Sichuan Province, Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province, Guangdong Province, Guangxi Province, Guizhou Province and Yunnan Province since September 2005 to July 2010, and deposited in Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources of Yunnan University.In addition, the specimens were collected by J.W. Guo and T.Z.Ye in Daweishan Mountain Reserve, Honghe City, Yunnan since October 2011, and deposited in Key Laboratory of Higher Quality and Efficient Cultivation and Security Control of Crops for Yunnan Province, Honghe University.
reported H. fusispora collected in China distributing in Beijing, Liaoning Province, Henan Province, Hubei Province and Jiangsu Province, but it should be H. ulicicola (a new species in the unpublished monograph of H.O. Baral) according to the shape of ascospores.
µm.Zhejiang Province and Yunnan Province in China.This is a rarely species in China, and usually parasitic on the ascomata of other fungi [such as Chaetosphaerella (Durieu & Mont.)E. Müll.& C. Booth and Nitschkia acanthostroma (Mont.)Nannf.].It is similar to H. brevistipitata but its spores have less SBs and larger size.
Province, Yuxi City, Tonghai County, Xiushan Forest Park, on rotten branch of unidentified tree, lying on moist ground, J.W. Guo, 7 June 2007, Th2-8.Known distribution: Europe; Kunming City, Yunnan Province in China.New distribution: Yuxi City, Yunnan Province in China.Ten samples of this fungus were collected in Kunming City, Yimen County and Tonghai County during May and June of 2005-2010.The sickle spores are similar to H. arcuata, but it has more longer spores up to 10-12 µm.