November 2009
The agronomic potential of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) in cereals– legume mixtures in Africa
Low yield currently experienced in mixed cereal-legume systems in Africa, is a manifestation of different biotic and abiotic constraints to crop production. These constraints include low availability of different soil mineral elements, toxicity due to heavy metals and hence tissue damage by reactive oxygen species, low N2-fixation from legumes, poor soil structure leading to low soil moisture availability, weeds, pests...
November 2009
Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and ESBL prevalence in Klebsiella pneumoniae from urinary tract infections in the North-West of Pakistan
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are the most prevalent infections worldwide both in males and females. Klebsiella is one of the major pathogens causing UTIs. These bacteria also produce enzymes called Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) which render penicillins and cephalosporins inactive. The present study included 92 Klebsiella pneumoniae, isolated from urine of patients suffering from UTIs....
November 2009
Shiga toxins (Verocytotoxins)
Shiga toxins (Stxs) also called Verocytotoxins (Vtxs) and Shiga-like toxins (SLTs), are bacterial toxins produced by some members of the Enterobacteriaceaeparticulary Shigella dysenteriae and Escherichia coli 0157:H7 as well asAcinetobacter spp (Moraxellaceae), Enterobacter cloacae and Aeromonas hymophilus. The toxin is made of two moieties, the B-moiety that is responsible...
November 2009
Antifungal resistance among Candida species from patients with genitourinary tract infection isolated in Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria
Even though there are abundant documented works on the prevalence of Candidaspecies affecting the genitourinary tracts in Nigeria, yet data on their susceptibilities to antifungal agents are lacking. To determine the antifungal resistance amongCandida species from the genitourinary tracts, 439 urine and high vaginal swab (HVS) samples collected from April to September, 2008 from female patients clinically...
November 2009
Assessment of the antimicrobial activity of the root extracts from Chrysocoma ciliata L.
Chrysocoma ciliata L. is a medicinal plant used in the management of pains, stomach and menstrual disorder in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Studies were conducted to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of the root extracts using agar dilution method against 10 bacteria and 4 fungi species. The methanol and acetone extracts inhibited the majority of the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at...
November 2009
Cytokinin production by some bacteria: Its impact on cell division in cucumber cotyledons
Bacterial strains isolated from rhizosphere of different plants were screened for cytokinin production by developing a simple and rapid bioassay technique. The assay was based on the ability of cytokinin to stimulate greening in etiolated cucumber cotyledons. Isolated bacterial strains were grown on half of 0.6% agar plate for 96 h at 30°C. Etiolated cucumber cotyledons were placed at 2 mm distance from bacterial...
November 2009
Gut microbiota of fast and slow growing grouper Epinephelus coioides
Although the gut microbiota of fish has been studied extensively using traditional or molecular techniques, little information is available on the correlation between gut microbiota and growth of host fish. In the present study, the gut microbiota of two groups of juvenile grouper Epinephelus coioides, slow growing (SG) and fast growing (FG) grouper at 75 days post-hatch (DPH), were investigated by using standard...
November 2009
Direct production of ethanol from raw sweet potato starch using genetically engineered Zymomonas mobilis
The direct production of ethanol from sweet potato starch by Zymomonas mobilisrequired the construction of four fused glucoamylase genes from Aspergillus awamori using recombinant polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and inserted into the broad-host-range vector pBBR1MCS-2. After electro transformation of the four recombinant plasmids into Z. mobilis, it was discovered that only the plasmid pGA0...
November 2009
Thermostable direct hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus induces morphological changes and disrupts actin in cultured human epithelial cells
The effects of thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus on HeLa and Intestine 407 cells were evaluated. The both cells were unexposed and exposed to TDH in the cytotoxic conditions. As assessed by fluorescent actin-staining, TDH-exposed cells showed morphological changes including detachment of cells from their neighbors, apparent loss of cytoplasm with shrinkage of most of the cells....
November 2009
Staphylococcus aureus isolates from clinical and environmental samples in a semi-rural area of Cameroon: phenotypic characterization of isolates
This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in clinical and environmental samples and their susceptibility pattern to antibiotics. A total of 231 samples comprising 127 clinical specimens obtained from patients and health personnel of various health facilities and 104 environmental samples from these facilities were screened for S. aureus using standard...
November 2009
Antagonistic activities of local actinomycete isolates against rice fungal pathogens
Several actinomycete isolates obtained from various habitats in Manipur were screened for activity against some major rice fungal pathogens such as Curvularia oryzae MTCC 2605, Pyricularia oryzae MTCC 1477, Bipolaris oryzae LSMU1, andFusarium oxysporum MTCC 287. LSCH-10C, NRP1-14, NRP1-18 and NRP1-26 showed potent antagonistic activities in dual culture assay. Among 33 indigenous...
November 2009
The effects of albendazole and povidone iodine for hydatid cysts protoscoleces, ın-vitro and -vivo
The aim of using chemotherapy for inactivating protoscoleces is to prevent dissemination. The most suitable way to apply chemotherapy is to inject killing substances directly to the hydatid cysts protoscoleces. We performed our experiments with 95% live hydatid cyst protoscoleces. In in-vivo experiments, in survey group mice, no hydatid cyst was observed in the first and second group which 1 g/L and 100...
November 2009
Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) oil: Diallyl sulfide content and antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogenic bacteria
Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) oil was studied for its major diallyl sulfide content and its antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogenic bacteria including Bacillus cereus, Camplobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytgenes,Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio cholerae. The oil had a very low concentration of diallyl...
November 2009
Reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae among animals sympatric to humans in Senegal: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in bacteria in a black rat (Rattus rattus)
In Senegal, rectal swabs from cattle, wild rodents and chiropterans were cultured for entero-bacteriaceae. Isolates were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Two cefotaxime-resistant isolates were found in a black rat (Rattus rattus): a multiresistant Escherichia coli with blaCTX-M-15 gene and Enterobacter cloacaeresistant to ampicillin and cephalotin...
November 2009
Antitumor activity in vitro and volatile components of metabolites from myxobacteria Stigmatella WXNXJ-B
Myxobacteria can generally produce large families of secondary metabolites with various bioactivities, such as antifungal and antitumor activities. In this paper, the metabolites absorbed by the resin, XAD16 from Stigmatella WXNXJ-B exhibited a high level of antitumor activities in vitro. The IC50 values were 14.34, 4.11, 16.36 and 19.46 μg/ml on mouse melanoma cell lines, murine colon carcinoma...
November 2009
Isolation and characterization of polyaromatic hydrocarbons-degrading bacteria from different Qatari soils
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacteria were isolated from contaminated soil samples collected from the industrial zone at Umm-Saied city, state of Qatar. Isolation was occurred by enrichment using naphthalene, phenanthrene or anthracene as the sole source of carbon and energy. The isolates were characterized using a variety of phenotypic, morphologic and molecular properties. Three isolates showed the...
November 2009
Comparative analysis of proteins, drug resistance, and biofilm formation in free-swimming bacteria and their surface-attached counterparts
In this study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 cells were cultured to confluence, and the bactericidal activity of ceftazidime, imipenem, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin against planktonic bacteria and 1-day-old, 3-day-old, and 5-day-old biofilm cells were measured. The results showed that the bactericidal activity of the above-mentioned antibiotics against 5-day-old biofilm...
November 2009
Effects of angelica polysaccharide on hepatocytes apoptosis induced by exhaustive exercise
The study aims at assessing the effects of angelica polysaccharide (APS) on hepatocytes apoptosis in rats induced by exhaustive exercise. The exhaustive-exercise rat model was established by dividing 32 male Wistar rats into four groups randomly. The groups were the normal control group (NC), exhausting exercises control group (EC), low dose APS group (LA) and high dose APS group (HA). The immunohistochemistry staining...
November 2009
Antimicrobial activity of the leaves of Verbascum sinuatum L. on microorganisms isolated from urinary tract infection
The ethanolic extracts obtained from the leaves of Verbascum sinuatum L. (Scrophulariaceae) were investigated for their antimicrobial activities against the pathogens causing complicated urine tract infection (Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pnemoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilisand Candida albicans) disk diffusion method and microdilution method. Some...
November 2009
Attraction of pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, to the endoparasitic fungus Esteya vermicola
The investigations on attraction of nematodes to nematophagous fungi have mostly dealt with the nematode-trapping species and just were limited to the assays on plate. In present study, attraction of pinewood nematodes to the living mycelia ofendoparasitic fungus, Esteya vermicola, was investigated. It was confirmed that the living mycelia of E. vermicola were attractive not only to pinewood...
November 2009
Can cystıc echınococcosıs trıgger autoımmunıty?
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis and disseminated disease in worldwide caused by larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Little is known about parasitic molecules that behave like immunomodulatory antigens and the mechanisms that they use to evade the host’s immune response. Some authors suggested that immunomodulatory antigens of E. granulosus can directly inhibit the basic immune cell...
November 2009
Effects of Rhizobium inoculation, lime and molybdenum on photosynthesis and chlorophyll content of Phaseolus vulgaris L.
The effects of Rhizobium inoculation, lime and molybdenum on photosynthesis and chlorophyll content of Phaseolus vulgaris L. were investigated in a split-split plot design in a greenhouse and field experiment. Results showed that R. inoculation, molybdenum and lime had significant effects on the leaf chlorophyll content (Chl), the photosynthesis (A), the intercellular...
November 2009
Characterization of a Shiga toxin 2-encoding bacteriophage ФMin27 isolated from Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strain of China
A Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) -encoding bacteriophage ФMin27, isolated from Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain of China, having a regular hexagonal head and short tail, was integrated into the host wrbA gene and sequenced with a length of 63,395 nucleotides. ФMin27 had a high homology compared to reported Stx2 phage 933W, while three genes (O, P and ORF31) in the replication region were homologous to...
November 2009
Restriction fragment length polymorphism of bovine growth hormone gene intron 3 and its association with testis biometry traits in Iranian Holstein bull
The association of bovine growth hormone gene polymorphism with testis biometry trait as average testis length (ATL), average testis width (ATW) and scrotum circumference (SC) in Iranian Holstein bulls. PCR-RFLP method with Msp-I restriction enzyme was used for genotyping. The frequency of the MspI+(C) and MspI-(D) alleles are 0.883 and 0.117 respectively. The genotype frequency for CC, CD and DD were 0.787, 0.191. The...
November 2009
Characterization of beneficial properties of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolated from sweet potato rhizosphere
Laboratory study was conducted to characterize the beneficial properties of plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) strains isolated from sweet potato rhizosphere. Fifteen rhizobacterial (PGPR) strains were screened for indole acetic acid (IAA) production with and without addition of the precursor L-tryptophan (L-TRP), phosphate-solubilizing activity, and nitrogen production, antagonistic activity against fungal...
November 2009
IL-8 serum levels in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection and relation between serological markers
In this study we aimed to investigate IL-8 levels in dyspeptic patients withHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and in control group. Our study group consists of 172 patients with dyspepsia who underwent upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy. On the day of taking gastric tissues, serum samples were taken.H. pylori were investigated from gastric tissues by invasive test methods as Gram staining, urease...
November 2009
Listeria monocytogenesis and abortion: A case study of pregnant women in Iran
Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of serious infection such as meningoencephalitis and septicemia with about 25% mortality rate. The frequency is as high as 50% in neonates. Although Listeriosis is known increasingly as a serious threat for health, there is little study in some countries, especially Asian countries. This study was conducted to determine the effect of L. monocytogenes on...
November 2009
Application of response surface methodology in the formulation of nutrient broth systems with predetermined pH and water activities
Polynomial models describing the individual and combined influences of solutes (sucrose and NaCl) and pH on the water activity (aw) of nutrient broth systems (NBS) were established using Response Surface Methodology. For the sucrose-pH model, the linear, quadratic and interactive influences of sucrose concentration and pH significantly affected aw; while only the linear and quadratic influences of NaCl and pH...
November 2009
Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Bacillus species isolated from solid substrate fermentation of cassava for gari production
In this study, the bacterial population dynamics during solid substrate fermentation of cassava at different time regimes was determined, and the Bacillus species isolated were identified phenotypically of probable identity as Bacillus subtilis (47%), Bacilluspumilus (26%) and Bacillus mycoides (27%). The bacterial population increased as fermentation progressed. 8.32...
November 2009
Litter mycology and the impacts of litter type and preslaughter feed withdrawal on crop bacterial community in broiler chicken
An experiment consisting of two trials was conducted to compare the frequency of occurrence for 8 fungi in six broiler litter materials and to evaluate the impact of litter type and preslaughter feed withdrawal (PFW) on crop bactrioflora of broiler chicken at processing plant. Litter types including rice husk (RH), shredded paper (SP), barley stalks (BS), cow dung (CD), wood shaving (WS) and a mixture of all five...
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