Full Length Research Paper
References
Ahmed H, Metwally S, Mohamed M, Ahmed E, Nour S, Azmuddin M (2014). Evaluation of antioxidants, pigments and secondary metabolites contents in Spirulina platensis. Applied Mechanics and Materials 625:160-163. |
|
Aiba S, Ogawa T (1977). Assessment of growth yield of a blue-green alga: Spirulina platensis, in axenic and continuous culture. Journal of General Microbiology 102:179-182. |
|
Amala K, Ramanathan N (2013). Comparative studies on production of Spirulina platensis on the standard and newly formulated alternative medium. Science Park 1(1):1-10. |
|
Andrade L, Andrade C, Días M, Nascimento C, Mendes M (2018). Chlorella and Spirulina microalgae as sources of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and food supplements; an overview. Food Processing and Technology 6(1):45-58. |
|
Ayachi S, El Abed A, Dhifi W, Marzouk B (2007). Chlorophylls, proteins and fatty acids amounts of Arthrospira platensis growing under saline conditions. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10:2286-2291. |
|
Ballot A, Krienitz L, Kotut K, Wiegand C, Metcalf J, Codd G, Pflugmacher S (2004). Cyanobacteria and cyanobacterial toxins in three alkaline lakes of Kenya - Lakes Bogoria. Nakuru and Elmenteita. Journal Plankton Research 26:925-935. |
|
Bernal J (2002). Taxonomy of microalgae on the banks of the Clavellinos Reservoir, Ribero Municipality, Sucre State, Venezuela. Thesis of Degree. Department of Biology, Universidad de Oriente, Cumaná, Venezuela. |
|
Bligh E, Dyer W (1959). A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. The National Research Council of Canada. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology 37:911-917. |
|
Blumwald E, Tel-Or E (1982). Osmoregulation and cell composition in salt-adaptation of Nostoc muscorum. Archive of Microbiology 132:168-172. |
|
Borowitzka M (1995). Microalgae as a source of pharmaceuticals and other biologically active compounds. Journal of Applied Phycology 7:13-15. |
|
Campanella L, Cubadda F, Sammartino D, Saoncella A (2001). An algal biosensor for the monitoring of water toxicity in estuarine environments. Water Research 35(1):69-76. |
|
Chamorro G, Salazar M, Gomes K, Pereira C, Ceballos G, Fabila L (2002). Update on the pharmacology of Spirulina (Arthrospira), an unconventional food. Archivo Latinoamericano de Nutrition 52:232-240. |
|
Colla L, Reinehr C, Reichert C, Costa A (2007). Production of biomass and nutraceutical compounds by Spirulina platensis under different temperature and nitrogen regimes. Bioresource Technology 98:1489-1493. |
|
De Philippis R, Margheri M, Pelosi E, Ventura S (1993). Exopolysaccharide production by a unicellular cyanobacterium isolated from a hypersaline habitat. Journal of Applied Phycology 5:387-394. |
|
Domínguez X (1973). Methods of photochemical research. Mexico. Limusa pp. 81-226. |
|
Dubois M, Gilles K, Hamilton J, Rebers P, Smith F (1956). Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry 28(3):350-356. |
|
Faucher O, Coupal B, Leduy A (1979). Utilization of seawater and urea as a culture medium for Spirulina maxima. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 25:752. |
|
Gabbay-Azaria R, Schonfeld M, Tel-Or S, Messinger R, Tel-Or E (1992). Respiratory activity in the marine cyanobacterium Spirulina subsalsa and its role in salt tolerance. Archive of Microbiology 157:183-190. |
|
Gómez P, González M (2005). The effect of temperature and irradiance on the growth and carotenogenic capacity of seven strains of Dunaliella salina (Chlorophyta) cultivated under laboratory conditions. Biological Research 38(2-3):151-162. |
|
Gomont M (1892). Monographie des Oscillariées (Nostocacées homocystées) of Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique Series. Fortin 7(15):91-264. |
|
González E, Ortaz M, Peñaherrera C, Montes E, Matos M, Mendoza J (2003). Phytoplankton from five reservoirs of Venezuela with different trophic states. Limnetica 22(1-2):15-35. |
|
Guevara M, Arredondo-Vega B, Palacios Y, Saéz K, Gómez P (2016). Comparison of growth and biochemical parameters of two strains of Rhodomonas salina (Cryptophyceae) cultivated under different combinations of irradiance, temperature, and nutrients. Journal of Applied Phycology 28(5):2651-2660. |
|
Hamouda I, Doumandji A (2017). Comparative phytochemical analysis and in vitro antimicrobial activities of the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis and the green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa: potential application of bioactive components as an alternative to infectious diseases. Bulletin de l'Institut Scientifique 39:41-49. |
|
Jiang L, Pei H, Hu W, Ji Y, Han L, Ma G (2015). The feasibility of using complex wastewater from a monosodium glutamate factory to cultivate Spirulina subsalsa and accumulate biochemical composition. Bioresource Technology 180:304-310. |
|
Joset F, Jeanjean R, Hagemann M (1996). Dynamics of the response of cyanobacteria to salt stress: deciphering the molecular events. Physiology Plant 96:738-744. |
|
Klejdus B, Lojkovo L, Plaza M, Snoblovo M, Stěrbovo D (2010). Hyphenated technique for the extraction and determination of isoflavones in algae: ultrasound-assisted supercritical fluid extraction followed by fast chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 1217:7956-7965. |
|
Kumar A, Mody K, Jha B (2007). Bacterial exopolysaccharides- a perception. Journal of Basic Microbiology 47:103-117. |
|
Kumari A, Kumar A, Pathak A, Guria C (2014a). Carbon dioxide assisted Spirulina platensis cultivation using NPK-10:26:26 complex fertilizers in sintered disk chromatographic glass bubble column. Journal of CO2 Utilization 8:49-59. |
|
Kumari A, Sharma V, Pathak A, Guria C (2014b). Cultivation of Spirulina platensis using NPK-10:26:26 complex fertilizer and simulated flue gas in sintered disk chromatographic glass bubble column. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2:1859-1869. |
|
Laloknam S, Bualuang A, Boonburapong B, Rai V, Takabe T, Incharoensakdi A (2010). Salt stress induced glycine-betaine accumulation with amino and fatty acid changes in cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica. Asian Journal of Food and Agro-industry 3:25-34. |
|
Licet B, Guevara M, Lemus N, Freites L, Romero L, Lodeiros C, Arredondo - Vega B (2014). Growth and biochemical composition of Arthrospira platensis (Cyanophyta Division) cultivated at different salinities and nitrogen sources. Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela 53(1):3-13. |
|
Lightner D (1978). Possible toxic effects of the marine blue-green alga, Spirulina subsalsa, on the blue shrimp, Penaeus stylirostris. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 32(2):139-150. |
|
Lowry O, Rosebrough N, Farr J, Randall, R (1951). Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. US National Library of Medicine. National Institutes of Health. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 193(1):265-275. |
|
Magro F, Margarites C, Reinehr O, Gonçalves C, Rodigheri G, Costa J, Colla L (2018). Spirulina platensis biomass composition is influenced by the light availability and harvest phase in raceway ponds. Environmental Technology 39(14):1868-1877. |
|
Marcano D, Hasegawa M (2002). Organic phytochemistry Council of Scientific and Humanistic Development, Central University of Venezuela P 588. |
|
Marrez D, Naguib M, Sultan Y, Daw Z, Higazy A (2014). Evaluation of chemical composition for Spirulina platensis in different cultures media. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences 5(4):1161-1171. |
|
Marrez D, Naguib M, Sultan Y, Daw Z, Higazy A (2013). Impact of culturing media on biomass production and pigments content of Spirulina platensis. International Journal of Advanced Research 1:951-961. |
|
Mazur-Marzec H, BÅ‚aszczyk A, Felczykowska A, Hohlfeld N, Kobos J, ToruÅ„ska-Sitarz A, Devi P, Montalvão P, D'souza L, Tammela P, |
|
Mikosik A, Bloch S, Nejman-Faleńczyk B, Węgrzyn G (2015). Baltic cyanobacteria - a source of biologically active compounds. European Journal of Phycology 50:343-360. |
|
Molitor V, Erber W, Peschek G (1986). Increased levels of cytochrome oxidase and sodium-proton antiporter in the plasma membrane of Anacystis nidulans after growth in sodium enriched media. FEBS Letters 204:251-256. |
|
Möllers K, Cannella D, Jørgensen H, Frigaard N (2014). Cyanobacterial biomass as carbohydrate and nutrient feedstock for bioethanol production by yeast fermentation. Biotechnology for Biofuels 7:64. doi:10.1186/1754-6834-7-64. |
|
Murugan T, Rajesh R (2014). Cultivation of two species of Spirulina (Spirulina platensis and Spirulina platensis var lonar) on sea water medium and extraction of C-phycocyanin. European Journal of Experimental Biology 4(2):93-97. |
|
Nagle V, Mhalsekar N, Jagtap T (2010). Isolation, optimization and characterization of selected cyanophycean members. Indian Journal of Marine Science 39:212-218. |
|
Oliveira M, Monteiro M, Robbs P, Leite S (1999). Growth and chemical composition of Spirulina maxima and Spirulina platensis biomass at different temperatures. Aquaculture International 7:261-275. |
|
Otero A, Vincenzini M (2003). Extracellular polysaccharide synthesis by Nostoc strains as affected by N source and light intensity. Journal of Biotechnology 102:143-152. |
|
Pande S, Parvin K, Venkitasubramanian T (1963). Microdetermination of lipids and serum total fatty acids. Analytical Biochemistry 6:415-423. |
|
Pelizer L, Oliveira I (2014). A method to estimate the biomass of Spirulina platensis cultivated on a solid medium. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 45(3):933-936. |
|
Petrash D, Gingras M, Lalonde S, Orange F, Pecoits E, Konhauser K (2012). Dynamic controls on accretion and lithification of modern gypsum-dominated thrombolites, Los Roques, Venezuela. Sedimentary Geology 245-246:29-47. |
|
Premkumar K, Abraham S, Santhiya S, Ramesh A (2004). Protective effect of Spirulina fusiformis on chemical-induced genotoxicity in mice. Fitoterapia 75(1):24-31. |
|
Pulz O, Gross W (2004). Valuable products from biotechnology of microalgae. Applied Microbiology Biotechnology 65:635-648. |
|
Raoof B, Kaushik B, Prasanna R. (2006). Formulation of a low-cost medium for mass production of Spirulina. Biomass and Bioenergy 30:537-542 |
|
Reed R, Borowitzka L, Mackay M, Chudek J, Foster R, Warr S, Moore D, Stewart W (1986). Organic solute accumulation in osmotically stressed cyanobacteria. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 39:51-56. |
|
Rincón D, Semprun A, Dávila M, Velásquez H, Morales E, Hernández J (2013). Production of Spirulina maxima flour to be used as an ingredient in the elaboration of fish diets. Zootecnia Tropical 31(3):187-191. |
|
Rippka R (1988). Isolation and purification of cyanobacteria. Methods Enzymology 167:3-27. |
|
Rodríguez A, Triana F (2006). Evaluation of the pH in the culture of Spirulina spp. (= Arthospira) under laboratory conditions. Science Faculty. Pontifical Javeriana University. Bogota Colombia. [Online document] View. |
|
Rodríguez G (2001). The Maracaibo System, Venezuela. En Seeliger, U. & Kjerfve, B (Eds.), Coastal Marine Ecosystems of Latin America. Editorial Springer, Alemania. |
|
Romero L, Guevara M, Bernal J (2018). Crecimiento y pigmentos de Spirulina subsalsa cultivada a diferentes salinidades y concentraciones de nitrógeno. Revista Mutis 8(2):25-36. |
|
Senthilkumar T, Jeyachandran S (2006). Effect of salinity stress on the marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria acuminata Gomont with reference to proline accumulation. Seaweed Research and Utilization 28:99-104. |
|
Sharma G, Kumar M, Irfan M, Dut N (2014). Effect of carbon content, salinity and pH on Spirulina platensis for phycocyanin, allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin accumulation. Journal of Microbial and Biochemical Technology 6(4):202-206. |
|
Shrivastav A, Mishra S, Mishra S (2010). Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthesis by Spirulina subsalsa from Gujarat coast of India. International Journal of Biology Macromolecular 46(2):255-260. |
|
Sokal R, Rohlf F (1995). Biometry. The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research. 3rd Edition, W.H. Freeman and Co., New York. |
|
Szulbert K, Wiglusz M, Mazur-Marzec H (2018). Bioactive metabolites produced by Spirulina subsalsa from the Baltic Sea. Oceanologia 60(3):245-255. |
|
Thajuddin N, Subramanian G (2005). Cyanobacterial biodiversity and potential applications in biotechnology. Current Science 89:47-57. |
|
Vicente V, Ríos-Leal E, Calderón G, Cañizares R, Olvera R (2004). Detection, isolation, and characterization of exopolysaccharide produced by a strain of Phormidium 94a isolated from an arid zone of Mexico. Biotechnology Bioengineering 85(3):306-310. |
|
Volkmann H, Imianovsky U, Oliveira J, Sant'anna E (2008). Cultivation of Arthrospira (spirulina) platensis in desalinator wastewater and salinated synthetic medium: protein content and amino-acid profile. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 39:98-101. |
|
Zarrouk C (1966). Contribution of the study of a cyanophycea. Influence of various physical and chemical factors on the growth and photosynthesis of Spirulina maxima (Setch and Gardner) Geitler. Trab. Doct. University of Paris, Paris, Francia P 41. |
Copyright © 2025 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0