January 2012
Effects of using wastewater in agricultural production
he rapid population growth in many municipalities in the arid and semiarid of the world continues to place increasing demands on limited fresh water supplies. Many cities and districts are struggling to balance water use among municipal, industrial, agricultural, and recreational users. The population increase has not only increased the fresh water demand but also increased the volume of wastewater generated. Treated or...
January 2012
Two-dimensional (2D) crystallization of engineered proteins: A review
Protein¢ two-dimensional (2D) crystallization denotes the supreme degree of its ordering, thus 2D protein crystals can be applied in diverse fields ranging from structural biology to materials science with unique performances. To date, 2D crystallization of proteins, especially engineered proteins, is emerging as a powerful tool for bottom-up approaches to the nanofabrication of functional structures. However, till...
January 2012
Antibacterial activity of Lippa citriodora herb essence against MRSA Staphylococcus aureus
The search continues for safe and effective antimicrobial agents with which to treat, therapeutically and prophylactically, a wide variety of bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Lippia citriodora against MRSA. L. Citrofora were tested aginst Staphylococcus aureus by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disk diffusion methods. It was found that...
January 2012
Genetic basis of cefotaxime resistant isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Cairo
Resistance rate of uropathogenic Escherichia coli against different antimicrobial agents is currently a matter of concern. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 100 uropathogenicE. coli isolated from Saudi Arabia was conducted by broth microdilution method. The resistance genes for chloramphenicol, tetracycline, sulphamethoxazole and streptomycinwere checked by polymerase chain reaction...
January 2012
Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from children in Zahedan, Iran
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of death among children worldwide. This study was conducted to evaluate the antibiotic resistance patterns and seroepidemiology of invasive S. pneumoniae isolates in children of Zahedan. Invasive isolates of S. pneumoniaewere obtained from normal sterile sites (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, joint aspirate, peritoneal fluid and pericardial...
January 2012
Effects of forty strains of orchidaceae mycorrhizal fungi on growth of protocorms and plantlets of Dendrobium candidum and D. nobile
Dendrobium candidum and D. nobile, rare medicinal herbs in China, are difficult in artificial propagation due to symbiotic cultivation using endophytic fungi. In order to establish a symbiotic system, we investigated several decades of endophytic fungi from Orchidaceae plants in growth promotion of dendrobe (D. candidum and D. nobile). Forty strains were inoculated upon protocorms and plantlets of dendrobes and...
January 2012
The radioresistance analysis of the Deinococcus radiodurans gene DR1709 in human bone marrow cell line KG1a
Tumors continued to grow in many cancer patients after they received radiation therapy, which required higher radiation dose. But when high dose of radiation damaged tumor cells, some normal cells were also killed, which was the largest obstacle that doctors cannot use high dose radiation. If the radiation resistant genes were transformed into the normal tissues, the normal tissues would be protected from being damaged...
January 2012
Antibiotic produced by streptomycetes associated with rhizosphere of purple nut sedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) in Surakarta, Indonesia
Herbs and spices are amongst the most important targets to search for natural antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidants from the safety point of view. Leaf extract, seed powder and oil are known to exhibit the anti fungal as well as antibacterial properties. The investigations were designed to evaluate the potential of aqueous extract of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) against three soil borne fungi...
January 2012
Detection and analysis of airborne aerobes and Gram-negative bacteria and spread identification of airborne Escherichia coli using ERIC-PCR in hospital environment
This study was conducted to understand the enumeration and composition of airborne aerobes and Gram-negative bacteria and the spread of microbial aerosols in hospital environment. The aerobes and Gram-negative bacteria were identified and counted, and the similarity of Escherichia coli from different sites was analyzed by ERIC-PCR. The results showed that the enumerations of aerobes and inhalable aerobes in...
January 2012
Cellulase immobilization properties and their catalytic effect on cellulose hydrolysis in ionic liquid
Cellulase was immobilized on chitosan by the method of covalent binding. The optimum immobilized conditions were as follow: the pH value was 5.0, the glutaraldehyde concentration was 0.015 (w/v) and the formaldehyde concentration was 0.15 (w/v). Both the free and immobilized cellulase were characterized by determining the pH, temperature, thermal stability and storage stability. The optimum pH of both the free and...
January 2012
Optimization of medium composition for production of antifungal active substance from Streptomyces hygroscopicus BS-112
Streptomyces hygroscopicus BS-112 was isolated from forest land on Mountain Tai, Shandong Province, China. This bacterium showed broad-spectrum antifungal and antibacterial activities. The medium that was necessary for the production of antifungal active substances from S. hygroscopicus BS-112 was optimized by the Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Initially,...
January 2012
In vitro conditions for budded-to-hyphal-form transition of Trichosporon asahii of different sources
To investigate the hyphal-form transition of Trichosporon asahii (T. asahii) of different sources under different temperatures, media and cultural times; eleven T. asahii strains were isolated and maintained in RPMI-1640 medium, YPD liquid medium, Tween yeast bouillon (TYB) medium and 50% (v/v) fetal calf serum (FBS) medium independently to induce the hyphal growth. Culture was performed at 15,...
January 2012
Culture-dependent diversity of Actinobacteria associated with seagrass (Thalassia hemprichii)
A total of 110 culturable actinobacteria associated with seagrass (Thalassia hemprichii)were isolated using six different culture media, and their bioactivity potentials were analysed based on their genetic background on polyketide synthetase (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene sequences. Though the using of RFLP technique for sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, these selected 33 culturable isolates...
January 2012
PdMfs1, a major facilitator superfamily transporter from Penicillium digitatum, is partially involved in the imazalil-resistance and pathogenicity
Penicillium digitatum, causing green mold, is the most important postharvest pathogen of citrus fruits worldwide. Fungicide imazalil has been used in control of this mold for more than three decades. In the presence of imazalil pressure, imazalil resistance strain has risen worldwide. To explore the potential role of multidrug resistance (MDR) in imazalil resistance, a membrane efflux...
January 2012
Molecular resistance mechanisms to older antimicrobial agents in Eschericia coli isolates
Resistance rate of uropathogenic Escherichia coli against different antimicrobial agents is currently a matter of concern. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 100 uropathogenicE. coli isolated from Saudi Arabia was conducted by broth microdilution method. The resistance genes for chloramphenicol, tetracycline, sulphamethoxazole and streptomycinwere checked by polymerase chain reaction...
January 2012
Isolation and characterization of a Swainsonine degrading bacteria strain Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the possibility of Swainsonine (SW) degradation by bacterium. In a preliminary experiment, locoweed plant material was buried in soil for 6 months, and eight swainsonine-degrading bacteria strains were isolated from the soil around the buried plant by enrichment procedure. One of the strains (YLZZ-2) was selected for further study. Based on morphology, physiologic...
January 2012
Biodegradation of reactive red 195 azo dye by the bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris 51ATA
The sulphonated reactive red 195 dye (RR195) was used as carbon source and energy by the widely spread, eco-friendly, photoheterothrophic strain 51ATA that belongs toRhodopseudomonas palustris. This bacterium, which was isolated from Lake Akkaya, (NiÄŸde, Turkey), was able to completely degrade and mineralize the dye under anaerobic conditions with 100% efficiency. The degradation efficiency of this strain, in the...
January 2012
Selection of high organic chromium yielding yeast strain after space piggyback experiment and its characteristic
A high yield yeast strain with glucose tolerance factor (GTF) was screened from seven original yeast strains and seven strains mutated by spaceflight-induced mutagenesis through gradient concentration of chromium (Cr) plate cultivation and liquid fermentation cultivation with biomass of 40 g/L. By extracting glucose tolerance factor with ammonia and determining the content of Cr with flame atomic absorption...
January 2012
Improvement of lignin-degrading enzymes production from the white-rot fungus (Lentinus strigosus) and its application in synthetic dye removal
Cultivation of Lentinus strigosus, a white-rot fungus producing a ligninolytic enzyme, in a simple medium indicated the production of Lac and MnP in the secondary growth phase. The aim of this study was to optimize the nutrient composition for Lac and MnP production as well as to investigate the removal of synthetic dyes by the strain. Preliminary study showed cellobiose and L-asparagine as the suitable...
January 2012
Pathogenic variation and molecular characterization of Fusarium species isolated from wilted sesame in China
Twenty-five isolates of Fusarium species were obtained from wilted sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) grown on 25 farms from 22 regions of China. These were identified as Fusarium oxysporum (20 isolates) and other Fusarium spp. (5 isolates) by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of fungal ribosomal RNA genes. Molecular characterization...
January 2012
Mechanisms of fluoroquinolones resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from Saudi Arabia
This study was aimed to determine the resistance rate of fluoroquinolones for 112Escherichia coli isolates from Prince Salman Hospital, Riyadh and to detect the mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA and parC in the fluoroquinolones resistant isolates. The resistance rate of ciprofloxacin for E. coli isolates was 37.5%. Amplification and determination...
January 2012
Antimicrobial resistance, serotypes and genotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates associated with ocular infection in China
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important pathogen causing ocular infections, such as ophthalmia, dacrocystitis, conjunctivitis and corneitis. A total of 39 S. pneumoniae isolates were isolated from the eyes of pediatric patients with ocular infection aged from 0 to 2 years old in a Chinese children’s hospital. All tested isolates with penicillin minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from...
January 2012
The effect of aerobic exercise programme on trace element levels of young men
The object of this study is to search the effects of 24 week exercise programme on serum Trace element levels of young men. The exercise programme was applied during 24 weeks as 5 days/week. The serum samples were prepared after being diluted by 1% Triton X-100 (Sigma Chemical Co: T-9284) solution. Calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium contents in the serum samples were determined with Varian 240FS model “Flame...
January 2012
Bacteriological status of drinking water in the peri-urban areas of Rawalpindi and Islamabad-Pakistan
In order to ascertain the water quality for human consumption the microbial contamination was analyzed in a prospective study which was conducted in collaboration with National Institute of Health, Islamabad. This surveillance work was carried out during the months of July to August at the peak of summer season. In order to evaluate the objective parameters for assessment of the public health concerns in the peri-urban...
January 2012
Optimization of mannanase production by Bacillus sp. HDYM-05 through factorial method and response surface methodology
Bacillus sp. HDYM-05 was separated from flax retting liquid and identified as Bacillus cereus which was a new source of microbial mannanase. To optimize the medium components and condition of shake flask experiment for a higher mannanase production, factorial method and response surface methodology were used to obtain the maximal productivity by this species originally. The optimal medium components were:...
January 2012
Effects of magnetic field, pH and retention time on the lead (Pb2+) adsorption by modified human hair, goat hair and sheep wool
This research was carried out to investigate the removal of lead from water by modified sheep wool, human hair and goat hair because of their low cost than other methods. The modified keratin fibers by NaOH (0.1 N), is used in the elimination of Pb2+ ions from water. The effects of pH solution, initial concentration of lead in solution, retention time and magnetic field on elimination of Pb2+ were evaluated....
January 2012
Biocontrol of Fusarium udum diseases for some wheat cultivars by Streptomyces spororaveus
This work was designed to explore the potential of microbial antagonism in the control of wheat Fusarium disease. The in vitro studies showed that a 70% concentration of the culture filtrate of Streptomyces spororaveus significantly inhibited spore germination, mycelial growth and sporulation of Fusarium udum. The in vivo studies involved different treatments. The seed...
January 2012
Possible antiviral activity of montelukast against Herpes Simplex Virus type-1 and Human Adeno Virus in vitro
Montelukast (MLS) is used for the treatment of various allergic reactions. Viral infections are important, especially in exacerbation of allergic diseases. In this study, the apoptotic/necrotic responses of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1 and Human Adenovirus (HAdV) isolate in HEp-2 and Vero cell cultures were compared with the presence or absence of non-toxic doses of pure MLS. The non-toxic dose of pure MLS for both cell...
January 2012
First report of an unrecorded nematode-trapping fungus species Dactylellina candidum in Korea
Dactylellina candidum, a fungus that captures nematodes by means of non-constricting rings and stalked adhesive knobs, was isolated from rotten wood in the Euiseong area, South Korea. This fungus produces 1–3 fusiform or clavi-fusiform conidia, which are 2–4-septate (mainly 4-septate) and sized 36.0–45.4 × 7.3–9.7 µm (L × W), at the conidiophore apex. This is the first...
January 2012
Antifungal activity of local fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) extract to growth responses of some soil diseases
Herbs and spices are amongst the most important targets to search for natural antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidants from the safety point of view. Leaf extract, seed powder and oil are known to exhibit the anti fungal as well as antibacterial properties. The investigations were designed to evaluate the potential of aqueous extract of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) against three soil borne fungi...
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