Abstract

Nicolau syndrome is a rare complication following intramuscular injection of various medications. The pathophysiology of the condition remains complex. However, corticosteroids are responsible for vasospasm and ischemic necrosis. The objective of this report was to demonstrate the often-preventable nature of this debilitating drug-induced iatrogenesis. Two cases of preventable Nicolau syndrome in children aged 2 and 6 years following an intramuscular injection of dexamethasone causing leg amputation in a context of misuse were notified by the pediatric surgery department of the University Hospital of Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire. Although very rare, Nicolau syndrome, sometimes preventable, is responsible for numerous serious complications resulting in after-effects.

Key words: Nicolau syndrome, dexamethasone, preventability, disability, iatrogenicity