African Journal of
Microbiology Research

  • Abbreviation: Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 1996-0808
  • DOI: 10.5897/AJMR
  • Start Year: 2007
  • Published Articles: 5238

Review

Etiology and microbiology of periodontal diseases: A review

Vargas Segura A. I.
  • Vargas Segura A. I.
  • Food Science and Technology Department, Chemistry School, Coahuila Autonomus University, Blvd, V Carranza s/n, Col. Republica Oriente, Saltillo, Coahuila, CP 25280, Mexico.
  • Google Scholar
Ilyina A.
  • Ilyina A.
  • Nanobioscience Group (UACOAH-CA-91), Chemistry School, Coahuila Autonomus University, Blvd. V Carranza s/n, Col. Republica Oriente. Saltillo, Coahuila. CP 25280, Mexico.
  • Google Scholar
Segura Ceniceros E. P.
  • Segura Ceniceros E. P.
  • Nanobioscience Group (UACOAH-CA-91), Chemistry School, Coahuila Autonomus University, Blvd. V Carranza s/n, Col. Republica Oriente. Saltillo, Coahuila. CP 25280, Mexico.
  • Google Scholar
Silva Belmares Y.
  • Silva Belmares Y.
  • Nanobioscience Group (UACOAH-CA-91), Chemistry School, Coahuila Autonomus University, Blvd. V Carranza s/n, Col. Republica Oriente. Saltillo, Coahuila. CP 25280, Mexico.
  • Google Scholar
Méndez González L.
  • Méndez González L.
  • Dentistry School, Coahuila Autonomus University, Av. Cuquita Cepeda de Dávila s/n, Col. Adolfo López Mateos, CP 25125, Mexico.
  • Google Scholar


  •  Received: 04 June 2015
  •  Accepted: 16 October 2015
  •  Published: 07 December 2015

References

Ardakani MR, Golmohammadi S, Ayremlou S, Taheri S, Daneshvar S, Meimandi M (2014) Antibacterial effect of Iranian green-tea containing mouthrinse vs chlorhexidine 0.2% as in vitro study. Oral Health Rev. Dent. 12:157-162.

 

Bonifait L, Grenier D (2010). Cranberry polyphenols: potential benefits for dental caries and periodontal disease. J. Can. Dent. Assoc. 76:a130.
Pubmed

 
 

Brown LJ, Brunelle JA, Kingman A (1996). Periodontal status in the United States, 1988-1991: prevalence, extent, and demographic variation. J. Dental Res. 75:672-683.
Pubmed

 
 

Cionca N, Giannopoulou C, Ugolotti G, Mombelli A (2010). Microbiologic testing and outcomes of full-mouth scaling and root planing with or without amoxicillin/metronidazole in chronic periodontitis. J. Periodontol. 81(1):15-23.
Crossref

 
 

Colombo AP, Boches SK, Cotton SL, Goodson JM, Kent R, Haffajee AD, Socransky SS, Hasturk H, Van Dyke TE, Dewhirst F, Paster BJ. (2009). Comparisons of subgingival microbial profiles of refractory periodontitis, severe periodontitis, and periodontal health using the human oral microbe identification microarray. J. Periodontol. 80:1421-1432.
Crossref

 
 

Contreras A, Moreno S, Jaramillo A, Pelaez M (2000). Periodontal microbiology in Latin America. Periodontology 67(1):58-86.
Crossref

 
 

Dua K, Sheshala R, Al-Waeli HA, Chellappan DK (2015) Antimicrobial efficacy of extemporaneously prepared herbal mouthwashes. Recent Pat. Drug Deliv. Formul. 9:1
Crossref

 
 

Enwonwu CO, Falkler WA, Idigbe EO (2000). Oro-facial gangrene (noma/cancrum oris): pathogenetic mechanisms. Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 11:159-171.
Crossref

 
 

Escribano M, Matesanz P, Vascones A (2005). Pasado, presente y futuro de la microbiología de la periodontitis. Av Periodon Implantol. 17(2):79-87.
Crossref

 
 

Escudero N, Perea MA, Bascones A (2008). Revisión de la periodontitis crónica: Evolución y su aplicación. Avances en Periodoncia e Implantología Oral 20(1):27-37.
Crossref

 
 

Glick M, Muzyka BC, Lurie D, Salkin LM (1994). Oral manifestations associated with HIV-related disease as markers for immune suppression and AIDS. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. 77(4):344-349.
Crossref

 
 

Hambire CU, Jawade R, Patil A, Wani VR, Kulkarni AA (2015) Comparing the antiplaque efficacy of 0.5% Camellia sinensis extract, 0.05% sodium fluoride, and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash in children. J. Int. Soc. Prev. Community Dent. 3:218-226.
Crossref

 
 

Hart TC, Hart PS, Bowden DW, Michalec MD, Callison SA, Walker SJ, Zhang Y, Firatli E (1999). Mutations of the cathepsin C gene are responsible for Papillon-Lefevre syndrome. J. Med. Genet. 36:881-887.
Pubmed

 
 

Hewitt C, McCormick D, Linden G, Turk D, Stern I, Wallace I, Southern L, Zhang L, Howard R, Bullon P, Wong M, Widmer R, Gaffar KA, Awawdeh L, Briggs J, Yaghmai R, Jabs EW, Hoeger P, Bleck O, Rüdiger SG, Petersilka G, Battino M, Brett P, Hattab F, Al-Hamed M, Sloan P, Toomes C, Dixon M, James J, Read AP, Thakker N (2004). The role of cathepsin C in Papillon-Lefevre syndrome, prepubertal periodontitis, and aggressive periodontitis. Hum. Mutat. 23:222-228.
Crossref

 
 

Hugoson A, Ljungquist B, Breivik T (2002). The relationship of some negative events and psychological factors to periodontal disease in an adult Swedish population 50 to 80 years of age. J. Clin. Periodontol. 29:247-253.
Crossref

 
 

Hussain KA, Tarakji B, Kandy BP, John J, Mathews J, Ramphul V, Divaker DD (2015). Antimicrobial effecrs of citrus sinensis peel extract against periodontophatic bacteria:as in vitro study. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 66(2):173-178.
Pubmed

 
 

Jain I, Jain P, Bisht D, Sharma A, Gupta N (2015). Comparative evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of six Indian plant extracts against Streptococcus mutans. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 9(2):ZC50-3.
Crossref

 
 

Johnson GK, Slach NA (2001). Impact of tobacco use on periodontal status. J. Dent. Educ. 65:313-321.
Pubmed

 
 

Kroes I, Lepp PW, Relman DA (1999). Bacterial diversity within the human subgingival crevice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:14547-14552.
Crossref

 
 

Lalla E, Papapanou PN (2011). Diabetes mellitus and periodontitis: a tale of two common interrelated diseases. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 7:738-748.
Crossref

 
 

Lamont RJ, Jenkinson HF (2010). Oral Microbiology at a Glance. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley-Blackwell.

 
 

Lamont RJ, Hajishengallis GM, Jenkinson HF (2013). Oral Microbiology and Immunology. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press.

 
 

Leroy R, Eaton KA, Savage A (2010). Methodological issues in epidemiological studies of periodontitis-how can it be improved? BMC Oral Health 10:8.
Crossref

 
 

Lin X; Wu J, Xie H (2006). Porphyromonas gingivalis minor fimbriae are required for cell-cell interactions. Infect. Immun. 74(10):6011-6015.
Crossref

 
 

Ling L, Ho C, Wu C, Chen Y, Hung S (2004) Association between human herpesvirus and the severity of periodontitis. J. Periodontol. 75:1479-1485.
Crossref

 
 

Listgarten MA (1976). Structure of the microbial flora associated with periodontal health and disease in man. A light and electron microscopic study. J. Periodontol. 47:1-18.
Crossref

 
 

Lopez NJ, Da Silva I, Ipinza J, Gutierrez J (2005) Periodontal therapy reduces the rate of preterm low birth weight in women with pregnancy- associated gingivitis. J. Periodontol. 76(suppl 11):2144-2153.
Crossref

 
 

Marsh PD, Devine DA (2011). How is the development of dental biofilms influenced by the host? J. Clin. Periodontol. 38(Suppl. 11): 28-35.
Crossref

 
 

Modeer T, Lavstedt S, Ahlund C (1980). Relation between tobacco consumption and oral health in Swedish schoolchildren. Acta Odontol. Scand. 38:223-227.
Crossref

 
 

Moore WE, Moore LV (1994). The bacteria of periodontal diseases. Periodontology 2000 5:66-77.
Crossref

 
 

Naito M, Hirakawa H, Yamashita A, Ohara N, Shoji M, Yukitake H, Hattori M (2008). Determination of the genome sequence of Porphyromonas gingivalis strain ATCC 33277 and genomic comparison with strain W83 revealed extensive genome rearrangements in P. gingivalis. DNA Res. 15(4):215-225.
Crossref

 
 

Nesbitt M, Reynolds M, Shiau H, Choe K, Simonsick E, Ferrucci L (2010). Association of periodontitis and metabolic síndrome in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 22(3):238-242.
Crossref

 
 

Ramirez-Amador V, Esquivel-Pedraza L, Sierra-Madero J, Anaya-Saavedra G, González-Ramírez I, Ponce-de-León S (2003). The changing clinical spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related oral lesions in 1,000 consecutive patients: a 12-year study in a referral center in Mexico. Medicine (Baltimore) 82(1):39-50.
Crossref

 
 

Reeves A, Rees J, Schiff M, Hujoel P (2006). Total weight and waist circumference associated with chronic periodontitis among adolescents in the United States. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 160(9):894-899.
Crossref

 
 

Robertson PB, Walsh M, Greene J, Ernster V, Grady D, Hauck W (1990). Periodontal effects associated with the use of smokeless tobacco. J. Periodontol. 61:438-43.
Crossref

 
 

Robinson PG, Adegboye A, Rowland RW, Yeung S, Johnson NW (2002). Periodontal diseases and HIV infection. Oral Dis. 8(suppl 2):144-50.
Crossref

 
 

Ronderos M, Jacobs DR, Himes JH, Pihlstrom BL (2000). Associations of periodontal disease with femoral bone mineral density and estrogen replacement therapy: cross-sectional evaluation of US adults from NHANES III. J. Clin. Periodontol. 27:778-786.
Crossref

 
 

Sanz M, van Winkelhoff AJ, Herrera D, Dellemjin-Kippuw N, Simon R, Winkel E (2000). Differences in the composition of the subgingival microbiota of two periodontitis populations of different geographic locations. A comparison between Spain and The Netherlands. Eur. J. Dent. Sci. 108:383-392.

 
 

Saini R, Saini S, Saini SR (2010). Periodontal diseases: A risk factor to cardiovascular disease. Ann Card Anaest; 13: 159-61
Crossref

 
 

Segura EP, Méndez L, Márquez E, Vargas A, Gregorio K, Martínez JL, Ilyna A (2015). Effect of Carya illinoinensis, Quercus rubra and Smilax glyciphylla extracts, pectin and papain on the dental biofilm microorganisms. J. Pharm. Pharmacogn. Res. 3(5):118-129.

 
 

Silva AM, Newman HN, Oakley DA (1995). Psychosocial factors in inflammatory periodontal diseases. A review. J. Clin. Periodontol. 22:516-526.
Crossref

 
 

Slots J (1976). The predominant cultivable organisms in juvenile periodontitis. Scand. J. Dent. Res. 84(1):1-10.
Crossref

 
 

Socransky SS, Haffajee AD (1994). Evidence of bacterial etiology: a historical perspective. Periodontology 5:7-25.
Crossref

 
 

Socransky SS, Haffajee AD (2002). Dental biofilms: difficult therapeutic targets. Periodontology 28:12-55.
Crossref

 
 

Soskoln WA, Klinger A (2001). The relationship between periodontal diseases and diabetes: an overview. Ann. Periodontol. 6(1):91-8.
Crossref

 
 

Suvan J, D'Aiuto F, Moles DR, Petrie A, Donos N (2011). Association between overweight/obesity and periodontitis in adults. A systematic review. Obes. Rev. 12(5):e381-404.
Crossref

 
 

Tanner A, Maiden MF, Macuch PJ (1998). Microbiota of health, gingivitis, and initial periodontitis. J. Clin. Periodontol. 25:85-98.
Crossref

 
 

Taylor GW (2001). Bidirectional interrelationships between diabetes and periodontal diseases: an epidemiologic perspective. Ann. Periodontol. 6:99-112.
Crossref

 
 

Tervonen T, Oliver RC (1993). Long-term control of diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. J. Clin. Periodontol. 20:431-435.
Crossref

 
 

Tezal M, Grossi SG, Ho AW (2004). Alcohol consumption and periodontal disease. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.J. Clin. Periodontol. 31(7):484-488.
Crossref

 
 

Tomar SL, Asma S (2000). Smoking-attributable periodontitis in the United States: findings from NHANES III. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J. Periodontol. 71:743-751.
Crossref

 
 

Tsuda K, Amano A, Umebayashi K, Inaba H, Nakagawa I, Nakanishi Y, Yoshimori T (2005). Molecular dissection of internalization of Porphyromonas gingivalis by cells using fluorescent beads coated with bacterial membrane vesicle. Cell Struct. Funct.30(2):81-91.
Crossref

 
 

Yamamoto M, Kobayashi R, Kono T, Bolerjack B, Gilbert R (2011) Induction of IL-10- producing CD4 T-cells in Chronic Periodontitis. J. Dent. Res. 90(5):653-658.
Crossref

 
 

Yoshihara A, Seida Y, Hanada N, Miyazaki H (2004). A longitudinal study of the relationship between periodontal disease and bone mineral density in community-dwelling older adults. J. Clin. Periodontol. 31:680-684.
Crossref